CN107285925A - A kind of method of utilization microorganism formulation stalk stack retting returning to the field - Google Patents
A kind of method of utilization microorganism formulation stalk stack retting returning to the field Download PDFInfo
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- CN107285925A CN107285925A CN201710689479.8A CN201710689479A CN107285925A CN 107285925 A CN107285925 A CN 107285925A CN 201710689479 A CN201710689479 A CN 201710689479A CN 107285925 A CN107285925 A CN 107285925A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method of utilization microorganism formulation stalk stack retting returning to the field, and step is as follows：Stalk is transported into rand nearby, surrounding grooving plays soil more than 30cm, and heap base pressure is put down, and stalk piles up width for 1.5 2.0 meters, high 1.5 1.8 meters, according to 20 30% addition dilution microbial inoculums of stalk weight, the product that becomes thoroughly decomposed is obtained, according to the product that becomes thoroughly decomposed：Compost preparation is 3:2 ratio addition compost preparation, is obturaged, ferment 10d, obtains the organic fertilizer of stalk fermentation, is used directly for returning to the field after being well mixed with mud or black plastic agricultural film.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to microbial technology field, and in particular to a kind of side of utilization microorganism formulation stalk stack retting returning to the field
Method.
Background technology
Through investigation, in recent years, Labile soil organic carbon reduction, soil organic matter content declines, and seriously governs farming
The raising of thing yield and quality.Soil organic matter content can be effectively increased by implementing stalk stack retting returning to the field, change soil physical chemistry year by year
Character, reaches improved soil, the good result of culture fertility.Therefore stalk stack retting returning to the field, is to maintain and increases soil fertility
Important channel, is an outlet for solving current agricultural crop straw Utilizing question.In agricultural crop straw containing substantial amounts of organic matter,
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element, are one of important organic fertilizer resources of agricultural production.According to surveying and determination, containing big in the stalk of stalk, leaf, root
Nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium Organic Ingredients of amount, analysis are drawn, nitrogenous 0.48 kilogram in every 100 kilograms of fresh stalks, 0.38 kilogram of phosphorus, potassium
1.67 kilograms, equivalent to 2.4 kilograms nitrogenous fertilizer, 3.8 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, 3.4 kilograms of potash fertilizer.For Shandong, 25,000,000 tons
Stockpile the nutrient contained by stalk and be equivalent to 300,000 tons of urea, 420,000 tons of general calcium, 530,000 tons of potassium sulfate.If by 500 kilograms of farmings
Thing straw-returning, is equivalent to apply standard fertilizer more than 50 kilograms to soil, soil organic matter content can be improved, and
And reduce the unit weight of soil, water penetration, gas permeability, ability of retaining and conserveing soil moisture increase, and can become the crumb structure of soil
Change, keep rarefaction, effectively alleviate the problem of soil is easily hardened.The straw biological fertilizer produced using stalk, fertilizer efficiency is higher.
According to experiment, every mu of soil base applies 250 kilograms of straw biological fertilizer, equivalent to 100 kilograms ammonium hydrogen carbonate of its fertilizer efficiency, 50 kilograms of mistake phosphorus
Sour calcium and 20 kilograms of potassium sulfate, but also be the important fertilizer source of pollution-less agriculture with good ecological benefits.Therefore,
Stalk is used as fertilizer application farmland by comprehensively utilizing, and is supplement and balances soil nutrient, the effective ways of improved soil, for
Promote the sustainable development of soil production benign cycle, raising arable land basic topography and agricultural significant.
Straw-returning, which has, promotes the soil organism and nitrogen, phosphorus, the increase of potassium equal size, coordinates contradiction out of proportion；
Improve guarantor's accumulation of energy power of soil moisture；Straw-returning technology is environmental protection, the strategic choice of carrying for promoting agricultural sustainable development.It is logical
Straw-returning is crossed, soil organic matter content can be effectively increased, improved soil, accelerates immature soil into cultivated land, increase soil fertility.Improve and plant
Strain character, improves crop yield；The advantages of improving soil property, increase crumb structure.The getting fat production-increasing function of straw-returning shows
Write, can typically increase production 5%~10%, be to promote stable and high agricultural yields, high speed, walk the important channel of sustainable development path.But
Reach such effect, not a duck soup.If method is improper, the increase of soil germ is also resulted in, crop disease is aggravated and is short of seedling
（Stiff seedling）Etc. bad phenomenon.Therefore rational straw-returning measure is taken, can just plays good field effect.
1st, straw-returning supplements soil nutrient.Crop material contains certain nutrient and cellulose, hemicellulose, wooden
Element, protein and ash element, existing more organic matter, there is the nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium again.If stalk is transported from field
Walk, then the organic matter remained in soil only has 10% or so, causes soil fertility to decline.So, fertilising or straw are only passed through
The approach such as stalk returning to the field can just be supplemented.
2nd, straw-returning promotes microbial activities.Edaphon has in whole Agro-ecological System decomposes soil
The important function of organic matter and purification soil.The synthesis of organic matter is usually completed by plant leaf green, and the decomposition of organic matter is then by micro-
Biology is completed.Straw-returning adds mass energy material to edaphon, all kinds of micro organism quantities and enzymatic activity also phase
It should increase；Microorganism 18.9% can be increased by carrying out straw-returning, and contact enzymatic activity can increase by 33%, and invertase activity can increase by 47%,
Urease can increase by 17%.This has speeded up decomposition to organic substance and the conversion of mineral matter nutrient, make nitrogen in soil,
The elements such as phosphorus, potassium increase, the validity of soil nutrient also increases.Cellulose, the wood produced after being converted through microorganism decomposition
The black colloid substances such as quality, polysaccharide and humic acid, with the ability for bonding grogs, form with clay mineral and organic are answered with inorganic
Zoarium, promotes Zinc fractions crumb structure, mitigates volume weight of soils, increase soil reclaimed water, fertilizer, the coordination ability of air and heat, improves
Soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation, the ability of fertilizer, improve soil physical and chemical property.
3rd, straw-returning can reduce fertilizer application amount.Agriculture developed country all focuses on fertilization structure, such as american agriculture very much
The amount of application of fertilizer is controlled within the 1/3 of total dose always, Canada, the most of corn in the U.S., stalk all returning to the field of wheat.
Original nitrogen of the nitrogen that crop is absorbed in soil.23%-24% is only accounted for from chemical fertilizer.Even if this explanation using
Chemical fertilizer, soil organic matter is still most important to plant growth.So, straw-returning is to make up the pole that defect is used for a long time in chemical fertilizer
Good method.
4th, straw-returning can improve agroecological environment.The stalk in rural area 80% mainly takes burning to handle, and pollutes sky
Gas, influence traffic, upper soll layer coking etc., also cause fire sometimes.In addition, arbitrarily disposal can also influence Agro-ecology ring to stalk
Border.So straw-returning is advantageously implemented the comprehensive utilization of agricultural wastes.
At present, develop preferable crop material quick composting agent turns into a focus of microorganism formulation.It is such
Application of the product in China agriculturally is in the starting stage, although some kinds have applied several years, also effective good production
Product, but most product still suffers from many and wants improved place, and application effect also also needs to the checking of multispots trial, particularly in production
In terms of technical indicator, strain combination and the raising agricultural product quality of quality.Prior art it is known that energy decomposition of cellulose
Bacterial spore Bacillus（Bacillus）, class bacillus（Paenibacillus）, pseudomonas (Pseudomones）、
Vibrio (Vibrio）, Micrococcus (Micrococcus）, streptococcus (Streptococcus）, fusobacterium
(Clostridium）, Promyxobacterium (Promyxobecterium）, Cytophaga (Cytophaga）, raw born of the same parents' Cytophaga
Belong to (Sporocytophage）, heap capsule Pseudomonas (Sorangium）, Spirochaeta (Spirochaeta）Etc..
In existing operation, straw-returning is only pursued by many peasant households, is not dealt with after straw-returning, straw decomposing speed
Slowly, the cycle is long, causes in the increase of soil germ, crop disease man, influence seeding quality and plant growth and yield.Micro- life
The key of thing straw biological conversion has three：Microbial degradation lignin and cellulose；Microbial single-cell albumen is produced, is improved
The nutritive value of stalk；Optimized production process.And how according to the strain characteristic that is separated to, it is independent or compound, then detect and test it
Capacity of decomposition, selected matched combined is even more the most important thing.
The content of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve prior art in stalk stack retting, because stalk carbon-nitrogen ratio is high, difficult in its natural state
To be decomposed by the microorganisms, so that the cycle for the conversion that causes after straw-returning to be decomposed in soil is long, it is difficult to be used as this season crop
The problem of source of manure.The method and microorganism formulation of a kind of utilization microbial straw stack retting returning to the field are provided, the micro- of the present invention is used
Biological agent fermented stalk, obtains organic fertilizer, decomposition into field.
The microorganism formulation of the present invention, reasonable compatibility between each strain, symbiosis is coordinated, mutually not antagonism, its preparation method letter
Just, it is easy to implement the method, because material is thoroughly become thoroughly decomposed during processing, produce a large amount of functional microorganisms and a variety of metabolism
Product such as plant hormone, antibiotic etc., so as to stimulate crop growth, improve soil nutrient, improved soil structure, raisingization
Fertile utilization rate, its is easy to operate, beneficial to production.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization：
A kind of method of utilization microorganism formulation stalk stack retting returning to the field, step is as follows：
（1）Stalk is transported to rand or low-lying land nearby, surrounding grooving plays soil more than 30cm, and heap base pressure is put down, made real, prevent from running
Water；
（2）Stalk piles up width for 1.5-2.0 meters, and high 1.5-1.8 meters, length is not limited；
（3）Microorganism formulation proposes the previous day plus 10 times of weight water dilutions（Be conducive to recovering and strengthen the vigor and activity of strain, carry
High decomposing agent degenerates the efficiency of stalk）Dilution microbial inoculum is obtained, according to the 20-30% addition dilution microbial inoculums of stalk weight, is well mixed
Afterwards, fermented under normal temperature, fermentate temperature is detected in fermentation process, when temperature rises to more than 60 DEG C, by mixed material turning, this
Every other day turning once, and detects the moisture content of material afterwards, terminates fermentation when moisture content≤25%, obtains the product that becomes thoroughly decomposed；
（4）According to the product that becomes thoroughly decomposed：Compost preparation is 3:2 ratio addition compost preparation, mud or black plastic are used after being well mixed
Agricultural film is obturaged, and ferment 10 d, obtains the organic fertilizer of stalk fermentation, is used directly for returning to the field.
The compost preparation is cake powder：Lime：Urea is according to 7-8:4-5:3-4 weight is than preparing.
The microorganism formulation is by composite bacteria liquid and carrier 2:3 weight is than preparing；
The composite bacteria liquid is by saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus subtilis, Acinetobacter bauamnnii, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, aspergillus niger, Lee
Family name's trichoderma is according to 6:5:4:4:4:2 volume ratio mixing.
The saccharomyces cerevisiae is (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ATCC 9763；
The bacillus subtilis is（Bacillus subtilis）ATCC 6633；
The Acinetobacter bauamnnii is（Acinetobacter baumannii）ATCC19606;
The bacillus amyloliquefaciens are（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）ATCC 23843；
The aspergillus niger is（Aspergillus niger）ATCC 6275;
The Li Shi trichodermas are Li Shi trichodermas（Trichodermareesei）ATCC 24449;
The preparation method of the composite bacteria agent is as follows：By saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus subtilis, Acinetobacter bauamnnii, solution starch bud
It is 5-8 × 10 that spore bacillus, aspergillus niger, Li Shi trichodermas are cultivated to concentration respectively9Individual/ml bacterium solution, then according to 6:5:4:4:4:2
Volume ratio mixing, produce；Composite bacteria agent in the range of this bacteria concentration, meeting quick composting stalk, if bacterium number is smaller, straw
The time of stalk recovery can extend, the sowing of one batch of crop so under the influence of meeting, and bacterium number excessively can increase toxigenic capacity.
The carrier is：Chitosan, attapulgite compare 2 according to weight:5 weight are than preparing；
The Straw manures uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields Straw manures according to 300kg/ mus of amount of application to be used in field as base manure,
Spread fertilizer over the fields and field is turned over after finishing.
Stubble is corn before the crop, and lower stubble is wheat；
The cake powder is peanut cake, soya-bean cake, rape cake or cottonseed cake.
Strain of the present invention can be from China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center
And American Type Culture collection warehousing (CGMCC)（ATCC）It is commercially available.
The bacterium solution of concentration needed for strain of the present invention can be obtained by conventional cultural method, as space is limited, and
Do not repeat one by one.
The microorganism formulation that the present invention is provided can under cryogenic 10-18 DEG C quickening the quick returning to the field of stalk, the microbial inoculum
There is good cooperative effect between microorganism；There is efficient degradation property to stalks such as the corn, the paddy rice that are difficult to degrade, especially
It is under cryogenic；Adapt to external environment ability strong；The microbial inoculum is mainly used in crop material decomposition into field in agricultural planting,
It is translated into efficient, safe and environment-friendly biological organic fertilizer.Field straw can rapidly be become thoroughly decomposed at one week or so, relative to existing
The microbial inoculum for having technology greatly reduces the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and solves in crops straw returning field and there is the problem of slow, returning to the field of becoming thoroughly decomposed is difficult,
Soil organic matter content is improved, the effect of " land used is increased soil fertility " is served, the political affairs in straw-returning problem for a long time have been cracked
The quagmire that mansion is encouraged, peasant slacks off.
Microbe species collocation of the present invention is reasonable, with strong complementarity by the synergy of several different strains,
It can rapidly be bred using rear composite bacteria agent, form dominant population, and can be brought rapidly up, promote the decomposition of stalk, and heap
The nutrient content such as organic matter is high after corruption；Can using dominant bacteria destroy stalk eucaryotic cell structure, effectively facilitate starch, protein,
The dissolution of the active ingredients such as cellulose, lignin, so that the oxidation such as protein, cellulose, lignin of most of difficult degradation
Decompose, to mitigate the pressure of subsequent degradation, and, produce more than 60 DEG C of high temperature to accelerate the speed of maize straw degraded, overcome
The problem of Straw decomposing transformation period is long caused by northern temperature is relatively low；
The mutual not antagonism of microorganism formulation of the present invention, synergy not only has the powerful effect of becoming thoroughly decomposed to organic materials, and in fermentation
During also breed a large amount of function bacteriums and produce a variety of special efficacy metabolites, so as to stimulate crop growth, improve crop and resist
Disease, drought resisting, cold tolerance, function bacterium enter after soil, can fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing, increase soil nutrient, improved soil knot
Structure, raising chemical fertilizer utilization ratio.
The application adds urea during the fermentation can accelerate to form humus, promote the formation of crop fertilizer, be conducive to
The shortening of degradation cycle, and can make in the Straw manures prepared that nitrogen, phosphorus, Determination of Potassium are high, be conducive to further raising
Soil fertility.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1：
A kind of method of utilization microorganism formulation stalk stack retting returning to the field, step is as follows：
（1）Stalk is transported to rand or low-lying land nearby, surrounding grooving plays soil more than 30cm, and heap base pressure is put down, made real, prevent from running
Water；
（2）Stalk piles up width for 2.0 meters, and high 1.5 meters, length is not limited；
（3）Microorganism formulation proposes the previous day plus 10 times of weight water dilutions（Be conducive to recovering and strengthen the vigor and activity of strain, carry
High decomposing agent degenerates the efficiency of stalk）Dilution microbial inoculum is obtained, according to 20% addition dilution microbial inoculum of stalk weight, after being well mixed,
Fermented under normal temperature, fermentate temperature is detected in fermentation process, when temperature rises to more than 60 DEG C, by mixed material turning, hereafter
Every other day turning once, and detects the moisture content of material, terminates fermentation when moisture content≤25%, obtains the product that becomes thoroughly decomposed；
（4）According to the product that becomes thoroughly decomposed：Compost preparation is 3:2 ratio addition compost preparation, mud or black plastic are used after being well mixed
Agricultural film is obturaged, and ferment 10 d, obtains the organic fertilizer of stalk fermentation, is used directly for returning to the field.
The compost preparation is cake powder：Lime：Urea is according to 7:4:3 weight is than preparing.
The microorganism formulation is by composite bacteria liquid and carrier 2:3 weight is than preparing；
The composite bacteria liquid is by saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus subtilis, Acinetobacter bauamnnii, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, aspergillus niger, Lee
Family name's trichoderma is according to 6:5:4:4:4:2 volume ratio mixing.
The saccharomyces cerevisiae is (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ATCC 9763；
The bacillus subtilis is（Bacillus subtilis）ATCC 6633；
The Acinetobacter bauamnnii is（Acinetobacter baumannii）ATCC 19606;
The bacillus amyloliquefaciens are（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）ATCC 23843；
The aspergillus niger is（Aspergillus niger）ATCC 6275;
The Li Shi trichodermas are Li Shi trichodermas（Trichodermareesei）ATCC 24449;
The preparation method of the composite bacteria agent is as follows：By saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus subtilis, Acinetobacter bauamnnii, solution starch bud
It is 5 × 10 that spore bacillus, aspergillus niger, Li Shi trichodermas are cultivated to concentration respectively9Individual/ml bacterium solution, then according to 6:5:4:4:4:2
Volume ratio is mixed, and is produced；Composite bacteria agent in the range of this bacteria concentration, meeting quick composting stalk, if bacterium number is smaller, stalk
The time of recovery can extend, the sowing of one batch of crop so under the influence of meeting, and bacterium number excessively can increase toxigenic capacity.
The carrier is：Chitosan, attapulgite compare 2 according to weight:5 weight are than preparing；
The Straw manures uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields Straw manures according to 300kg/ mus of amount of application to be used in field as base manure,
Spread fertilizer over the fields and field is turned over after finishing.
Stubble is corn before the crop, and lower stubble is wheat；
The cake powder is soya-bean cake.
Strain of the present invention can be from China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center
And American Type Culture collection warehousing (CGMCC)（ATCC）It is commercially available.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of method of utilization microorganism formulation stalk stack retting returning to the field, step is as follows：
（1）Stalk is transported to rand or low-lying land nearby, surrounding grooving plays soil more than 30cm, and heap base pressure is put down, made real, prevent from running
Water；
（2）Stalk piles up width for 1.5 meters, and high 1.8 meters, length is not limited；
（3）Microorganism formulation proposes the previous day plus 10 times of weight water dilutions（Be conducive to recovering and strengthen the vigor and activity of strain, carry
High decomposing agent degenerates the efficiency of stalk）Dilution microbial inoculum is obtained, according to 30% addition dilution microbial inoculum of stalk weight, after being well mixed,
Fermented under normal temperature, fermentate temperature is detected in fermentation process, when temperature rises to more than 60 DEG C, by mixed material turning, hereafter
Every other day turning once, and detects the moisture content of material, terminates fermentation when moisture content≤25%, obtains the product that becomes thoroughly decomposed；
（4）According to the product that becomes thoroughly decomposed：Compost preparation is 3:2 ratio addition compost preparation, mud or black plastic are used after being well mixed
Agricultural film is obturaged, and ferment 10 d, obtains the organic fertilizer of stalk fermentation, is used directly for returning to the field.
The compost preparation is cake powder：Lime：Urea is according to 8:5:4 weight is than preparing.
The microorganism formulation is by composite bacteria liquid and carrier 2:3 weight is than preparing；
The composite bacteria liquid is by saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus subtilis, Acinetobacter bauamnnii, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, aspergillus niger, Lee
Family name's trichoderma is according to 6:5:4:4:4:2 volume ratio mixing.
The saccharomyces cerevisiae is (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ATCC 9763；
The bacillus subtilis is（Bacillus subtilis）ATCC 6633；
The Acinetobacter bauamnnii is（Acinetobacter baumannii）ATCC19606;
The bacillus amyloliquefaciens are（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）ATCC 23843；
The aspergillus niger is（Aspergillus niger）ATCC 6275;
The Li Shi trichodermas are Li Shi trichodermas（Trichodermareesei）ATCC 24449;
The preparation method of the composite bacteria agent is as follows：By saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus subtilis, Acinetobacter bauamnnii, solution starch bud
It is 8 × 10 that spore bacillus, aspergillus niger, Li Shi trichodermas are cultivated to concentration respectively9Individual/ml bacterium solution, then according to 6:5:4:4:4:2
Volume ratio is mixed, and is produced；Composite bacteria agent in the range of this bacteria concentration, meeting quick composting stalk, if bacterium number is smaller, stalk
The time of recovery can extend, the sowing of one batch of crop so under the influence of meeting, and bacterium number excessively can increase toxigenic capacity.
The carrier is：Chitosan, attapulgite compare 2 according to weight:5 weight are than preparing；
The Straw manures uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields Straw manures according to 300kg/ mus of amount of application to be used in field as base manure,
Spread fertilizer over the fields and field is turned over after finishing.
Stubble is corn before the crop, and lower stubble is wheat；
The cake powder is rape cake.
Strain of the present invention can be from China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center
And American Type Culture collection warehousing (CGMCC)（ATCC）It is commercially available.
Embodiment 3：Influence of the crops straw returning field to topsoil soils
Increase soil fertility using embodiment 1-2 maize straw method, wherein, corn stalk during maize straw machinery returning to the field
The amount of application of stalk be 300kg/ mu, respectively collection experiment before and test 1 year after topsoil soils, analyze its basic physics and chemistry number
Value, concrete outcome is shown in Table 1：
Influence of the straw-returning mode of table 1 to soil
| Organic matter（g/kg） | Full nitrogen（g/kg） | Phosphorus（g/kg） | Potassium（g/kg） | Unit weight（g/cm3） | |
| Soil base value | 15.73 | 1.27 | 17.5 | 211.04 | 1.32 |
| Maize straw machinery returning to the field | 19.23 | 1.43 | 19.2 | 237.03 | 1.29 |
| Embodiment 1 | 26.28 | 2.44 | 28.27 | 277.45 | 1.19 |
| Embodiment 2 | 27.44 | 2.62 | 28.91 | 29133 | 1.20 |
As it can be seen from table 1 after using embodiment 1-2 maize straw method, the physicochemical property of soil has obtained very big
Change, not only Nutrient Elements in Soil content substantial increase, fertility is greatly improved, and also reduces the soil weight, increase
Soil porosity is added.And by the way of the mechanical returning to the field of maize straw, nitrogen, P elements increment in the rotten rear soil of stalk
It is smaller for embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, because the nitrogen P elements contained in maize straw are relatively low, and nitrogen
P elements will also be influenceed by soil environment (air, temperature, moisture, microbial activities) and crop vigor and respiratory intensity,
Content can be reduced further, in order to maintain plant growth, generally required and applied composite fertilizer in addition, and embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 exist
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element are just supplemented when fermentation, microorganism normal growth, and remaining a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element is maintained
It can also be retained in the Straw manures that fermentation is obtained, the need for edaphon and plant growth are disclosure satisfy that after returning to the field.
Acted synergistically between the application microorganism formulation composition of embodiment 4：
It regard composite bacteria liquid made from embodiment 1 as experimental group；
Compare one group：Without saccharomyces cerevisiae, remaining be the same as Example 1；
Compare two groups：Without bacillus subtilis, remaining be the same as Example 1；
Compare three groups：Without Acinetobacter bauamnnii, remaining be the same as Example 1；
Compare four groups：Without bacillus amyloliquefaciens, remaining be the same as Example 1；
Compare five groups：Without black-koji mould, remaining be the same as Example 1；
Compare six groups：Without Li Shi trichodermas, remaining be the same as Example 1.
Blank control group：Without composite bacteria liquid, the blank control group of water is only added,
8 experimental groups altogether, 2 repetitions are tested.Fresh stalk is taken to be intercepted, it is ensured that the stalk of every group of experiment quite, is kept
Apply water, temperature, humidity, sunlight sunshine condition consistent, other conditions are also essentially identical.
Respectively by eight experimental group composite bacteria liquids（Blank group only water）Carry the previous day plus 10 times of water dilutions obtain dilution activation
Liquid, according to 20% addition dilution activating solution of stalk weight,
All experimental groups are placed in identical environment and the daily degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed of Timing measurement temperature, humidity change, and stalk.
The calculation formula of resolution ratio is：
Rate of corrosion (part)=(weight of stalk after becoming thoroughly decomposed/weight of stalk before being become thoroughly decomposed) × 100%
Fermentation maturity is after 7 days at the same time, and the decomposition of the stalk from eight test groups are compared in terms of color, feel and stretching resistance becomes
Change situation is referring to table 2；
The straw decomposing contrast test of table 2
| Embodiment 1 | Control one | Control two | Control three | Control four | Control five | Control six | Blank control | |
| Color | Dark-grey rust | Brown rust | Brown rust | Grey | Grey | It is dark blue or green | It is dark blue or green | Without significant change |
| Feel | It is very soft | It is slightly soft | It is slightly soft | It is soft | It is slightly soft | It is slightly soft | It is slightly soft | Firmly |
| Smell | It is very smelly | It is slightly smelly | Micro- corruption | It is smelly | It is slightly smelly | Micro- corruption | Micro- corruption | Without significant change |
| Rate of corrosion | 65% | 34% | 27% | 40% | 30% | 22% | 29% | 10% |
Influence of the direct decomposition into field of embodiment 5 to crop yield.
Stubble is the plot of corn before choosing, and plot is divided into three parts, in the case of other cultivate condition identical, does following
Three kinds of processing：
Test 1 group：By preceding stubble corn decomposition into field, using the method for embodiment 1, by maize straw full dose returning to the field on the spot, then
Wheat is planted, no longer applies other fertilizer during wheat growth；
Test 2 groups：By preceding stubble corn decomposition into field, using the method for embodiment 2, by maize straw full dose returning to the field on the spot, then
Wheat is planted, no longer applies other fertilizer during wheat growth；
Control group：Then preceding stubble corn is planted in wheat, wheat growth according to conventional amount used using 15-15-15 N P and Ks
NPK；
Under three kinds of dispositions, the wheat per mu yield situation in each plot is as shown in table 3.
Each plot wheat per mu yield situation of table 3
| Area（Mu） | Yield（Kg/ mus） | |
| Test 1 group | 3.2 | 608.4 |
| Test 2 groups | 3.5 | 616.7 |
| Control group | 3.3 | 550.5 |
As can be seen from the above table, by after the direct decomposition into field of maize straw, while succession crop does not apply fertilizer, wheat is still
So increase production 10.5% and 12.3% respectively than Routine control group, it can be seen that, maize straw method of the invention can change
Kind soil physico-chemical property, increases soil fertility, reduces the administration of chemical fertilizer, and improve crop yield.
Although above having made detailed explanation to this case with generality explanation and embodiment, in the present invention
On the basis of, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, not
Deviate the modification or improvement made on the basis of present invention spirit, belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method of utilization microorganism formulation stalk stack retting returning to the field, it comprises the following steps：
（1）Stalk is transported into rand nearby, surrounding grooving plays soil more than 30cm, and heap base pressure is put down；
（2）Stalk piles up width for 1.5-2.0 meters, and high 1.5-1.8 meters, length is not limited；
（3）Microorganism formulation carries the previous day plus 10 times of weight water dilutions obtain dilution microbial inoculum, adds according to the 20-30% of stalk weight
Plus dilution microbial inoculum, after being well mixed, fermented under normal temperature, detect fermentate temperature in fermentation process, and detect the moisture content of material,
Terminate fermentation when moisture content≤25%, obtain the product that becomes thoroughly decomposed；
（4）According to the product that becomes thoroughly decomposed：Compost preparation is 3:2 part by weight addition compost preparation, mud or black are used after being well mixed
Plastic film is obturaged, and ferment 10 d, obtains the organic fertilizer of stalk fermentation, is used directly for returning to the field.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the microorganism formulation is by composite bacteria liquid and carrier 2:3
Weight is than preparing.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the compost preparation is by cake powder：Lime：Urea is according to 7-8:
4-5:3-4 weight is than preparing.
4. the method according to claim 1-3, it is characterised in that the composite bacteria liquid is by saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus subtilis
Bacterium, Acinetobacter bauamnnii, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, aspergillus niger, Li Shi trichodermas are according to 6:5:4:4:4:2 volume ratio mixing system
It is standby.
5. the method according to claim 1-4, it is characterised in that
The saccharomyces cerevisiae is (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ATCC 9763；
The bacillus subtilis is（Bacillus subtilis）ATCC 6633；
The Acinetobacter bauamnnii is（Acinetobacter baumannii）ATCC19606;
The bacillus amyloliquefaciens are（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）ATCC 23843；
The aspergillus niger is（Aspergillus niger）ATCC 6275;
The Li Shi trichodermas are Li Shi trichodermas（Trichodermareesei）ATCC 24449.
6. the method according to claim 1-5, it is characterised in that the preparation method of the composite bacteria liquid is as follows：To be made wine ferment
Mother, bacillus subtilis, Acinetobacter bauamnnii, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, aspergillus niger, Li Shi trichodermas are cultivated to concentration and are respectively
（5-8）×109Individual/ml bacterium solution, then according to 6:5:4:4:4:2 volume ratio mixing, is produced.
7. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the carrier is by chitosan and attapulgite according to 2:5 weight
Than preparing.
8. the method according to claim 1-6, it is characterised in that the stalk is maize straw or wheat stalk, preferably
Maize straw.
9. the method according to claim 1-8, it is characterised in that the cake powder is groundnut meal, beancake powder, coarse colza meal
Or cottonseed meal.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107226760A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-10-03 | 朱玲芳 | A kind of method of maize straw full dose returning to the field on the spot |
| CN108191486A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-06-22 | 昆山合纵生态科技有限公司 | A kind of microorganism for system fertilizer of falling leaves and preparation method thereof |
| CN112521209A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-03-19 | 宁夏佳立马铃薯产业有限公司 | Method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by using waste potato seedlings |
| CN112746042A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-05-04 | 大庆石油管理局有限公司 | Straw-decomposing composite microbial inoculant and straw microbial fermentation and decomposition fertilizer production method |
| CN114031429A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-11 | 李永国 | Technology for composting and returning agricultural organic wastes to field in Shane area of Lunan province |
| CN114195577A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-18 | 福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所 | Method for safely composting and returning solanaceous straws to field |
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| CN102382768A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-03-21 | 武汉施瑞福生物技术有限公司 | Microbial straw decomposition additive as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN105218236A (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2016-01-06 | 安徽莱姆佳生物科技股份有限公司 | During High-Temperature Composting composition, During High-Temperature Composting and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102382768A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-03-21 | 武汉施瑞福生物技术有限公司 | Microbial straw decomposition additive as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107226760A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-10-03 | 朱玲芳 | A kind of method of maize straw full dose returning to the field on the spot |
| CN108191486A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-06-22 | 昆山合纵生态科技有限公司 | A kind of microorganism for system fertilizer of falling leaves and preparation method thereof |
| CN112521209A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-03-19 | 宁夏佳立马铃薯产业有限公司 | Method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by using waste potato seedlings |
| CN112746042A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-05-04 | 大庆石油管理局有限公司 | Straw-decomposing composite microbial inoculant and straw microbial fermentation and decomposition fertilizer production method |
| CN114031429A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-11 | 李永国 | Technology for composting and returning agricultural organic wastes to field in Shane area of Lunan province |
| CN114195577A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-18 | 福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所 | Method for safely composting and returning solanaceous straws to field |
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Application publication date: 20171024 |