CN110972841A - Cultivation method of sand-culture watermelons - Google Patents
Cultivation method of sand-culture watermelons Download PDFInfo
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- CN110972841A CN110972841A CN201911396246.4A CN201911396246A CN110972841A CN 110972841 A CN110972841 A CN 110972841A CN 201911396246 A CN201911396246 A CN 201911396246A CN 110972841 A CN110972841 A CN 110972841A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/27—Pulp, e.g. bagasse
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating a watermelon by sand culture, which comprises the following steps: the invention relates to a watermelon planting method, which comprises the steps of preparing a substrate, cultivating strong seedlings, transplanting and planting, carrying out drip irrigation to supply liquid, measuring seepage and arranging branches and tendrils.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sand culture planting of fruits and vegetables, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating sand-cultured watermelons.
Background
The sand culture is a method for cultivating plants by using a mixture of sand and soil as a substrate, the sand and soil is a scattered solid, and not only can play a role of supporting the plants to stand upright, but also can play a role of ventilating to enable the roots of the plants to breathe normally.
However, at present, the outdoor cultivation of watermelons is easily affected by adverse climates such as early spring low-temperature overcast and rainy days, summer strong wind and heavy rain, autumn cold tide and the like, so that low yield and low efficiency are caused, and the income of farmers is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the sand-cultured watermelon with good cultivation effect, excellent quality and high yield.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method of sand-culture watermelons comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a substrate: placing a planting groove with holes in a greenhouse, firstly paving 1-2 layers of plastic films in the planting groove with holes, then filling a sandy soil culture medium with the thickness of 30-40cm into the planting groove with holes, and then uniformly covering 8-10cm of sand on the sandy soil culture medium;
(2) culturing strong seedlings: placing the watermelon seeds exposed to the white in seedling culture hole trays of the greenhouse, adding soil into the seedling culture hole trays, sealing the seedling culture hole trays, watering the seedling culture hole trays thoroughly with water, covering 1 layer of plastic film, and obtaining strong watermelon seedlings capable of being transplanted when the watermelon seedlings grow and have 2-3 true leaves;
(3) transplanting and field planting: transplanting and planting the strong watermelon seedlings in the planting grooves with holes, planting 2 rows of strong watermelon seedlings in each planting groove with holes, wherein the plant spacing is 40-50cm, and watering the strong watermelon seedlings thoroughly after planting;
(4) drip irrigation and liquid supply: placing a drip irrigation device in the planting groove with the holes, in which the strong watermelon seedlings are transplanted, wherein the drip irrigation device is communicated with a liquid storage pool in the greenhouse and supplies liquid to the strong watermelon seedlings, and the liquid storage pool contains nutrient solution;
(5) and (3) measuring seepage: and (3) carrying out drip irrigation on the strong watermelon seedlings every day to ensure that the bottom of the planting groove with the holes is provided with percolate with the thickness of 2-3cm, and measuring the conductivity and the pH value of the percolate in the planting groove with the holes every 10-15 days until the conductivity and the pH value are measured before harvesting.
(6) Branch and vine finishing: when the strong watermelon seedlings grow to two vines or three vines or more, one plant is reserved as a main vine, 1-2 plants are reserved as side vines, and the other vines can be removed.
Further, the sandy soil culture medium consists of sandy soil, farmyard manure, straws and a nutrient, wherein the adding proportion of the sandy soil, the farmyard manure, the straws and the nutrient is 48-55%: 20-25%: 20-25%: 2-5%, wherein the sandy soil is coarse sand with the grain diameter of 1.5-4 mm.
Further, the nutrient comprises ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate and ammonium phosphate, and the concentration ratio of the nutrient to the ammonium nitrate is 2:2: 1.
Further, the nutrient solution comprises the following components in percentage by concentration: 826mg/L of calcium nitrate, 607mg/L of potassium sulfate, 53mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 370mg/L of ammonium phosphate and 181mg/L of monopotassium phosphate.
Further, drip irrigation the device and include burette, dripper, self priming pump, the dripper pass through the burette with self priming pump is connected.
Further, in the step (5), 1-3 drip irrigation times are required for 1 day.
Further, in the step (5), the concentration of the percolate in the seedling stage is maintained at the conductivity of 1.5-2ms/cm, the conductivity of the percolate is controlled at 2-3ms/cm from flowering to 1 week before harvesting, and the pH value in the whole growth stage is controlled at 6-6.8.
Furthermore, the height of the planting groove with the holes is 50-55cm, and the planting groove with the holes is of an inverted trapezoidal structure.
Further, the thickness of the plastic film is 0.2 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the method, the watermelon is planted in a sand culture mode, and the local agricultural wastes are adopted as the sand soil matrix, so that the planting quality of the watermelon is effectively improved, the economic benefit of the watermelon planting is improved, the agricultural wastes can be effectively utilized, the local agricultural wastes are recycled, and the production cost is reduced.
2. The sandy soil culture substrate is composed of sandy soil, farmyard manure, straw and a nutritional agent, is relatively clean, has good sandy soil permeability and can reduce and avoid the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests.
3. The invention adopts nutrient solution during drip irrigation, can effectively ensure that the sandy soil culture substrate lacks nutrient elements necessary for plant growth, improves the survival rate of strong seedlings of the sand-cultured watermelons, and can effectively solve the problems of salinization and acidification of greenhouse soil and reduction of nutrient components.
4. The invention adopts the drip irrigation device, the nutrient solution in the liquid storage tank flows into the drip irrigation device through the self-priming pump, and is dripped into the sandy soil culture substrate around the plant by the dripper for absorption and utilization, thereby saving agricultural water and simultaneously achieving better liquid supply effect.
5. According to the invention, the sandy soil culture medium is coated with 8-10cm of sand, so that the soil moisture preservation effect of the medium can be effectively increased, and the production cost of watermelon planting is indirectly reduced.
6. In the branch and vine management process, the main vine is reserved, and 1-2 plant lateral vines are reserved, so that the plant leaf amount of the plant can be effectively increased, the capacity of the plant for producing photosynthetic products is improved, the accumulation of the photosynthetic products of the plant is increased, and the yield of watermelons is favorably improved.
7. The invention can realize high-yield, high-quality and large-scale production of the sand-cultured watermelons.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1 cultivation method of watermelon by sand culture
(1) Preparing a substrate: placing 4 groups of planting grooves with holes, which have the same length as the greenhouse, in the greenhouse, firstly paving 1 layer of plastic film in the planting grooves with holes, wherein the thickness of the plastic film is 0.2cm, then filling 583kg of sandy soil culture medium with the thickness of 40cm into all the planting grooves with holes, and then uniformly covering 10cm of sand on the sandy soil culture medium; the adding proportion of sandy soil, farmyard manure, straw and nutrient in the sandy soil culture medium is 55%: 20%: 23%: 2 percent of sandy soil 320.65kg, farmyard manure 116.6kg, straw 134.09kg and nutrient 11.66L, wherein the sandy soil is coarse sand with the grain diameter of 1.5-3mm, and the nutrient is prepared by 0.5g/L ammonium nitrate, 0.5g/L potassium sulfate, 0.25g/L ammonium phosphate and water;
(2) culturing strong seedlings: placing the watermelon seeds exposed to white in seedling cultivation hole trays of a greenhouse, adding soil to seal the sowed seedling cultivation hole trays, thoroughly watering the seedling cultivation hole trays with water, covering 1 layer of plastic film on the seedling cultivation hole trays, uncovering the plastic film on the day and night, and obtaining strong watermelon seedlings capable of being transplanted when the watermelon seedlings grow and have 2-3 true leaves;
(3) transplanting and field planting: transplanting and planting the strong watermelon seedlings in planting grooves with holes in a greenhouse, planting 2 rows of strong watermelon seedlings in each planting groove with a plant spacing of 40cm, and thoroughly watering the strong watermelon seedlings and a surrounding sandy soil culture medium after planting;
(4) drip irrigation and liquid supply: placing a drip irrigation device on a perforated planting groove transplanted with strong watermelon seedlings in a greenhouse, wherein the drip irrigation device comprises a water dropper, a drip irrigation head and a self-sucking pump, each strong watermelon seedling in the groove corresponds to one water dropper, the drip irrigation device is communicated with a liquid storage pool in the greenhouse to supply liquid to the strong watermelon seedlings, and the liquid storage pool contains nutrient solution which is prepared from 82.60g of calcium nitrate, 60.70g of potassium sulfate, 5.30g of ammonium nitrate, 37.00g of ammonium phosphate, 18.10g of monopotassium phosphate and 100L of water;
(5) and (3) measuring seepage: and (3) carrying out drip irrigation on the strong watermelon seedlings every day, so that a water accumulation layer with the thickness of 2cm is formed at the bottom of the planting groove with the holes, stopping the drip irrigation, only carrying out drip irrigation for 1 time every day, and measuring the conductivity and the pH value of the percolate in the planting groove with the holes in the greenhouse every 15 days.
(6) Branch and vine finishing: when the watermelon seedlings grow to have three vines, one plant is reserved as a main vine, 2 plants are reserved as lateral vines, and the other branches and vines can be removed.
Example 2 cultivation method of watermelon by sand culture
(1) Preparing a substrate: placing 4 groups of planting grooves with holes, which have the same length as the greenhouse, in the greenhouse, firstly paving 1 layer of plastic film in the planting grooves with holes, wherein the thickness of the plastic film is 0.2cm, then filling 612kg of sandy soil culture medium with the thickness of 38cm into all the planting grooves with holes, and then uniformly covering 9cm of sand on the sandy soil culture medium; wherein, the sand soil culture medium comprises 51 percent of sand soil, farmyard manure, straw and nutrient: 25%: 20%: 4 percent of sandy soil 312.12kg, farmyard manure 153.00kg, straw 122.40kg and nutrient 24.48L, wherein the sandy soil is coarse sand with the grain diameter of 2-4mm, and the nutrient is prepared by 0.5g/L ammonium nitrate, 0.5g/L potassium sulfate, 0.25g/L ammonium phosphate and water;
(2) culturing strong seedlings: placing the watermelon seeds exposed to white in seedling cultivation hole trays of a greenhouse, adding soil to seal the sowed seedling cultivation hole trays, thoroughly watering the seedling cultivation hole trays with water, covering 1 layer of plastic film on the seedling cultivation hole trays, uncovering the plastic film on the day and night, and obtaining strong watermelon seedlings capable of being transplanted when the watermelon seedlings grow and have 2-3 true leaves;
(3) transplanting and field planting: transplanting and planting the strong watermelon seedlings in planting grooves with holes in a greenhouse, planting 2 rows of strong watermelon seedlings in each planting groove with a plant spacing of 45cm, and thoroughly watering the strong watermelon seedlings and a surrounding sandy soil culture medium after planting;
(4) drip irrigation and liquid supply: placing a drip irrigation device on a perforated planting groove transplanted with strong watermelon seedlings in a greenhouse, wherein the drip irrigation device comprises a water dropper, a drip irrigation head and a self-sucking pump, each strong watermelon seedling in the groove corresponds to one water dropper, the drip irrigation device is communicated with a liquid storage pool in the greenhouse and supplies liquid to the strong watermelon seedlings, and the liquid storage pool contains nutrient solution which is prepared from 90.86g of calcium nitrate, 66.77g of potassium sulfate, 5.83g of ammonium nitrate, 40.70g of ammonium phosphate, 19.91g of monopotassium phosphate and 110L of water;
(5) and (3) measuring seepage: and (3) carrying out drip irrigation on the strong watermelon seedlings every day, so that a water accumulation layer with the thickness of 2cm is arranged at the bottom of the planting groove with the holes, stopping the drip irrigation, carrying out the drip irrigation only 2 times every day, and measuring the conductivity and the pH value of the percolate in the planting groove with the holes in the greenhouse every 13 days.
(6) Branch and vine finishing: when the watermelon seedlings grow to have three vines, one plant is reserved as a main vine, 2 plants are reserved as lateral vines, and the other branches and vines can be removed.
Example 3A method for cultivating watermelon by sand culture
(1) Preparing a substrate: placing 5 groups of planting grooves with holes, which have the same length as the greenhouse, in the greenhouse, paving 2 layers of plastic films in the planting grooves with holes, wherein the thickness of the plastic films is 0.2cm, filling 609kg of sandy soil culture medium with the thickness of 36cm into all the planting grooves with holes, and then uniformly covering 10cm of sand on the sandy soil culture medium; wherein the sand soil culture medium comprises 48% of sand soil, farmyard manure, straw and nutrient in proportion: 22%: 25%: 5 percent of sandy soil 292.32kg, farmyard manure 133.98kg, straw 152.25kg and nutritional agent 30.45L, wherein the sandy soil is coarse sand with the grain diameter of 2-4mm, and the nutritional agent is prepared by 0.5g/L ammonium nitrate, 0.5g/L potassium sulfate, 0.25g/L ammonium phosphate and water;
(2) culturing strong seedlings: placing the watermelon seeds exposed to white in seedling cultivation hole trays of a greenhouse, adding soil to seal the sowed seedling cultivation hole trays, thoroughly watering the seedling cultivation hole trays with water, covering 1 layer of plastic film on the seedling cultivation hole trays, uncovering the plastic film on the day and night, and obtaining strong watermelon seedlings capable of being transplanted when the watermelon seedlings grow and have 2-3 true leaves;
(3) transplanting and field planting: transplanting and planting the strong watermelon seedlings in planting grooves with holes in a greenhouse, planting 2 rows of strong watermelon seedlings in each planting groove, wherein the planting distance is 50cm, and thoroughly watering the strong watermelon seedlings and a surrounding sandy soil culture medium after planting;
(4) drip irrigation and liquid supply: placing a drip irrigation device on a perforated planting groove transplanted with strong watermelon seedlings in a greenhouse, wherein the drip irrigation device comprises a water dropper, a drip irrigation head and a self-sucking pump, each strong watermelon seedling in the groove corresponds to one water dropper, the drip irrigation device is communicated with a liquid storage pool in the greenhouse and supplies liquid to the strong watermelon seedlings, and the liquid storage pool contains nutrient solution which is prepared from 74.34g of calcium nitrate, 57.67g of potassium sulfate, 5.035g of ammonium nitrate, 35.15g of ammonium phosphate, 17.19g of monopotassium phosphate and 95L of water;
(5) and (3) measuring seepage: and (3) carrying out drip irrigation on the strong watermelon seedlings every day, so that a water accumulation layer with the thickness of 2cm is formed at the bottom of the planting groove with the holes, stopping the drip irrigation, carrying out the drip irrigation only 2 times every day, and measuring the conductivity and the pH value of the percolate in the planting groove with the holes in the greenhouse every 12 days.
(6) Branch and vine finishing: when the watermelon seedlings grow to have three vines, one plant is reserved as a main vine, 2 plants are reserved as lateral vines, and the other branches and vines can be removed.
Table 1 shows the statistical results of the data in the implementation steps of the sand-culture watermelon planting method in examples 1-3:
from the data, the survival rates of the seedlings are higher in examples 1-3, the conductivity of the exudate in the seedling stage and the conductivity of the exudate before flowering and harvesting meet the requirements, and the sweetness value of the watermelon is more than 10%; the drip irrigation system supplies nutrient solution, so that the survival rate of strong seedlings of the sand-cultured watermelons is improved, and the problems of salinization and acidification of greenhouse soil and reduction of nutrient components can be effectively solved.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limitative, and the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments only. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and equivalent arrangements may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and it is intended to cover the appended claims in their entireties.
Claims (9)
1. A method for cultivating a sand-culture watermelon is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a substrate: placing a planting groove with holes in a greenhouse, firstly paving 1-2 layers of plastic films in the planting groove with holes, then filling a sandy soil culture medium with the thickness of 30-40cm into the planting groove with holes, and then uniformly covering 8-10cm of sand on the sandy soil culture medium;
(2) culturing strong seedlings: placing the watermelon seeds exposed to the white in seedling culture hole trays of the greenhouse, adding soil into the seedling culture hole trays, sealing the seedling culture hole trays, watering the seedling culture hole trays thoroughly with water, covering 1 layer of plastic film, and obtaining strong watermelon seedlings capable of being transplanted when the watermelon seedlings grow and have 2-3 true leaves;
(3) transplanting and field planting: transplanting and planting the strong watermelon seedlings in the planting grooves with holes, planting 2 rows of strong watermelon seedlings in each planting groove with holes, wherein the plant spacing is 40-50cm, and watering the strong watermelon seedlings thoroughly after planting;
(4) drip irrigation and liquid supply: placing a drip irrigation device in the planting groove with the holes, in which the strong watermelon seedlings are transplanted, wherein the drip irrigation device is communicated with a liquid storage pool in the greenhouse and supplies liquid to the strong watermelon seedlings, and the liquid storage pool contains nutrient solution;
(5) and (3) measuring seepage: and (3) carrying out drip irrigation on the strong watermelon seedlings every day to ensure that the bottom of the planting groove with the holes is provided with percolate with the thickness of 2-3cm, and measuring the conductivity and the pH value of the percolate in the planting groove with the holes every 10-15 days until the conductivity and the pH value are measured before harvesting.
(6) Branch and vine finishing: when the strong watermelon seedlings grow to two vines or three vines or more, one plant is reserved as a main vine, 1-2 plants are reserved as side vines, and the other vines can be removed.
2. The method for cultivating the sand-culture watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the sandy soil culture medium consists of sandy soil, farmyard manure, straws and a nutrient, wherein the adding proportion of the sandy soil, the farmyard manure, the straws and the nutrient is 48-55%: 20-25%: 20-25%: 2-5%, wherein the sandy soil is coarse sand with the grain diameter of 1.5-4 mm.
3. The method for cultivating the sand-culture watermelons according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the nutrient comprises ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate and ammonium phosphate, and the concentration ratio of the ammonium nitrate to the potassium sulfate to the ammonium phosphate is 2:2: 1.
4. The method for cultivating the sand-culture watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the nutrient solution comprises the following components in percentage by concentration: 826mg/L of calcium nitrate, 607mg/L of potassium sulfate, 53mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 370mg/L of ammonium phosphate and 181mg/L of monopotassium phosphate.
5. The method for cultivating the sand-culture watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the drip irrigation device comprises a dropper, a dropper and a self-priming pump, wherein the dropper is connected with the self-priming pump through the dropper.
6. The method for cultivating the sand-culture watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (5), 1-3 times of drip irrigation is needed in 1 day.
7. The method for cultivating the sand-culture watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (5), the concentration of the exudate in the seedling stage is maintained at 1.5-2ms/cm, the electrical conductivity of the exudate is controlled at 2-3ms/cm from flowering to 1 week before harvesting, and the pH value in the whole growth period is controlled at 6-6.8.
8. The method for cultivating the sand-culture watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the height of the planting groove with the holes is 50-55cm, and the planting groove with the holes is of an inverted trapezoidal structure.
9. The method for cultivating the sand-culture watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the thickness of the plastic film is 0.2 cm.
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