CN110558187A - method for planting lycoris radiata on coastal mud flat - Google Patents
method for planting lycoris radiata on coastal mud flat Download PDFInfo
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- CN110558187A CN110558187A CN201810572183.2A CN201810572183A CN110558187A CN 110558187 A CN110558187 A CN 110558187A CN 201810572183 A CN201810572183 A CN 201810572183A CN 110558187 A CN110558187 A CN 110558187A
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- 241000319062 Lycoris radiata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
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- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000194107 Bacillus megaterium Species 0.000 claims description 15
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- 241000222120 Candida <Saccharomycetales> Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000605056 Cytophaga Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ASUTZQLVASHGKV-JDFRZJQESA-N galanthamine Chemical compound O1C(=C23)C(OC)=CC=C2CN(C)CC[C@]23[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)C=C2 ASUTZQLVASHGKV-JDFRZJQESA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HPOIPOPJGBKXIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dimethoxy-10-methyl-galantham-1-ene Natural products O1C(C(=CC=2)OC)=C3C=2CN(C)CCC23C1CC(OC)C=C2 HPOIPOPJGBKXIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000588813 Alcaligenes faecalis Species 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPCKPBWOSNVCEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlidanthine Natural products O1C(C(=CC=2)O)=C3C=2CN(C)CCC23C1CC(OC)C=C2 LPCKPBWOSNVCEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000109222 Lycoris chinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000000474 Poliomyelitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000187389 Streptomyces lavendulae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000722921 Tulipa gesneriana Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003937 effect on alzheimer disease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010855 food raising agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003980 galantamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BGLNUNCBNALFOZ-WMLDXEAASA-N galanthamine Natural products COc1ccc2CCCC[C@@]34C=CCC[C@@H]3Oc1c24 BGLNUNCBNALFOZ-WMLDXEAASA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASUTZQLVASHGKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N galanthamine hydrochloride Natural products O1C(=C23)C(OC)=CC=C2CN(C)CCC23C1CC(O)C=C2 ASUTZQLVASHGKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- IYVSXSLYJLAZAT-NOLJZWGESA-N lycoramine Natural products CN1CC[C@@]23CC[C@H](O)C[C@@H]2Oc4cccc(C1)c34 IYVSXSLYJLAZAT-NOLJZWGESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 206010028417 myasthenia gravis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/16—Yeasts; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
the invention relates to a method for planting lycoris radiata on coastal mudflats, which comprises the following steps: preparing a biological organic fertilizer, wherein the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components: fermented straw, livestock and poultry manure, humic acid and desulfurized gypsum; then, soil is selected and prepared; selecting seedlings and planting; fertilizing water and cultivating management. The method is simple to operate, can plant the lycoris radiata on the coastal mud flat, and has the advantages of high propagation speed, short propagation period and high seedling survival rate; and the existing large-area coastal mudflat in China can be fully and effectively utilized, the economic benefit is improved, and the application prospect is good.
Description
Technical Field
the invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting lycoris on coastal mudflats.
background
The tidal flat is a general term of a beach, a river beach and a lake beach, and refers to tidal immersion zones between high tide levels and low tide levels of coastal large tides, tidal flats between a normal water level of a river and a lake and a flood level, tidal flats below the flood level of an hour lake and a river, and tidal flats between the normal water storage level of a reservoir and a pit and the maximum flood level. It is known topographically as the intertidal zone. Due to the action of tides, the mudflat is sometimes submerged in water and sometimes exposed out of the water, the upper part of the mudflat is often exposed out of the water, and the lower part of the mudflat is often submerged in water. At present, the mudflat generally refers to the coastal mudflat. The sea administration department defines the tidal flat as the sea area above the low tide line below the average high tide line, and the land resource management department defines the coastal tidal flat as the tidal dip zone between the high tide level and the low tide level of the coastal high tide. Although the expressions of the two departments on the mudflat are different, the mudflat can be seen to belong to the land and be a component of the sea area. The shoal of China is mainly distributed in the seaside zones of Liaoning, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan, and is an important component of the coastal zone. China is wide in coastal beach area, at present, about 57 hundred million acres of land all over the world have salinization of different degrees, and the salinization occupies about one third of the whole land area. In China, only saline-alkali soil of coastal zones, mudflats and the like reaches more than one hundred million acres, and the saline-alkali soil has a continuously increasing trend every year. The saline-alkali land in the coastal beach area reduces the utilization rate of the land in the coastal area and restricts the development of agricultural economy. The method for carrying out original soil greening on the saline-alkali soil of the coastal mudflat generally comprises the following steps: firstly, the salt absorption agent is tried to improve the coastal beach saline-alkali land, and then the original soil greening plants are planted on the improved beach saline-alkali land, and the following defects exist in the original soil greening process: the salt content in the soil of the beach saline-alkali soil can not be effectively reduced; the soil has poor fertilizer retention capacity and is easy to run off after the fertilizer is applied; the water retention capacity of the soil is poor, the water is easy to run off, and the water content in the soil is low; the pH value of the soil cannot be effectively reduced; the survival rate of the original soil plant is low and the growth is slow.
Reasonable water and soil management and chemical improvement can alleviate the salt damage, but these methods are either too costly or add to the secondary salinization of the soil with the addition of large amounts of chemicals. In the existing theoretical research and production practice of salt tolerance of related economic crops, breeding and planting salt-tolerant crop varieties is one of the most economic and effective measures for improving and utilizing saline-alkali soil resources.
lycoris radiata is a general name of lycoris plants, and 22 varieties of 1 variety exist in the world, and is known as Chinese tulip due to beautiful flower shape and gorgeous color. China is the distribution center of lycoris plants, and has 16 species and 1 variety. The lycoris radiata has high ornamental value, and galanthamine contained in the bulb has good curative effect on Alzheimer disease, poliomyelitis sequela, myasthenia gravis and other diseases. Therefore, the lycoris radiata is a novel bulbous flower with great ecological economic value and development potential. The fleshy bulbs of the lycoris radiate contain more water and are tightly coated, so the lycoris radiate has stronger salt tolerance than other plants. However, the influence of lack of lycoris germplasm resources is always caused, related researches on lycoris are mostly focused on the molecular mechanism of secondary metabolites, and the salt tolerance of lycoris is not well developed and utilized.
The applicant's prior patent technology CN106561450 discloses a method for inducing adventitious buds by taking lycoris radiata rachis as an explant, the lycoris radiata is propagated by adopting the method, a large number of lycoris radiata aseptic seedlings are effectively obtained, and the problem of rapid propagation of lycoris radiata is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the method for planting the lycoris radiata on the coastal mudflat, the method is simple to operate, and the lycoris radiata planted on the saline-alkali soil by adopting the method has the advantages of high propagation speed, short propagation period and high seedling survival rate; and the existing large-area coastal mudflat in China can be fully and effectively utilized, the economic benefit is improved, the ecological environment is improved, and the improvement of the saline-alkali soil is gradually realized.
in order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme is as follows:
A method for planting lycoris radiata on coastal mudflats is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A, preparing the biological organic fertilizer,
b, selecting the land and preparing the land,
c, selecting and planting the seedlings,
And D, fertilizing water and cultivating management.
the biological organic fertilizer A comprises the following components: fermented straw, livestock and poultry manure, humic acid and desulfurized gypsum.
Preferably, the biological organic fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of fermented straw, 20-30 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 5-10 parts of humic acid and 5-8 parts of desulfurized gypsum.
the fermented straw is a fermentation product of straw by using the composite microbial inoculum, and the straw is corn straw, rice straw or soybean straw.
the composite microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing bacillus amyloliquefaciens, trichoderma aureoviride, candida, zymophaga and phosphorus-dissolving bacillus megaterium according to the volume ratio of 5:3:4:2: 1;
the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) ATCC53495;
the Trichoderma aureoviride is (Trichoderma aureoviride) ATCC64264;
The Candida is (Candida utilis) ATCC 22023;
The fermentation Cytophaga sp is (Cytophaga fermentans) ATCC 19072;
The Bacillus megaterium phosphate solubilizing bacterium is (Bacillus megaterium) ATCC 14581;
The preparation method of the complex microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: respectively culturing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma aureoviride, Candida, Cellophagus fermentans and Bacillus megaterium phosphate-solubilizing bacteria to concentration of 1-2 × 108Mixing the bacterial liquid per ml according to the volume ratio of 5:3:4:2:1 to obtain the bacterial liquid;
Adding 10 times of water into the composite microbial inoculum one day ahead of time for dilution and activation, adding the diluted composite microbial inoculum according to 10% of the weight of the straw, uniformly mixing, fermenting at normal temperature, detecting the temperature of a fermentation product in the fermentation process, turning the fermentation product when the temperature is increased to be more than 60 ℃, turning the fermentation product once every other day, detecting the water content of the material, and finishing the fermentation when the water content is less than or equal to 25% to obtain the fermented straw;
the land selection and preparation of the step B specifically comprises the following steps: selecting plots which are convenient to transport, smooth in terrain, timely in irrigation and drainage and have soil salinity of 0.6-1%; firstly digging drainage ditches around the land, wherein the depth is 80-100cm, and the width is 60-80 cm; under the condition of not weeding, deeply turning and airing the land by 20-30cm in winter of the previous year of planting; ridging in the same year after planting, wherein the height of each ridge is 30-40cm, the width of each ridge is 80-100cm, and the distance between every two ridges is 30-40 cm; after ridging, harrowing and finely leveling the land, and spreading 500kg/hm of bio-organic fertilizer2。
The C seedling selection and field planting specifically comprises the following steps: selecting more than 2 years old lycoris seed balls, wherein the diameter of the seed balls is required to be more than or equal to 2cm, and the seed balls are healthy and free of diseases and insect pests; taking out the lycoris radiata seed balls from the hole tray and placing the seed balls in a shade place for 2-3 days before field planting; ditching on the raised ridges, wherein the distance between ditches is 25-30cm, the depth and the width of each ditch are 5-10cm, and spreading a small amount of peat soil in the ditches; placing the top end of the prepared lycoris radiata seed ball upwards in the ditch, wherein the plant spacing is 10-20 cm; then, mixing peat soil, vermiculite and sand soil in the land blocks (tidal flat sand soil) according to the proportion of 1: 1: 1, covering the seed balls with the mixed soil in the proportion of 1, and compacting the seed balls by feet; after the planting is finished, watering enough root fixing water.
and D, fertilizing water and cultivating management specifically comprises the following steps: during the planting period of the lycoris radiata, special additional fertilizer is not needed; in order to prevent the salt return phenomenon frequently occurring in the beach land, weeds or suaeda salsa with the height of less than 10cm can not be removed, and weeds with the height of more than 10cm can be removed by adopting an artificial weeding mode; as the lycoris radiata is drought-resistant, the lycoris radiata is not watered in the growth period generally, for example, no natural rainfall occurs for more than 2 months, and the lycoris radiata can be properly irrigated in ditches.
on the basis of earlier stage research, the biological fertilizer customized by the lycoris radiata is researched to obtain the components of the biological fertilizer, the composite microbial agent in the straw fermented fertilizer contains a microbial agent beneficial to the survival of the lycoris radiata roots and also has a microbial agent capable of quickly degrading straw fibers, the microbial agents are not antagonistic and synergistic, not only have a strong decomposition effect on organic materials, but also propagate a large number of functional bacteria and generate a plurality of specific metabolites in the fermentation process, so that the growth and development of the lycoris radiata are stimulated, the disease resistance, drought resistance and cold resistance of crops are improved, after the functional bacteria enter soil, nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution and potassium dissolution can be realized, soil nutrients are increased, the soil structure is improved, and a single factor test shows that the seedling rate is improved by 37.3% by adopting the composite microbial agent compared with a sold agroform straw leavening agent, and the reason is that the composite microbial agent in the market contains the microbial agent beneficial to the survival of the lycoris radiata roots, it also breeds a large amount of functional bacteria and produces a plurality of specific metabolites during the fermentation process, thereby stimulating the growth and development of the lycoris radiata.
The calcium ions in the desulfurization gypsum in the fertilizer can be effectively utilized to exchange replaceable sodium ions in the soil, so that the sodium ions are transferred into the soil solution from the soil, enter underground water along with irrigation water or are discharged by a drainage pond, livestock and poultry manure can effectively neutralize the alkalinity of the soil, the soil fertility is provided, and humic acid can neutralize the alkalinity of the soil, so that the organic matter of the soil is increased.
In order to adapt to the particularity of the saline-alkali soil, the saline-alkali soil is treated, and drainage ditches are laid to facilitate the discharge of saline water; deep ploughing and leveling ridges when applying base fertilizer to the land have strict requirements on ploughing depth, ridge width and the like; the mixture of the peat soil, the vermiculite and the sandy soil in the land is beneficial to the growth of the lycoris radiata, can preserve water and ventilate, is organic and slow-release, is an excellent lycoris radiata cultivation medium and a soil improvement product, meets the growth requirement of the lycoris radiata, and improves the survival rate. In terms of the culture medium: as the bulbs of the bulbs need to be permeable and breathable, nutritional ingredients are required to be provided for later expansion of the bulbs, only beach saline-alkali soil is utilized to be obviously unsuitable for survival and propagation of the bulbs, furrowing is selected on raised ridges, the space between furrows is 25-30cm, the depth and width of the furrows are 5-10cm, a matrix suitable for growth is provided only in the space, the cost is saved, and the growth is promoted to the maximum extent.
In order to prevent the salt return phenomenon frequently occurring in the beach land, weeds or suaeda salsa with the height of less than 10cm can not be removed, and weeds with the height of more than 10cm can be artificially weeded, so that the salt return phenomenon can be effectively prevented.
In the rhizome propagation method, in order to adapt to the particularity of saline-alkali soil, propagation materials are strictly selected, and lycoris radiata bulbs growing for more than 2 years are selected, wherein the diameter of the bulbs is required to be more than or equal to 2cm, and the bulbs are healthy and free of diseases and insect pests; the lycoris radiata seedball is taken out of the hole disc and placed in a shade place for 2-3 days before field planting, when the seed ball is buried, the seed ball is strictly carried out according to the shallow trench spacing and the thickness of an earth covering layer, and subsequent management steps are matched, so that the lycoris radiata can be quickly propagated on the saline-alkali land, the propagation speed is high, the propagation period is short, the survival rate of nursery stocks is high, meanwhile, saline-alkali land resources are fully utilized, and the ecological environment of the saline-alkali land is improved.
The mudflat resources of China are extremely rich. The high-quality technical system for planting the lycoris in the beach salinized soil has the characteristics of light weight, simplicity, easy material obtaining, low cost, high yield, simple and convenient operation and the like, and is not only suitable for coastal beach areas, but also suitable for inland saline-alkali soil with water resource shortage.
Detailed Description
the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples.
Example 1
A method for planting lycoris chinensis on coastal mudflats comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of biological organic fertilizer
The biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of fermented straw, 20 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 5 parts of humic acid and 5 parts of desulfurized gypsum.
the fermented straw is a fermentation product of straw by using the composite microbial inoculum, and the straw is corn straw, rice straw or soybean straw.
the composite microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing bacillus amyloliquefaciens, trichoderma aureoviride, candida, zymophaga and phosphorus-dissolving bacillus megaterium according to the volume ratio of 5:3:4:2: 1;
The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) ATCC53495;
The Trichoderma aureoviride is (Trichoderma aureoviride) ATCC64264;
The Candida is (Candida utilis) ATCC No.22023;
the fermentation Cytophaga sp is (Cytophaga fermentans) ATCC 19072;
the Bacillus megaterium phosphate solubilizing bacterium is (Bacillus megaterium) ATCC 14581;
The preparation method of the complex microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: respectively culturing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma aureoviride, Candida, Cellophagus fermentans and Bacillus megaterium phosphate-solubilizing bacteria to concentration of 1-2 × 108Mixing the bacterial liquid per ml according to the volume ratio of 5:3:4:2:1 to obtain the bacterial liquid;
Adding 10 times of water into the composite microbial inoculum one day ahead of time for dilution and activation, adding the diluted composite microbial inoculum according to 10% of the weight of the straw, uniformly mixing, fermenting at normal temperature, detecting the temperature of a fermentation product in the fermentation process, turning the fermentation product when the temperature is increased to be more than 60 ℃, turning the fermentation product once every other day, detecting the water content of the material, and finishing the fermentation when the water content is less than or equal to 25% to obtain the fermented straw;
(2) Selecting a land block with soil salinity of 0.6% in a salt city Dafeng harbor base; firstly digging drainage ditches around the land, wherein the depth is 100cm, and the width is 80 cm; under the condition of not weeding, deeply turning and airing the plot by 30cm at the bottom of 11 months in 2016 winter; ridging at the bottom of 2 months in 2017 spring and high in ridge height40cm, ridge width 100cm and ridge spacing 40 cm; after ridging, harrowing and finely leveling the land, and spreading 500kg/hm of bio-organic fertilizer2；
(3) Selecting 2-year-old Lycoris radiata seed balls at the end of 3 months in 2017, wherein the diameter of the seed balls is more than or equal to 2cm, and the seed balls are healthy and free of diseases and insect pests; taking out the Chinese lycoris seed balls from the hole tray and placing the seeds in a shade place for 3d before field planting; ditching on the raised ridges, wherein the distance between ditches is 30cm, the depth and the width of each ditch are both 10cm, and spreading a small amount of peat soil in the ditches; placing the top end of the prepared lycoris radiata seed ball upwards in the ditch with the plant spacing of 20 cm; then, mixing peat soil, vermiculite and sandy soil in the land blocks according to the proportion of 1: 1: 1, covering the seed balls with the mixed soil in the proportion of 1, and compacting the seed balls by feet; after the planting is finished, watering enough root fixing water.
(4) the fertilizer water and cultivation management specifically comprises the following steps: during the planting period of the lycoris radiata in China, special additional fertilizer is not needed; in order to prevent the salt return phenomenon frequently occurring in the beach land, weeds or suaeda salsa with the height of less than 10cm can not be removed, and weeds with the height of more than 10cm can be removed by adopting an artificial weeding mode; as the lycoris radiata is drought-resistant, the lycoris radiata is not watered in the growth period generally, for example, no natural rainfall occurs for more than 2 months, and the lycoris radiata can be properly irrigated in ditches.
Example 2
a method for planting Lycoris radiata on coastal mudflat comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of biological organic fertilizer
The biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of fermented straw, 30 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 10 parts of humic acid and 8 parts of desulfurized gypsum.
The fermented straw is a fermentation product of straw by using the composite microbial inoculum, and the straw is corn straw, rice straw or soybean straw.
the composite microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing bacillus amyloliquefaciens, trichoderma aureoviride, candida, zymophaga and phosphorus-dissolving bacillus megaterium according to the volume ratio of 5:3:4:2: 1;
the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) ATCC53495;
the Trichoderma aureoviride is (Trichoderma aureoviride) ATCC64264;
the Candida is specifically (Candida utilis) ATCC No.22023;
the fermentation Cytophaga sp is (Cytophaga fermentans) ATCC 19072;
the Bacillus megaterium phosphate solubilizing bacterium is (Bacillus megaterium) ATCC 14581;
the preparation method of the complex microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: respectively culturing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma aureoviride, Candida, Cellophagus fermentans and Bacillus megaterium phosphate-solubilizing bacteria to concentration of 1-2 × 108mixing the bacterial liquid per ml according to the volume ratio of 5:3:4:2:1 to obtain the bacterial liquid;
Adding 10 times of water into the composite microbial inoculum one day ahead of time for dilution and activation, adding the diluted composite microbial inoculum according to 10% of the weight of the straw, uniformly mixing, fermenting at normal temperature, detecting the temperature of a fermentation product in the fermentation process, turning the fermentation product when the temperature is increased to be more than 60 ℃, turning the fermentation product once every other day, detecting the water content of the material, and finishing the fermentation when the water content is less than or equal to 25% to obtain the fermented straw;
(2) the land selection and preparation specifically comprises the following steps: selecting a land block with soil salinity of 0.8% in a salt city Dafeng harbor base; firstly digging drainage ditches around the land, wherein the depth is 80cm, and the width is 60 cm; under the condition of not weeding, deeply turning and airing the plot by 30cm at the bottom of 11 months in 2016 winter; ridging at the bottom of 2 months in 2017 spring, wherein the ridge height is 30cm, the ridge width is 80cm, and the ridge distance is 30 cm; after ridging, harrowing and finely leveling the land, and spreading 500kg/hm of bio-organic fertilizer2。
(3) the seedling selection and planting specifically comprises the following steps: selecting 2-year-old lycoris radiata seedballs at the end of 3 months in 2017, wherein the diameter of the seedballs is more than or equal to 2cm, and the seeds are healthy and free of diseases and insect pests; taking out the Lycoris radiata seed balls from the hole tray and placing in the shade for 2d before field planting; ditching on the raised ridges, wherein the distance between ditches is 25cm, the depth and the width of each ditch are both 5cm, and spreading a small amount of peat soil in the ditches; placing the top end of the prepared lycoris radiata seed balls in the ditch with the plant spacing being 15cm upwards; then, mixing peat soil, vermiculite and sandy soil in the land blocks according to the proportion of 1: 1: 1, covering the seed balls with the mixed soil in the proportion of 1, and compacting the seed balls by feet; after the planting is finished, watering enough root fixing water.
(4) the fertilizer water and cultivation management specifically comprises the following steps: during the planting period of the Lycoris radiata, special topdressing is not needed; in order to prevent the salt return phenomenon frequently occurring in the beach land, weeds or suaeda salsa with the height of less than 10cm can not be removed, and weeds with the height of more than 10cm can be removed by adopting an artificial weeding mode; as the lycoris radiata is drought-resistant, the lycoris radiata is not watered in the growth period generally, for example, no natural rainfall occurs for more than 2 months, and the lycoris radiata can be properly irrigated in ditches.
example 3 seedling rate and growth statistics.
Counting the growing condition of the lycoris at the end of 3 months in 2018, setting a control group at the same time of the embodiment 1-2,
In the control group 1, the bio-organic fertilizer is replaced by a common fertilizer, and the rest is the same as the example 1;
Control 2 group: the composite microbial inoculum for fermenting the straws is prepared from streptomyces lavendulae, trichoderma aureoviride, candida, alcaligenes faecalis according to the ratio of 2:3:4:3, and the rest is the same as the example 1;
Control 3 group: in the step (3), the soil in the plot is directly used to cover the seed balls, and the rest is the same as the embodiment 1;
see table 1 for statistics.
TABLE 1 statistics of growth
Therefore, the scheme of the application realizes the planting of the lycoris radiata on the coastal mud flat, and obtains higher rooting rate and seedling rate. Compared with common fertilizers, the biological organic fertilizer has remarkable effect. If only a microbial inoculum which is beneficial to the rooting and survival of the lycoris radiata is adopted for the strains for fermenting the straws, the microbial inoculum can not ferment the straws, so the fertilizer effect of the produced fertilizer is greatly reduced, the composite microbial inoculum in the straw fermented fertilizer contains the microbial inoculum which is beneficial to the rooting and survival of the lycoris radiata and also has a microbial inoculum for quickly degrading straw fibers, the microbial inoculants are not antagonistic to each other and have synergistic effect, not only has strong decomposition effect on organic materials, but also can propagate a large number of functional bacteria and produce various special-effect metabolites in the fermentation process, so that the growth and development of the lycoris radiata are stimulated, the disease resistance, drought resistance and cold resistance of crops are improved, and after the functional bacteria enter the soil, nitrogen fixation, phosphorus and potassium dissolution can be realized, the soil nutrient.
EXAMPLE 4 Effect on topsoil
the porosity of soil refers to the size of solid particles in percent, which has an inseparable relationship with the air permeability, water storage capacity, fertilizer holding capacity and soil tiltability of soil, and also has a direct relationship with the growth and development conditions of crops. The particle size of the soil of the saline soil, the loose degree of the soil, the organic matter content and the soil texture directly determine the porosity of the soil, so that the calculation of the soil porosity of the mudflat also provides important data support for soil improvement;
The organic matter content of the soil is an important component of the solid phase part of the soil, is one of main sources of plant nutrition, and can promote the growth and development of plants, improve the physical properties of the soil, promote the activities of microorganisms and soil organisms, promote the decomposition of nutrient elements in the soil, and improve the fertilizer retention and buffering performance of the soil. It has close relation with the structure, ventilation, permeability, adsorption and buffering of soil, and usually, under the same or similar conditions, the content of organic matter is in positive correlation with the soil fertility level within a certain content range.
And setting a control group, wherein the control group is fertilized according to a commercially available fertilizer.
see Table 2 for soil improvement
TABLE 2 improvement of soil
Therefore, the method can effectively reduce the PH and improve the organic matter content and the soil porosity of the soil.
although the present invention has been described in detail with respect to the general description and the specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made based on the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all such modifications and variations as fall within the true spirit of this invention be included within the scope thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A method for planting lycoris radiata on coastal mudflats is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a, preparing a biological organic fertilizer, wherein the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components: fermented straw, livestock and poultry manure, humic acid and desulfurized gypsum;
B, land selection and preparation;
C, selecting and planting seedlings;
And D, fertilizing water and cultivating management.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of removing the metal oxide layer comprises removing the metal oxide layer from the metal oxide layer
The biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of fermented straw, 20-30 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 5-10 parts of humic acid and 5-8 parts of desulfurized gypsum;
The fermented straw is a fermentation product obtained by fermenting straw by using a composite microbial inoculum, and the straw is corn straw, rice straw or soybean straw.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein step B is performed selectively by: selecting land blocks which are convenient to traffic, smooth in terrain, timely in irrigation and drainage and have soil salinity of 0.6-1%, and firstly digging drainage ditches around the land blocks, wherein the depth is 80-100cm, and the width is 60-80 cm; under the condition of not weeding, the land blocks are deeply turned and aired for 20-30cm in winter of the previous year of field planting, the ridge is formed in the current year of field planting, the land is finely leveled after the ridge is formed, and the bio-organic fertilizer is scattered and applied for 500kg/hm2。
4. the method of claim 1, wherein the C-stage plantlet colonization is specifically: selecting more than 2 years old lycoris radiata seed balls, wherein the diameter of the seed balls is more than or equal to 2cm, the seed balls are healthy and free of diseases and insect pests, and placing the lycoris radiata seed balls in a shade place for 2-3 days before field planting; ditching on the raised ridges, wherein the distance between ditches is 25-30cm, the depth and the width of each ditch are 5-10cm, placing the prepared lycoris radiata seed balls with the top ends upwards in the ditches, and mixing peat soil, vermiculite and sandy soil in the plots according to the proportion of 1: 1: 1, covering seed balls, treading, and pouring enough root fixing water.
5. The method according to claims 1-4, wherein the step D of fertilizing water and cultivating management is specifically: during the planting period of the lycoris radiata, special additional fertilizer is not needed; in order to prevent the salt return phenomenon which often occurs in the beach land, weeds with the height of less than 10cm are not removed, and weeds with the height of more than 10cm are removed by adopting an artificial weeding mode.
6. The method according to claim 1-2,
The composite microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing bacillus amyloliquefaciens, trichoderma aureoviride, candida, zymophaga and phosphorus-dissolving bacillus megaterium according to the volume ratio of 5:3:4:2: 1;
The bacillus amyloliquefaciens is ATCC53495;
Said Trichoderma aureoviride is ATCC64264;
The candida is ATCC 22023;
The fermenting Cytophaga sp is ATCC 19072;
the Bacillus megaterium phosphate solubilizing bacterium is ATCC 14581.
7. the method according to claim 6, wherein the complex microbial inoculum is prepared by the following method: respectively culturing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma aureoviride, Candida, Cellophagus fermentans and Bacillus megaterium phosphate-solubilizing bacteria to concentration of (1-2) × 108and mixing the bacterial liquid per ml according to the volume ratio of 5:3:4:2:1 to obtain the microbial inoculum.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the fermented straw is prepared by the following steps: adding 10 times of water into the composite microbial inoculum one day ahead of time for dilution and activation, adding the diluted composite microbial inoculum according to 10% of the weight of the straw, uniformly mixing, fermenting at normal temperature, detecting the temperature of a fermentation product in the fermentation process, turning the stack when the temperature is raised to be higher than 60 ℃, turning the stack once every other day, detecting the water content of the material, and ending the fermentation when the water content is less than or equal to 25% to obtain the fermented straw.
9. use of the method of claims 1-8 for improving beach soil.
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