CN106431529A - Method for preparing organic fertilizer by using straw decomposition agent - Google Patents
Method for preparing organic fertilizer by using straw decomposition agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN106431529A CN106431529A CN201610718389.2A CN201610718389A CN106431529A CN 106431529 A CN106431529 A CN 106431529A CN 201610718389 A CN201610718389 A CN 201610718389A CN 106431529 A CN106431529 A CN 106431529A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a biological organic fertilizer by using a straw decomposition agent, wherein the method comprises the following steps: preparation of the straw decomposition agent; material mixing: mixing straw after crushing with livestock manure according to the weight ratio of (1:1)-(4:1), then adding the straw decomposition agent and water, and composting; and decay process: when the temperature of the composted fermentation substance stack is increased to 50-70 DEG C, turning over the fermentation substances from outside to inside, and composting the fermentation substances for 10 days-15 days, to obtain the biological organic fertilizer. According to the method for preparing the biological organic fertilizer by using the straw decomposition agent, corn soaking water is added as a culture medium in the decomposition process for fermentation production of the decomposition agent, and nutrients of the decomposition agent are increased; under a condition of completion of basic functions, the content of organic matters of the organic fertilizer can be increased. The method has the advantages of simple process, low cost, simple and convenient operation and easy control, is beneficial for industrialized implementation, and has quite high economic benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to biological organic fertilizer field and in particular to prepare the side of biological organic fertilizer using straw decomposing inoculant
Method.
Background technology
Straw is the general name of ripe crops stem and leaf (fringe) part.It is often referred to Semen Tritici aestivi, Oryza sativa L., Semen Maydiss, potato class, Brassica campestris L, cotton
Flower, Caulis Sacchari sinensis and other crops (usually coarse grain) remainder after harvesting seed.The photosynthetic product of crops has
More than half is present in straw, and straw is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and organic matter etc., be one kind have multiduty can be again
Raw living resources, straw is also a kind of roughage.Feature is crude fiber content height (30%～40%), 5% protein, and
Containing lignin etc..
Agricultural crop straw quantity is big, species is many, distribution is wide.More than 2,900,000,000 ton of whole world straw annual production, China is grain life
Produce big country, be also straw big producing country, more than 700,000,000 ton of straw can be produced every year, account for the 20%～30% of whole world straw total amount,
Wherein, about 5.8 hundred million tons of the cereal crops straw such as Oryza sativa L., Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen sojae atricolor, Semen Maydiss, potato class, account for the 89% of straw total amount；Semen arachidis hypogaeae, oil
The oil crop straw such as Semen Allii Tuberosi, Semen Sesami, Helianthi accounts for the 8% of total amount, and Cotton Gossypii, Caulis Sacchari sinensis straw account for the 3% of total amount.
With China's life of farmers level raising, rural energy structure improvement, and straw collecting, arrangement and cost of transportation
Etc. factor, the less economical, commercialization of stalk comprehensive utilization and industrialization level are low.Also have quite a lot of straw not sharp at present
With, using be also that extensive low-level utilizes.
At a rough estimate, current China is directly used as the part straw of life fuel and accounts for the 20% of total amount, as fertilizer
The part straw of direct returning to farmland accounts for the 15% of total amount, and the straw amount serving as feedstuff accounts for the 15% of total amount, former as industry
The straw amount of material accounts for the 2% of total amount, and discarded or open incineration part straw accounts for the 33% of total amount.
Straw on-site incineration can make surface temperature reach 400 DEG C about, soil moisture loss 85%, and nitrogen, phosphorus respectively lose
73% and 12%, the loss of carbon is more serious；Funguses in soil, antibacterial can therefore lose more than 50% simultaneously, not only break up
The physicochemical property of soil, and pollute atmospheric environment, brings serious social problem, cause nearby resident's respiratory tract disease,
The problems such as highway is forced closing, aircraft grounds.Show every year because crop straw burning causes delayed flight according to relevant information
More than 1000, road traffic accident more than 5000.
The dry substance concentration of soak water of maize generally 6%～7%, produces 60000 tons of starch factories per year, the amount of soak water of maize is about
For 4.5～4.8 ten thousand tons.Soaking water concentrates and makes soak water of maize, and price is low, and market is not again smooth, and such as direct discharge can pollute ring
Border, and providing Nutrious fermented with it is first-class raw material.
Soak water of maize is the organic nitrogen source that growth of microorganism can be commonly used.In the nutritional labeling of soak water of maize,
Mainly contain protein and account for 45%, secondly account for 20% for mineral, account for 18% for lactic acid again.The promotion that aminoacid is main is micro-
The material of biological growth, also has in soak water of maize to the important element that ferments, such as phosphorus, ferrum, magnesium, zinc etc..
In planting industry produces, people to improve crop yield by fertilising, improves product quality, increases economic benefit,
Maintain and increase soil fertility.In modern agricultural production, unreasonable use fertilizer not only pollutes environment, have impact on agricultural product product
Matter, also jeopardizes health.According to relevant information introduction, 20 century 70s, the usage amount annual average rate of increase of world Fertilizer is
6.5%, same period grain yield average annual growth rate is 3.4%；The U.S. is contaminated because of the river that chemical fertilizer makes 72%, underground liquid glauber salt
Phosphate content increased 23%：55% nitride, 45% phosphide of water quality, due to unreasonable use chemical fertilizer, are endangered in Germany
From chemical fertilizer.
China is main in planting process to apply chemical fertilizer, though can improve its yield in chemical fertilizer, single in a large number for a long time applies
With easily causing soil compaction, destroying Soil structure, so that crops quality is declined.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to proposing a kind of process is simple, low cost, easy and simple to handle, easily controllable utilization straw
The method that stalk decomposing agent prepares biological organic fertilizer.
The method that utilization straw decomposing inoculant according to embodiments of the present invention prepares biological organic fertilizer, comprises the steps：Straw
The preparation of stalk decomposing agent：By bacillus subtilises, Bacillus licheniformis, yeast and aspergillus oryzae respectively under the conditions of 33～36 DEG C
After culture 48～72 hours, described bacillus subtilises, described Bacillus licheniformis, described yeast and described aspergillus oryzae are divided
It is not enlarged cultivating, the bacterial strain that will be enlarged by cultivating adds sending out containing soak water of maize according to after the mixing of predetermined quality percentage ratio
Cultivate in ferment culture medium to obtain composite bacteria liquid, after described composite bacteria liquid is concentrated, be spray-dried, so that straw decomposing inoculant is obtained；
Puddle material：After crushed stalk with feces of livestock and poultry according to weight ratio (1:1)～(4:1) mix, be subsequently adding described straw rotten
Ripe dose carries out composting with water；Corruption process：When in the fermented product buttress of above-mentioned composting, temperature is increased to 50 DEG C～70 DEG C, will be described
After fermented product ecto-entad stirs, fermented product described in composting 10 days～15 days, to obtain biological organic fertilizer.
The method that utilization straw decomposing inoculant according to embodiments of the present invention prepares biological organic fertilizer, adds in digest process
By soak water of maize as the decomposing agent of culture medium fermenting and producing, improve the nutritional labeling of decomposing agent, complete basic function
In the case of, the content of organic matter of fertilizer can be improved.The present invention use decomposing agent cellulase work reach 55u/ml (g)～
65u/ml (g), can reach the purpose of quick decomposition straw stalk, and the Straw manures time of typically becoming thoroughly decomposed is 20 days～40 days, uses
Decomposing agent in the present invention can shorten the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and can complete within about 10 days～15 days.Fertilizer prepared in accordance with the present invention, has
The mass content of machine thing is the mass content of 55%～75%, N is 1.4%～2.5%, P2O5Mass content be 0.58%～
0.76%, K2The mass content of O is 4.5%～6.7%, has that quality is good, nutriment in a fertilizer is high, stable in properties, and it is excellent that crop easily absorbs etc.
Opposite sex energy, can be widely applied to field, can reach the purpose of rapid stimulation plant growth after use, reduces at the beginning of seedling-slowing stage and crop
The demand to nutrient for stage beginning.The inventive method process is simple, low cost, easy and simple to handle, easily controllable, be conducive to industrialization real
Apply, there is very high economic benefit.
In addition, the method preparing biological organic fertilizer using straw decomposing inoculant according to the above embodiment of the present invention, acceptable
There is the technical characteristic adding as follows：
Further, described predetermined quality percentage ratio is：Bacillus subtilis strain 25%～40%, Bacillus licheniformis
Bacterial strain 20%～30%, yeast strain 20%～30%, remaining is aspergillus oryzae strain.
Further, described straw includes one of rice straw, corn straw, potato class straw or rape stalk or many
Kind.
Further, in described mixing process, described crushed stalk is the fragment of 5cm～10cm.
Further, described composting operation is specially and for described fermented product to stack into wide 1.5m～2m, high 0.6m～1.5m
Bar buttress shape.
Further, described puddle material during, add described straw decomposing inoculant content be：Every 1 ton of described straw
1 kilogram～5 kilograms described straw decomposing inoculants of middle addition.
Further, described puddle material during, the mass content of described water is 45%～60%.
The additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will be set forth in part in the description, and partly will become from the following description
Obtain substantially, or recognized by the practice of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are described below in detail, described embodiment is exemplary it is intended to be used for explaining the present invention, and
It is not considered as limiting the invention.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of straw decomposing inoculant：By bacillus subtilises, Bacillus licheniformis, yeast and aspergillus oryzae respectively at 36 DEG C
Under the conditions of culture 48 hours after, by described bacillus subtilises, described Bacillus licheniformis, described yeast and described aspergillus oryzae
It is enlarged respectively cultivating, will be enlarged by the bacterial strain cultivated according to mass percent bacillus subtilis strain 30%, lichens spore
Bacillus strain 25%, yeast strain 25%, aspergillus oryzae strain 20% mix, and wherein, total living bacteria count is 1.57 × 108
Individual/mL, decomposing agent cellulase activity reaches 55u/ml (g).Culture in the fermentation medium containing soak water of maize is added after mixing
To obtain composite bacteria liquid, after described composite bacteria liquid is concentrated, it is spray-dried, so that straw decomposing inoculant is obtained.
Puddle material：4 are compared with feces of livestock and poultry according to weight after corn stalk powder being broken into the fragment of 5cm:1 mixing, then
Straw per ton adds 1.6 kilograms of straw decomposing inoculant, add water to mixture moisture content to 45% after, carry out composting, fermentation
Buttress wide 1.5m, high 0.8m.
Corruption process：When in the fermented product buttress of above-mentioned composting, temperature is increased to 50 DEG C, by described fermented product ecto-entad
After stirring, fermented product 14 days described in composting, to obtain biological organic fertilizer.
Embodiment 2
The preparation of straw decomposing inoculant：By bacillus subtilises, Bacillus licheniformis, yeast and aspergillus oryzae respectively at 33
After cultivating 72 hours under part, described bacillus subtilises, described Bacillus licheniformis, described yeast and described aspergillus oryzae are divided
It is not enlarged cultivating, will be enlarged by the bacterial strain cultivated according to mass percent bacillus subtilis strain 27%, lichens spore bar
Bacteria strain 23%, yeast strain 23%, aspergillus oryzae strain 27% mix, and wherein, total living bacteria count is 1.90 × 108Individual/
ML, decomposing agent cellulase activity reaches 59u/ml (g).Add after mixing in the fermentation medium containing soak water of maize and cultivate to obtain
To composite bacteria liquid, after described composite bacteria liquid is concentrated, it is spray-dried, so that straw decomposing inoculant is obtained.
Puddle material：7 are compared with feces of livestock and poultry according to weight after corn stalk powder being broken into the fragment of 7cm:3 mixing, then
Straw per ton adds 2 kilograms of straw decomposing inoculant, add water to mixture moisture content to 50% after, carry out composting, fermentation buttress
Wide 1.8m, high 1.2m.
Corruption process：When in the fermented product buttress of above-mentioned composting, temperature is increased to 55 DEG C, by described fermented product ecto-entad
After stirring, fermented product 12 days described in composting, to obtain biological organic fertilizer.
Embodiment 3
The preparation of straw decomposing inoculant：By bacillus subtilises, Bacillus licheniformis, yeast and aspergillus oryzae respectively at 35 DEG C
Under the conditions of culture 56 hours after, by described bacillus subtilises, described Bacillus licheniformis, described yeast and described aspergillus oryzae
It is enlarged respectively cultivating, will be enlarged by the bacterial strain cultivated according to mass percent bacillus subtilis strain 25%, lichens spore
Bacillus strain 20%, yeast strain 20%, aspergillus oryzae strain 35% mix, and wherein, total living bacteria count is 1.90 × 108
Individual/mL, decomposing agent cellulase activity reaches 65u/ml (g).Culture in the fermentation medium containing soak water of maize is added after mixing
To obtain composite bacteria liquid, after described composite bacteria liquid is concentrated, it is spray-dried, so that straw decomposing inoculant is obtained.
Puddle material：4 are compared with feces of livestock and poultry according to weight after corn stalk powder being broken into the fragment of 5cm:3 mixing, then
Straw per ton adds 2 kilograms of straw decomposing inoculant, add water to mixture moisture content to 50% after, carry out composting, fermentation buttress
Wide 1.8m, high 1.5m.
Corruption process：When in the fermented product buttress of above-mentioned composting, temperature is increased to 60 DEG C, by described fermented product ecto-entad
After stirring, fermented product 10 days described in composting, to obtain biological organic fertilizer.
Embodiment 4
The preparation of straw decomposing inoculant：By bacillus subtilises, Bacillus licheniformis, yeast and aspergillus oryzae respectively at 34 DEG C
Under the conditions of culture 63 hours after, by described bacillus subtilises, described Bacillus licheniformis, described yeast and described aspergillus oryzae
It is enlarged respectively cultivating, will be enlarged by the bacterial strain cultivated according to mass percent bacillus subtilis strain 30%, lichens spore
Bacillus strain 25%, yeast strain 25%, aspergillus oryzae strain 20% mix, and wherein, total living bacteria count is 1.57 × 108
Individual/mL, decomposing agent cellulase activity reaches 55u/ml (g).Culture in the fermentation medium containing soak water of maize is added after mixing
To obtain composite bacteria liquid, after described composite bacteria liquid is concentrated, it is spray-dried, so that straw decomposing inoculant is obtained.
Puddle material：4 are compared with feces of livestock and poultry according to weight after rice straw being ground into the fragment of 5cm:1 mixing, then
Straw per ton adds 2 kilograms of straw decomposing inoculant, add water to mixture moisture content to 50% after, carry out composting, fermentation buttress
Wide 1.5m, high 0.8m.
Corruption process：When in the fermented product buttress of above-mentioned composting, temperature is increased to 55 DEG C, by described fermented product ecto-entad
After stirring, fermented product 12 days described in composting, to obtain biological organic fertilizer.
The straw organic fertilizer that embodiment 1～embodiment 4 obtains, according to NY525～2012 standard detection, meets country's mark
Standard, concrete testing result such as table 1 below：
Table 1 Straw manures testing result
The straw organic fertilizer that embodiment 1～4 is obtained is applied to Chinese cabbage, measures its fertilizer efficiency.Concrete experimental condition is such as
Under：
For studying thing：Chinese cabbage.
For trying straw organic fertilizer：The straw organic fertilizer that embodiment 1～embodiment 4 produces.
For trying n p k fertilizer：Carbamide (N 46%), calcium superphosphate (P20512%) and potassium sulfate (K 50%).
Test process scheme：Test adopts land for growing field crops cell cultural method, sets 6 process altogether, respectively：30% embodiment 1
Fertilizer+n p k fertilizer (A)；30% embodiment 2 fertilizers+n p k fertilizer (B)；30% embodiment 3+ n p k fertilizer
(C)；30% embodiment 4 fertilizers+n p k fertilizer (D)；N p k fertilizer (E)；Do not apply fertilizer (CK).Result of the test in detail sees below
Table 2,3.
The impact that table 2 different disposal is developed to Chinese Cabbage
The impact to Chinese Cabbage Yield for table 3 different disposal
| Different disposal | Yield (t/hm2) | Compared with CK ± (%) |
| A | 116.79 | 80.1 |
| B | 117.52 | 81.3 |
| C | 120.07 | 85.2 |
| D | 115.08 | 77.5 |
| E | 99.87 | 54.0 |
| CK | 64.83 | ～～ |
From table 2 and table 3, by A, B, C, D compared with E, CK, A, B, C, D have excellent foam performance, overall long
Gesture is better than E, CK, shows organic fertilizer nutrient comprehensively, joins in 30% fertilizer ratio and applies inorganic fertilizer and can more efficiently provide DABAI
Nutrient needed for dish growth, can preferably promote the growth promoter of plant, improve plant balling rate, thus improving its yield, increase
Economic benefit.In addition, application of organic fertilizers not only can reduce fertilizer application amount, also can improve soil physical and chemical property, improve arable land matter
Amount, has great importance to the soil compaction and problem of environmental pollution alleviated because a large amount of, single administration chemical fertilizer cause, for development
Green ecological agricultural, the sustainable development of realization agricultural create conditions.
To sum up, the method that utilization straw decomposing inoculant according to embodiments of the present invention prepares biological organic fertilizer, in digest process
Middle addition as the decomposing agent of culture medium fermenting and producing, is improve the nutritional labeling of decomposing agent, completes base by soak water of maize
The content of organic matter of fertilizer in the case of this function, can be improved.The decomposing agent cellulase work that the present invention uses reaches 55u/ml
G ()～65u/ml (g), can reach the purpose of quick decomposition straw stalk, the Straw manures time of typically becoming thoroughly decomposed is 20 days～40 days,
Can shorten, using the decomposing agent in the present invention, the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed, can complete within about 10 days～15 days.Prepared in accordance with the present invention organic
Fertilizer, the mass content of Organic substance is the mass content of 55%～75%, N is 1.4%～2.5%, P2O5Mass content be
0.58%～0.76%, K2The mass content of O is 4.5%～6.7%, has that quality is good, nutriment in a fertilizer is high, stable in properties, and crop is easy
The excellent properties such as absorption, can be widely applied to field, can reach the purpose of rapid stimulation plant growth after use, reduce seedling-slowing stage
With the demand to nutrient for the crop starting stage.The inventive method process is simple, low cost, easy and simple to handle, easily controllable, be conducive to
Industrializing implementation, has very high economic benefit.
In the description of this specification, reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means specific features, structure, material or the spy describing with reference to this embodiment or example
Point is contained at least one embodiment or the example of the present invention.In this manual, to the schematic representation of above-mentioned term not
Identical embodiment or example must be directed to.And, the specific features of description, structure, material or feature can be in office
Combine in an appropriate manner in one or more embodiments or example.Additionally, in the case of not conflicting, the skill of this area
The feature of the different embodiments described in this specification or example and different embodiment or example can be tied by art personnel
Close and combine.
Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described above it is to be understood that above-described embodiment is example
Property it is impossible to be interpreted as limitation of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention can be to above-mentioned
Embodiment is changed, changes, replacing and modification.
Claims (7)
1. prepare the method for biological organic fertilizer it is characterised in that comprising the steps using straw decomposing inoculant：
The preparation of straw decomposing inoculant：By bacillus subtilises, Bacillus licheniformis, yeast and aspergillus oryzae respectively at 33～36 DEG C
Under the conditions of culture 48～72 hours after, by described bacillus subtilises, described Bacillus licheniformis, described yeast and described rice
Aspergillosis are enlarged cultivating respectively, and the bacterial strain that will be enlarged by cultivating contains corn soaking according to addition after the mixing of predetermined quality percentage ratio
Cultivate in the fermentation medium of water to obtain composite bacteria liquid, after described composite bacteria liquid is concentrated, be spray-dried, rotten so that straw is obtained
Ripe dose；
Puddle material：After crushed stalk with feces of livestock and poultry according to weight ratio (1:1)～(4:1) mix, be subsequently adding described straw
Stalk decomposing agent and water carry out composting；
Corruption process：When in the fermented product buttress of above-mentioned composting, temperature is increased to 50 DEG C～70 DEG C, by described fermented product by extroversion
After inside stirring, fermented product described in composting 10 days～15 days, to obtain biological organic fertilizer.
2. according to claim 1 prepare the method for biological organic fertilizer using straw decomposing inoculant it is characterised in that described pre-
Determining mass percent is：Bacillus subtilis strain 25%～40%, lichem bacillus strain 20%～30%, yeast bacterium
Strain 20%～30%, remaining is aspergillus oryzae strain.
3. according to claim 1 prepare the method for biological organic fertilizer it is characterised in that described straw using straw decomposing inoculant
Stalk includes one or more of rice straw, corn straw, potato class straw or rape stalk.
4. according to claim 1 prepare the method for biological organic fertilizer using straw decomposing inoculant it is characterised in that described
In mixing process, described crushed stalk is the fragment of 5cm～10cm.
5. according to claim 1 prepare the method for biological organic fertilizer it is characterised in that described heap using straw decomposing inoculant
System operation is specially stacks into wide 1.5m～2m, the bar buttress shape of high 0.6m～1.5m by described fermented product.
6. according to claim 1 prepare the method for biological organic fertilizer using straw decomposing inoculant it is characterised in that described mixed
During mixing material, the content of the described straw decomposing inoculant of addition is：1 kilogram～5 kilograms described straw are added in every 1 ton of described straw
Stalk decomposing agent.
7. according to claim 1 prepare the method for biological organic fertilizer using straw decomposing inoculant it is characterised in that described mixed
During mixing material, the mass content of described water is 45%～60%.
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| CN110558187A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2019-12-13 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | method for planting lycoris radiata on coastal mud flat |
| CN111732468A (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2020-10-02 | 上海农乐生物制品股份有限公司 | Use of corn by-products in fecal treatment |
| CN112645746A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-13 | 东北农业大学 | Animal manure straw bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN113575327A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-11-02 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Simple and efficient cultivation method suitable for paddy-upland rotation in hilly areas |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110558187A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2019-12-13 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | method for planting lycoris radiata on coastal mud flat |
| CN111732468A (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2020-10-02 | 上海农乐生物制品股份有限公司 | Use of corn by-products in fecal treatment |
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| CN113575327A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-11-02 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Simple and efficient cultivation method suitable for paddy-upland rotation in hilly areas |
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Application publication date: 20170222 |