CN105309227A - A rotary flue-cured tobacco seedling culture device and a seedling culture method thereof - Google Patents
A rotary flue-cured tobacco seedling culture device and a seedling culture method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105309227A CN105309227A CN201510577640.3A CN201510577640A CN105309227A CN 105309227 A CN105309227 A CN 105309227A CN 201510577640 A CN201510577640 A CN 201510577640A CN 105309227 A CN105309227 A CN 105309227A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of modern high-efficiency agriculture and in particular provides a rotary flue-cured tobacco seedling culture device and a seedling culture method thereof. The rotary flue-cured tobacco seedling culture device comprises rotary frames driven by motors and speed reducers, seedling tray carriers connected with the rotary frames, and seedling culture floating trays arranged on the seedling tray carriers. Each rotary frame comprises fixing rods and rotary arms connected with the fixing rods through bolts. Each rotary frame is provided with six layers of the seedling tray carriers and five seedling culture floating trays are placed on each seedling tray carrier. Each set of motors and speed reducers can drive multiple sets of the seedling tray carriers and the driving is based on loose joint of the rotary arms. Every twelve seedling tray carriers form a set and are placed in a section of seedling culture pond. The seedling culture floating trays are made to change space continuously. The seedling culture floating trays placed on the seedling tray carriers enter the seedling culture pond at intervals through rotation so that seedlings can absorb nutrient elements in the seedling culture pond. The utilization rate of facilities is increased; dry and wet plantlet hardening is facilitated; the strong seedling rate is high, the operation cost is low and the comprehensive utilization is great.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to modern agriculture with high efficiency technical field, refer to a kind of rotary flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating device and seedling-cultivating method thereof especially.
Background technology
Along with the lasting propelling of modern tobacco agriculture, culture facility obtains very big improvement, but facility has high input in nursery work, booth utilization ratio is low, and sport technique segment is many, and administrative expenses are high, seedling raising greenhouse limited space, ventilation and penetrating light is not enough, lacks the problems such as the crucial supporting technology of complete strong seedling cultivation, seriously governs the target of current cured tobacco production strong seedling cultivation.
In addition, current chamber facility construction land occupation is many, occupation of land coordination difficulty is large, utilization ratio has much room for improvement.And improve the nursery scale ability of green house, be just equal to minimizing construction and take up an area, reduce engineering construction coordination difficulty, reducing the construction costs.And flue-cured tobacco main producing region mainly concentrates on Southwest Mountainous Areas, most Yan Qu soil is broken, the good soil resource in good field is nervous, but currently used green house construction, all the utilization ratio land occupations with 1:1, the good soil in still good field that even a lot of green house takies, virtually decreases agricultural production especially flue-bottomed tobacco land used, exposes the land conflict problem of Facilities Construction and agricultural production.How solving the occupation of land problem of industrialized agriculture, is the agricultural production especially general character difficult problem that faces of mountain area Facility Agriculture Development.
The development of three-dimensional seedling raising technology, booth three-dimensional seedling raising technology, namely based on plant equipment framework, under the microclimate conditions that green house is controlled, utilize the habit of growth of plant seedlings, utilize booth nature solid space substantially, realize the advantage of " take up an area less, account for sky more ".At present, booth three-dimensional seedling raising technology at home and abroad all widely uses, point disk seedling growing technology as three-dimensional in strawberry, the core of this technology adopts posture container substrate seedling, on the one hand, can improve the nursery quantity of booth unit are, on the other hand, also greatly Seedling Quality can be improved.On flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating, 2011, Xianfeng County, Hubei Province starts to promote " three-dimensional suspension type floating seedlings " project, suspension type is utilized to place nursery floating plate, the availability of booth is improve nearly 50%, this flue-cured tobacco suspension type three-dimensional seedling raising can make full use of raise seedling in greenhouse space, can cultivate again well developed root system, high-quality tobacco seedling that cane is sturdy; Xiangxi has designed and developed automated three-dimensional formula seedling system, adopts static Multilayer vertical culture facility equipment, can fully utilize booth space, improve its availability, achieve high efficiency nursery.But Most current booth three-dimensional seedling raising is still in the static schema stage, one large advantage of this pattern takes full advantage of booth nature solid space, save land resources (especially the few situation in ground, mountain area), and this static schema often exists, and illumination deficiency, local temperature are too high, ventilation is smooth, moisture nutriment distributes the defects such as irregular, thus cause that the Seedling Quality cultivated is lower, regularity is poor, availability is had a greatly reduced quality.
In Tobacco Seedlings cultivation work, hardening work is the important step of seedling growing process, and hardening can make cigarette seedling have certain drought-resistant ability, lays the first stone for growing under dry climatic condition later; How under green house condition, utilizing hardening facility, carry out seedling quality exercise, nurturing staff, is the problem demanding prompt solution in current leaf tobacco production.
Therefore, development trend booth three-dimensional seedling raising technology, makes the key elements such as light, temperature, water, fertilizer, gas be distributed equably, is the seedling growing process pattern of a kind of " intensive, efficient, lasting, safety ".From making full use of booth space resources, reduce nursery operation link and improvement and to cut off the water supply the angle thinking of Trained Transition Methods of Chinese Dwarf, seedbed seedling growing process is rotated by exploring exploitation, optimum organization hardening technology, design ap-plication hardening device improves hardening technology, explore the key technology of nurturing staff, the problem such as solve that seedling quality rate in weak, strong sprout is low, transplanting survival rate is low and growing way is weak, improves green house nursery level.Form a set of scientific and reasonable, practicable modernization floating seedlings technology, improve culture facility efficiency to reach, reduce nursery link, the object of nurturing staff.Through retrieval, do not find the correlation technique report developing the nursery of " rotary " dynamic solid based on green house facilities and equipment.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of rotary flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating device and seedling-cultivating method thereof, improve facility utilization ratio, convenient dry humidifying practices seedling, and strong sprout, rate was high, and operating cost is low, and comprehensive utilization is made good use of.
To achieve these goals, present invention employs following technical scheme: a kind of rotary flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating device, comprise the swivel mount driven by motor and speed reducer, the seedling disc holder be connected with swivel mount, the nursery drift dish be placed in described seedling disc holder; The turning arm that described swivel mount comprises dead lever, is bolted with dead lever.
Preferably, described each swivel mount installs 6 layers of seedling disc holder, each seedling disc holder places 5 nursery drift dishes.
Use the seedling-cultivating method of described a kind of rotary flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating device, concrete grammar is as follows:
S1, erecting device: in booth, swivel mount is installed, swivel mount is driven by motor and speed reducer, seedling disc holder is hung on swivel mount, the nursery drift dish installing matrix and cigarette kind is placed in seedling disc holder, each swivel mount installs six layers of seedling disc holder, every 12 seedling disc holder are one group, are placed in a joint nursery pond;
S2, nursery adjustment process: by installing automatic rotating device driven rotary frame, regulate motor speed, make the continuous swapace of each seedling disc holder, the nursery drift dish that seedling disc holder is placed enters nursery pond at set intervals by rotating, cigarette seedling alternation of wetting and drying in seedling disc holder is run, plays the effect that dry humidifying practices seedling on the one hand; Water level height in the outer nursery pond of the opposing party can freely control, and only need reduce the water surface in circulating water pool when needing the long period to practice seedling, seedling dish does not just reach water.When needing to the moisturizing of seedling dish, only need improve the water surface in circulating water pool, can be just the matrix moisturizing in face; Moreover, fertilizer needed for cigarette seedling is melted in nursery pond, the liquid manure supply same period can be realized;
S3, the extermination of disease and insect pest: top, seedbed is provided with automatic sprinkler fire-extinguishing system, spray with the nutrition of supplementary cigarette seedling, moisture, disease control medicine, and whole nursery link is in the process of alternation of wetting and drying.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: after adopting said apparatus, make full use of in space, seedbed alternation of wetting and drying, water, fertilizer, light, warm uniform distribution, the key technique such as intelligentized control method all achieve important breakthrough, solve the seedling raising greenhouse facility existed in intensive seedling production flow process to a great extent to take up an area, operation link is many, emerge uneven, hardening number of times and the problem such as the time is inadequate.
Improve facility utilization ratio.Seedling disc holder being suspended on can on swinging mounting, profit is driven electrically holder pivots, makes the continuous swapace position of each seedling dish, and the ideal realizing upper, middle and lower-ranking three-dimensional seedling raising in canopy is arranged, improve the availability of green house, its seedlings growing area improves more than 2 times than normal greenhouse.
Be of value to photosynthesis of plant.Bright day gas is comparatively strong for sunshine, and plant, under strong sunlight, easily occurs hyperthermia, the situation that photosynthetic rate declines.Utilize stereo rotating nursery just can avoid the long-time direct projection of sunlight, it is too high that temperature can not rise, and photosynthetic supersaturation also can be eased, thus realize cigarette seedling photosynthetic efficiency and greatly promote.
Convenient dry humidifying practices seedling.Seedling disc holder is in motion process, and the water in seedling dish cycle alternation contact nursery pond, supplements the moisture in seedling disk base material.Cigarette seedling alternation of wetting and drying in seedling disc holder is run, plays the effect that dry humidifying practices seedling on the one hand; Water level height in the outer seedling pond of the opposing party can freely control, and only need reduce the water surface in circulating water pool when needing the long period to practice seedling, seedling dish does not just reach water.When needing to the moisturizing of seedling dish, only need improve the water surface in circulating water pool, can be just the matrix moisturizing in face; Moreover, fertilizer needed for cigarette seedling is melted in nursery pond, the liquid manure supply same period can be realized.
Strong sprout, rate was high.The automatic rotation of equipment ensure that all cigarette seedlings even light, inhale fertile, make that educated cigarette seedling uniformity, well developed root system, cane are sturdy, strong sprout rate high, resistance after cigarette transplantation of seedlings to land for growing field crops, cigarette seedling total quality and transplanting survival rate high.
Operating cost is low.Motor peak power is 0.55kw, adds the energy-conserving action of upconverter, and the actual power consumption of every platform motor only has 0.2kw/d.Amount to that RMB is about per hour only needs a mao.
Comprehensive utilization is made good use of.Without the need to doing second ploughing again after tobacco seedling terminates, can directly utilize existing utility to carry out the cultivation of other crop, save the artificial of second ploughing, area under cultivation is increased the benefit significantly greatly.Because decrease second ploughing link, nursery pond bottom thin film can not damage, and can ensure use more than 10 years service life.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in embodiment of the present invention technical scheme, below the accompanying drawing used required in describing embodiment is briefly described, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only that the present invention is in order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below the accompanying drawing used required in p-embodiment or description of the prior art is briefly described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the partial schematic diagram of swivel mount of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is turning arm loose joint schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The rotary flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating device of one as shown in Figures 1 to 3, each group motor 1 and reductor 2 can drive many group seedling disc holder 4, and driven by turning arm 6 loose joint, every 12 seedling disc holder 4 are one group, are placed in a joint nursery pond.Each swivel mount 3 installs six layers of seedling disc holder 4, each nursery drift is made to coil continuous swapace, each seedling disc holder 4 can hold 5 nursery drift dishes, and the nursery drift dish that seedling disc holder 4 is placed enters into nursery pond by rotating interval at set intervals, thus draws the nutritive element in nursery pond.
Described motor 1 and reductor 2, its operating power is: be 0.55kw/ platform when nursery pond joint number saves more than 8; Joint number is 0.37kw/ platform when being less than 8 joint.Its speed adjustable range often goes to 60 minutes for 10 minutes and often turns.
Described seedling disc holder 4, its specification is: long 1.74m, wide 0.68m, can hold 5 nursery drift dishes.
Described nursery drift dish, its specification is: long 685mm, and wide 345mm often coils 200 caves.
Described nursery pond, its specification is: often save the long 3.8m of nursery pond, wide 1.8m, high 0.18m.
The seedling-cultivating method of described rotary flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating device comprises: in common booth, install swivel mount 3, swivel mount 3 is driven by electromotor+reducing motor 1, seedling disc holder 4 is hung on swivel mount 3, the drift dish installing matrix and cigarette kind is placed in seedling disc holder 4, each swivel mount 3 installs six layers of seedling disc holder 4, by installing automatic rotating device driven rotary frame 3, make each seedling disc holder 4 constantly swapace, the drift dish that seedling disc holder 4 is placed enters nursery pond at set intervals by rotating, in addition, top, seedbed is provided with automatic sprinkler fire-extinguishing system, with the nutrition of supplementary cigarette seedling, moisture, disease control medicine sprays, whole nursery link is in the process of alternation of wetting and drying.The method optimal parameter, motor 1 optimum speed is 20min/r, nursery pond optimum depth is 0.13m (nursery drift dish draft is 2.4cm), and the best seedling age phase is 35 ~ 40d (the little transplantation of seedlings of well cellar for storing things formula), thus combines novel tobacco alternation of wetting and drying seedling-cultivating method for this reason.
The present invention's rotary flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating application of installation effect test:
Test is that Ya Xitian village of level ground township, Affected It In Qianxinan Xingyi City pig farm, Guizhou Province carries out, pilot region height above sea level about 1300 meters, and belong to the moistening mild weather in subtropics, average temperature of the whole year 14-19 DEG C, rainfall 1300-1600 millimeters, frost-free season was more than about 310 days.Fruit variety is local main breed cloud and mist 87.3 process are established in test: the conventional floating seedlings (CK) of (1) booth; (2) the rotary floating seedlings of booth; (3) the conventional floating seedlings in land for growing field crops.Experimental scheme 3 repetition, totally 9 communities, each replicated plot in sowing sabot on the same day, Routine Management.Routine observation also records the situation of emerging of each replicated plot; In tobacco seedling growth process, the representative cigarette seedling of 30 strains is chosen in each community, follows the tracks of and investigates and record its breeding time (little cross, grand cross, one-tenth seedling stage); After seedling, investigate and record the related biological proterties of cigarette seedling, investigate and record tobacco root system growth developmental characteristic difference (root system root of hair number, Root Distribution situation), choose the representational 3 dish cigarette seedlings of each process, record the disease incidence of each process, add up the cigarette seedling rate in strong sprout of each process.Indices statistics is in table 1.
The different seedling raising manners of table 1 affects situation to Tobacco Seedlings
As shown in Table 1, the rotary floating seedlings of booth is compared with conventional floating seedlings and the conventional floating seedlings of booth, indices all has improvement in various degree, root of hair number rises 43.2 and 27.7 respectively, the incidence of disease declines respectively 2.8% and 2.3%, seedling number of days is less than 7 days and 4 days respectively, and in strong sprout rate, gone up 4.2% and 3.1% respectively.
Above result shows, the rotary floating seedlings of booth is the conventional floating seedlings of booth and conventional floating seedlings comparatively, its root system root of hair number and distribution situation all optimum, disease incidence is minimum, and seedling number of days is shorter, strong sprout, rate was higher, and this kind of seedling raising manners has larger promotional value.
The effect test of the best seedling-cultivating method of the rotary flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating device of the present invention
Test is that Ya Xitian village of level ground township, Affected It In Qianxinan Xingyi City pig farm, Guizhou Province green house is carried out, pilot region height above sea level about 1300 meters, belongs to the moistening mild weather in subtropics, average temperature of the whole year 14-19 DEG C, rainfall 1300-1600 millimeters, frost-free season was more than about 310 days.Fruit variety is local main breed cloud and mist 87.Test adopts split plot design, rotating speed primary area, seedbed (A), if 3 process: rotating speed is 15min/r (process A1), and rotating speed is 20min/r (process A2), and rotating speed is 25min/r (process A3); The nursery pond depth of water is secondary area (B), if 3 process, the depth of water is 0.10m (treatments B 1), and the depth of water is 0.13m (treatments B 2), and the depth of water is 0.16m (treatments B 3).Experimental scheme 3 repetition, Gong27Ge community, each replicated plot is in sowing sabot on the same day, and booth carries out Routine Management.Routine observation also records the situation of emerging of each replicated plot; In tobacco seedling growth process, the representative cigarette seedling of 30 strains is chosen in each community, follows the tracks of and investigates and record its breeding time (little cross, grand cross, one-tenth seedling stage); After seedling, investigate and record the related biological proterties of cigarette seedling, investigate and record tobacco root system growth developmental characteristic difference (root system root of hair number, Root Distribution situation), choose the representational 3 dish cigarette seedlings of each process, record the disease incidence of each process, add up the cigarette seedling rate in strong sprout of each process.Indices statistics is in table 2.
The different seedling-cultivating method of the rotary booth of table 2 affects situation to Tobacco Seedlings
As shown in Table 2, the seedling-cultivating method contrasting rotary booth different is visible, and indices all has improvement in various degree, and on root of hair number, process A2B2 mostly is 233.4 most, more than minimum A3B1 process 57.3; On the incidence of disease, processing A2B2 minimum is 10.5%, lower by 2.1% than the highest A3B3 process; On seedling number of days, process A2B2 the shortest is 36 days, shorter than the longest A1B3 process 4 days; In strong sprout rate, process A2B2 is 98.4% to the maximum, than minimum A3B3 process large 4.7%.Therefore, processing A2B2 is best of breed.
Above result shows, explore the seedling-cultivating method of rotary green house floating seedlings the best, seedbed rotating speed is 20min/r, and the nursery pond depth of water is 0.13m (drift dish draft is for being 2.4cm), namely processes A2B2 and is combined as optimization process combination, its root system root of hair number and distribution situation all optimum, disease incidence is minimum, and seedling number of days is shorter, reduces the susceptible danger of seedling and is adapted to the little transplantation of seedlings of well cellar for storing things formula, strong sprout, rate was higher, and this kind of seedling-cultivating method has larger promotional value.
In sum, the key techniques such as appliance arrangement involved in the present invention makes full use of in space, seedbed alternation of wetting and drying, water, fertilizer, light, warm uniform distribution, intelligentized control method all achieve important breakthrough, solve the seedling raising greenhouse facility existed in intensive seedling production flow process to a great extent to take up an area, operation link is many, emerge uneven, hardening number of times and the problem such as the time is inadequate.Adopt hierarchical design in design, seedling dish continues swapace position, achieves making full use of of booth solid space, improves green house space availability ratio; The free adjustment of equipment rotating speed, to meet the dynamic need of cigarette seedling moisture; Effectively avoid the lasting direct projection of high light, what cigarette seedling local microenvironment temperature can not be risen is too high, and photosynthetic supersaturation also can be eased, thus realizes cigarette seedling photosynthetic efficiency and greatly promote; The dry humidifying being convenient to cigarette seedling practices seedling, and seedling disc holder 4 is in motion process, and seedling dish cycle alternation contacts the water in nursery pond, and supplement the moisture in seedling disk base material, cigarette seedling rate in strong sprout is greatly enhanced; Lower operating cost, motor 1 peak power is 0.55kw, adds the energy-conserving action of upconverter, and the actual power consumption of every platform motor 1 only has 0.2kw/d, amounts to that RMB is about per hour only needs a mao; Good comprehensive utilization effect, without the need to doing second ploughing again after tobacco seedling terminates, can directly utilize existing utility to carry out the cultivation of other crop, save the artificial of second ploughing, in addition, owing to decreasing second ploughing link, nursery pond bottom thin film can not damage, and can ensure use more than 10 years service life.Thus, equipment involved in the present invention and seedling-cultivating method thereof can create good economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits, have very wide application prospect.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a rotary flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating device, is characterized in that: comprise the swivel mount (3) driven by motor (1) and reductor (2), the seedling disc holder (4) be connected with swivel mount (3), the nursery drift dish be placed on described seedling disc holder (4);
The turning arm (6) that described swivel mount (3) comprises dead lever (5), is bolted with dead lever (5).
2. the rotary flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating device of one according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the upper installation 6 layers of seedling disc holder (4) of each described swivel mount (3), upper placement 5 the nursery drift dishes of each seedling disc holder (4).
3. use the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of rotary flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating device described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, concrete grammar is as follows:
S1, erecting device: swivel mount (3) is installed in booth, swivel mount (3) is driven by motor (1) and reductor (2), seedling disc holder (4) is hung on swivel mount (3), the nursery drift dish installing matrix and cigarette kind is placed in seedling disc holder (4), the upper installation six layers of seedling disc holder (4) of each swivel mount (3), every 12 seedling disc holder (4) are one group, are placed in a joint nursery pond;
S2, nursery adjustment process: by installing automatic rotating device driven rotary frame, regulate motor speed, make each seedling disc holder (4) constantly swapace, the upper nursery drift dish placed of seedling disc holder (4) enters nursery pond at set intervals by rotating, cigarette seedling alternation of wetting and drying in seedling disc holder is run, plays the effect that dry humidifying practices seedling on the one hand; Water level height in the outer nursery pond of the opposing party can freely control, and only need reduce the water surface in circulating water pool when needing the long period to practice seedling, seedling dish does not just reach water.When needing to the moisturizing of seedling dish, only need improve the water surface in circulating water pool, can be just the matrix moisturizing in face; Moreover, fertilizer needed for cigarette seedling is melted in nursery pond, the liquid manure supply same period can be realized;
S3, the extermination of disease and insect pest: top, seedbed is provided with automatic sprinkler fire-extinguishing system, spray with the nutrition of supplementary cigarette seedling, moisture, disease control medicine, and whole nursery link is in the process of alternation of wetting and drying.
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| CN105935044A (en) * | 2016-06-19 | 2016-09-14 | 安徽省农业科学院农业工程研究所 | Automatic silkworm breeding equipment |
| CN106912316A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-07-04 | 南阳市筑梦生态农业有限公司 | A kind of strawberry cultivating device |
| CN107079742A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-08-22 | 镇江市润州园林绿化研究所 | A kind of multilayer seedling plate rail easily used |
| CN114885706A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-08-12 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Three-dimensional seedling raising device and method for flue-cured tobacco |
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