CN109511478B

CN109511478B - Bupleurum root black whole-film micro-furrow hole sowing planting method

Info

Publication number: CN109511478B
Application number: CN201810563545.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王鑫; 周海
Original assignee: Longxi Jifeng Seed Industry Co ltd
Current assignee: Longxi Jifeng Seed Industry Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-06-04
Filing date: 2018-06-04
Publication date: 2021-08-17
Anticipated expiration: 2038-06-04
Also published as: CN109511478A

Abstract

The invention provides a black full-film micro-furrow hill-drop planting method for radix bupleuri, which integrates the treatment technology of radix bupleuri seeds, autumn, winter, rain and spring application, ridge surface rain collection, mulching film soil moisture preservation and temperature increase and organic fertilization. The specific method comprises the following steps: a. selecting land: selecting a ladder field or a dry land with a deep and loose soil layer; b. land preparation: deep ploughing and drying upturned soil after harvesting the previous crops, draining water, then land leveling and storing soil moisture, ridging and carrying out rotary tillage and deep scarification; c. fertilizing: basal application of decomposed farmyard manure and active organic fertilizer or basal application of decomposed farmyard manure and organic-inorganic compound formula fertilizer; d. ridging and film covering: ditching, ridging and film covering at the time when the frost falls to the winter; e. seed treatment: before sowing, the bupleurum seeds are put into a soda solution with the mass concentration of 1 percent to be soaked for 1 hour, washed for 2 to 3 times by clear water and then dried; f. sowing: seeding in winter 10 days before and after the snowfall; g. field pipe burying: topdressing for three times in the second year; h. excavating: digging when the stem leaves of the overground part begin to wither in the third 9-10 months.

Description

Bupleurum root black whole-film micro-furrow hole sowing planting method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of radix bupleuri planting, and particularly relates to a black whole-film micro-furrow bunch planting method for radix bupleuri.

Background

Chaihu is the key herb of clearing heat and removing toxicity in clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine at present, and is also one of the main cultivated varieties of longdan medicine of ten big provinces in Gansu province and traditional Chinese medicinal materials in Dengxi city, and the annual planting area is about 5 ten thousand mu. However, in the traditional planting mode, the seedling emergence of the radix bupleuri is difficult or too late after the radix bupleuri is planted, and the yield and the quality of the radix bupleuri are seriously influenced. The traditional planting mode of the radix bupleuri is as follows: firstly, selecting the land: selecting deep and loose terraced fields or dry land blocks. The former crop is preferably wheat and leguminous crops, and continuous cropping are avoided. Secondly, soil preparation: after harvesting the previous crops, deeply ploughing and drying furrow soil in time, and raking and storing the furrow soil when meeting the rain. Thirdly, fertilizing: after the base fertilization, 2000 well-rotted and fine farmyard manure are planted, 3000 kg of each mu of farmyard manure are planted, 5 kg of urea are planted, and 50 kg of calcium superphosphate is planted. And fourthly, selecting the bupleurum root variety as the medium firewood No. 1, and selecting new seeds produced in the last year from the seeds. Fifthly, before seed treatment and sowing, the bupleurum is planted and soaked in warm water of 20 ℃ for 24 hours, blighted grains floating on the water surface are removed, and full seeds sinking to the water bottom are fished out and sowed in the air or directly sowed without treatment. Sixthly, sowing time: sowing the seeds when wheat and flax are planted in 3-4 months in spring. Seventhly, a sowing mode: the mixed cropping is usually carried out with summer crops such as flax, wheat and the like. Sowing, spreading seeds on the leveled ground surface, and repeatedly leveling for 2-3 times to enable the seeds to be buried for 1-2 cm. Seventhly, burying a field pipe: weeding and loosening soil in the first year in combination with the growth of crops. The weeding time after the next year is determined according to the field grass situation. And (4) topdressing, namely topdressing twice in the second year, wherein the first time is from middle to last of 4 months, and the second time is from last 6 months to last 7 months. The concrete topdressing depends on the weather, and usually adopts topdressing along with rain. And 5-10 kg of urea is applied every time. Irrigation is carried out, water is not irrigated under general conditions, and water is irrigated for 1-2 times according to soil moisture content in drought weather. Eighthly, excavating: the harvesting time is carried out when the overground part of the stem leaves begin to wither within 9-10 months in the next year. The digging method includes cutting off the ground with a harvester or manually, and digging the root. Or digging together with the above-ground part, and then shearing off the above-ground part with scissors. When digging medicinal materials, the seedling field should be kept moist and soft to ensure the integrity of the seedling body. Digging begins from the ground, plants are stuck on the ground and ditched, and then gradually digging inwards until the plants are guaranteed to be rooted.

The traditional Chinese medicinal material radix bupleuri planting technology is low in emergence rate and long in emergence time. Generally, seedlings emerge after rainfall increases in 7-9 months of the year, so that the growth amount of radix bupleuri is insufficient, the seedlings die seriously in the winter-crossing period, the seedlings lack in the planting field is serious, and the yield and the quality are low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a black full-film bupleurum root micro-furrow hole sowing planting method integrating a bupleurum root seed treatment technology, autumn, winter, rain and spring application, ridge surface rain collection, mulching film soil moisture preservation and temperature increase and organic fertilization aiming at the defects in the prior art.

The technical scheme is as follows for solving the technical problem of the invention:

a black whole-film micro-furrow hill-drop planting method for radix bupleuri comprises the following specific steps:

a. selecting land: selecting deep and loose terraced fields or arid land blocks, wherein the previous stubbles are wheat and leguminous crops;

b. land preparation: deep ploughing and drying upturned soil after harvesting the previous crops, draining water, then land leveling and storing soil moisture, and carrying out rotary tillage and deep scarification 2-3 days before ridging;

c. fertilizing: basal application of decomposed farmyard manure and active organic fertilizer or basal application of decomposed farmyard manure and organic-inorganic compound formula fertilizer;

d. ridging and film covering: ditching, ridging and laminating at the time when frost falls to the winter, wherein the ridges and the ditches form a wavy line shape on the ground; drilling water seepage holes on the black film of the furrow 7-10 days after film covering;

e. seed treatment: before sowing, soaking bupleurum seeds in 1% soda solution for 1h, removing blighted grains floating on the water surface, fishing out full seeds sinking to the water bottom, washing with clear water for 2-3 times, and air drying;

f. sowing: sowing in winter 10 days before and after the snowfall, uniformly mixing the air-dried bupleurum seeds and the fine dry soil according to the proportion of 1:2-3 before sowing, and then sowing in furrows;

g. field pipe burying: topdressing for three times in the second year;

h. excavating: digging when the stem leaves of the overground part begin to wither in the third 9-10 months.

3000 kg/mu of basic decomposed farmyard manure 2000 and 260 kg/mu of active organic fertilizer in the step c, or 3000 kg/mu of basic decomposed farmyard manure 2000 and 110 kg/mu of organic-inorganic compound mixed formula fertilizer.

And c, during ridging and film covering, film covering is carried out at the ditch spacing of 20-24cm, the ditch depth of 8-10cm and every 4-5 ridges of the black film with the width of 120cm, and the soil belt is transversely pressed at intervals of 1-1.5m during film covering.

In the step f, the sowing hole distance is 10-12cm, the sowing depth is 2-3cm, the seedling protection is 5-7 plants per hole, the seedling protection is 27000 and 30000 holes per mu, and 16-19 thousands of plants are cultivated.

In the step g, topdressing is carried out for three times in the second year, the striking root fertilizer is applied before striking root by using spring snow for the first time, and the active organic fertilizer is applied along with rain in the furrow at the rate of 120kg per mu; bolting fertilizers are applied in the middle and the last ten days of the second 4 months, and 10-12 kg of humic acid water is used for holding fertilizers, and the fertilizers are applied along the rain ditches; and (3) tapping seed fertilizers in the last ten days of 6 months to the last 7 months for the third time, and spraying monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces, wherein 0.1-0.2 kg of monopotassium phosphate is applied per mu.

And h, cutting off the overground part by using a harvester or manually during the digging, then digging the root or digging together with the overground part, shearing the overground part by using scissors after digging, and digging the seedling to be kept and the root is not broken.

The method improves the subjective germination character of the Chinese medicinal material bupleurum seeds, the conventional slow germination of the Chinese medicinal material bupleurum seeds requires 30-60 days for germination under the normal temperature and humidity conditions, and the method is the subjective problem that the seedlings of the bupleurum are difficult to grow in arid regions. The invention effectively shortens the starting date of the bupleurum seed germination by the bupleurum seed soda solution treatment technology, improves the germination rate and the germination vigor of the bupleurum seed, and solves the problem of difficult seedling emergence of the bupleurum seed from the self condition. Meanwhile, the invention changes the objective environmental conditions required by the bupleurum planting: the invention realizes that rain and spring in autumn and winter is used and ineffective rainfall is changed into limited rainfall by the optimized combination of the full-film technology and the micro-ridge technology, thereby effectively solving the problems of slow germination and large water demand for germination of Chinese medicinal material radix bupleuri seeds from the aspect of visitation, and simultaneously solving the reasonable close planting problem of close planting crops such as radix bupleuri and the like by the micro-ridge hole sowing technology. The method ensures that the sown bupleurum seeds are stored in the moist soil for a long time by using the long winter through the adjustment of the sowing time, prolongs the water absorption time of the bupleurum seeds to a certain extent, and is favorable for the moisture-saving germination and sprouting of the bupleurum seeds in spring. Meanwhile, the growth time of the bupleurum in the field is prolonged through the warming effect of the plastic film in early spring and late autumn after the plastic film is covered, and the effective accumulated temperature is increased for the accumulation of dry matters of plants. The invention also adjusts the fertilizing technology to ensure that the production of the bupleurum achieves the aims of green high yield, quality improvement and efficiency improvement.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a kinetic diagram of growth of bupleurum root in different treatments of example 4;

FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the effect of different fertilization treatments on the growth process of bupleuri radix in example 4;

FIG. 3 is a kinetic diagram of growth of bupleurum root in different treatments of example 5;

FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the effect of different fertilization treatments on the growth process of bupleuri radix in example 5.

Detailed Description

Example 1

Bupleurum chinense seed germination treatment test report with different solutions

Aiming at the main technical problems of low germination rate, irregular germination, long conventional germination time and the like in the production of a large authentic Chinese medicinal material radix bupleuri in Gansu province, the seeds of the radix bupleuri are soaked in different solutions. The test adopts a random block design, selects acids, alkalis, salts and organic solvents around the life of farmers, and sets 5 treatments. Comprises the following steps: t is₁: soaking seeds in edible vinegar solution (soaking seeds in 20 times of fresh edible vinegar for 7 hours; washing for 2-3 times, and soaking in clear water for 3 hours), T2: soaking seeds in a soda solution, soaking seeds in a soda solution with the mass concentration of 1% for 30 minutes, cleaning for 2-3 times, and soaking seeds in clear water for 3 hours), T3: soaking seeds in an alcohol solution (soaking seeds in 20 times of common white spirit for 7 hours; washing for 2-3 times and then soaking in clear water for 3 hours) T4: soaking seeds in warm water (20 deg.C, soaking for 3 hr when water temperature reaches normal temperature), and soaking in warm water₅: soaking seeds in a salt solution (1% of salt is used for soaking seeds for 30 minutes, and the seeds are soaked in clear water for 3 hours after being washed for 2-3 times). The experiment is carried out at warm air temperature (cultivation temperature is 18-23 ℃) and is washed with clear water every other day until seeds begin to germinate. Checking seedlings, washing and recording every day later. The experimental description is shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 statistical table of treatment tests of different solutions on bupleurum seeds

As seen from Table 1, T2 and T5 are superior to T4 in germination initiation date, germination period, germination rate and germination potential. The germination rate of T2 is improved by 10% compared with that of T4, the germination potential is improved by 8%, the starting date is advanced by 4 days, the germination cycle is shortened by 2 days, the germination rate of T5 is improved by 5% compared with that of T4, the germination potential is improved by 8%, the starting date is advanced by 4 days, and the germination cycle is shortened by 2 days; compared with T4, the T1 has an advanced germination starting date, but has a reduced germination rate and germination potential; compared with T4, T3 has negative effects on germination starting date, germination period, germination rate and germination vigor.

Example 2

Rechecking test report of germination treatment of bupleurum seeds by different solutions

Aiming at the test results and the problems, a random block design is adopted, acids, alkalis, salts and organic solvents around the life of farmers are selected, and 5 treatments are reset by adjustment. Comprises the following steps: t is₁: soaking seeds in vinegar solution (soaking seeds in 20 times of fresh vinegar for 30 minutes, cleaning for 2-3 times, and soaking in clear water for 3 hours), T2: soaking seeds in a soda solution (soaking seeds in a 1% sodium carbonate solution for 30 minutes, cleaning for 2-3 times, and soaking seeds in clear water for 3 hours), T3: soaking seeds in an alcohol solution (soaking seeds in 20 times of common white spirit for 30 minutes, cleaning for 2-3 times, and soaking in clear water for 3 hours) T4: soaking seeds in warm water (soaking seeds in warm water at 20 ℃ for 3 hours when the water temperature reaches normal temperature), T5: soaking seeds in a salt solution (1% of salt is used for soaking seeds for 30 minutes, and the seeds are soaked in clear water for 3 hours after being washed for 2-3 times). The bupleurum seeds are new seeds in the current year, the experiment is carried out at the temperature of a warm air chamber (the cultivation temperature is 18-23 ℃), the seeds are washed by clear water every other day, and the moisture and humidity of a cultivation box are supplemented until the seeds begin to germinate. Checking seedlings, washing and recording every day later. The experimental description is shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 statistical table of treatment tests of different solutions on bupleurum seeds

From table 2, it is seen that T2 and T5 are superior to T4 in terms of germination starting date, germination period, germination rate and germination potential, T2 is 12% higher than T4 in germination rate, 4% higher in germination potential, 3 days earlier in starting date, 2 days shorter in germination period, T5 is 6% higher than T4 in germination rate, 3% higher in germination potential, 3 days earlier in starting date, and 2 days shorter in germination period; compared with T4, the T1 has an earlier germination starting date and germination period, but has a lower germination rate and germination vigor; t3 showed improved germination cycle, germination rate and germination vigor compared with T4, but the germination initiation date was not effective. Combining the above germination results, soda ash solution is a suitable reagent for bupleurum seed treatment.

Example 3

Bupleurum chinense seed germination treatment test report of different soda ash solutions and time

In order to find the optimal concentration and seed soaking time of the soda ash solution for the germination treatment of the bupleurum seeds, a random block design is adopted, 4 treatments are set, and the method comprises the following steps: soaking seeds in 1% sodium carbonate solution for 30 min, cleaning for 2-3 times, soaking seeds in clear water for 1 hr, II: soaking seeds in 0.5 percent sodium carbonate solution for 30 minutes, cleaning for 2-3 times, soaking the seeds in clean water for 1 hour, III: soaking seeds in a soda solution with the mass concentration of 1% for 1 hour, cleaning for 2-3 times, and soaking the seeds in clear water for 1 hour, wherein IV: soaking seeds in 1.5% soda solution for 30 min, cleaning for 2-3 times, soaking seeds in clear water for 1 hr, and soaking new radix bupleuri seeds in the same year at room temperature (18-23 deg.C), washing with clear water every other day, and supplementing water and humidity until the seeds begin to germinate. Checking seedlings, washing and recording every day later. The experimental description is shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 statistics of the treatment of bupleurum seeds with different concentrations of soda solution and seed soaking time

As seen from Table 3, from the germination percentage, the treatment III is the highest, namely I, II and IV; from the viewpoint of germination vigor, the treatment III is highest and sequentially comprises I, IV and II; from the starting date, the treatment of III and IV is shortest, namely I and II in sequence; from the germination period, the treatment III is the longest, namely I, II and IV. Combining the above germination conditions, the optimal method for treating the bupleurum seeds is that III treatment is optimal treatment, namely seeds are soaked in 1 percent sodium carbonate solution for 1 hour, and then washed for 2-3 times by using clear water.

Example 4

Bupleurum chinense active organic fertilizer application test report

Meaning of first, test purpose

Chaihu is one of ten big longyao and a large number of Chinese herbal varieties in Deng xi city in Gansu province. However, due to the continuous cropping planting area expansion and the unreasonable chemical use of farmers, the ecological balance of soil is broken, the soil is degraded and hardened, and the yield and quality of the produced traditional Chinese medicinal materials are affected finally. The active organic fertilizer is an organic fertilizer rich in various strong PGPR bacteria (root growth promoting microorganisms), has the effects of promoting roots, growing fibrous roots, cultivating strong roots, enhancing fertilizer absorption and water absorption of crop roots, activating soil, reducing chemical pollution, improving soil fertility, increasing soil granular structure and the like, can be applied to adjust micro-ecology and enhance continuous cropping resistance and disease resistance of crops, and is a basis for green food and drug production.

Second, test arrangement

1. Basic conditions of the test: the test is carried out in a Longxi garden of Shouyangzhengdongmu family castle and Longxi province in Longxi county, the altitude is 1912m, the annual average precipitation is 430 mm, the annual average temperature is 7.4 ℃, and the annual average frost-free period is 142 d. The test plot is water-irrigated land, flat in topography, uniform in soil fertility, moderate in fertility and yellow-cotton soil. The former crop is astragalus root. The fertilizer is a novel and efficient active organic fertilizer provided by Gansu Lneng Ruiqi biotechnology limited company (the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 30 percent, the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in organic quick-acting nutrients is more than or equal to 7 percent, and trace elements are introduced to prepare the fertilizer). The bupleurum seeds are new seeds produced in the current year, and the seed consumption is 4 kg/mu.

2. Experimental design and planting: the test adopts a single-factor random block design, 5 treatments are designed, T1: no fertilizer application (CK), T2: 220 kg/mu, T3: 240 kg/mu, T4: 260 kg/mu, T5: 280 kg/mu. The process was repeated for 3 times, and,cell area 3m × 4m is 12m²The interval is 20cm, and a protective row with the width of 1m is arranged around the test site. In the whole experiment, fertilizers are respectively broadcast in the cells according to the experimental design, shallow ploughing and soil-burying are carried out, then bupleurum seeds are broadcast and sown, artificial weeding is started when the seedling is about 10cm, and the field cleanness is kept.

3. Field observation recording and data acquisition: the plant heights of three months (6 months, 7 months and 8 months) of different treatment periods of the test field are measured (20 plants are randomly selected in each cell for measuring the plant heights), the average number of the plant heights is taken for statistics, the harvest period is used for digging and harvesting the test cells, the yield of fresh medicinal materials is measured, the patent drug specifications of the medicinal materials are measured (60 plants are randomly selected in each cell for measuring the root length and the root thickness), the average value is taken for calculating the root length and the root thickness (see table 4), and the test data are analyzed by statistical analysis software of Exceel, SPSS15.5 and Tukey B.

Third, results and analysis

1. Test results of the influence of different fertilizing amounts of the active organic fertilizer on the growth of bupleurum (see table 4)

Table 4 shows the results of experiments on the influence of different amounts of active organic fertilizer on the growth of Bupleurum chinense

2. Influence of different fertilizing amounts of active organic fertilizer on biological yield of radix bupleuri in different periods

As shown in figure 1, the growth of the bupleurum roots treated differently in the same stage is different, which shows that the active organic fertilizer can effectively improve the biological yield of the bupleurum roots. Meanwhile, the fertilization effect is more obvious along with the growth period. Through analysis of variance, the influence of different fertilization treatments on the plant height of the bupleurum in 6 months does not reach a significant level, and the influence on the plant height in 7 months and 8 months reaches a significant level. Through comparative analysis, the influence of the active organic fertilizer on the height of the bupleurum plants in 7 months (table 5): treatments 5, 4, and 3 did not differ significantly from each other, but they differed to a significant level from treatment 2 and to a very significant level from treatment 1; the difference between treatment 2 and treatment 1 reached a significant level; effect of active organic fertilizer on height of bupleurum plants in month 8 (table 6): the difference between treatment 5 and treatment 4 and treatment 3 reaches a significant level, and the difference between treatment 2 and treatment 1 reaches a very significant level; the difference between treatment 4 and treatment 3 did not reach a significant level, but reached a significant level compared to treatment 2 and reached a very significant level compared to treatment 1; treatment 3 did not differ to a significant level from treatment 2, but did differ to a significant level from treatment 1; the difference between treatment 2 and treatment 2 reached a significant level.

The comparative analysis of the growth amount of the overground part of the bupleurum in different periods of time by the experiment shows that the higher the fertilizing amount is, the more the biological yield is accumulated. Second, the biological yield analysis in different periods shows that in July of the Longxi semi-arid region, the fertilizer-requiring critical period of radix bupleuri is adopted, and the best period of topdressing in production should be advanced by half month before July, namely, the middle of June (bolting period).

Table 5 shows the comparison of the height of the treated plants of Bupleurum falcatum in 7 months

Table 6 shows the comparison of the heights of the treated plants in 8 months

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of different fertilization treatments on the growth process of Bupleurum falcatum

As shown in figure 2, different fertilization treatments of the active organic fertilizer have certain influence on the growth process of the radix bupleuri, but the difference is small, and the bolting period is as follows: the fertilization treatment is delayed compared with the control breeding process; at the initial flowering stage: t3 is basically consistent with T1, and T2, T4 and T5 are slightly advanced; full-bloom stage: all fertilization treatments were advanced compared to controls. Through variance analysis, different fertilization treatments of the active organic fertilizer have no significant influence on the jointing stage, the initial flowering stage and the full flowering stage of the bupleurum. The analysis shows that the fertilizer efficiency of the active organic fertilizer is slow, and the influence on the growth process of the bupleurum is small.

Different fertilization treatments have great influence on the root length and the yield of medicinal materials and have little influence on the root thickness. The application of the active organic fertilizer has the effect of improving the planting soil, changes the ecological environment of the applied soil, breaks the soil hardening, increases the depth of a plough layer and promotes the growth of crop roots. Through variance analysis, the influence of the active organic fertilizer on the root thickness of Bupleurum falcatum can not reach a significant level, but the influence on the root length and the acre yield of the Bupleurum falcatum can reach a significant level. Multiple comparisons show that the active organic fertilizer has the effect of promoting the growth of bupleurum roots (table 7): significant levels were achieved between the fertilization treatments (treatments 2, 3, 4, 5) and the control (treatment 1), but the differences between the different application rates of the active organic fertilizer (treatments 2, 3, 4, 5) were not significant; effect of active organic fertilizer application on bupleurum production (table 8): the yield of the treatment 3 is increased by 30.93 kg compared with that of the treatment 1, the yield is increased by 70.5 percent, and the difference reaches a very remarkable level; the yield is increased by 11.57 kg compared with the yield of the treatment 2, the yield is increased by 35.8 percent, and the difference reaches a remarkable level; the yield is increased by 8.34 kg compared with the yield of the treatment 4, the yield is increased by 23.5 percent, and the difference reaches a remarkable level; compared with the treatment 5, the yield is increased by 9 kg, the yield is increased by 25.8 percent, and the difference reaches a remarkable level. The differences between treatment 4, treatment 5 and treatment 2 did not reach a significant level, but they reached a significant level compared to treatment 1. The production and fertilization amount of bupleurum in the semiarid area is 240 kg/mu.

Table 7 shows the effect of different organic fertilizer application amounts on the root length of Bupleurum falcatum

Table 8 shows the effect of different organic fertilizer application amounts on the yield of Bupleurum chinense

Four, small knot

1. The application of the active organic fertilizer can change the ecological environment of the applied soil, break soil hardening, promote the root growth of crops and finally achieve the purpose of improving the yield, but the fertilizer efficiency of the active organic fertilizer is slow and has little influence on the growth process of the radix bupleuri.

2. And integrating biomass accumulation of overground part of the bupleurum and underground economic yield formation, and the fertilizing amount of the active organic fertilizer produced by the bupleurum in the semiarid region is supposed to be determined to be 240 kg/mu. When the fertilizing amount exceeds 260 kg/mu, the growth of overground parts is unfavorable for the economic production of the bupleurum, namely the root yield of the bupleurum is in a descending trend, although the biological yield is still increased.

3. By the comparative analysis of the overground part growth amount of the radix bupleuri in different periods and the dynamic observation of radix bupleuri growth, the critical period of the radix bupleuri crop fertilizer requirement in the Longxi semi-arid region is July, and the best period of the topdressing in production is half a month before July, namely the middle of June (bolting period).

Example 5

Fertilizer effect test report of organic-inorganic compound formula fertilizer on radix bupleuri

Meaning of first, test purpose

According to the relevant regulations of GAP for the standardized production of Chinese medicinal materials, reasonable fertilization needs to be paid attention, otherwise, the adverse effects of reduced quality of the Chinese medicinal materials, soil hardening and the like can be caused. The experiment carries out experimental research on the fertilizer efficiency of the organic-inorganic compound formula fertilizer on the genuine medicinal material radix bupleuri, aims to explore the effect of the organic-inorganic compound formula fertilizer applied in the local radix bupleuri production, determines the optimal use amount of the organic-inorganic compound formula fertilizer in the radix bupleuri planting in arid and semi-arid regions, promotes the high-quality and high-efficiency production of the local radix bupleuri, and provides technical parameters and theoretical basis for solving the problems of plant nutrition imbalance caused by single application of the inorganic fertilizer, application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, reduction of soil organic matters, soil hardening and the like in the traditional agricultural production.

Second, test arrangement

1. Basic conditions of the test: the experiment was arranged in the Longxi Garden of Shanyang Zhendangdong Jiabao village, Gansu county. The altitude is 1912m, the annual average precipitation is 430 mm, the annual average temperature is 7.4 ℃, and the annual average frost-free period is 142 d. The test plot is water-irrigated land, flat in topography, uniform in soil fertility, moderate in fertility and yellow-cotton soil. The soil pH value is 8.17, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 123mg/kg, the effective phosphorus content is 39.7mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium content is 266.8mg/kg, and the organic matter content is 12.97 g/kg. The former crop is astragalus root. The fertilizer is an organic-inorganic compound formula fertilizer provided by Gansu Lneng Ruiqi biotechnology limited. The bupleurum seeds are new seeds produced in the current year, and the seed consumption is 4 kg/mu.

2. Experimental design and planting: using a one-way randomized block design, 5 treatments, T1: no fertilizer application (CK); t2: 110 kg/mu; t3: 120 kg/mu; t4: 130 kg/mu; t5: 140 kg/mu. 3 times of repetition, the cell area is 3m multiplied by 4m to 12m²The interval is 20cm, and a protective row with the width of 1m is arranged around the test site. Applying fertilizers with different dosages into each treatment in combination with soil preparation before sowing, carrying out shallow ploughing and turning into soil, then sowing bupleurum seeds, and carrying out conventional management.

3. Field observation recording and data acquisition: the experiment records the growth period of different treatments from the second year, and measures the plant heights in months of 6, 7 and 8 (randomly taking 20 plants per cell for measurement) to know the growth and development processes of the different treatments; and during digging, digging in different districts to measure the yield of the medicinal materials, randomly measuring 60 plants in each district to measure the root length and the root thickness, and calculating the data of the root length, the root thickness and the yield according to the average value. The experimental data were analyzed using Exceel, SPSS15.5 and Tukey B.

Third, results and analysis

1. Test results (see Table 9)

2. Influence of different fertilizing amounts of organic-inorganic compound formula fertilizer on biological yield of radix bupleuri

From different plant heights (figure 3), it can be seen that different fertilization treatments are different for the accumulation of bupleurum biological yield. Month of six: all fertilization treatments were better than control; july: t2 is better than the control, T3 is the same as the control, and T4 and T5 are worse than the control; august: t2 and T3 were better than controls, and T4 and T5 were worse than controls. The reasonable fertilization can promote the formation of the biological yield of the bupleurum, but the unreasonable fertilization especially applies a large amount of inorganic fertilizer in arid areas, increases the concentration of soil solution, makes the root system of the crop difficult to absorb water, and has an inhibiting effect on the formation of the biological yield of the crop [4 ]. Through analysis of variance (table 10), different fertilization have significant influence on plant heights of bupleurum in 6 months, 7 months and 8 months. Compared with similar subsets, the plant height changes in 6 months (see table 11), the application of the organic-inorganic compound formula fertilizer has a remarkable effect of promoting the plant height of the bupleurum compared with the application of no fertilizer (control), but the difference of the plant height of the bupleurum among different application amounts is not remarkable. The plant height changes in 7 months (see table 12), when the application amount of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is 110 kg/mu, the plant height promoting effect on the bupleurum is obvious, and other applications have no significant difference. The plant height changes in 8 months (see table 13), and further proves that when the application amount of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is 110 kg/mu, the plant height promoting effect on the bupleurum is obvious, and no significant difference exists among other fertilizers.

3. Influence of different fertilizing amounts of organic-inorganic compound formula fertilizer on growth process of radix bupleuri

As can be seen from FIG. 4, different fertilization treatments have some effect on the Bupleurum root growth process. Vegetative growth (before bolting): the growth process of the radix bupleuri after fertilization is delayed, the delay days increase with the increase of the fertilization amount, but the growth process has an inhibiting effect when the fertilization amount is too large. T2, T3, T4 and T5 were delayed on average by 0.4, 1.4, 2 and 0.7 days, respectively, from T1; reproductive growth period, initial flowering period: the growth process of the bupleurum is accelerated after fertilization, the number of days in advance is increased along with the increase of the fertilizing amount, but the reproductive growth of the bupleurum is inhibited when the fertilizing amount is too large, and T2, T3, T4 and T5 are respectively 3.4 days, 4.4 days, 4 days and 4 days in advance of T1 on average; full-bloom stage: t2, T3, T4 and T5 are respectively 4.7 days, 5.7 days, 1 day and 3 days earlier than T1 on average. The reasonable fertilization can promote the growth process of the bupleurum, but the unreasonable fertilization has an inhibiting effect on the growth process of the bupleurum.

Table 9 shows the results of experiments on the influence of different fertilizing amounts of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer on the growth of Bupleurum chinense

Table 10 shows the effect of different application amounts of the active organic fertilizer on the growth of Bupleurum falcatum in different periods

Table 11 shows the comparison of the plant heights in 6 months

Table 12 shows the comparison of the treatment for the plant height difference of 7 months

Table 13 shows comparison of treatment with different plant heights in 8 months

The early flowering phase has no significant influence, and the influence on the full flowering phase of the bupleurum is significant. Through comparison of similar subsets in the full-bloom stage, the obvious difference exists between the treatment 1 and the treatment 2 and the treatment 3; treatment 4 was significantly different from treatment 2 and treatment 3; treatment 5 was not different from treatment 2 and treatment 3, nor from treatment 1 and treatment 4. 4. Influence of different fertilizing amounts of organic-inorganic compound formula fertilizer on specifications and yield of radix bupleuri

As seen from fig. 4, different fertilization treatments mainly affect the root length and yield, have small influence on the root thickness, and are all best at T2, which indicates that when the fertilization rate is 110 kg/mu (T2), the yield of radix bupleuri is highest, the average yield per mu of fresh goods is 46.85 kg, and the yield is increased by 33.89 kg compared with the control; the yield is increased by 15.74 kg compared with the yield of the treatment 3 (the fertilizing amount is 120 kg/mu); the yield is increased by 20.74 kg compared with the yield of the treatment 4 (the fertilizing amount is 130 kg/mu); the yield is increased by 21.29 kg compared with the treatment 5 (the fertilizing amount is 130 kg/mu). Through analysis of variance (table 14), the influence of different fertilization treatments on the root length and yield of the radix bupleuri reaches a significant level, and the influence on the root thickness does not reach a significant level. By multiple comparison (table 15, table 16), the differences between T2 and T1 reach a significant level, and the differences between T3, T4, T5 and T1 reach a significant level.

Table 14 is an analysis of variance of the effect of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer on the specifications and yield of Bupleurum falcatum

Table 15 shows the comparison of the root length of Bupleurum chinense in different treatments

Table 16 shows the comparison of the fresh food per mu yield of bupleurum processed differently

Four, small knot

(1) The reasonable application of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer can promote the formation of the biological yield of the bupleurum, but the unreasonable application increases the concentration of a soil solution, makes the root system of the crop difficult to absorb water and has an inhibiting effect on the formation of the biological yield of the crop, especially when a large amount of inorganic fertilizer is applied in arid areas.

(2) Reasonable application of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer can promote the growth process of the bupleurum, but unreasonable application has an inhibiting effect on the growth process of the bupleurum.

(3) The reasonable application of the organic-inorganic compound formula fertilizer changes the ecological environment of the soil of the planting field, further influences the elongation and yield formation of the bupleurum root, and finally achieves the high yield and high quality of the medicinal material product.

(4) Through comprehensive research and analysis of the test, the optimal fertilizing amount of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer in the bupleurum production in arid and semi-arid regions is preferably 110 kg/mu. Too high or too low is not beneficial to the improvement of the yield and the quality of the medicinal materials.

Example 6

in 2015, 1 mu of radix bupleuri is planted in Fuxing Zhenshike and village of Longxi county by black full-film micro-furrow hole sowing, and the specific method is as follows:

a. selecting land: the first crop is wheat;

b. land preparation: deep ploughing and drying upturned soil after harvesting previous crops, storing soil moisture in land after raining in autumn, and carrying out rotary tillage and deep scarification 2 days before ridging;

c. fertilizing: 3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure is fertilized for every mu, and 240kg of active organic fertilizer is fertilized for every mu.

d. Ridging and film covering: ditching and laminating are carried out at the winter season, the ditch spacing is 20cm, and the ditch depth is 10 cm; laminating is carried out by using a group of black films with the width of 120cm per five ridges, the soil waistband is transversely pressed every 1m during laminating, and water seepage holes are punched on the black films on the furrows 7 days after laminating.

e. Seed treatment: before sowing, soaking bupleurum seeds in 1% soda solution for 1h, removing blighted grains floating on the water surface, fishing out full seeds sinking to the water bottom, washing with clear water for 2 times, and air drying;

f. sowing: seeding is carried out before and after the snow is small, the treated and dried bupleurum seeds and the fine dry soil are uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 1:2 before the seeding, and then the seeds are sowed in furrows by an adjustable small-grain seed hill-drop planter, wherein the hill distance is 12cm, the sowing depth is 2cm, and each hill-drop planter is about 14 grains. Seedlings emerged in 2016 in month 4.

g. Field pipe burying: weeding is carried out according to the conventional method. Topdressing is carried out for three times in 2017, wherein striking root fertilizers are applied in the first time in 3, 15 and 3 months in the year by using snowfall in spring, and 100 kg of organic fertilizers are applied along with the snow per mu; applying 10kg of humic acid water for the second 4 months and 26 days, and applying 20kg of humic acid water for the second time per mu before rainfall; spraying monopotassium phosphate on leaves in 7, 8 and 8 days for the third time; the dosage is 0.1 kg per mu.

h. Excavating: stem and leaf withering of aerial parts in 2017, 9 and 10 months; the overground part is cut manually, then the root is excavated, and the root is not broken during excavation.

The field seedling search and yield measurement of technical personnel are as follows: about 6 seedlings emerge per hole in 4 months in 2016, 27780 holes are reserved for each mu of seedlings, and 16 ten thousand seedlings emerge. The fresh herbs are harvested in 2017 years to 68 kg/mu, and the yield is increased by 23.6%.

Example 7

2.4 mu of radix bupleuri is planted in 2015 by black full-film micro-furrow hole sowing in populus village of township, county, the method comprises the following steps:

a. selecting land: in the terrace with deep and loose soil layer, the front stubble is pea;

b. land preparation: deep ploughing and drying upturned soil after harvesting previous crops, leveling the land after rain penetration, storing soil moisture, and carrying out rotary tillage and deep scarification 3 days before ridging;

c. fertilizing: 2000 kg of basic fertilization decomposed farmyard manure per mu, and 110kg of organic-inorganic compound formula fertilizer per mu

d. Ridging and film covering: ditching and laminating are carried out at frost season, the ditch distance is 24cm, and the ditch depth is 8 cm; laminating a film by using a group of black films with the width of 120cm per four ridges, transversely pressing a soil waistband every 1.5m during laminating, and punching water seepage holes on the black films of the furrows by using moso bamboos after laminating for 10 days;

e. seed treatment: soaking radix bupleuri seeds in 1% soda solution for 1 hr before sowing, removing blighted grains floating on water surface, taking out full seeds deposited on water bottom, washing with clear water for 2-3 times, and air drying;

f. sowing: seeding in winter before and after the snow is small, uniformly mixing the air-dried bupleurum seeds and the fine dry soil according to the proportion of 1:3 before seeding, and then seeding in furrows, wherein the hole distance is 10cm, the seeding depth is 3cm, and 13 seeds are sown in each hole;

g. field pipe burying: topdressing is carried out for three times in 2017, wherein the striking root is broadcast and applied to the striking root fertilizer in 3 months and 2 days for the first time, and the organic fertilizer is used for 120 kilograms per mu; applying 12 kilograms of humic acid water for holding the fertilizer in the middle 5 months along the rain ditches; in the third late 6 months, monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on the leaves, and the using amount is 0.2 kg per mu;

h. excavating: the stem and leaf of the overground part of the plant in 2017 and 10 months begin to wither; firstly, cutting off the plants on the ground by using a livestock and grass harvester, and then digging the roots.

The field seedling search and yield measurement of technical personnel are as follows: in 2016, about 7 seedlings emerge per hole in 4 months, 27600 holes are reserved for each mu of seedlings, and 19.4 thousands of seedlings are reserved. The fresh herbs are harvested in 2017 years to 88 kg/mu, and the yield is increased by 35.4%.

Example 8

1.5 mu of radix bupleuri is planted in 2015 in the Chunccun of Anhui Zhen, Gansu county by black full-film micro-furrow hole sowing, and the specific method is as follows:

a. selecting land: the water-chuanqi-land is made of wheat before the previous crop;

b. land preparation: deep ploughing and drying upturned soil after harvesting the previous crops, watering, land leveling and soil moisture accumulation, and carrying out rotary tillage 2 days before ridging;

c. fertilizing: 3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure is fertilized for every mu, and the fertilizing amount of the active organic fertilizer is 260kg per mu;

d. ridging and film covering: ditching and laminating are carried out at the winter season, the ditch spacing is 20cm, and the ditch depth is 10 cm; laminating a film by using a group of black films with the width of 120cm per five ridges, transversely pressing a soil waistband every 1m during laminating, and punching seepage holes on the black films of the furrows 7 days after laminating;

e. seed treatment: soaking radix bupleuri seeds in 1% soda solution for 1 hr before sowing, removing blighted grains floating on water surface, taking out full seeds submerged in water, washing with clear water for 3 times, and air drying;

f. sowing: sowing before and after the snow is small, uniformly mixing the dried bupleurum seeds and the fine dry soil according to the proportion of 1:2 before sowing, and then sowing in furrows, wherein the hole spacing is 11 cm, the sowing depth is 2cm, and 12 seeds are sown in each hole;

g. field pipe burying: topdressing is carried out for three times in 2017, wherein striking root is applied to the fertilizer before raining in 21 days in 3 months for the first time, and each mu is provided with 120 kilograms of organic fertilizer per mu; applying 12 kilograms of humic acid water for holding the fertilizer in the second 4 th late months along with the watering; in the last 6 months, monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on the leaves, and the using amount is 0.1 kg per mu;

h. excavating: stem and leaf withering of aerial parts in 2017, 10 months and 14 days; and excavating together with the above-ground part, and shearing off the above-ground part by using scissors after excavation.

The field seedling search and yield measurement of technical personnel are as follows: about 6 seedlings emerge per hole in 5 months in 2016, 20300 holes are reserved for seedlings per mu, and 18.1 ten thousand seedlings are reserved. The fresh herbs are harvested in 2017 years to 98 kilograms per mu, and the yield is increased by 30.7 percent.

Claims

1. A black whole-film micro-furrow hill-drop planting method for radix bupleuri is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

g. field pipe burying: topdressing for three times in the second year;

2. The black whole-film micro-furrow hill-drop planting method of radix bupleuri according to claim 1, characterized in that: 3000 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure 2000-.

3. The black whole-film micro-furrow hill-drop planting method of radix bupleuri according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and c, when ridging and film covering are carried out in the step c, the distance between every two furrows is 20-24cm, the depth of every two furrows is 8-10cm, every 4-5 ridges of black films with the width of 120cm are used as a group for film covering, and the soil belt is transversely pressed every 1-1.5m during film covering.

4. The black whole-film micro-furrow hill-drop planting method of radix bupleuri according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the step f, the distance between the sowing holes is 10-12cm, the sowing depth is 2-3cm, 5-7 seedlings are protected in each hole, 27000-30000 holes are protected in each mu of seedlings, and 16-19 ten thousand seedlings are protected.

5. The black whole-film micro-furrow hill-drop planting method of radix bupleuri according to claim 4, wherein: in the step g, topdressing is carried out for three times in the second year, wherein the striking root fertilizer is applied before striking root by utilizing spring snow for the first time, and 100-year 120 kg/mu active organic fertilizer is applied along with rain ditches; applying bolting fertilizer in the middle and last ten days of the second 4 months, and applying 10-12 kg/mu of humic acid water-containing fertilizer along with rain ditches; and (3) seed fertilizer is applied from late 6 months to early 7 months for the third time, monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the monopotassium phosphate is 0.1-0.2 kg/mu.

6. The black whole-film micro-furrow hill-drop planting method of radix bupleuri according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: and h, cutting off the overground part by using a harvester or manually during the digging, then digging the root or digging together with the overground part, shearing the overground part by using scissors after digging, and digging the seedling to be kept and the root is not broken.