CN111972204A - Novel method for cultivating blueberries by using vertical root control container - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating blueberries in a novel vertical root-controlled container. The vinyl chloride plate is formed into a cylinder with a diameter of 45 to 55 cm and a height of 25 to 35 cm. The upper and lower openings are opened, and the overlapping parts are fixed with screws to form a root-controlling cultivation container. After mixing the acid peat, coconut bran, garden soil and organic fertilizer evenly Sieve to obtain a cultivation substrate, and put it into a root-controlled cultivation container, and the substrate is equal to the container mouth; For root ventilation, choose cloudy or sunny afternoons for planting, and cover the entire root system; the planting density is 2.4-2.6 meters in row spacing and 1.4-1.6 meters in plant spacing. Suspended drip irrigation is prepared, and water and fertilizer are supplemented during the long-term growth of new shoots and the period of fruit expansion. The size of the blueberry plant, the size of the leaf and the yield of the blueberry cultivated in the container by the method of the present invention are all significantly improved.

Description

A new method for cultivating blueberries in a standing root-controlled container

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of blueberry cultivation, in particular to a novel method for cultivating blueberry in a standing root-controlled container.

Background technique

Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), also known as bilberry, is a fruit tree species with high economic value and broad prospects because of its unique fruit flavor, rich nutrition, and strong antioxidant capacity. In recent years, relevant scientific research institutions in my country have successively carried out blueberry introduction plans, introducing a large number of high-quality and high-yield blueberry varieties from abroad, filling the gap of blueberry varieties in my country and promoting the development of my country's blueberry cultivation industry. After years of development, the main contradiction in the blueberry industry has changed from insufficient production capacity to a structural contradiction in supply. Farmers lack systematic planning and mature technical guidance for planting, and blindly follow up and suffer economic losses. At present, blueberry cultivation has a low degree of mechanization and is a labor-intensive industry. Combined with the current problems of aging population and labor shortage, blueberry orchards urgently need to introduce new cultivation management technologies that save labor and time, low investment and high output efficiency.

The publication number is "CN11095515 A", and the name of the invention is "A novel soilless medium cultivation method for blueberries", which discloses a novel soilless cultivation method for blueberries. Includes container selection, media selection (peat, perlite and vermiculite) and supporting drip irrigation facilities. Blueberries are shallow-rooted plants, and the root system is vertically distributed at 5cm-30cm. In this patent, the diameter of the root-controlling container is large, which brings inconvenience to plant movement or management. Excessive container cultivation should be avoided in production. And blueberry is a calcium-phobic plant, and calcium-containing substrates such as lime perlite should be avoided as much as possible. Therefore, the invention patent is not suitable for large-scale commercial cultivation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Purpose of the invention: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method that can enhance the growth potential and reduce the cultivation cost in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is as follows:

A novel method for cultivating blueberries in a stand-type root-controlled container, comprising the following steps:

(1) Land preparation: weeding and turning the soil on the nursery plot and digging trenches, the border surface is flat, and the border width is 60-90cm;

(2) Production of root control container: The rectangular PVC plate with ventilation holes on the surface is circled into a cylinder with a diameter of 45-55 cm and a height of 25-35 cm, the upper and lower openings are opened, and the overlapping parts are fixed with screws to make root control cultivation container;

(3) matrix preparation: sieve after acid peat, coconut bran, garden soil and organic fertilizer are mixed well, obtain cultivation matrix, and pack into control root cultivation container, matrix and container mouth are equal;

(4) Plant selection: Choose three-year-old blueberry seedlings with a root ball diameter of about 14-16 cm. Before planting, put the container in the place where the soil is to be loosened to increase the permeability of the root system. Choose cloudy or sunny afternoons for planting and cover the entire root system;

(5) Colonization and management: The planting density is 2.4-2.6 meters in row spacing and 1.4-1.6 meters in plant spacing. Suspended drip irrigation is prepared, and water and fertilizer are supplemented during the long-term growth of new shoots and the period of fruit expansion.

Further, also include step (6) pollination and flower thinning and fruit thinning: adopt insect pollination or artificially assisted pollination, remove redundant weak flowers on the branches, so that the number of flowers on each branch is no more than 20, and after the flowers are withered and fruit set, each branch is Keep no more than 12 blueberries to reduce nutrient consumption and increase fruit volume.

Further, it also includes step (7) agricultural prevention and control: after the field planting, the ground is covered with a black and water-permeable mulch film to reduce the incidence of weeds in the field; after the drip irrigation is installed, the covering thickness on the upper surface of the container is 3-5cm pine needles, keeping the matrix. Humidity can inhibit the growth of weeds in the container; finally, simple equipment such as black light trapping, hanging sticky yellow boards, flashing bird-proof belts and gauze nets are installed to reduce the harm of pests and diseases and birds eating fruits.

Specifically, in step (2), the diameter of the ventilation holes on the polyvinyl chloride plate is 1.0-2.0 mm, which reduces root rot and controls root growth.

Specifically, in step (3), the cultivating medium is obtained by mixing acidic peat, coconut chaff, garden soil and organic fertilizer according to a volume ratio of 5:2:2:1; It is obtained by mixing % white peat and 30% black peat, the pH value is 5.5-6.0, and the EC value is 0.4-0.6 mS/cm. Blueberry roots like an acidic environment, and controlling the pH value is suitable for the growth of blueberry roots.

Described organic fertilizer is mainly decomposed cow dung and/or sheep dung organic fertilizer.

Preferably, in step (5), hanging drip irrigation is used to keep the relative soil humidity at 55-65%. If the humidity is too high, the development of the blueberry root system will be hindered, and the roots will rot in severe cases, so the humidity should not be too high.

Preferably, in step (5), the supplemented water and fertilizer adopts functional water-soluble fertilizer, such as humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, amino acid water-soluble fertilizer or biological organic water-soluble fertilizer, etc., which can quickly provide nutrients required for blueberry growth

Beneficial effects:

The method of the invention maintains the cultivation substrate to reach a suitable pH value by adjusting the ratio of the cultivation substrate, and has the characteristics of high porosity, strong ventilation and drainage capacity, good plant growth and the like. Significant improvement, such as the "sweet heart" variety, the plant height increased by 28.5% compared with the control, and the yield per plant increased by 59.8%. At the same time, combined with the integrated technology of water and fertilizer for blueberries, it can precisely control the nutrients required by blueberries to ensure the consistency of the growth rate of blueberries. Combined with measures such as covering the surface of the substrate with pine needles and laying mulch on the ground, the number of irrigations was reduced from 20 to 6, and the cost of weed control was also significantly reduced. Therefore, the method can not only reduce the input of manpower and material resources in the improvement of blueberry rhizosphere soil, but also can improve its yield and economic benefit in facility cultivation, and provide a new standardized cultivation management method for the efficient cultivation of blueberry.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and the advantages of the above-mentioned and/or other aspects of the present invention will become clearer.

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the present invention's standing root-controlled container cultivation blueberry.

Figure 2 is an effect diagram of the present invention's standing root-controlled container for cultivating blueberries.

Detailed ways

The present invention can be better understood from the following examples.

Example

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the method for cultivating blueberry in the new vertical root-controlled container specifically includes:

a. Land preparation: Weed and turn over the soil for the nursery and dig trenches. The border surface is flat and the border width is about 60-90cm.

b. Production of root control container: The rectangular PVC plate with several ventilation holes on the surface is circled into a cylinder with a diameter of 50cm and a height of 30cm.

c. Matrix preparation: The matrix components are peat, coconut bran, garden soil and organic fertilizer, and the formula ratio (by volume) is 5:2:2:1. The peat uses 70% white peat + 30% black peat, the pH value is controlled to be 5.5 to 6.0, and the EC value is 0.4 to 0.6 mS/cm. After mixing well, sieve to remove the larger stone impurities.

d. Plant selection: Choose three-year-old blueberry seedlings with a root ball diameter of about 15cm, and properly loosen the soil where the container is to be placed before planting to increase root ventilation. Choose cloudy or sunny afternoon for planting, one per pot, and the whole root system is covered.

e. Colonization and management: The planting density is 2.5 meters between rows and 1.5 meters between plants. After the plants are planted, adjust the ratio and application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, topdressing and watering according to the requirements and growth conditions of each developmental period. Combination; preparation of hanging drip irrigation, timely and appropriate watering according to the dryness of the substrate, to keep the soil moist, and the relative soil humidity to be maintained at about 60%. Sufficient water and fertilizer are added during the long-term growth of new shoots and the period of fruit expansion.

f. Pollination and flower thinning and fruit thinning: In addition to insect pollination, artificially assisted pollination can also be used, and a clean and moist fine brush is used to gently dip the anthers in the flowers of pollinated varieties. Dip several flowers and use the brush to lightly touch the stigma of the flowers of the pollinated variety. The corolla gradually falls off naturally, and the receptacle is green, fresh, and hard to grow into fruit, indicating successful pollination. Remove excess and weak flowers from branches that are too densely blooming, so that the number of flowers on each branch does not exceed 20. After the flowers fade and set fruit, each branch retains about 10 blueberries.

g. Agricultural control: Blueberry has fewer diseases and insect pests. If a small amount occurs, physical or biological control methods should be used as much as possible. For example, the surface of the substrate is covered with 3-5cm thick pine needles to reduce weeds, and the ground is covered with black plastic film with good water permeability; black light and sweet and sour liquid are used to trap and kill insects; gauze, etc., to reduce the damage of pests and weeds and the harm of birds eating fruits.

Comparative ratio

The comparative example adopts the method of open field cultivation of blueberries, and the steps are basically the same as those of the container cultivation in the embodiment, the only difference is that the blueberries are planted in the field, and there is no container enclosure beside the root system.

Table 1 shows the comparison of field growth parameters and management costs of "sweet heart" varieties in the northern high bush for 8 months (March-October); Comparison of field growth parameters and management costs of "Tianhou" varieties.

Table 1

Table 2

From the data in Table 1 and Table 2, it can be seen that compared with the open field cultivation control, the size of the blueberry plant, leaf size and yield of container cultivation have been significantly improved. For example, the plant height of the "Sweet Heart" variety container cultivation has increased by 28.5% compared with the control. , the yield per plant increased by 59.8%. It can be seen that container cultivation has a greater impact on blueberry growth, which may be because the root control container has better ventilation and water permeability. The use of container ventilation holes can adjust the growth and dynamic balance of the aboveground and underground parts of seedlings, and correct the root deformity problem caused by ordinary container seedlings. Through the combination of plastic film, pine needle mulching and drip irrigation, the number of irrigations has been reduced from 20 to 6, and the cost of weed control has also been significantly reduced. It can reduce the input of manpower and material resources in the improvement of blueberry rhizosphere soil, and improve its yield and economic benefits in facility cultivation. The method of the invention maintains the suitable pH value of the cultivation substrate by adjusting the ratio of the cultivation substrate, and has the characteristics of high porosity, strong ventilation and drainage capacity, etc., and combined with the blueberry water and fertilizer integration technology, the nutrient components required by the blueberry can be accurately controlled, and the blueberry can be guaranteed. Growth rate consistency and weed control.

The present invention provides the idea and method of a novel method for cultivating blueberries in a vertical root-controlled container. There are many specific methods and approaches for realizing the technical solution. The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. All components not specified in this embodiment can be implemented by existing technologies.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of method of novel vertical type root control container cultivation blueberry, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: (1) Land preparation: weeding and turning the soil on the nursery plot and digging trenches, the border surface is flat, and the border width is 60-90cm; (2) Production of root control container: The rectangular PVC plate with ventilation holes on the surface is circled into a cylinder with a diameter of 45-55 cm and a height of 25-35 cm, the upper and lower openings are opened, and the overlapping parts are fixed with screws to make root control cultivation container; (3) matrix preparation: sieve after acid peat, coconut bran, garden soil and organic fertilizer are mixed well, obtain cultivation matrix, and pack into control root cultivation container, matrix and container mouth are equal; (4) Plant selection: Choose three-year-old blueberry seedlings with a root ball diameter of about 14-16 cm. Before planting, put the container in the place where the soil is to be loosened to increase the permeability of the root system. Choose cloudy or sunny afternoons for planting and cover the entire root system; (5) Colonization and management: The planting density is 2.4-2.6 meters in row spacing and 1.4-1.6 meters in plant spacing. Suspended drip irrigation is prepared, and water and fertilizer are supplemented during the long-term growth of new shoots and the period of fruit expansion. 2. the method for novel vertical root control container cultivation blueberry according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises: Step (6) pollination and flower thinning and fruit thinning: use insect pollination or artificially assisted pollination to remove redundant weak flowers on the branches, so that the number of flowers on each branch is no more than 20, and after the flowers fade and fruit set, each branch retains no more than 12 Blueberry fruit. 3. the method for novel vertical root control container cultivation blueberry according to claim 2, is characterized in that, also comprises: Step (7) Agricultural control: after planting, the ground is covered with black and water-permeable plastic film to reduce the incidence of weeds in the field; after drip irrigation is installed, the upper surface of the container is covered with a thickness of 3-5cm pine needles, maintaining the substrate humidity and suppressing the container. Weeds grow inside; finally, black light trapping, hanging armyworm yellow boards, flashing bird-proof belts and gauze installations are carried out to reduce the harm of pests and diseases and birds eating fruits. 4 . The method for cultivating blueberries in a novel vertical root-controlling container according to claim 1 , wherein in step (2), the vent holes on the polyvinyl chloride plate have a diameter of 1.0-2.0 mm. 5 . 5. the method for novel vertical root control container cultivation blueberry according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), described cultivation substrate adopts acid peat, coconut palm chaff, garden soil and organic fertilizer to mix according to volume ratio 5:2:2:1 is obtained after stirring and mixing; the acid peat is obtained by mixing 70% white peat and 30% black peat by mass fraction, the pH value is 5.5-6.0, and the EC value is 0.4-0.6mS/cm. 6 . The method for cultivating blueberries in a novel vertical root-controlled container according to claim 1 , wherein in step (5), hanging drip irrigation is adopted to keep the relative soil humidity at 55-65%. 7 . 7. the method for cultivating blueberry in novel vertical root-controlling container according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (5), the supplemented water and fertilizer adopts functional water-soluble fertilizer, including humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, amino acid Any one or two or more of water-soluble fertilizers or biological organic water-soluble fertilizers.

Images