CN105875164A - Method for no-tillage watermelon cultivation in Northern Jiangsu intertidal zone saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for no-tillage watermelon cultivation in Northern Jiangsu intertidal zone saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for no-tillage watermelon cultivation in Northern Jiangsu intertidal zone saline-alkali soil. The method includes the steps: a, determining a saline-alkali soil plot for cultivation according to salinity of a soil plough layer and a salt-tolerant threshold of feed barley-watermelon, and plowing soil by 30cm in winter for freezing upturned soil; b, applying fertilizer prior to using rotary cultivator for rotationally raking the plough layer by 20cm; c, planting feed barley to cover the target field parcel in spring and carrying out management; d, applying the fertilizer in the step b in an amount reduction manner after harvesting or 15 days before harvesting of the feed barley, and performing no-tillage field planting on watermelon seedlings grafted onto pumpkin stock; e, managing watermelon till harvesting; f, on the basis of ploughing soil by 30 cm for freezing upturned soil in winter after harvesting of watermelon, performing crop alternation according to the step b-e. By the method, crop rotation planting agriculture and physical, chemical and biological treatment measures of the saline-alkali soil are organically combined, and the method is of positive promotion significance to modification of the Northern Jiangsu intertidal zone saline-alkali soil and sustainable and stable agriculture development.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the sustainable agriculture renovation technique field on northern Suzhou beach saline-alkali ground, a kind of no-tillage cultivation mechanized cultivation, reduce production cost and improve production efficiency, promote salt-soda soil pattern of farming upgrading and enrich the method for beach saline-alkali ground, northern Suzhou zero tillage Citrullus vulgaris of beach saline-alkali real estate sector structure.
Background technology
Saline Alkali Stress is one of main stress factors currently affecting agricultural production and fertility.According to Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization of state of the United Nations and food and agricultural organization's incomplete statistics, the land area in the whole world 25% is affected by salination.China salt-soda soil area about 99,130,000 hm2, accounting for the 26.3% of salt-soda soil, world area, coastal and hinterland has large area to be distributed, and major part salt-soda soil is constantly in state to be developed.Nearly 1,000 kilometers of jiangsu coast coastline, beach saline-alkali ground area has 68.73 ten thousand hm2, account for about 1/4th of whole nation beach area, tidal flat of Jiangsu Province have have a moderate climate, rainfall is abundant, photo-thermal is abundant, the climatic superiority of frost-free period length, is that east China area is most potential, the land reserved resources of most worthy." Littoral Jiangsu Province development plan " proposes, and encloses and cultivates 180,000 hm to the year two thousand twenty planning2Marine site beach, wherein 60% is agricultural land, important Development of Land Reserving Resource district of China will be built in Sustainable Utilization Issues in Tidal Flat of Jiangsu Province.Along with " Littoral Jiangsu Province development plan " rises to national strategy, the development and utilization in tidal flat of Jiangsu Province salt-soda soil has more important meaning.
Major part tidal flat of Jiangsu Province salt-soda soil is positioned at Coastal regions area, northern Suzhou major part beach shallow-layer is mud or muck soil, there is preferable water source and soil condition and good agroecological environment, the content of organic matter is high, there is bigger yield potential, but northern Suzhou shore reclamation utilizes the beach area that still there is major part hypsography low-lying, and is in the downstream in " flood corridor ", flood season heavy rain and tidal backwater be readily formed damage caused by waterlogging；Soft soil foundation, bearing capacity of soil is low, and Tidal Flat Reclamation, reclamation area be supporting and the engineering construction cost such as traffic route is high, and cost of investment is big；Soil salt content is high, and the unfavorable factors such as soil improvement difficulty is big still suffer from.This research team carries out detection analysis to northern Suzhou beach saline-alkali, Testing index includes pH, total salt quantity, water solublity 4 cation (potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium), water solublity 4 anion (chloride ion, sulfate radical, carbonate, bicarbonate radical), commutativity 4 cation (potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium) etc..Detection analysis result shows: (1) soil types belongs to marine solonchak, the saline and alkaline skewness in plot, and spatial diversity is relatively big, and part plot alkaline spot is obvious；(2) soil texture is aleuritic texture loam, and the viscous weight of quality, structure is poor, and water-permeable and air permeable is poor, is unfavorable for that crop normal growth is grown；(3) soil alkaline degree is high, and the average total salt quantity of topsoil is 0.5%, and peak reaches 1.0%, and salt is grouped into based on chloride～sulfate；PH value is 8.1, basicity 21%, and salt damage and alkali evil are the most serious.Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensive improvement is carried out in the soil after reclaiming this salt pan targetedly, reduce basicity and the total salt quantity of soil, to reaching to improve the purpose of soil planting conditions.
At present, the control measures on beach saline-alkali ground has the measures such as physically improved, chemical modifying, biological modification.Physically improved referring to uses the method for physics to carry out transforming saline-alkali soil, as used irrigation and drainage system, rinsing the methods such as desalination, Song Geng, pressure sand, reaches the purpose of modified utilization.Wherein, be the Main Means of external Saline-alkali Field Control, the i.e. irrigation and drainage system of Erecting and improving based on the engineering measure of drip washing salt discharge, in conjunction with plough deeply improve the soil, soil removal and replacement, drip washing, the measure such as alluvial reduce the target of arable layer saliferous.Although engineering measure is applied relatively broad, but also exist that the amount of labour used is big, input cost is high, it is limited to hold time or be limited to the series of problems such as water resource is nervous, and can not fundamentally reduce soil salt, it is necessary to combine other measure and carry out；Chemical modifying is exactly to apply some acid salts substances to improve the character in salt-soda soil, reduces the acid-base value of soil, increases the cation replacement ability of soil, reduces the salinity of soil, strengthen Soil Microorganism and the activity of enzyme, promote plant root growth；Biological modification i.e. uses plant improvement salt-soda soil, easy to implement the method, remarkable in economical benefits, and biological control measure can gradually change the physical characteristic of soil, makes Soil structure change, and quality becomes to loosen, breathe freely and water storage capacity enhancing.
The measures such as physics, chemistry, biological modification are respectively arranged with pluses and minuses with administering beach saline-alkali, single ameliorative measure effect is limited, relatively costly, the cultivation of Coastal beach agricultural high-effiency is a systematic engineering of business, in salt discharge, while salt, anti-salt, need integrated use physics, the measure such as chemical and biological, reach to control salt improve the soil, the purpose of growth promoting of keeping a full stand of seedings.For the feature on Coastal regions beach saline-alkali ground, comprehensive multiple control measures, working out the crop rotation method in salt-soda soil, applicable this area, development sustainable agriculture is the most cost-effective measure.It is sustainable that sustainable agriculture contains on the sustainability of agricultural economy output, the probability of the utilization of resources and ecological significance.Salt-soda soil sustainable agriculture, is with biological cycle as mechanism, on the one hand improves ground mulching degree, reduces soil salt；On the other hand by comprehensive Saline-alkali Field Control measure, increase soil fertility.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the defect existed for prior art, it is provided that a kind of no-tillage cultivation mechanized cultivation, reduce production cost and improve production efficiency, promote the upgrading of salt-soda soil pattern of farming and enrich the method for beach saline-alkali ground, northern Suzhou zero tillage Citrullus vulgaris of beach saline-alkali real estate sector structure.
It is an object of the invention to solve by the following technical programs:
A kind of method of beach saline-alkali ground, northern Suzhou zero tillage Citrullus vulgaris, it is characterised in that: steps of the method are:
A, selection planting area: determine the saline and alkaline plot of plantation according to the salt-tolerant threshold of plough horizon salinity and feed barley-Citrullus vulgaris, plough soil 30cm winter and freeze upturned soil；
B, soil management in spring: using rotary cultivator rotation rake arable layer 20cm after using organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer, chesson also makes soil mix mixing with organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer；
C, sowing feed barley: spring, whether contracting grassland Fructus Hordei Vulgaris coverage goal field determining according to soil moisture content irrigated, timely Drainage of salt and the stagnant evil of prevention；
D, plantation Citrullus vulgaris: after feed barley results or before gathering in the crops first 15 days, will use after the organic fertilizer in step b, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer decrement and no-tillage field planting Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae Grafted Watermelon Seedling；
E, watermelon growing and results: transplant when being seriously short of seedling fill the gaps with seedlings and combine rain event supplement during fertilizer, watermelon growing in time disease and pest control until results；
F, the change of crops: plough on the basis of soil 30cm freezes upturned soil after Citrullus vulgaris results in the winter time, change crops according to step b～step e.
The salt-tolerant threshold according to plough horizon salinity and feed barley-Citrullus vulgaris in described step a determines that the criterion planting saline and alkaline plot is: feed barley Root Distribution 30cm is deep, sodium chloride salt salt-tolerant threshold 0.6%, selects arable layer sodium salt content during contracting grassland Fructus Hordei Vulgaris to control less than 0.6%；The sodium chloride salt salt-tolerant threshold 0.3% of Citrullus vulgaris, controls arable layer sodium chloride salt less than 0.3% during field planting Citrullus vulgaris in summer.
Plough soil 30cm the winter in described step a and freeze the requirement of upturned soil and be: use caterpillar tractor to draw three turnplows and plough the soil layer 30cm degree of depth, furrow width 3.2m, dry in the sun 2～after 3 days in time trench digging 30cm deeply to prevent stagnant evil.
Organic fertilizer in described step b be the feces of livestock and poultry that becomes thoroughly decomposed, alcohol fermentation remnants be main farm manure, and the content of organic matter in farm manure is not less than 30g/kg, and the amount of application of farm manure is 3000kg/ mu；Compound fertilizer in described step b is to be 15kg～20kg without ammonium ion and the compound fertilizer of chloride ion and every mu of amount of application；Nitrogenous fertilizer in step b applies as base manure, and consumption is 20kg～35kg/ mu.
Desulfurated plaster is added for soil improvement, CaSO in this desulfurated plaster during organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogen application in described step b4•2H2O content is not less than 91.3%, and amount of application is 100kg～500kg/ mu.
Feed barley application rate in described step c is 25kg～30kg/ mu；And 4～May according to field soil moisture content control hydraulic pressure salt with ensure feed barley rhizosphere scope applicable ecological condition, when general soil humidity less than 30% time, take irrigate pressure salt and and get rid of waste water in time；Prevent and treat stripe disease of barley and fringe aphid in time, it is ensured that Fructus Hordei Vulgaris normal growth simultaneously.
Before the no-tillage definite value of Citrullus vulgaris in described step d, if field feed barley Biomass is less than normal, directly toothing pressure salt no-tillage field planting Citrullus vulgaris, if field feed barley Biomass is greatly, stays high straw to cover pressure salt no-tillage field planting Citrullus vulgaris for field during results；Citrullus vulgaris resident time in step d in first arrival in May by the end of May, density 400 strain～600 plants/acre.
The amount of application of organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer in described step d is respectively 1500kg/ mu, 15kg～20kg/ mu and 15kg～20kg/ mu.
During watermelon growing in described step e, when on melon seedling, master climing several female flowers carry out artificial pollination when opening simultaneously, when spending latter 7 days fruit goose egg is big, every strain is stayed 2～3 melons and is not stayed main climing first melon；If melon seedling blooms to bear fruit excessive growth phenomenon occurs, retain main climing melon to alleviate melon seedling excessive growth.
Dressing time in described step e is: when melon seedling grows to 30cm, imposes diammonium 5kg～7kg/ mu, carbamide 5kg～7kg/ mu；Topdressing and took effect after 7～10 days after executing, when taking effect when topdressing, Citrullus vulgaris is just bloomed and is beared fruit.
The present invention has the following advantages compared to existing technology:
The present invention is directed to the feature on Coastal regions beach saline-alkali ground, according to plantation field plough horizon salinity and variety of watermelon Salt Tolerance at Seedling Stage threshold value, determine varieties of plant and region；Crop rotation plantation agricultural and salt-soda soil physics, chemistry, biological treating measure are organically combined, efficent rotation rotates crops, and both can obtain high economic benefit under relatively low input, and can improve again soil with organic matter content, be conducive to fertilizing soil, form benign cycle；Being the excellent improvement salt-soda soil pattern that there are of ecological, economic and social benefit, not only economic benefit is obvious, and has higher ecological benefits, and the development stable to the transformation on Coastal regions beach saline-alkali ground and Sustainable Agricultural has positive facilitation.
The method of the present invention was by continuous 2 years plantation results: general yield level 2000kg～2500kg/mu；Price general charged 1.0～1.2 yuan/kg, every per mu yield is worth 2000 yuan～3000 yuan, and relatively general field crop (Oryza sativa L.) output value increases by more than 40%, is suitable for home farm on a fairly large scale and cooperative society's mode development salt-soda soil and uses；By application comprehensive improvement technical measures, effectively improve Soil structure, improve crop-planting environment, promote crop growth, prevent the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, it is achieved quickly reclaim in salt pan；Screened by suitable raw crop varieties and plantation demonstration simultaneously, can promote salt pan improved effect to a certain extent, form local new dominant crop variety type, improve crop-planting benefit, improve salt pan and reclaim the comprehensive output ploughed and agricultural use is worth.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
The method of beach saline-alkali ground, a kind of northern Suzhou zero tillage Citrullus vulgaris, steps of the method are: a, selection planting area: determine the saline and alkaline plot of plantation according to the salt-tolerant threshold of plough horizon salinity and feed barley-Citrullus vulgaris, plough soil 30cm winter and freeze upturned soil；B, soil management in spring: using rotary cultivator rotation rake arable layer 20cm after using organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer, chesson also makes soil mix mixing with organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer；C, sowing feed barley: spring, whether contracting grassland Fructus Hordei Vulgaris coverage goal field determining according to soil moisture content irrigated, timely Drainage of salt and the stagnant evil of prevention；D, plantation Citrullus vulgaris: after feed barley results or before gathering in the crops first 15 days, will use after the organic fertilizer in step b, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer decrement and no-tillage field planting Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae Grafted Watermelon Seedling；E, watermelon growing and results: transplant when being seriously short of seedling fill the gaps with seedlings and combine rain event supplement during fertilizer, watermelon growing in time disease and pest control until results；F, the change of crops: plough on the basis of soil 30cm freezes upturned soil after Citrullus vulgaris results in the winter time, change crops according to step b～step e.This method continuous application, reclamation result is obvious.
Specifically, the salt-tolerant threshold according to plough horizon salinity and feed barley-Citrullus vulgaris in step a determines that the criterion planting saline and alkaline plot is: feed barley Root Distribution 30cm is deep, sodium chloride salt salt-tolerant threshold 0.6%, selects arable layer sodium salt content during contracting grassland Fructus Hordei Vulgaris to control less than 0.6%；The sodium chloride salt salt-tolerant threshold 0.3% of Citrullus vulgaris, controls arable layer sodium chloride salt less than 0.3% during field planting Citrullus vulgaris in summer；And the winter in step a plough soil 30cm and freeze the requirement of upturned soil and be: use caterpillar tractor to draw three turnplows and plough the soil layer 30cm degree of depth, furrow width 3.2m, dry in the sun 2～after 3 days in time trench digging 30cm deeply to prevent stagnant evil.Organic fertilizer in step b be the feces of livestock and poultry that becomes thoroughly decomposed, alcohol fermentation remnants be main farm manure, and the content of organic matter in farm manure is not less than 30g/kg, and the amount of application of farm manure is 3000kg/ mu；Compound fertilizer in described step b is to be 15kg～20kg without ammonium ion and the compound fertilizer of chloride ion and every mu of amount of application；Nitrogenous fertilizer in step b applies as base manure, and consumption is 20kg～35kg/ mu.Additionally add desulfurated plaster when the organic fertilizer in step b, compound fertilizer and nitrogen application for soil improvement, CaSO in this desulfurated plaster4•2H2O content is not less than 91.3%, and amount of application is 100kg～500kg/ mu.Feed barley application rate in step c is 25kg～30kg/ mu；And 4～May according to field soil moisture content control hydraulic pressure salt with ensure feed barley rhizosphere scope applicable ecological condition, when general soil humidity less than 30% time, take irrigate pressure salt and and get rid of waste water in time；Prevent and treat stripe disease of barley and fringe aphid in time, it is ensured that Fructus Hordei Vulgaris normal growth simultaneously；Before the no-tillage definite value of Citrullus vulgaris in step d, if field feed barley Biomass is less than normal, directly toothing pressure salt no-tillage field planting Citrullus vulgaris, if field feed barley Biomass is greatly, stays high straw to cover pressure salt no-tillage field planting Citrullus vulgaris for field during results；Citrullus vulgaris resident time in step d in first arrival in May by the end of May, density 400 strain～600 plants/acre.The amount of application of organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer in step d is respectively 1500kg/ mu, 15kg～20kg/ mu and 15kg～20kg/ mu.During watermelon growing in step e, when on melon seedling, master climing several female flowers carry out artificial pollination when opening simultaneously, when spending latter 7 days fruit goose egg is big, every strain is stayed 2～3 melons and is not stayed main climing first melon；If melon seedling blooms to bear fruit excessive growth phenomenon occurs, retain main climing melon to alleviate melon seedling excessive growth；Additionally the dressing time in step e is: when melon seedling grows to 30cm, imposes diammonium 5kg～7kg/ mu, carbamide 5kg～7kg/ mu；Topdressing and took effect after 7～10 days after executing, when taking effect when topdressing, Citrullus vulgaris is just bloomed and is beared fruit.
In the above-mentioned methods, the cultivation management technology of Citrullus vulgaris includes the cultivation technique two large divisions of nursery and grafting and Citrullus vulgaris, being specially (i) nursery and grafting: (1) stock nursery: 1. selecting HEIZI Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae is stock, Salt And Alkali Tolerance ground performance is good, it is possible to be grown in 0.2～0.4% salt-soda soil of salinity；2. feeding block seedlings raising is to facilitate grafting and transplanting；Select the soil of target plantation field, coordinate 20% decomposed manure and appropriate compound fertilizer, adding 1% blinding weight ratio 50% Bavistin prevention sprout term disease, the 50% phoxim insecticide prevention subterranean pest-insect adding 0.1% blinding weight ratio is caused harm, and mixed-stacking fills alms bowl nursery after 5 days；3. Small plastic shed nursery, uses 4 μm plastic sheetings and the Shading net covering of 70% shading rate, and in canopy, temperature controls to be advisable at 5 °～30 ° of scopes.(2) watermelon seedling culturing: 1. select small-sized melon to be advisable, according to market adaptability, selects the kind of 8424 types；2. nutrition furrow nursery, select the soil of target plantation field, coordinate 20% decomposed manure and appropriate compound fertilizer, add 1% blinding weight ratio 50% Bavistin prevention sprout term disease, the 50% phoxim insecticide prevention subterranean pest-insect adding 0.1% blinding weight ratio is caused harm, after mixed-stacking 5 days, a point two-layer is covered in seedbed, and seed is between two-layer.(3) grafting: use the method for plant propagation with cutting to be advisable, grafting time launch with stock rough leaf during preferably, stock emerge after 6～8 days just can grafting, sustainable 6～8 days of grafting time.(ii) cultivating watermelon technology: (1) sowing and seedbed management: sow after watermelon seed accelerating germination, seedbed bottom water is irrigated before sowing, blinding 2 cm on the seed of accelerating germination；Citrullus vulgaris needs the suitable soil moisture and relatively low air humidity seedling stage, and in seedbed, temperature is higher than extraneous, and ground and blade face evaporation capacity are the biggest.(2) field planting management: resident time is in first arrival in May by the end of May；Density 400～600 plants/acre.(3) pollinating and stay melon: Citrullus vulgaris is cross pollinated plant, the different flower of hermaphroditism, the general florescence is by insect pollination such as Apiss；Summer rainwater period, the normal pollination of Pollinating Insect lazy weight impact such as Apis, it is highly important for therefore carrying out artificial supplementary pollination, and artificial supplementary pollination can improve yield about 20%.(4) base fertilizer and topdressing: apply base fertilizer before Citrullus vulgaris field planting, topdress when melon seedling grows to 30 cm.(5) water management: controlling excess water, heavy showers is disposed in time, prevents stagnant evil.(6) pest management: the insect such as aphid and Bemisia tabaci is main, virosis manages, prevention cross infection and contagion.
On the basis of the method; also needing to carry out water pollution protection and soil pollution protection, wherein the protective measure of water pollution is: improve pumping equipment, is put into by the drainage in Project Areas in appointment irrigation canals and ditches; the draining avoiding high solution concentration flows into periphery farmland, thus damage to crops；The protective measure of soil pollution is: every a batch of soil conditioner raw material is sampled detection, strictly control harmful substance, especially content of beary metal be have to be lower than standard-required and just can be used for preparing soil conditioner.
Embodiment one
Big portion, soil after reclaiming in salt pan is moderate (salinity 0.2%～0.4%) and heavy and light degree (salinity >=0.4%) salinized soil, pH value 8.0～8.5, and saline and alkaline double evils are serious, directly affect the existing forms of soil nutrient, conversion and effectiveness.Analyzing after testing and understand, native ground surface soil (the 0～20cm) salinity after farming 4 years is still 0.2%～0.4%, jeopardizes crops and emerges and keep a full stand of seedings and normal growth is grown.Soil salt has obvious seasonal variations, predominantly autumn in summer desalination, Winter-Spring salification.Natural vegetation, based on Herba suadeae glaucae (Herba suadeae glaucae), is distributed the saline alkali tolerant plants such as phragmites communis.
A kind of method of beach saline-alkali ground, northern Suzhou zero tillage Citrullus vulgaris, steps of the method are: a, selection planting area: according to feed barley sodium chloride salt salt-tolerant threshold 0.6%, select arable layer sodium salt content less than 0.6% field as planting base, plough soil 30cm winter and freeze upturned soil；B, soil management in spring: after using organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer, use rotary cultivator rotation rake arable layer 20cm, chesson also makes soil mix mixing with organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer, wherein the content of organic matter in farm manure is not less than the amount of application of 30g/kg and farm manure is 3000kg/ mu, compound fertilizer is the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of N-P-K content 45% and every mu of amount of application is 15kg, and amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is 25kg/ mu；Being simultaneously introduced desulfurated plaster for soil improvement, the amount of application of desulfurated plaster is 500kg/ mu；C, sowing feed barley: spring contracting grassland Fructus Hordei Vulgaris coverage goal field, feed barley application rate is 25kg/ mu, timely ditch cleaning reason entropy, determine according to soil moisture content and whether irrigate；If irrigate need to see dry see wet, timely Drainage of salt and prevent stagnant evil；And 4～May according to field soil moisture content control hydraulic pressure salt with ensure feed barley rhizosphere scope applicable ecological condition, when general soil humidity is less than 30%, take to irrigate pressure salt and and get rid of waste water in time, and prevent and treat stripe disease of barley and fringe aphid in time, it is ensured that Fructus Hordei Vulgaris normal growth；D, plantation Citrullus vulgaris: after feed barley results or before gathering in the crops first 15 days, it is applied with organic substance fertilizer 1500kg/ mu, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 15kg/ mu and nitrogenous fertilizer 20kg/ mu no-tillage field planting Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae Grafted Watermelon Seedling, Citrullus vulgaris resident time in first arrival in May by the end of May, density 400 strain～600 plants/acre；E, watermelon growing and results: transplant when being seriously short of seedling and fill the gaps with seedlings and combine timely disease and pest control during rain event supplements fertilizer, watermelon growing；When on melon seedling, master climing several female flowers carry out artificial pollination when opening simultaneously, when spending latter 7 days fruit goose egg is big, every strain is stayed 2～3 melons and is not stayed main climing first melon；If melon seedling blooms to bear fruit excessive growth phenomenon occurs, retain main climing melon to alleviate melon seedling excessive growth；Additionally when melon seedling grows to 30cm, impose diammonium 5kg/ mu, carbamide 5kg/ mu；Topdressing and took effect after 7～10 days after executing, when taking effect when topdressing, Citrullus vulgaris is just bloomed and is beared fruit, until results；F, the change of crops: plough on the basis of soil 30cm freezes upturned soil after Citrullus vulgaris results in the winter time, change crops according to step b～step e.
The present invention is directed to the feature on Coastal regions beach saline-alkali ground, according to plantation field plough horizon salinity and variety of watermelon Salt Tolerance at Seedling Stage threshold value, determine varieties of plant and region；Crop rotation plantation agricultural and salt-soda soil physics, chemistry, biological treating measure are organically combined, efficent rotation rotates crops, and both can obtain high economic benefit under relatively low input, and can improve again soil with organic matter content, be conducive to fertilizing soil, form benign cycle；Being the excellent improvement salt-soda soil pattern that there are of ecological, economic and social benefit, not only economic benefit is obvious, and has higher ecological benefits, and the development stable to the transformation on Coastal regions beach saline-alkali ground and Sustainable Agricultural has positive facilitation.The method was by continuous 2 years plantation results: general yield level 2000kg～2500kg/mu；Price general charged 1.0～1.2 yuan/kg, every per mu yield is worth 2000 yuan～3000 yuan, and relatively general field crop (Oryza sativa L.) output value increases by more than 40%, is suitable for home farm on a fairly large scale and cooperative society's mode development salt-soda soil and uses；By application comprehensive improvement technical measures, effectively improve Soil structure, improve crop-planting environment, promote crop growth, prevent the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, it is achieved quickly reclaim in salt pan；Screened by suitable raw crop varieties and plantation demonstration simultaneously, can promote salt pan improved effect to a certain extent, form local new dominant crop variety type, improve crop-planting benefit, improve salt pan and reclaim the comprehensive output ploughed and agricultural use is worth.
Above example is only the technological thought that the present invention is described, it is impossible to limiting protection scope of the present invention with this, every technological thought proposed according to the present invention, any change done on the basis of technical scheme, within each falling within scope；The technology that the present invention is not directed to all can be realized by prior art.
Claims (10)
1. the method for beach saline-alkali ground, northern Suzhou zero tillage Citrullus vulgaris, it is characterised in that: steps of the method are:
A, selection planting area: determine the saline and alkaline plot of plantation according to the salt-tolerant threshold of plough horizon salinity and feed barley-Citrullus vulgaris, plough soil 30cm winter and freeze upturned soil；
B, soil management in spring: using rotary cultivator rotation rake arable layer 20cm after using organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer, chesson also makes soil mix mixing with organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer；
C, sowing feed barley: spring, whether contracting grassland Fructus Hordei Vulgaris coverage goal field determining according to soil moisture content irrigated, timely Drainage of salt and the stagnant evil of prevention；
D, plantation Citrullus vulgaris: after feed barley results or before gathering in the crops first 15 days, will use after the organic fertilizer in step b, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer decrement and no-tillage field planting Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae Grafted Watermelon Seedling；
E, watermelon growing and results: transplant when being seriously short of seedling fill the gaps with seedlings and combine rain event supplement during fertilizer, watermelon growing in time disease and pest control until results；
F, the change of crops: plough on the basis of soil 30cm freezes upturned soil after Citrullus vulgaris results in the winter time, change crops according to step b～step e.
The method of beach saline-alkali ground, northern Suzhou the most according to claim 1 zero tillage Citrullus vulgaris, it is characterized in that: the salt-tolerant threshold according to plough horizon salinity and feed barley-Citrullus vulgaris in described step a determines that the criterion planting saline and alkaline plot is: feed barley Root Distribution 30cm is deep, sodium chloride salt salt-tolerant threshold 0.6%, select arable layer sodium salt content during contracting grassland Fructus Hordei Vulgaris to control less than 0.6%；The sodium chloride salt salt-tolerant threshold 0.3% of Citrullus vulgaris, controls arable layer sodium chloride salt less than 0.3% during field planting Citrullus vulgaris in summer.
The method of beach saline-alkali ground, northern Suzhou the most according to claim 1 zero tillage Citrullus vulgaris, it is characterized in that: plough soil 30cm the winter in described step a and freeze the requirement of upturned soil and be: use caterpillar tractor to draw three turnplows and plough the soil layer 30cm degree of depth, furrow width 3.2m, dry in the sun 2～the 30cm that ditches in time after 3 days are deeply to prevent stagnant evil.
The method of beach saline-alkali ground, northern Suzhou the most according to claim 1 zero tillage Citrullus vulgaris, it is characterized in that: the organic fertilizer in described step b be the feces of livestock and poultry that becomes thoroughly decomposed, alcohol fermentation remnants be main farm manure, and the content of organic matter in farm manure is not less than 30g/kg, the amount of application of farm manure is 3000kg/ mu；Compound fertilizer in described step b is to be 15kg～20kg without ammonium ion and the compound fertilizer of chloride ion and every mu of amount of application；Nitrogenous fertilizer in step b applies as base manure, and consumption is 20kg～35kg/ mu.
5. according to the method for the northern Suzhou beach saline-alkali ground zero tillage Citrullus vulgaris described in claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that: add desulfurated plaster for soil improvement, CaSO in this desulfurated plaster during organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogen application in described step b4•2H2O content is not less than 91.3%, and amount of application is 100kg～500kg/ mu.
The method of beach saline-alkali ground, northern Suzhou the most according to claim 1 zero tillage Citrullus vulgaris, it is characterised in that: the feed barley application rate in described step c is 25kg～30kg/ mu；And 4～May according to field soil moisture content control hydraulic pressure salt with ensure feed barley rhizosphere scope applicable ecological condition, when general soil humidity less than 30% time, take irrigate pressure salt and and get rid of waste water in time；Prevent and treat stripe disease of barley and fringe aphid in time, it is ensured that Fructus Hordei Vulgaris normal growth simultaneously.
The method of beach saline-alkali ground, northern Suzhou the most according to claim 1 zero tillage Citrullus vulgaris, it is characterized in that: before the no-tillage definite value of Citrullus vulgaris in described step d, if field feed barley Biomass is less than normal, directly toothing pressure salt no-tillage field planting Citrullus vulgaris, if field feed barley Biomass is greatly, stays high straw to cover pressure salt no-tillage field planting Citrullus vulgaris for field during results；Citrullus vulgaris resident time in step d in first arrival in May by the end of May, density 400 strain～600 plants/acre.
8. according to the method for beach saline-alkali ground, the northern Suzhou zero tillage Citrullus vulgaris described in claim 1 or 7, it is characterised in that: the amount of application of organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer in described step d is respectively 1500kg/ mu, 15kg～20kg/ mu and 15kg～20kg/ mu.
The method of beach saline-alkali ground, northern Suzhou the most according to claim 1 zero tillage Citrullus vulgaris, it is characterized in that: during watermelon growing in described step e, when on melon seedling, master climing several female flowers carry out artificial pollination when opening simultaneously, when spending latter 7 days fruit goose egg is big, every strain is stayed 2～3 melons and is not stayed main climing first melon；If melon seedling blooms to bear fruit excessive growth phenomenon occurs, retain main climing melon to alleviate melon seedling excessive growth.
The method of beach saline-alkali ground, northern Suzhou the most according to claim 1 zero tillage Citrullus vulgaris, it is characterised in that: the dressing time in described step e is: when melon seedling grows to 30cm, imposes diammonium 5kg～7kg/ mu, carbamide 5kg～7kg/ mu；Topdressing and took effect after 7～10 days after executing, when taking effect when topdressing, Citrullus vulgaris is just bloomed and is beared fruit.
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