CN114342730A - Method for regulating flowering phase of ornamental peach trees in south China - Google Patents
Method for regulating flowering phase of ornamental peach trees in south China Download PDFInfo
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- CN114342730A CN114342730A CN202210150579.4A CN202210150579A CN114342730A CN 114342730 A CN114342730 A CN 114342730A CN 202210150579 A CN202210150579 A CN 202210150579A CN 114342730 A CN114342730 A CN 114342730A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of peach tree flowering phase regulation and control, and provides a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of ornamental peach trees in south regions, which comprises the following steps: step 1, before and after spring festival, branch buds of ornamental peach trees are grafted to current-year peach stocks as scions to obtain grafted seedlings and planting the grafted seedlings; step 2, after the peach tree survives, carrying out multiple peach tree shaping and pruning; step 3, field management and pest management; step 4, promoting leaf falling by using monopotassium phosphate and urea, diluting until the concentration is about 2% after mixing according to a ratio of 4:1, continuously spraying for 2 times at intervals of 7 days, digging out the peach potted plant after roots of field soil are cut off when 90% of leaves of the peach tree fall, moving the peach tree potted plant to a cold storage, and gradually reducing the temperature to below 7 ℃ in a mode of reducing 2 ℃ every day; and 5, taking out the flower from the warehouse one month before the flowering phase, and moving the flower to a greenhouse for raising the temperature after the flower is taken out from the warehouse. The method of the invention effectively regulates and controls the flowering period of the ornamental peach tree, reduces the regulation and control cost, and can realize that the peach blossom bonsai is on the market from 12 months to 5 months in the next year.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of peach tree flowering phase regulation and control, and particularly relates to a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of ornamental peach trees in southern areas.
Background
Peach blossom is a popular ornamental flower and tree in spring, which is originally produced in China and is deeply loved by people, and has the reputation of 'Christmas tree in China'. The peach blossom cultivation in China has a history of more than 3000 years, particularly, after the peach blossom is reformed and opened, the peach blossom is widely applied to urban garden construction and rural tourism development in China, and more than 40 scenic spots exist in China to hold peach blossom knots in every spring.
In the prior art, the following steps are: generally, the flowering phase of peach flowers can be advanced or delayed for 3-6 days through hormone treatment; the greenhouse heating treatment is adopted, and the treatment can be only carried out 20-30 days in advance; breaking natural dormancy of the ornamental peach flowers by using a chemical method, regulating and controlling the flowering period of the ornamental peach flowers by combining technical measures of facility cultivation, and providing red and heavy-petal ornamental peach flowers for marketing in the spring festival period; the peach blossom can be flowered only 1-2 months ahead by pot culture, low-temperature refrigeration and heating treatment. These methods for regulating flowering phase are all high in cost. Therefore, a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of ornamental peach trees in southern areas is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of an ornamental peach tree in southern areas, so that peach flowers bloom 4 months earlier than the natural flowering phase at most, and the regulation and control cost of the flowering phase of the peach tree is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of ornamental peach trees in southern areas comprises the following steps:
step 1, before and after spring festival, branch buds of ornamental peach trees are grafted to current-year peach stocks as scions to obtain grafted seedlings and planting the grafted seedlings;
step 2, after the peach tree survives, carrying out multiple peach tree shaping and pruning;
step 3, field management and pest management;
step 4, using monopotassium phosphate and urea to promote leaf dropping, mixing according to a ratio of 4:1, diluting until the concentration is about 2%, continuously spraying for 2 times at intervals of 7 days, digging out the peach potted plant after roots of field soil are cut off when 90% of leaves of the peach tree drop, moving the peach tree potted plant to a cold storage, and gradually reducing the temperature according to a mode of reducing 2 ℃ every day until the temperature is reduced to below 7 ℃ to promote the peach tree to enter dormancy;
and 5, taking out the flower from the warehouse one month before the flowering phase, and moving the flower to a greenhouse for raising the temperature after the flower is taken out from the warehouse.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in step 1, the grafted seedlings are planted in non-woven bags or seedling pots with the caliber and the height of 40cm, the ground substance is selected from local loam and mixed with quicklime, the pH value of the soil is kept between 5 and 6, the seedling pots or non-woven bags are half buried under the ground after the grafted seedlings are planted, and the peripheral buried soil is planted in the open air with the depth of 20 cm.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mass ratio of the local soil to the quicklime is 20: 1.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step 2, the first shaping and pruning is carried out in the beginning of the fourth month to remove the tillering and redundant branches of the root system, 3 to 4 main branches are reserved according to the tree form and are cultured into main branches; and (4) pruning for the second time in the middle ten days of June, removing the sprouts at the lower parts of the trees, and then cutting off the main branches to 20 cm.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention paclobutrazol is applied 2 times each in june and august at a concentration of 1000 mg/l.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in step 3, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or compound fertilizer with the concentration of 2% is sprayed during field management.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in step 4, the temperature of the refrigeration house is maintained between 5 and 6 ℃, the warehousing and ex-warehouse time is determined according to the cold demand of the variety and the market flowering demand, and the dormancy time of the potted peach tree stored in the refrigeration house is not more than 1 month at most.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in step 5, the flowering time is adjusted according to actual requirements, or the flowering time is adjusted by spraying low-concentration gibberellin, wherein the flowering time is inaccurate due to the change of the temperature of the sunlight greenhouse or the greenhouse.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in step 5, gibberellin is sprayed at 20-40 mg/L in the bud germination stage after ex-warehouse.
The principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: (1) the container planting is equal to root-limiting cultivation, the tree vigor can be effectively controlled to increase the flower bud amount of the tree body, the peach tree can grow better after the soil pH value is adjusted, the suitable pH value of the peach tree is 5-6, the seedling pot is half buried underground, the watering frequency and the moisture adjustment can be effectively reduced, the seedling lifting and carrying are convenient compared with the case that the peach tree is completely buried underground, non-woven fabrics or the seedling pot are provided with holes, part of tree roots can penetrate through the container to be rooted underground, nutrients and moisture are absorbed, the roots can be cut off when the seedling is lifted, and the growth and the flowering of the tree body cannot be influenced.
(2) The cost of the sunlight greenhouse or the greenhouse is low, the shortage that the temperature cannot be strictly controlled can be made up by spraying the medicament, if the intelligent greenhouse capable of accurately controlling the temperature is used, the high cost is needed, the cost of the common sunlight greenhouse or the greenhouse per mu is within 2 ten thousand yuan through measurement and calculation, the assembly and disassembly are relatively flexible, and the cost of the intelligent temperature facility per mu is more than 6 ten thousand yuan.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
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The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for regulating flowering phase of ornamental peach trees in southern areas according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "vertical", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it is to be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, a communication between two elements, a direct connection, or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, and specific meanings of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The application provides a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of ornamental peach trees in south regions, which aims to regulate and control the flowering phase of ornamental peach trees in south regions and reduce the regulation and control cost of the flowering phase of peach trees. Substantially as shown in figure 1, comprising the steps of:
in the step 1, the method comprises the following steps of,
before and after the spring festival, the current-year southern wild peach stock is used as a stock, the branch bud of an ornamental peach tree is used as a scion, the scion is grafted onto the stock to obtain a grafted seedling, the grafted seedling is planted in a non-woven bag with the caliber height of 40cm, the ground substance is obtained by mixing local loam with quicklime (the ratio is 20:1), the pH value of the soil is kept between 5 and 6, (the soil in the Fujian local area is acidic, the pH value of the soil in some paddy fields is about 3), after planting, the seedling pot or the non-woven bag is half-buried (the peripheral buried depth is 20 cm) underground, and is cultivated in the open air (because the peach tree is a wild peach species, the open air cultivation is beneficial to the survival and growth of the peach tree at the early stage), normal water management is performed, and the survival of the tree is ensured.
The container planting is equal to root-limiting cultivation, the tree vigor can be effectively controlled to increase the flower bud amount of the tree body, the peach tree can grow better after the soil pH value is adjusted, the suitable pH value of the peach tree is 5-6, the seedling pot is half buried underground, the watering frequency and the moisture adjustment can be effectively reduced, the seedling lifting and carrying are convenient compared with the case that the peach tree is completely buried underground, non-woven fabrics or the seedling pot are provided with holes, part of tree roots can penetrate through the container to be rooted underground, nutrients and moisture are absorbed, the roots can be cut off when the seedling is lifted, and the growth and the blooming of the tree body cannot be influenced.
In the step 2, the step of mixing the raw materials,
the peach trees grow rapidly after survival, stock is tillered and tree body buds are more, first shaping and pruning are carried out at the beginning of the four months, root tillering and redundant branches are mainly removed, and 3-4 main branches are reserved according to tree forms and cultured into main branches.
And in the middle ten days of June, the second pruning is mainly to remove the sprouts at the lower parts of the trees, then the main branches are cut short to about 20cm, the germination of the buds at the base parts and the lower parts of the main branches and the side branches is promoted, then the branches can grow rapidly and form a plurality of flower buds through the growth of the later months, the flower bud amount can be effectively increased, the flower buds are compact and concentrated, and the ornamental value of the ornamental peach is increased in the next year. Spraying paclobutrazol for 2 times in June and August respectively, wherein the concentration is as follows: 1000 mg/L, control tree vigor, shorten internode length, and facilitate later modeling and increase flower bud density.
In the step 3, the step of,
the peach trees are normally managed in the field after being pruned, a certain amount of compound fertilizer (nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer or potassium fertilizer, any two or three of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer or the potassium fertilizer) is properly applied to promote the growth of the peach trees, monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 2% can be sprayed, the nutrient accumulation of the peach trees is facilitated, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, the management of plant diseases and insect pests is enhanced, particularly the prevention of the oriental fruit moths, the growth is influenced because the larvae can damage the top ends of the branch tips, and the prevention and the control can be carried out by using special disorientation silks.
In the step 4, the step of,
the method comprises the steps of adopting a medicament spraying method to promote the peach tree to fall leaves in advance so as to enter dormancy, carrying out calculation on the leaf falling promotion time according to the flowering time required by later specific projects and the cooling capacity required by peach tree varieties, spraying the medicament, mixing the medicaments according to a ratio of 4:1, diluting the mixture until the concentration is about 2%, spraying the mixture for 2 times at intervals of 7 days, digging out the peach tree from field soil after the root of the peach tree is cut off when 90% of the leaves of the peach tree fall, moving the peach tree to a cold storage, gradually reducing the temperature according to a mode of reducing the temperature by 2 degrees every day until the temperature is reduced to be below 7 degrees so as to promote the peach tree to enter dormancy, maintaining the temperature of the cold storage at 5-6 degrees, and determining warehousing and ex-warehousing time according to the cooling capacity required by the varieties and the market demand for flowering. The pot peach trees are stored in a general storehouse for dormancy for no more than 1 month at most.
In the step 5, the step of the method is that,
the time of delivery is determined according to the needs of the flowering phase, the greenhouse is delivered out of the house one month before the flowering phase, the greenhouse is moved into a greenhouse after delivery to raise the temperature, the temperature of the sunlight greenhouse or the greenhouse in most areas in province can reach about 20 ℃ in sunny days even in winter, and timely flowering is ensured. If the cold requirement of individual varieties is met, but the specific flowering time needs to be properly adjusted according to the actual requirements, or the flowering period is inaccurate due to the change of the temperature of a sunlight greenhouse or a greenhouse, certain hormones can be properly used for adjusting the flowering, and the low-concentration gibberellin is sprayed to effectively promote the flowering, for example: the gibberellin with the concentration of about 2 mg/L is sprayed, the effect taking time is fast, the gibberellin can bloom in half a month at most, and the gibberellin blooms neatly. Generally, the peach trees are in natural flowering due to severe temperature change, most of the flowers are opened in succession, the uniformity is low and is not more than 30% of the uniformity at most, the modes of promoting dormancy, increasing temperature after delivery and spraying medicaments are adopted, about 60% of the flowers can be simultaneously opened from the peach trees, the flowering uniformity is high, and the flowering time can be delayed by high-concentration gibberellin. Namely, gibberellin of 20-40 mg/L is sprayed in the bud germination stage after delivery from the warehouse, so that the flowering time can be delayed by about 5 days.
The cost of the sunlight greenhouse or the greenhouse is low, the shortage that the temperature cannot be strictly controlled can be made up by spraying the medicament, if the intelligent greenhouse capable of accurately controlling the temperature is used, the high cost is needed, the cost of the common sunlight greenhouse or the greenhouse is within 2 ten thousand yuan per mu through measurement and calculation, the assembly and disassembly are relatively flexible, and the cost of the intelligent temperature facility is more than 6 ten thousand yuan per mu.
In conclusion, compared with the greenhouse or the greenhouse in the prior art, the method is relatively simple to operate and low in cost, and is suitable for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of the peach tree ornamental peaches in southern areas, particularly in Fujian province.
In the description herein, reference to the description of the terms "preferred embodiment," "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example" or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of ornamental peach trees in southern areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, before and after spring festival, branch buds of ornamental peach trees are grafted to current-year peach stocks as scions to obtain grafted seedlings and planting the grafted seedlings;
step 2, after the peach tree survives, carrying out multiple peach tree shaping and pruning;
step 3, field management and pest management;
step 4, using monopotassium phosphate and urea to promote leaf dropping, mixing according to a ratio of 4:1, diluting until the concentration is about 2%, continuously spraying for 2 times at intervals of 7 days, digging out the peach potted plant after roots of field soil are cut off when 90% of leaves of the peach tree drop, moving the peach tree potted plant to a cold storage, and gradually reducing the temperature according to a mode of reducing 2 ℃ every day until the temperature is reduced to below 7 ℃ to promote the peach tree to enter dormancy;
and 5, taking out the flower from the warehouse one month before the flowering phase, and moving the flower to a greenhouse for raising the temperature after the flower is taken out from the warehouse.
2. The method for flowering-time control of ornamental peach trees in the south area according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the grafted seedlings are planted in non-woven bags or pots each having a diameter and height of 40cm, the substrate is selected from local loam and quicklime is mixed in to maintain the PH of the soil at 5 to 6, the pots or non-woven bags are half-buried under the ground after the grafted seedlings are planted, and the peripheral buried soil is planted in the open air at a depth of 20 cm.
3. The method for regulating flowering phase of ornamental peach trees in the south area as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of local soil to quicklime is 20: 1.
4. The method for regulating and controlling flowering phase of ornamental peach trees in south China according to claim 3, wherein in the step 2, first pruning is carried out at the beginning of the fourth month to remove tillering and redundant branches of roots, 3 to 4 main branches are reserved according to tree forms and are cultured into main branches; and (4) pruning for the second time in the middle ten days of June, removing the sprouts at the lower parts of the trees, and then cutting off the main branches to 20 cm.
5. The method for regulating flowering phase of ornamental peach trees in southern areas according to claim 4, wherein paclobutrazol is sprayed 2 times each in june and august at a concentration of: 1000 mg/l.
6. The method for regulating and controlling flowering phase of ornamental peach trees in the south area according to claim 5, wherein monopotassium phosphate or compound fertilizer with concentration of 2% is sprayed during field management in step 3.
7. The method for regulating and controlling flowering time of ornamental peach trees in the southern area as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the step 4, the temperature of a refrigeration house is maintained between 5 and 6 ℃, the time for entering and leaving the refrigeration house is determined according to the cold demand of varieties and the market flowering demand, and the dormancy time for storing potted peach trees in the refrigeration house is not more than 1 month at most.
8. The method for regulating and controlling the flowering time of ornamental peach trees in the south area according to claim 7, wherein in the step 5, the flowering time is properly adjusted according to actual needs, or the flowering time is adjusted by spraying low-concentration gibberellin when the flowering time is inaccurate due to the change of the temperature of a sunlight greenhouse or a greenhouse.
9. The method for regulating flowering phase of ornamental peach trees in the southern area as claimed in claim 8, wherein in step 5, gibberellin is sprayed at 20-40 mg/l in the sprouting phase of flower buds after delivery from the warehouse.
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