CN103966150B - A kind of agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum and using method thereof and effect - Google Patents
A kind of agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum and using method thereof and effect Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 42
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title description 14
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 241000908011 Trichoderma aureoviride Species 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 241000881860 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007633 bacillus mucilaginosus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Cl] Chemical compound [Na].[Cl] DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum and in straw bioreactor and the application in making compost.Described microbial inoculum is by weight by the flat lead fungi of yellow spore 0.5 ~ 2 part, and trichoderma aureoviride 0.5 ~ 2 part, subtilis 0.5 ~ 2 part and Bacillus mucilaginosus 0.5 ~ 2 part are composited, living bacteria count 6 × 10
8individual/g.Straw decomposing microbial inoculum is applied in tomato straw bioreactor planting technology, and mean ground temperature 18.3 DEG C, improves 2.2 DEG C than the contrast with microbial inoculum; Average canopy temperature 14.3 DEG C, than contrast increase by 2.0 DEG C; Average CO
2concentration 956ppm is 2.17 times of contrast; Harvesting time was than contrast 15 days in advance; Per mu yield is 5881kg, than contrast volume increase 22.7%; Comparatively contrast, the generation of disease and pest is few.Microbial inoculum is applied to wheat stalk stack retting and becomes thoroughly decomposed, and decompose fast, compost flexibility is good, the basic decomposition of stalk, fermentation time compared with application market purchase the short of microbial inoculum.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Application Areas of agriculture microorganism on process agricultural crop straw, relate to a kind of agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum and the application on straw bioreactor and stack retting thereof.
Background technology
At present, China's agricultural crop straw generation reaches 7 ~ 1,000,000,000 tons, containing a large amount of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element in stalk, is one of organic fertilizer resource important in agriculture production.Straw directly returning to field is the project promoted in recent years, adopt straw-returning machine operation, mechanization degree is high, and the stalk treatment time is short, and the time of rotting in soil is long, affect ploughing and rotary tillage process, be unfavorable for sowing, in recent years, the thing of being burnt by stalk often occur, both do not reach the object of straw resource utilization, pollute environment again.
Biotechnology fast processing stalk is utilized to be the more solution of current application.Stalk fibre cellulose content is high, also there is a small amount of xylogen, and C/N, than too high, needs to add the bacterium that can utilize the function yeast of xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose and protein and disease-resistant getting fat effect, and adds dregs of beans, wheat bran and the urea etc. that regulate C/N ratio.Based on this, special proposition the present invention, to realize the fast processing of agricultural crop straw and the object of resource utilization.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum, it is characterized in that it is composited by decomposable asymmetric choice net xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose, protein, multiple bacterial strain that is disease-resistant and bacterial manure several functions, it is made up of each single strain fermented product of following portions by weight:
The yellow flat lead fungi of spore 0.5 ~ 2 part of trichoderma aureoviride 0.5 ~ 2 part
Subtilis 0.5 ~ 2 part of Bacillus mucilaginosus 0.5 ~ 2 part
Composite fungus agent living bacteria count reaches 6 × 10
8individual/g.
Agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum provided by the invention, its activeconstituents comprises the flat lead fungi of yellow spore (Phanerochaetechrysosporium), trichoderma aureoviride (Trichodermaaureoviride), subtilis (Bacillussubtilis) and Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillusmucilaginosus).
It is the bacterial strain of ACCC30414 that the flat lead fungi of described yellow spore specifically can be Chinese agriculture Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center deposit number.It is the bacterial strain of ACCC32248 that described trichoderma aureoviride specifically can be Chinese agriculture Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center deposit number.It is the bacterial strain of ACCC11089 that described subtilis specifically can be Chinese agriculture Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center deposit number.It is the bacterial strain of ACCC10013 that described Bacillus mucilaginosus specifically can be Chinese agriculture Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center deposit number.
The present invention further discloses the using method of agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum, it is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
One, the using method of composite fungus agent in straw bioreactor:
(1) microbial inoculum pre-treatment: according to the ratio of 1 kilogram of microbial inoculum, 15 kilograms of wheat bran, after microbial inoculum and wheat bran are done and mixed thoroughly, adds water in the ratio of 1kg wheat bran, warm water 1kg and again mixes thoroughly, mixes to hold hand seam with hand one and drip and be advisable, and the bacterial classification the mixed 10cm that makes thinner deposits;
(2) ditch: in canopy, plant line position, dig a width 55 ~ 85 centimetres, the ditch of dark 20 ~ 30 centimetres along North and South direction, trench digging length and row appearance etc., excavation soil divides by equivalent puts ditch both sides;
(3) stalk is spread: after trench digging, by the consumption of 3500 ~ 4500 kilograms every mu, lay dry straw in ditch, it is even, steady and sure to spread, thickness 20 ~ 30 centimetres, and the two ends, north and south of ditch allow part stalk basset 10 centimetres, to enter oxygen, every mu applies 150kg cake fertilizer and regulates C/N ratio.
(4) inoculate: by 8 kilograms every mu pure microbial inoculum access amounts, pretreated microbial inoculum is evenly sprinkling upon on stalk, by the earthen backfill on ditch both sides on stalk, thickness of earth covering 18-20 centimetres, forms plantation ridge, and is flattened in face, ridge;
(5) water: be advisable with drenched stalk, water surface elevation reach ridge high 3/4ths, after 3 ~ 4 days, by levelling for face, ridge, on stalk, soil thickness keeps 20 centimetres, overlay film;
(6) punch: after watering 3 ~ 4 days, 3 perform hole are made a call to 12# reinforcing bar in ridge, line-spacing 20 ~ 25 centimetres, pitch-row 20 centimetres, hole depth is as the criterion to penetrate stalk layer, in order to entering oxygen fermentation, promoting stover, waiting for field planting;
(7) field planting field management: at stalk through Microorganism decomposing after 15 days, field planting crop, generally flood is not watered during field planting, only water little water, other Cultivate administration conveniently carries out, and after field planting, 3 days pliotherm periods, hypothermic phase water once permeable in 5 ~ 6 days, in time entering ground, promptly make a call to a hole, later punching will with previous dislocation, monthly punch in vegetative period 1 ~ 2 time.
Two, the using method of composite fungus agent in agricultural crop straw stack retting:
1, the C/N ratio adjusting agricultural crop straw is 25 ~ 30:1, and control moisture 55 ~ 60%, every 5 side's agricultural crop straws add 1 kilogram of composite fungus agent, turns over and smashes evenly;
2, grow up trapezoidal by agricultural crop straw good for pre-treatment heap, heap top width 1 meter, heap bottom width 2 meters, piles high summer and autumn 1.2 ~ 1.5 meters, winter-spring season 1.5 ~ 2.0 meters, and heap is long to be determined according to place, often piles volume and is no less than 5 sides;
3, after fermentation starts, keep three days when 20 ~ 30 centimetres of depths temperature of charge rise to 55 DEG C, then turn over and smash once, after heap temperature rises to 55 DEG C again, keep three days, then turn over and smash once; Carry out turning over smashing according to heap tender feeling condition afterwards, temperature upward period does not turn over and smashes, and temperature stops rising then to turn over smashing, and repeat this step, until when heap temperature is identical with external temperature, moisture is down to below 30%, namely complete fermenting process, whole fermentation period is generally 20 ~ 30 days.
The present invention further discloses crop straw decomposing inoculant in the application of decomposing on xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose and protein and anti-cucumber fusarium axysporum and effect.
Also disclose the application of agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum on farm crop straw organism nuclear reactor art, and the application in agricultural crop straw stack retting.Described agricultural crop straw refers to maize straw, wheat stalk and rice straw etc.
Agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum is applied in the plantation of tomato biological straw bioreactor, and mean ground temperature is 18.3 DEG C, increases by 2.2 DEG C than the contrast with microbial inoculum; Average canopy temperature is 14.3 DEG C, than contrast increase by 2.0 DEG C; Average CO
2concentration is 956ppm, is 2.17 times of contrast; Harvesting time was than contrast 15 days in advance; Per mu yield is 5881kg, volume increase 22.7%; The use of composite fungus agent decreases the generation of disease and pest.
Described invention agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum is applied to wheat stalk stack retting and becomes thoroughly decomposed, and decompose fast, compost flexibility is good, the basic decomposition of stalk, and fermentation time comparatively contrasts short, is better than market and purchases other microbial inoculum.
Decomposing microbial inoculum energy quick composting agricultural crop straw provided by the invention, can be applicable to stack retting and the straw bioreactor of stalk.The content of the soil organism and the nutritive element such as phosphorus, potassium significantly can be increased by the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed that described decomposing microbial inoculum fermentation agricultural crop straw is made, improve quantity of useful microbe in nutrient conversion efficiency and product, promote soil remediation, culture fertility, strengthen the disease resistance of crop simultaneously, improve crop quality, reduce and drop into, improve output, promote to increase income.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is the systematic quantification routine analyzer figure of Mierocrystalline cellulose and xylogen.
Embodiment
Following embodiment is convenient to understand the present invention better, but does not limit the present invention.Experimental technique in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is ordinary method.Test materials used in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is and purchases available from routine biochemistry reagent shop.Quantitative test in following examples, all arranges and repeats experiment for three times, results averaged.
Following bacterial strain is all available from Chinese agriculture Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center (AgriculturalCultureCollectionofChina is called for short ACCC):
The yellow flat lead fungi of spore (Phanerochaetechrysosporium): ACCC deposit number is 30414, is called for short ACCC30414;
Trichoderma aureoviride (Trichodermaaureoviride): ACCC deposit number is 32248, is called for short ACCC32248;
Subtilis (Bacillussubtilis): ACCC deposit number is 11089, is called for short ACCC11089;
Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillusmucilaginosus): ACCC deposit number is 10013, is called for short ACCC10013.
embodiment 1:
the preparation of substratum and bacterial classification
One, the preparation of substratum
1, potato, glucose agar medium (PDA)
Remove the potato 200 grams of skin, be cut into small pieces, the 1000ml that adds water boils 30 minutes, elimination potato ball, filtrate is complemented to 1000ml, adds glucose 20 grams, 15 grams, agar, dissolves rear packing, 15 pounds of sterilizings 30 minutes, pH nature, does not add agar during obtaining liq substratum.
2, nutrient agar
Be made up of peptone 5g, sodium-chlor 5g, extractum carnis 3g and distilled water 1000ml.PH7.0(solid medium adds agar 15-20g).
3, B. mucilaginocus substratum
Yeast extract paste 0.4g, N.F,USP MANNITOL 10.0g, K
2hPO
40.5g, MgSO
47H
2o0.2g, FeCl
30.005g, CaCO
31.0g, distilled water 1000.0ml, pH7.0-7.2, add 15 grams of agar during preparation solid medium.
4, solid fermentation substratum
Wheat bran 80g, dregs of beans 10g, (NH
4)
2sO
41.0g, KH
2pO
40.2g, MgSO
47H
200.05g, 80mL distilled water.
Two, the activation of bacterial classification
The yellow flat lead fungi of spore and trichoderma aureoviride are seeded on PDA substratum; Subtilis is seeded on nutrient agar substratum; Bacillus mucilaginosus is seeded on B. mucilaginocus substratum.
Flat for yellow spore lead fungi, trichoderma aureoviride, subtilis and Bacillus mucilaginosus are carried out inclined-plane switching respectively, access respective ramp substratum, activation culture 2-3 days.
Three, single bacterial classification preparation
1, the cultivation of the flat lead fungi of yellow spore and trichoderma aureoviride and fermentation
Inclined-plane and Shake flask medium are potato, glucose agar medium, and slant medium adds agar.Liquid nutrient medium is sub-packed in 500ml triangular flask after sterilizing, accesses each fungi slant strains, shaking table speed 180r/min, cultivate 48 hours for 28 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, when occurring in shaking flask that density is large, mycelium pellet is obviously not muddy.Seeding tank and fermentation cylinder for fermentation substratum are the cooking liquor of 1000kg water, the soya-bean milk of 8.75kg soybean, the starch of 6.5kg, 1kg glucose and 2kg potato, pH7.0, through 121 DEG C of real tank sterilizings after 30 minutes, cultivate 48 hours, after the mycelium pellet that density is large appears in fermented liquid at 28 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, be inoculated on solid fermentation substratum, inoculum size 10%, 121 DEG C, 0.1MPa autoclaving 30min, 25 DEG C of solid fermentations cultivate 48h, and spore count reaches 6 × 10
8individual/g.
2, the cultivation of subtilis and fermentation
Slant medium and Shake flask medium are all nutrient agar, 15 grams of agar are added during preparation solid medium, seeding tank and fermentation tank culture medium are 1000kg water, the soya-bean milk of 8.75kg soybean, the starch of 6.5kg, 1kg glucose, CaCO3100g, FeCl310g, pH7.0, through 121 DEG C of real tank sterilizings after 30 minutes, cultivate 24 ~ 36 hours, when in every ml fermented liquid, bacterium number reaches 10 × 10 at 28 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C
8individual/g.Then on the vermiculite being adsorbed in 1 part by the fermented liquid of weight ratio 3 parts respectively, normal temperature dries and namely obtains subtilis single strain microbial inoculum.
3, the cultivation of Bacillus mucilaginosus and fermentation
Slant medium and Shake flask medium are all B. mucilaginocus substratum, seeding tank and fermentation tank culture medium are 1000kg water, the soya-bean milk of 8.75kg soybean, the starch of 6.5kg, 1kg glucose, CaCO3100g, FeCl310g, pH7.0, through 121 DEG C of real tank sterilizings after 30 minutes, cultivate 48 hours, when in every ml fermented liquid, bacterium number reaches 5 × 10 at 28 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C
8cfu/g.Then on the vermiculite being adsorbed in 1 part by the fermented liquid of weight ratio 3 parts respectively, normal temperature dries and namely obtains Bacillus mucilaginosus single strain microbial inoculum.
Four, the preparation of decomposing microbial inoculum (representing with composite fungus agent below)
The flat lead fungi of yellow spore produced as stated above, trichoderma aureoviride, subtilis and Bacillus mucilaginosus list bacterial classification weight ratio are 0.5 ~ 2:0.5 ~ 2:0.5 ~ 2:0.5 ~ 2.Rear obtained composite fungus agent is mixed in mixing thoroughly, and composite fungus agent living bacteria count reaches 6 × 10
8individual/g.
embodiment 2:(parts by weight)
A kind of agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum, is formulated as follows (by weight):
The composition of table 1 agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum
| Title | The flat lead fungi of yellow spore | Trichoderma aureoviride | Subtilis | Bacillus mucilaginosus |
| （1） | 0.5 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| （2） | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 1.5 |
| （3） | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.0 |
| （4） | 2.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Wherein living bacteria count is 6 × 10
8individual/g;
embodiment 3:
mutual antagonistic experiment between bacterial strain
The flat lead fungi of yellow spore after activation, trichoderma aureoviride, subtilis and Bacillus mucilaginosus are carried out the mutual antagonistic experiment between bacterial strain, and combination of two, is divided into into 12 kinds of array modes, each combination three repetition.
Adopt steel ring method to carry out bacteriostatic test, bacterial strain is cultivated in corresponding substratum 3-5 days (190r/min, 28 DEG C) and make fermented liquid.The fermented liquid 0.1mL getting wherein a kind of bacterium (A) is applied on PDA flat board, then on the solid medium of each flat board, put the steel ring of two prior sterilizings, the fermented liquid of any one bacterium (B) outside the A bacterium adding 0.25mL again in each steel ring, each process in triplicate, with the plate only connecing A bacterium for contrast.Cultivate and the antibacterial situation of routine observation for 28 DEG C.The results are shown in Table 1.
Antagonistic effect between table 2 bacterial classification
| The flat lead fungi of yellow spore | Trichoderma aureoviride | Subtilis | Bacillus mucilaginosus | |
| The flat lead fungi of yellow spore | - | - | - | |
| Trichoderma aureoviride | - | - | - | |
| Subtilis | - | - | - | |
| Bacillus mucilaginosus | - | - | - | - |
Note: "-" represents that Antagonistic reaction is negative, "+" represents that Antagonistic reaction is positive
Test-results shows the flat lead fungi of yellow spore, trichoderma aureoviride, unrestraint effect between subtilis and Bacillus mucilaginosus 4 kinds of bacterium, and Antagonistic reaction is feminine gender.
embodiment 4:
the mensuration of the xylogen of single bacterial strain and composite fungus agent, Mierocrystalline cellulose and proteolysis ability
One, material
Substratum: straw powder 70g, wheat bran 30g, ammonium nitrate 2.56g, water 251g, be sub-packed in Cans, every bottled 25g, 8 layers of gauze wrapping, 121 DEG C of 30min sterilizings.
Two, experimental technique
1, xylogen and content of cellulose measure
By the liquid fermentation and culture liquid of bacterial strain, (inoculum size is 10ml/ tank) in the sterilizing Cans of substratum is equipped with in access respectively, ferment 25 days afterwards xylogen in mensuration fermented product, cellulosic content to be to compare the ability of their decomposing straws.
The measuring method of xylogen, content of cellulose in fermented product:
2, the mensuration of proteinase activity
(1) reagent: according to the regulation in QB/T1803.
(2) preparation of former state enzyme liquid
Take sample 10.0g(or 10.0ml), add in the triangular flask (150ml) that granulated glass sphere is housed, then the phosphoric acid buffer (pH7.5) adding certain volume dissolves, 200r/min shaking table vibration 30min, then four layers of filtered through gauze, filtrate is again in the centrifugal 20min of 3000r/min.Supernatant liquor after centrifugal is diluted to proper concn according to enzyme activity damping fluid (pH7.5), for test.
(3) determination step: other regulation according to QB/T1803 just has two places to change in concrete mensuration: is the reaction times (after adding casein) change 30min into by 10min; Two is that former static filtration changes centrifugal 5min into and filters.
Three, measurement result
1, the change of xylogen and content of cellulose after strain fermentation stalk.
Measurement result sees the following form.
Xylogen, cellulosic content in table 3 fermented product
| Process | Content of lignin (g/0.5g) | Content of cellulose (g/0.5g) |
| The flat lead fungi of yellow spore | 0.01 | 0.056 |
| Trichoderma aureoviride | 0.03 | 0.057 |
| Subtilis | 0.03 | 0.119 |
| Bacillus mucilaginosus | 0.04 | 0.121 |
| Composite fungus agent | 0.02 | 0.068 |
| Contrast | 0.05 | 0.141 |
(note: fermentation time is 25 days contrasts xylogen, cellulosic content in the substratum for recording under not connecing bacterium condition.The fixed sugared method of xylogen, cellulosic measuring method integrated application neutral detergent and 2M Hydrochloric Acid Hydrolysis Method, 72% sulfuric acid process and anthrone in fermented product.）
Detected result shows, the composite fungus agent be made up of the flat lead fungi of yellow spore, trichoderma aureoviride, subtilis and Bacillus mucilaginosus 4 kinds of bacterial strains has stronger xylogen and cellulose-decomposing ability, can carry out the process of agricultural crop straw.
2, single bacterial strain and composite fungus agent protease activity
Table 4 enzymic activity situation
| Process | Protease activity (u/ml) |
| The flat lead fungi of yellow spore | 14.31 |
| Trichoderma aureoviride | 8.61 |
| Subtilis | 47.20 |
| Bacillus mucilaginosus | 8.94 |
| Composite fungus agent | 16.5 |
Detected result shows, the composite fungus agent be made up of the flat lead fungi of yellow spore, trichoderma aureoviride, subtilis and Bacillus mucilaginosus 4 kinds of bacterial strains has stronger breaks down proteins ability, higher than the requirement of the protease activity 15 (u/ml) of organic matter decomposing inoculant national Specification.
embodiment 5:
the resistance against diseases of single bacterial strain and composite fungus agent measures
Adopt steel ring method to carry out bacteriostatic test, the flat lead fungi of yellow spore after activation, trichoderma aureoviride, subtilis, glue peptone sample gemma bar and composite fungus agent are carried out bacteriostatic test with cucumber fusarium axysporum, each combination three repetition respectively.
Each bacterial strain is cultivated in corresponding substratum 2-3 days (190r/min, 28 DEG C) and make fermented liquid, cultured cucumber fusarium axysporum being made spore concentration is 10
6the bacteria suspension of individual/mL.Getting cucumber fusarium axysporum bacteria suspension 0.1mL is applied on PDA flat board, then on the solid medium of each flat board, put the steel ring of two prior sterilizings, above-mentioned each fermented liquid and the composite bacteria liquid of 0.25mL is added again in each steel ring, each process in triplicate, with the plate only connecing cucumber fusarium axysporum bacteria suspension for contrast.Cultivate and the antibacterial situation of routine observation for 28 DEG C.
The each bacterial strain of table 5 and composite fungus agent are to the bacteriostasis of cucumber fusarium axysporum
Note: "+" represents that Antagonistic reaction is positive, and "+" more multilist shows that inhibition is larger.
Test-results shows, the flat lead fungi of yellow spore, trichoderma aureoviride, subtilis, glue peptone sample gemma bar and composite fungus agent all have fungistatic effect to cucumber fusarium axysporum.
embodiment 6:
the using method of composite fungus agent
By above embodiment, the composite fungus agent be made up of is described, there is the effect of several functions, can be used as the quick composting that decomposing agent carries out agricultural crop straw the flat lead fungi of yellow spore, trichoderma aureoviride, subtilis, glue peptone sample gemma bar 4 kinds of bacterium.
One, the using method of composite fungus agent in straw bioreactor
1, microbial inoculum pre-treatment: according to the ratio of 1 kilogram of microbial inoculum, 15 kilograms of wheat bran, after microbial inoculum and wheat bran are done and mixed thoroughly, adds water in the ratio of 1kg wheat bran, warm water 1kg and again mixes thoroughly, mixes to hold hand seam with hand one and drip and be advisable.Autumn and season early winter (8-11 month) can now mix existing use, also can mix application in second day evening; Winter in evening and early spring can shift to an earlier date 3-5 days and mixed for subsequent use, and the bacterial classification the mixed 10cm that makes thinner deposits, and notes antifreeze.
2, ditch: in canopy, plant line position, dig a width 55 ~ 85 centimetres, the ditch of dark 20 ~ 30 centimetres along North and South direction, trench digging length and row appearance etc., excavation soil divides by equivalent puts ditch both sides.
3, stalk is spread: after trench digging, by the consumption of 3500 ~ 4500 kilograms every mu, lay dry straw (corn stalk, wheat straw, straw etc.) in ditch.It is even, steady and sure to spread, thickness 20 ~ 30 centimetres, and the two ends, north and south of ditch allow part stalk basset 10 centimetres, to enter oxygen.Every mu applies 150kg cake fertilizer and regulates C/N ratio.
4, inoculate: by 8 kilograms every mu pure microbial inoculum access amounts, pretreated microbial inoculum is evenly sprinkling upon on stalk, then pats stalk several times with spade, make bacterial classification fall into a stalk lower floor part, make bacterial classification and stalk uniform contact.
5, earthing: by the earthen backfill on ditch both sides on stalk, thickness of earth covering 18 ~ 20 centimetres, forms plantation ridge, and is flattened in face, ridge.
6, water: be advisable with drenched stalk, water surface elevation reach ridge high 3/4ths, after 3 ~ 4 days, by levelling for face, ridge, on stalk, soil thickness keeps 20 centimetres, overlay film;
7, punch: after watering 3 ~ 4 days, 3 perform hole are made a call to 12# reinforcing bar in ridge, line-spacing 20-25 centimetres, pitch-row 20 centimetres, hole depth is as the criterion to penetrate stalk layer, in order to entering oxygen fermentation, promoting stover, waiting for field planting.
8, field planting: at stalk through Microorganism decomposing after 15 days, field planting crop, does not generally water flood during field planting, only waters little water.
9, field management: other Cultivate administration conveniently carries out, after field planting, 3 days pliotherm periods, hypothermic phase water once permeable in 5 ~ 6 days.In time entering ground, promptly make a call to a hole, later punch will with previous dislocation, monthly punch in vegetative period 1 ~ 2 time.
10, precaution: stalk consumption wants foot, will match, every 500 kilograms of stalk bacterial classifications 1 kilogram with bacterial classification consumption; Not communications centre pesticide grown when watering, will prohibit especially and charge microbial inoculum, more than ground can the pre-preventing disease and pest of pesticide; First 3 months not communications centre to fertilize, with avoid reduce bacterial classification, the later stage can suitably impose a small amount of fertilizer and composite fertilizer.
Two, the using method of composite fungus agent in agricultural crop straw stack retting
1, adjust the C/N ratio (25 ~ 30:1) of agricultural crop straw and moisture (55 ~ 60%, with hand one hold hand seam drip be advisable), every 5 side's agricultural crop straws add 1 kilogram of composite fungus agent, turn over and smash evenly.
2, grow up trapezoidal by agricultural crop straw good for pre-treatment heap, heap top width 1 meter, heap bottom width 2 meters, piles high summer and autumn 1.2 ~ 1.5 meters, winter-spring season 1.5 ~ 2.0 meters, and heap is long to be determined according to place, often piles volume and is no less than 5 sides.
3, after fermentation starts, keep three days when temperature of charge (20 ~ 30 centimetres of depths) rises to 55 DEG C, then turn over and smash once.If fermentation initial stage temperature do not rise, then adjust moisture to recommendation ratio and turn over every day smash once until pile temperature rising.
4, after heap temperature rises to 55 DEG C again, keep three days, then turn over and smash once;
5, carry out turning over smashing according to heap tender feeling condition afterwards, temperature upward period does not turn over and smashes, and temperature stops rising then to turn over smashing, and repeat this step, until when heap temperature is identical with external temperature, moisture is down to below 30%, namely complete fermenting process, whole fermentation period is generally 20 ~ 30 days.
embodiment 7:
the result of use of composite fungus agent
One, composite fungus agent is in the technical result of use of straw bioreactor
1, test site
Test is carried out at Wuqing He Beitun, and test kind is tomato, experimental field situation: the soil organism 2.10%, full nitrogen 0.080%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 105mg/Kg, rapid available phosphorus 39mg/Kg, available potassium 150mg/Kg.
2, test process
Process 1: composite fungus agent 10kg/ mu; Process 2: contrast (with microbial inoculum).Long-term cropping is tomato.
3, test period
According to service requirements, in advance to bacterial classification and plant carry out in proportion proportioning water mix thoroughly process for subsequent use.December 4, field was spread fertilizer over the fields, and watered startup water.December 10 completes field planting.
4, trial sheet
After field planting, from December 15, every 5 days, data test record was carried out to the ground temperature in canopy, temperature, gas concentration lwevel, fruit yield, (wherein the test of ground temperature, temperature, carbonic acid gas is respectively morning 9 of every day time, when noon 12, and test when late 16).
5, test-results
The effect of table 6 different strain in straw bioreactor technology
| Process | Mean ground temperature (DEG C) | Average canopy temperature (DEG C) | Average CO 2（ppm） | Harvesting time shifts to an earlier date (my god) | Output (kg/ mu) |
| Process 1 | 18.3 | 14.3 | 956 | 15 | 5881 |
| Contrast | 16.1 | 12.3 | 440 | / | 4794 |
Experimental result shows, composite fungus agent is applied on straw bioreactor, and mean ground temperature is 18.3 DEG C, than contrast increase by 2.2 DEG C; Average canopy temperature is 14.3 DEG C, than contrast increase by 2.0 DEG C; Average CO2 concentration is 956ppm, is 2.17 times of contrast; Harvesting time was than contrast 15 days in advance; Per mu yield is 5881kg, volume increase 22.7%; The use of composite fungus agent decreases the generation of disease and pest.
Two, the result of use of composite fungus agent in agricultural crop straw stack retting
1, test materials
Test wheat straw used and derive from paper mill, Shandong, length be 1 ~ 4cm not etc., wheat straw physico-chemical property organic matter 65.5%, full N0.750%, moisture content 15%, the batching of supplementing N source is sulphur ammonium.
Microbial fermentation inoculum for examination has the described complex ferment microbial inoculum of invention and market to purchase microbial inoculum.
2, test design
If 2 process: process 1, wheat straw+composite fungus agent; Process 2, microbial inoculum is purchased in wheat straw+market.
Compost carries out in the factory of company of Shandong, and each process wheat straw is 40m
3stacking mode length × wide × height is 5 × 2.5 × 1.5m, adjust wheat straw moisture content 60%, C/N ratio is 26/1, draft type industrial production forklift turning method, April 1, compost, surveyed heap temperature (heap center) once when every morning 8, respectively before compost, compost pliotherm period, the phase of becoming thoroughly decomposed carry out multi-point sampling, carries out the mensuration of organic matter, full N, humic acids.
3, results and analysis
(1) impact of and C/N ratio organic on compost
The change of organic matter and C/N in table 7 straw compost
Shown in upper table, organic content, the C/N of 2 process are more on a declining curve with the prolongation of composting time than all, its phase process 1 of becoming thoroughly decomposed is respectively 14.92,17.60 with process 2C/N, C/N is lower than, microorganism is better to the effect of compost material organic matter degradation, test shows, the composite fungus agent (process 1) that two kinds of fermenting agent microbial decomposition stalk abilities are described invention is better than market and is purchased microbial inoculum (processing 2).
(2) on the impact of compost temperature
Pile latter 3 days, the heap temperature of process 1 and process 2 reaches 54.0 DEG C, 41.8 DEG C respectively, and illustrates that the fermentation initial stage improves heap all fast warm, wherein said invention composite fungus agent quick heating, reaches the pliotherm period in 2.5 days, and market is purchased microbial inoculum and reached the pliotherm period in 3.5 days.
(3) compost maturity
The discriminating of table 8 compost maturity
| Process | Color | Stalk intensity | Fermentation time |
| Process 1 | Chocolate | Soft flexible, frangible time dry | 30 days |
| Process 2 | Light yellow | Soft flexible, there is the undecomposed good light stalk of part | 35 days |
Shown in upper table, compost is from color and stalk intensity after 30 days, and use institute's invention composite fungus agent agricultural crop straw of telling to decompose fast, compost flexibility is good, the basic decomposition of stalk, and fermentation time comparatively contrasts short.
Claims (2)
1. an agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum, it is characterized in that it is composited by decomposable asymmetric choice net xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose, protein, multiple bacterial strain that is disease-resistant and bacterial manure several functions, it is made up of each single strain fermented product of following portions by weight:
The yellow flat lead fungi of spore 0.5 ~ 2 part of trichoderma aureoviride 0.5 ~ 2 part
Subtilis 0.5 ~ 2 part of Bacillus mucilaginosus 0.5 ~ 2 part
Composite fungus agent living bacteria count reaches 6 × 10
8individual/g.
2. the using method of agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum described in claim 1, is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
The using method of decomposing microbial inoculum in agricultural crop straw compost:
(1) the C/N ratio adjusting agricultural crop straw is 25 ~ 30:1, and control moisture 55 ~ 60%, every 5 side's agricultural crop straws add 1 kilogram of described decomposing microbial inoculum, turns over and smashes evenly;
(2) grow up trapezoidal by agricultural crop straw good for pre-treatment heap, heap top width 1 meter, heap bottom width 2 meters, piles high summer and autumn 1.2 ~ 1.5 meters, winter-spring season 1.5 ~ 2.0 meters, and heap is long to be determined according to place, often piles volume and is no less than 5 sides;
(3) after fermentation starts, keep three days when 20 ~ 30 centimetres of depths temperature of charge rise to 55 DEG C, then turn over and smash once, after heap temperature rises to 55 DEG C again, keep three days, then turn over and smash once; Carry out turning over smashing according to heap tender feeling condition afterwards, temperature upward period does not turn over and smashes, and temperature stops rising then to turn over smashing, and repeat this step, until when heap temperature is identical with external temperature, moisture is down to below 30%, namely complete fermenting process, whole fermentation period is generally 20 ~ 30 days;
The using method of decomposing microbial inoculum in straw bioreactor:
(1) microbial inoculum pre-treatment: according to the ratio of 1 kilogram of microbial inoculum, 15 kilograms of wheat bran, after microbial inoculum and wheat bran are done and mixed thoroughly, adds water in the ratio of 1kg wheat bran, warm water 1kg and again mixes thoroughly, mixes to hold hand seam with hand one and drip and be advisable, and the bacterial classification the mixed 10cm that makes thinner deposits;
(2) ditch: in canopy, plant line position, dig a width 55 ~ 85 centimetres, the ditch of dark 20 ~ 30 centimetres along North and South direction, trench digging length and row appearance etc., excavation soil divides by equivalent puts ditch both sides;
(3) stalk is spread: after trench digging, by the consumption of 3500 ~ 4500 kilograms every mu, lay dry straw in ditch, it is even, steady and sure to spread, thickness 20 ~ 30 centimetres, and the two ends, north and south of ditch allow part stalk basset 10 centimetres, to enter oxygen, every mu applies 150kg cake fertilizer and regulates C/N ratio;
(4) inoculate: apply described microbial inoculum, by 8 kilograms every mu pure microbial inoculum access amounts, pretreated microbial inoculum is evenly sprinkling upon on stalk, by the earthen backfill on ditch both sides on stalk, thickness of earth covering 18-20 centimetres, forms plantation ridge, and is flattened in face, ridge;
(5) water: be advisable with drenched stalk, water surface elevation reach ridge high 3/4ths, after 3 ~ 4 days, by levelling for face, ridge, on stalk, soil thickness keeps 20 centimetres, overlay film;
(6) punch: after watering 3 ~ 4 days, 3 perform hole are made a call to 12# reinforcing bar in ridge, line-spacing 20 ~ 25 centimetres, pitch-row 20 centimetres, hole depth is as the criterion to penetrate stalk layer, in order to entering oxygen fermentation, promoting stover, waiting for field planting;
(7) field planting field management: at stalk through Microorganism decomposing after 15 days, field planting crop, generally flood is not watered during field planting, only water little water, other Cultivate administration conveniently carries out, and after field planting, 3 days pliotherm periods, hypothermic phase water once permeable in 5 ~ 6 days, in time entering ground, promptly make a call to a hole, later punching will with previous dislocation, monthly punch in vegetative period 1 ~ 2 time.
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