CN103966150A - Crop straw decomposing inoculant and using method and effect thereof - Google Patents
Crop straw decomposing inoculant and using method and effect thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103966150A CN103966150A CN201410239329.3A CN201410239329A CN103966150A CN 103966150 A CN103966150 A CN 103966150A CN 201410239329 A CN201410239329 A CN 201410239329A CN 103966150 A CN103966150 A CN 103966150A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title description 14
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- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Cl] Chemical compound [Na].[Cl] DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HIVLDXAAFGCOFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium hydrosulfide Chemical group [NH4+].[SH-] HIVLDXAAFGCOFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthrone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3CC2=C1 RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a crop straw decomposing inoculant and application in straw bioreactor and water-logged compost. The inoculant is compounded of 0.5-2 parts of phanerochaete chrysosporium, 0.5-2 parts of trichoderma aureoviride, 0.5-2 parts of bacillus subtilis and 0.5-2 parts of bacillus mucilagimosus krassilm, wherein the effective viable count is 6*10<8> per gram. The straw decomposing inoculant is applied to a tomato stalk bioreactor planting technology, and the average ground temperature is 18.3 DEG C and is increased by 2.2 DEG C as compared with that of contrast without use of the inoculant; the average greenhouse temperature is 14.3 DEG C and is increased by 2.0 DEG C as compared with the average greenhouse temperature of the contrast; the average CO2 concentration is 956ppm and is 2.17 times higher than that of the contrast; the harvest time is 15 days earlier than the harvest time of the contrast; the acre yield is 5881kg and is increased by 22.7 percent as compared with the acre yield of the contrast; the occurrence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is lower as compared with that of the contrast. The inoculant is applied to wheat straw retting and decomposing, is high in decomposition speed, high in compost flexibility, the straws are basically decomposed, and the fermentation time is shorter than that of an inoculant purchased in the market.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture microorganism in the Application Areas of processing on agricultural crop straw, relate to a kind of agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum and the application on straw bioreactor and stack retting thereof.
Background technology
At present, China's agricultural crop straw generation reaches 7～1,000,000,000 tons, contains a large amount of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element in stalk, is one of organic fertilizer resource important in agriculture production.Straw directly returning to field is the project of promoting in recent years, adopt straw-returning machine operation, mechanization degree is high, and the stalk treatment time is short, and the time of rotting in soil is long, affect ploughing and rotary tillage process, be unfavorable for sowing, in recent years, the thing that stalk is burnt often occur, both do not reach the object of straw resource utilization, polluted again environment.
Utilizing biotechnology fast processing stalk is the more solution of current application.Stalk fibre cellulose content is high, also has a small amount of xylogen, and C/N, than too high, need to add the bacterium of function yeast and the disease-resistant getting fat effect that can utilize xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose and protein, and add dregs of beans, wheat bran and the urea etc. that regulate C/N ratio.Based on this, special proposition the present invention, to realize the fast processing of agricultural crop straw and the object of resource utilization.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum, it is characterized in that it is composited by decomposing xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose, protein, multiple bacterial strain disease-resistant and bacterial manure several functions, it is made up of each single strain fermented product of following portions by weight:
0.5～2 part of 0.5～2 part of yellow green trichoderma of the yellow flat lead fungi of spore
0.5～2 part of 0.5～2 part of Bacillus mucilaginosus of subtilis
Composite fungus agent living bacteria count reaches 6 × 10
8individual/g.
Agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum provided by the invention, its activeconstituents comprises the flat lead fungi of yellow spore (Phanerochaetechrysosporium), yellow green trichoderma (Trichoderma aureoviride), subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) and Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus).
It is the bacterial strain of ACCC 30414 that the flat lead fungi of described yellow spore specifically can be Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center deposit number.It is the bacterial strain of ACCC 32248 that described yellow green trichoderma specifically can be Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center deposit number.It is the bacterial strain of ACCC 11089 that described subtilis specifically can be Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center deposit number.It is the bacterial strain of ACCC 10013 that described Bacillus mucilaginosus specifically can be Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center deposit number.
The present invention further discloses the using method of agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum, it is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
One, the using method of composite fungus agent in straw bioreactor:
(1) microbial inoculum pre-treatment: according to the ratio of 1 kilogram of microbial inoculum, 15 kilograms of wheat bran, after microbial inoculum and wheat bran are being done and mixed thoroughly, add water and again mix thoroughly in the ratio of 1kg wheat bran, warm water 1kg, mix and hold hand seam with hand one and drip and be advisable, the bacterial classification of the mixing 10cm that makes thinner deposits;
(2) trench digging: in canopy, plant line position, dig 55～85 centimetres of width along North and South direction, the ditch of dark 20～30 centimetres, trench digging length and row appearance etc., excavation soil divides by equivalent puts ditch both sides;
(3) paving stalk: after trench digging, by the consumption of 3500～4500 kilograms every mu, lay dry straw in ditch, it is even, steady and sure to spread, 20～30 centimetres of thickness, and the two ends, north and south of ditch allow part stalk basset 10 centimetres, to enter oxygen, every mu applies 150kg cake fertilizer and regulates C/N ratio.
(4) inoculation: by 8 kilograms every mu pure microbial inoculum access amounts, pretreated microbial inoculum is evenly sprinkling upon on stalk, on stalk, 18-20 centimetres of thickness of earth covering, form plantation ridge, and ridge face is flattened by the earthen backfill on ditch both sides;
(5) water: be advisable with the stalk that drenches, water surface elevation reach ridge high 3/4ths, after 3～4 days, by ridge face levelling, on stalk soil thickness keep 20 centimetres, overlay film;
(6) punching: water after 3～4 days, on ridge, make a call to 3 row holes with 12# reinforcing bar, 20～25 centimetres of line-spacings, 20 centimetres of pitch-rows, hole depth is as the criterion to penetrate stalk layer, in order to entering oxygen fermentation, promotes stalk to transform, and waits for field planting;
(7) field planting field management: at stalk through Microorganism decomposing after 15 days, field planting crop, when field planting, generally do not water flood, only water little water, other Cultivate administration carries out according to routine, after field planting 3 days pliotherm periods, hypothermic phase within 5～6 days, water once permeable, until can enter promptly making a call to one time hole when ground, later punching will with last time dislocation, in vegetative period, monthly punch 1～2 time.
Two, the using method of composite fungus agent in agricultural crop straw stack retting:
1, the C/N ratio of adjusting agricultural crop straw is 25～30:1, controls moisture 55～60%, and every 5 side's agricultural crop straws add 1 kilogram of composite fungus agent, turns over and smashes evenly;
2, by trapezoidal agricultural crop straw heap growth good pre-treatment, 1 meter of heap top width, 2 meters of heap bottom width, pile 1.2～1.5 meters of high summer and autumns, 1.5～2.0 meters of winter-spring season, and heap is long to be determined according to place, and every heap volume is no less than 5 sides;
3, after fermentation starts, in the time that 20～30 centimetres of depths temperature of charge rise to 55 DEG C, keep three days, then turn over and smash once, when heap temperature rises to after 55 DEG C again, keep three days, then turn over and smash once; Turn over and smash according to heap tender feeling condition afterwards, temperature rise is not turned over and is smash period, and temperature stops rising and turns over and smash, and repeat this step, until heap temperature is identical with external temperature, moisture is while being down to below 30%, complete fermenting process, whole fermentation period is generally 20～30 days.
The present invention further discloses crop straw decomposing inoculant in application and the effect of decomposing on xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose and protein and anti-cucumber fusarium axysporum.
The application of agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum on farm crop straw organism nuclear reactor art also disclosed, and application in agricultural crop straw stack retting.Described agricultural crop straw refers to maize straw, wheat stalk and rice straw etc.
Agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum is applied in the plantation of tomato biological straw bioreactor, and mean ground temperature is 18.3 DEG C, increases by 2.2 DEG C than the contrast with microbial inoculum; Average canopy temperature is 14.3 DEG C, increases by 2.0 DEG C than contrast; Average CO
2concentration is 956ppm, is 2.17 times of contrast; Harvesting time was than contrast 15 days in advance; Per mu yield is 5881kg, volume increase 22.7%; The use of composite fungus agent has also reduced the generation of disease and pest.
Described invention agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum is applied to wheat stalk stack retting and becomes thoroughly decomposed, and decomposes soon, and compost flexibility is good, the basic decomposition of stalk, and fermentation time contrasts short, is better than market and purchases other microbial inoculum.
Decomposing microbial inoculum energy quick composting agricultural crop straw provided by the invention, can be applicable to stack retting and the straw bioreactor of stalk.Can significantly be increased the content of the nutritive elements such as the soil organism and phosphorus, potassium by the made material that becomes thoroughly decomposed of described decomposing microbial inoculum fermentation agricultural crop straw, improve quantity of useful microbe in Nutrient Transformation rate and product, promote soil remediation, culture fertility, strengthen the disease resistance of crop simultaneously, improve crop quality, reduce and drop into, improve output, promote to increase income.
Brief description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 is the systematic quantification routine analyzer figure of Mierocrystalline cellulose and xylogen.
Embodiment
Following embodiment is convenient to understand better the present invention, but does not limit the present invention.Experimental technique in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is ordinary method.Test materials used in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is and purchases available from routine biochemistry reagent shop.Quantitative test in following examples, all arranges and repeats experiment, results averaged for three times.
Following bacterial strain is all available from Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center (Agricultural Culture Collection of China is called for short ACCC):
The yellow flat lead fungi of spore (Phanerochaetechrysosporium): ACCC deposit number is 30414, is called for short ACCC 30414;
Yellow green trichoderma (Trichoderma aureoviride): ACCC deposit number is 32248, is called for short ACCC 32248;
Subtilis (Bacillus subtilis): ACCC deposit number is 11089, is called for short ACCC11089;
Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus): ACCC deposit number is 10013, is called for short ACCC10013.
embodiment 1:
the preparation of substratum and bacterial classification
One, the preparation of substratum
1, potato, glucose agar medium (PDA)
200 grams of potatos removing skin, are cut into small pieces, and the 1000ml that adds water boils 30 minutes, elimination potato ball, filtrate is complemented to 1000ml, add 20 grams of glucose, 15 grams, agar, dissolves rear packing, 15 pounds of sterilizings 30 minutes, pH nature, does not add agar when obtaining liq substratum.
2, nutrition nutrient agar
Formed by peptone 5g, sodium-chlor 5g, extractum carnis 3g and distilled water 1000ml.PH7.0(solid medium adds agar 15-20g).
3, potassium bacteria culture medium
Yeast extract paste 0.4g, N.F,USP MANNITOL 10.0g, K
2hPO
40.5g, MgSO
47H
2o 0.2g, FeCl
30.005g, CaCO
31.0g, distilled water 1000.0ml, pH7.0-7.2, add 15 grams of agar when preparation solid medium.
4, solid fermentation substratum
Wheat bran 80g, dregs of beans 10g, (NH
4)
2sO
41.0g, KH
2pO
40.2g, MgSO
47H
200.05g, 80mL distilled water.
Two, the activation of bacterial classification
The yellow flat lead fungi of spore and yellow green trichoderma are seeded on PDA substratum; Subtilis is seeded on nutrition nutrient agar substratum; Bacillus mucilaginosus is seeded on potassium bacteria culture medium.
Flat yellow spore lead fungi, yellow green trichoderma, subtilis and Bacillus mucilaginosus are carried out respectively to inclined-plane switching, access respective ramp substratum, activation culture 2-3 days.
Three, single bacterial classification preparation
1, cultivation and the fermentation of the flat lead fungi of yellow spore and yellow green trichoderma
Inclined-plane and shake-flask culture base are potato, glucose agar medium, and slant medium adds agar.Liquid nutrient medium is sub-packed in 500ml triangular flask after sterilizing, accesses each fungi slant strains, shaking table speed 180r/min, cultivates 48 hours for 28 DEG C～30 DEG C, and when occurring in shaking flask that density is large, mycelium pellet is obviously not muddy.Seeding tank and fermentation cylinder for fermentation substratum are the cooking liquor of starch, 1kg glucose and the 2kg potato of soya-bean milk, the 6.5kg of 1000kg water, 8.75kg soybean, pH7.0, through 121 DEG C of real tank sterilizings after 30 minutes, cultivate 48 hours at 28 DEG C～30 DEG C, after mycelium pellet that density is large appears in fermented liquid, be inoculated on solid fermentation substratum, 10%, 121 DEG C of inoculum size, 0.1MPa autoclaving 30min, 25 DEG C of solid fermentations are cultivated 48h, and spore count reaches 6 × 10
8individual/g.
2, the cultivation of subtilis and fermentation
Slant medium and shake-flask culture base are all nutrition nutrient agar, when preparation solid medium, add 15 grams of agar, seeding tank and fermentation tank culture medium are soya-bean milk, the starch of 6.5kg, the 1kg glucose of 1000kg water, 8.75kg soybean, CaCO3100g, FeCl310g, pH7.0, through 121 DEG C of real tank sterilizings after 30 minutes, cultivate 24～36 hours at 28 DEG C～30 DEG C, when bacterium number in every ml fermented liquid reaches 10 × 10
8individual/g.Then being adsorbed on the vermiculite of 1 part normal temperature by the fermented liquid of 3 parts of weight ratios respectively dries and obtains subtilis single strain microbial inoculum.
3, the cultivation of Bacillus mucilaginosus and fermentation
Slant medium and shake-flask culture base are all potassium bacteria culture medium, seeding tank and fermentation tank culture medium are soya-bean milk, the starch of 6.5kg, the 1kg glucose of 1000kg water, 8.75kg soybean, CaCO3100g, FeCl310g, pH7.0,, after 30 minutes, cultivate 48 hours at 28 DEG C～30 DEG C, when bacterium number in every ml fermented liquid reaches 5 × 10 through 121 DEG C of real tank sterilizings
8cfu/g.Then being adsorbed on the vermiculite of 1 part normal temperature by the fermented liquid of 3 parts of weight ratios respectively dries and obtains Bacillus mucilaginosus single strain microbial inoculum.
Four, the preparation of decomposing microbial inoculum (representing with composite fungus agent below)
The flat lead fungi of yellow spore of producing as stated above, yellow green trichoderma, subtilis and Bacillus mucilaginosus list bacterial classification weight ratio are 0.5～2:0.5～2:0.5～2:0.5～2.Mixing makes composite fungus agent after mixing thoroughly, and composite fungus agent living bacteria count reaches 6 × 10
8individual/g.
embodiment 2:(parts by weight)
A kind of agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum, is formulated as follows (by weight):
The composition of table 1 agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum
| Title | The flat lead fungi of yellow spore | Yellow green trichoderma | Subtilis | Bacillus mucilaginosus |
| （1） | 0.5 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| （2） | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 1.5 |
| （3） | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.0 |
| （4） | 2.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Wherein living bacteria count is 6 × 10
8individual/g;
embodiment 3:
mutual antagonistic experiment between bacterial strain
The flat lead fungi of yellow spore, yellow green trichoderma, subtilis and Bacillus mucilaginosus after activation are carried out to the mutual antagonistic experiment between bacterial strain, and combination of two, is divided into into 12 kinds of array modes, three repetitions of each combination.
Adopt steel ring method to carry out bacteriostatic test, bacterial strain is cultivated in corresponding substratum to 3-5 days (190r/min, 28 DEG C) and made fermented liquid.Getting the wherein fermented liquid 0.1mL of a kind of bacterium (A) is applied on PDA flat board, then on the solid medium of each flat board, put the steel ring of two prior sterilizings, in each steel ring, add again the fermented liquid of any bacterium (B) outside the A bacterium of 0.25mL, each processing in triplicate, taking the plate that only connects A bacterium as contrast.Cultivate and the antibacterial situation of routine observation for 28 DEG C.The results are shown in Table 1.
Antagonistic effect between table 2 bacterial classification
| The flat lead fungi of yellow spore | Yellow green trichoderma | Subtilis | Bacillus mucilaginosus | |
| The flat lead fungi of yellow spore | - | - | - | |
| Yellow green trichoderma | - | - | - | |
| Subtilis | - | - | - | |
| Bacillus mucilaginosus | - | - | - | - |
Note: "-" represents antagonism reaction negative, "+" represents antagonism reacting positive
Test-results shows unrestraint effect between the flat lead fungi of yellow spore, yellow green trichoderma, subtilis and 4 kinds of bacterium of Bacillus mucilaginosus, and antagonism reaction is all negative.
embodiment 4:
the mensuration of xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose and the proteolysis ability of single bacterial strain and composite fungus agent
One, material
Substratum: straw powder 70g, wheat bran 30g, ammonium nitrate 2.56g, water 251g, is sub-packed in Cans, every bottled 25g, 8 layers of gauze wrapping, 121 DEG C of 30min sterilizings.
Two, experimental technique
1, xylogen and content of cellulose are measured
By the liquid fermentation and culture liquid of bacterial strain, access in the sterilizing Cans that substratum is housed (inoculum size is 10ml/ tank) respectively, ferment and within 25 days, measure afterwards xylogen in fermented product, cellulosic content to compare the ability of their decomposing straws.
The measuring method of xylogen, content of cellulose in fermented product:
2, the mensuration of proteinase activity
(1) reagent: according to the regulation in QB/T 1803.
(2) preparation of former state enzyme liquid
Take sample 10.0g(or 10.0ml), add in the triangular flask (150ml) that granulated glass sphere is housed, then add the phosphoric acid buffer (pH7.5) of certain volume to dissolve, 200 r/min shaking table vibration 30min, then four layers of filtered through gauze, filtrate is again in the centrifugal 20min of 3000r/min.Supernatant liquor after centrifugal is diluted to proper concn according to damping fluid for enzyme activity (pH7.5), for test.
(3) determination step: other just has two places to change according to the regulation of QB/T1803 in concrete mensuration: the one, the reaction times (adding after casein) changes 30min into by 10min; The 2nd, former static filtration changes centrifugal 5min into and filters.
Three, measurement result
1, the variation of xylogen and content of cellulose after strain fermentation stalk.
Measurement result sees the following form.
Xylogen, cellulosic content in table 3 fermented product
| Process | Content of lignin (g/0.5g) | Content of cellulose (g/0.5g) |
| The flat lead fungi of yellow spore | 0.01 | 0.056 |
| Yellow green trichoderma | 0.03 | 0.057 |
| Subtilis | 0.03 | 0.119 |
| Bacillus mucilaginosus | 0.04 | 0.121 |
| Composite fungus agent | 0.02 | 0.068 |
| Contrast | 0.05 | 0.141 |
(note: fermentation time is 25 days contrasts as not connecing xylogen in the substratum recording under bacterium condition, cellulosic content.The fixed sugared method of xylogen, cellulosic measuring method integrated application neutral detergent and 2M Hydrochloric Acid Hydrolysis Method, 72% sulfuric acid process and anthrone in fermented product.）
Detected result shows, the composite fungus agent being made up of the flat lead fungi of yellow spore, yellow green trichoderma, subtilis and 4 kinds of bacterial strains of Bacillus mucilaginosus has stronger xylogen and cellulose-decomposing ability, can carry out the processing of agricultural crop straw.
2, single bacterial strain and composite fungus agent protease activity
Table 4 enzymic activity situation
| Process | Protease activity (u/ml) |
| The flat lead fungi of yellow spore | 14.31 |
| Yellow green trichoderma | 8.61 |
| Subtilis | 47.20 |
| Bacillus mucilaginosus | 8.94 |
| Composite fungus agent | 16.5 |
Detected result shows, the composite fungus agent being made up of the flat lead fungi of yellow spore, yellow green trichoderma, subtilis and 4 kinds of bacterial strains of Bacillus mucilaginosus has stronger protein capacity of decomposition, higher than the requirement of the protease activity 15 (u/ml) of organic matter decomposing inoculant national Specification.
embodiment 5:
the resistance against diseases of single bacterial strain and composite fungus agent is measured
Adopt steel ring method to carry out bacteriostatic test, the flat lead fungi of yellow spore, yellow green trichoderma, subtilis, glue peptone sample gemma bar and composite fungus agent after activation are carried out to bacteriostatic test with cucumber fusarium axysporum respectively, three repetitions of each combination.
Each bacterial strain is cultivated in corresponding substratum to 2-3 days (190r/min, 28 DEG C) and made fermented liquid, it is 10 that cultured cucumber fusarium axysporum is made to spore concentration
6the bacteria suspension of individual/mL.Getting cucumber fusarium axysporum bacteria suspension 0.1mL is applied on PDA flat board, then on the solid medium of each flat board, put the steel ring of two prior sterilizings, in each steel ring, add again above-mentioned each fermented liquid and the composite bacteria liquid of 0.25mL, each processing in triplicate, taking the plate that only connects cucumber fusarium axysporum bacteria suspension as contrast.Cultivate and the antibacterial situation of routine observation for 28 DEG C.
The each bacterial strain of table 5 and the bacteriostasis of composite fungus agent to cucumber fusarium axysporum
Note: "+" represents antagonism reacting positive, and "+" more multilist shows that inhibition is larger.
Test-results shows, the flat lead fungi of yellow spore, yellow green trichoderma, subtilis, glue peptone sample gemma bar and composite fungus agent all have fungistatic effect to cucumber fusarium axysporum.
embodiment 6:
the using method of composite fungus agent
By above embodiment, the composite fungus agent being made up of the flat lead fungi of yellow spore, yellow green trichoderma, subtilis, 4 kinds of bacterium of glue peptone sample gemma bar is described, there is the effect of several functions, can be used as decomposing agent and carry out the quick composting of agricultural crop straw.
One, the using method of composite fungus agent in straw bioreactor
1, microbial inoculum pre-treatment: according to the ratio of 1 kilogram of microbial inoculum, 15 kilograms of wheat bran, after microbial inoculum and wheat bran are being done and mixed thoroughly, add water and again mix thoroughly in the ratio of 1kg wheat bran, warm water 1kg, mix and hold hand seam with hand one and drip and be advisable.Autumn and season early winter (8-11 month) can now be mixed existing use, also can mix application in second day evening; Evening winter and early spring can shift to an earlier date 3-5 days has mixed for subsequent usely, and the bacterial classification of the mixing 10cm that makes thinner deposits, and notes antifreeze.
2, trench digging: in canopy, plant line position, dig 55～85 centimetres of width along North and South direction, the ditch of dark 20～30 centimetres, trench digging length and row appearance etc., excavation soil divides and puts ditch both sides by equivalent.
3, paving stalk: after trench digging, by the consumption of 3500～4500 kilograms every mu, lay dry straw in ditch (corn stalk, wheat straw, straw etc.).It is even, steady and sure to spread, 20～30 centimetres of thickness, and the two ends, north and south of ditch allow part stalk basset 10 centimetres, to enter oxygen.Every mu applies 150kg cake fertilizer and regulates C/N ratio.
4, inoculation: by 8 kilograms every mu pure microbial inoculum access amounts, pretreated microbial inoculum is evenly sprinkling upon on stalk, then pats stalk several times with spade, make bacterial classification fall into a stalk lower floor part, make bacterial classification and stalk uniform contact.
5, earthing: on stalk, 18～20 centimetres of thickness of earth covering, form plantation ridge, and ridge face is flattened by the earthen backfill on ditch both sides.
6, water: be advisable with the stalk that drenches, water surface elevation reach ridge high 3/4ths, after 3～4 days, by ridge face levelling, on stalk soil thickness keep 20 centimetres, overlay film;
7, punching: water after 3～4 days, on ridge, make a call to 3 row holes with 12# reinforcing bar, 20-25 centimetres of line-spacings, 20 centimetres of pitch-rows, hole depth is as the criterion to penetrate stalk layer, in order to entering oxygen fermentation, promotes stalk to transform, and waits for field planting.
8, field planting: through Microorganism decomposing after 15 days, field planting crop, does not generally water flood when field planting, only water little water at stalk.
9, field management: other Cultivate administration carries out according to routine, after field planting, 3 days pliotherm periods, hypothermic phase water once permeable in 5～6 days.Until can enter promptly making a call to one time hole when ground, later punching will with last time misplace, in vegetative period, monthly punch 1～2 time.
10, precaution: stalk consumption is wanted foot, match with bacterial classification consumption, every 1 kilogram of bacterial classification for 500 kilograms of stalks; Communications centre pesticide grown not while watering, will prohibit and charge microbial inoculum especially, and ground is above can the pre-preventing disease and pest of pesticide; First 3 months not communications centre to fertilize, to avoid reducing bacterial classification, the later stage can suitably impose a small amount of fertilizer and composite fertilizer.
Two, the using method of composite fungus agent in agricultural crop straw stack retting
1, the C/N that adjusts agricultural crop straw than (25～30:1) and moisture (55～60%, with hand one hold hand seam drip be advisable), every 5 side's agricultural crop straws add 1 kilogram of composite fungus agent, turn over and smash evenly.
2, by trapezoidal agricultural crop straw heap growth good pre-treatment, 1 meter of heap top width, 2 meters of heap bottom width, pile 1.2～1.5 meters of high summer and autumns, 1.5～2.0 meters of winter-spring season, and heap is long to be determined according to place, and every heap volume is no less than 5 sides.
3, after fermentation starts, in the time that temperature of charge (20～30 centimetres of depths) rises to 55 DEG C, keep three days, then turn over and smash once.If fermentation initial stage temperature does not rise, adjust moisture to recommendation ratio and turn over every day and smash once until pile temperature rising.
4, when heap temperature rises to after 55 DEG C again, keep three days, then turn over and smash once;
5, turn over and smash according to heap tender feeling condition afterwards, temperature rise is not turned over and is smash period, and temperature stops rising and turns over and smash, and repeat this step, until heap temperature is identical with external temperature, moisture is while being down to below 30%, complete fermenting process, whole fermentation period is generally 20～30 days.
embodiment 7:
the result of use of composite fungus agent
One, composite fungus agent is in the technical result of use of straw bioreactor
1, test site
Test is carried out at Wuqing He Beitun, and test kind is tomato, experimental field situation: the soil organism 2.10%, full nitrogen 0.080%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 105mg/Kg, rapid available phosphorus 39mg/Kg, available potassium 150 mg/Kg.
2, test is processed
Process 1: composite fungus agent 10kg/ mu; Process 2: contrast (with microbial inoculum).Planting plant is tomato.
3, test period
According to service requirements, in advance to bacterial classification and plant carry out in proportion proportioning water mix thoroughly process for subsequent use.December 4, spread fertilizer over the fields in field, waters startup water.Complete field planting December 10.
4, trial sheet
After field planting, from December 15, every 5 days, the ground temperature in canopy, temperature, gas concentration lwevel, fruit yield were carried out to data test record, (wherein the test of ground temperature, temperature, carbonic acid gas respectively in 9 o'clock morning of every day, at 12 o'clock at noon, test in late 16 o'clock).
5, test-results
The effect of table 6 different strain in straw bioreactor technology
| Process | Mean ground temperature (DEG C) | Average canopy temperature (DEG C) | Average CO 2（ppm） | Shift to an earlier date harvesting time (my god) | Output (kg/ mu) |
| Process 1 | 18.3 | 14.3 | 956 | 15 | 5881 |
| Contrast | 16.1 | 12.3 | 440 | / | 4794 |
Experimental result shows, composite fungus agent is applied on straw bioreactor, and mean ground temperature is 18.3 DEG C, increases by 2.2 DEG C than contrast; Average canopy temperature is 14.3 DEG C, increases by 2.0 DEG C than contrast; Average CO2 concentration is 956ppm, is 2.17 times of contrast; Harvesting time was than contrast 15 days in advance; Per mu yield is 5881kg, volume increase 22.7%; The use of composite fungus agent has also reduced the generation of disease and pest.
Two, the result of use of composite fungus agent in agricultural crop straw stack retting
1, test materials
Test wheat straw used and derive from paper mill, Shandong, length be 1～4cm not etc., wheat straw physico-chemical property is organic 65. 5%, full N0.750%, moisture content 15%, the batching of supplementing N source is sulphur ammonium.
There are the described complex ferment microbial inoculum of invention and microbial inoculum that market is purchased for the microorganism fermenting agent of examination.
2, test design
If 2 processing: process 1, wheat straw+composite fungus agent; Process 2, wheat straw+microbial inoculum that market is purchased.
Compost carries out in the factory of company of Shandong, and each processing wheat straw is 40m
3stacking mode length × wide × height is 5 × 2.5 × 1.5m, adjust wheat straw moisture content 60%, C/N ratio is 26/1, industrial production forklift turning method for draft type, April 1 compost, 8 o'clock every mornings were surveyed heap temperature (heap center) once, respectively before compost, compost pliotherm period, the phase of becoming thoroughly decomposed carry out multi-point sampling, carries out the mensuration of organic matter, full N, humic acids.
3, results and analysis
(1) impact on compost organic matter and C/N ratio
The variation of organic matter and C/N in table 7 straw compost
Shown in upper table, organic content, the C/N of 2 processing are more on a declining curve with the prolongation of composting time than all, its phase of becoming thoroughly decomposed processes 1 and is respectively 14.92,17.60 with processing 2 C/N, C/N is lower than, microorganism is better to the effect of compost material organic matter degradation, test shows, the composite fungus agent (processing 1) that two kinds of fermenting agent microorganism decomposing straw abilities are described invention is better than market and is purchased microbial inoculum (processing 2).
(2) impact on compost temperature
Pile latter 3 days, process 1 and process 2 heap temperature and reach respectively 54.0 DEG C, 41.8 DEG C, illustrate that the fermentation initial stage has all been improved heap fast warm, wherein said invention composite fungus agent quick heating, reaches the pliotherm period in 2.5 days, and market is purchased microbial inoculum and within 3.5 days, reached the pliotherm period.
(3) compost maturity
The discriminating of table 8 compost maturity
| Process | Color | Stalk intensity | Fermentation time |
| Process 1 | Chocolate | Soft flexible, frangible when dry | 30 days |
| Process 2 | Light yellow | Soft flexible, there is the undecomposed good light stalk of part | 35 days |
Shown in upper table, compost from color and stalk intensity, used institute's invention composite fungus agent agricultural crop straw of telling to decompose fast after 30 days, and compost flexibility is good, the basic decomposition of stalk, and fermentation time contrasts short.
Claims (6)
1. an agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum, is characterized in that it is composited by decomposing xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose, protein, multiple bacterial strain disease-resistant and bacterial manure several functions, and it is made up of each single strain fermented product of following portions by weight:
0.5～2 part of 0.5～2 part of yellow green trichoderma of the yellow flat lead fungi of spore
0.5～2 part of 0.5～2 part of Bacillus mucilaginosus of subtilis
Composite fungus agent living bacteria count reaches 6 × 10
8individual/g.
2. the using method of agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum described in claim 1, is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
One, the using method of decomposing microbial inoculum in straw bioreactor:
(1) microbial inoculum pre-treatment: according to the ratio of 1 kilogram of microbial inoculum, 15 kilograms of wheat bran, after microbial inoculum and wheat bran are being done and mixed thoroughly, add water and again mix thoroughly in the ratio of 1kg wheat bran, warm water 1kg, mix and hold hand seam with hand one and drip and be advisable, the bacterial classification of the mixing 10cm that makes thinner deposits;
(2) trench digging: in canopy, plant line position, dig 55～85 centimetres of width along North and South direction, the ditch of dark 20～30 centimetres, trench digging length and row appearance etc., excavation soil divides by equivalent puts ditch both sides;
(3) paving stalk: after trench digging, by the consumption of 3500～4500 kilograms every mu, lay dry straw in ditch, it is even, steady and sure to spread, 20～30 centimetres of thickness, and the two ends, north and south of ditch allow part stalk basset 10 centimetres, to enter oxygen, every mu applies 150kg cake fertilizer and regulates C/N ratio;
(4) inoculation: by 8 kilograms every mu pure microbial inoculum access amounts, pretreated microbial inoculum is evenly sprinkling upon on stalk, on stalk, 18-20 centimetres of thickness of earth covering, form plantation ridge, and ridge face is flattened by the earthen backfill on ditch both sides;
(5) water: be advisable with the stalk that drenches, water surface elevation reach ridge high 3/4ths, after 3～4 days, by ridge face levelling, on stalk soil thickness keep 20 centimetres, overlay film;
(6) punching: water after 3～4 days, on ridge, make a call to 3 row holes with 12# reinforcing bar, 20～25 centimetres of line-spacings, 20 centimetres of pitch-rows, hole depth is as the criterion to penetrate stalk layer, in order to entering oxygen fermentation, promotes stalk to transform, and waits for field planting;
(7) field planting field management: at stalk through Microorganism decomposing after 15 days, field planting crop, when field planting, generally do not water flood, only water little water, other Cultivate administration carries out according to routine, after field planting 3 days pliotherm periods, hypothermic phase within 5～6 days, water once permeable, until can enter promptly making a call to one time hole when ground, later punching will with last time dislocation, in vegetative period, monthly punch 1～2 time;
Two, the using method of decomposing microbial inoculum in agricultural crop straw stack retting:
(1) the C/N ratio of adjusting agricultural crop straw is 25～30:1, controls moisture 55～60%, and every 5 side's agricultural crop straws add 1 kilogram of described decomposing microbial inoculum, turns over and smashes evenly;
(2) by trapezoidal agricultural crop straw heap growth good pre-treatment, 1 meter of heap top width, 2 meters of heap bottom width, pile 1.2～1.5 meters of high summer and autumns, 1.5～2.0 meters of winter-spring season, and heap is long to be determined according to place, and every heap volume is no less than 5 sides;
(3) after fermentation starts, in the time that 20～30 centimetres of depths temperature of charge rise to 55 DEG C, keep three days, then turn over and smash once, when heap temperature rises to after 55 DEG C again, keep three days, then turn over and smash once; Turn over and smash according to heap tender feeling condition afterwards, temperature rise is not turned over and is smash period, and temperature stops rising and turns over and smash, and repeat this step, until heap temperature is identical with external temperature, moisture is while being down to below 30%, complete fermenting process, whole fermentation period is generally 20～30 days.
3. the application of agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum on decomposition xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose and protein and anti-cucumber fusarium axysporum described in claim 1.
4. the application of agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum on farm crop straw organism nuclear reactor art described in claim 1.
5. the application of agricultural crop straw decomposing microbial inoculum in agricultural crop straw stack retting described in claim 1.
6. the agricultural crop straw described in claim 4 and 5 refers to maize straw, wheat stalk and rice straw.
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