CN112913369A - Method for preventing and controlling alkalization of sunshine greenhouse planting soil salt - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling alkalization of sunshine greenhouse planting soil salt Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
A method for preventing and controlling the alkalization of soil salt for planting in sunlight greenhouse mainly comprises the steps of harvesting, ditching, film covering, filling, bacterium mixing, watering, ridging, fermenting, turning, material spraying, cultivating and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solving soil salinization, in particular to a method for preventing and controlling salinization of sunlight greenhouse planting soil.
Background
The soil is the foundation for the growth of crops, maintains the composition, structure and function persistence of the soil, and guarantees the continuous development of crop production. In recent years, with the rapid development of facility horticulture in northern China, the use of sunlight in greenhouse for planting crops is quite common, with the prolonging of cultivation time, due to the unreasonable management and utilization of soil, fertilizer and water, the environmental quality of sunlight greenhouse soil is increasingly reduced, especially, the pollution of soil pesticides, chemical fertilizers and heavy metal ions directly influences the yield and quality of crops, and the great attention of the world society and the public is attracted. Due to poor soil structure and lack of nutrients, the growth of crops is also affected.
The salinization of soil is one of the main reasons for poor soil structure, and is usually the process of salt accumulation in soil caused by the rise of underground water level due to improper irrigation, excessive water consumption and the like, and mainly occurs in arid, semiarid and semi-humid climatic regions and seaside low-land areas irrigated by seawater, while the salinization of soil in agricultural planting areas is mainly due to the large application of chemical fertilizers.
In order to improve soil salinization, greenhouse crops need to meet the requirements of growth and development of the greenhouse crops through artificially prepared planting soil, and the planting soil is required to be rich in humus, loose and soft, good in permeability, excellent in moisture and fertilizer retention and sufficient in nutrient elements. Various modifiers are usually added into the planting soil to improve the physicochemical properties of the soil, so as to promote the growth of plants and enhance the effect of plant restoration. A lot of modifying agents exist in the prior art, but most of the modifying agents have the defects of unsatisfactory modifying effect, long modifying period, temporary solution treatment, small treating area, inapplicability for wide use and the like, thereby limiting the popularization and the application of the modifying agents.
In addition, for improvement of salinized soil, irrigation salt washing, deep tillage soil dressing, physicochemical methods, plant improvement methods in agriculture, and the like are also commonly used, and these methods can improve physicochemical properties of soil to some extent, but have high operation cost and are likely to cause secondary pollution.
The organic fertilizer prepared by taking animal and plant residues as an organic source is a novel improved product at present, has a good application prospect in the fields of soil environment improvement and utilization of salinized land, has the advantages of low cost, no secondary pollution and the like, is approved by many experts and scholars at present, but the defects of slow effect, high improvement cost and the like still exist in the process of improving the salinized land by the granular organic fertilizer in application, and large-scale popularization and application are not realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for preventing and controlling the alkalization of soil salt for greenhouse planting in sunlight, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for preventing and controlling the alkalization of the soil salt for the solar greenhouse planting mainly comprises the following steps:
step S1: harvesting, namely harvesting straws, weeds or seedling vines for later use;
step S2: ditching, namely digging ditches with the depth of 60-80 cm and the width of 40-45 cm in a sunlight greenhouse shed, wherein the line spacing is 50-60 cm for later use;
step S3: covering a film, namely covering mulching films at the bottom and around the groove in the step S2, and punching 5-15 holes on the mulching films at the bottom, wherein the hole diameter is 1-5 cm;
step S4: filling 87.5-96.9 parts of straws or straw mixtures by weight into the ditch in the step S2;
step S5: mixing bacteria, namely uniformly spreading 0.1-0.5 part by weight of composite microbial inoculum on straws or straw mixtures, and turning and mixing the bacteria and the straws or straw mixtures by using a tool after spreading is finished;
step S6: watering, namely watering after the ditch is fully paved with straws in the step S2 to ensure that the water content of the straw mixture in the ditch is 40-60%;
step S7: ridging, namely filling the soil dug out during ditching and peripheral surface soil into a ditch, leveling the upper and lower ground outside the ditch, and filling soil into the ditch to be 20-30 cm higher than the ground to form a ridge surface with the width of 40-45 cm;
step S8: fermenting, namely fermenting the substances in the ditch for 30-60 days to ensure that the straws or the straw mixture can be fully fermented to obtain a primary fermented substance;
step S9: turning over, namely turning over the fermented product in the step S8 by using a tool to obtain a decomposed product;
step S10: sprinkling materials, namely uniformly throwing the decomposed substances in the ditch into soil before planting next crops;
step S11: and (3) ploughing and leveling the soil by adopting a deep ploughing mode, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-30 cm.
Preferably, the straws are any one or a mixture of more of soybean, corn, rape, rice, wheat, sweet potato, potato and vine straws, and the ditch filling material can also be any one or a mixture of seedling vines or weeds.
Preferably, the complex microbial inoculum comprises a mixture of any one or more of aspergillus glaucus, cercospora flavum, polyporus pinicola, trichoderma harzianum, verticillium chlamydosporium, lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis.
Preferably, hollow bricks are laid at the bottom of the trench dug in the step S3 instead of the perforated mulching film to prevent moisture accumulation and infiltration of saline and alkaline soil.
Preferably, the watering method is any one or more of sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation, micro-sprinkling irrigation, hole irrigation, furrow irrigation and flood irrigation.
Preferably, the collected straws are cut into 1-5 cm long by one or more of sawing, crushing and grinding to obtain crushed straws; the straws can not be crushed, and the straws picked up after being mechanically harvested and returned to the field can be directly paved in the ditch without any front-end treatment.
Preferably, when turning over, spraying the straws or the straw mixture in the deep ditches with a decomposition agent diluted by water in a volume ratio of 1:190 to water, wherein the weight ratio of the total spraying amount to the total straws is 1:9, and the decomposition agent is used for accelerating the decomposition of the straws.
Preferably, the decomposing inoculant comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 9-20% of bacillus subtilis, 7-19% of bacillus megatherium, 12-20% of trichoderma harzianum, 10-20% of trichoderma viride and 8-25% of bacillus thuringiensis; the preparation method of the decomposition agent comprises the following steps:
step 1, respectively inoculating bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, trichoderma harzianum, trichoderma viride and bacillus thuringiensis on a solid agar culture medium and then culturing;
step 2, respectively inoculating the strains cultured in the step 1 into liquid culture media for culturing;
step 3, respectively placing the strains cultured in the step 2 into a fermentation tank, and continuously culturing until the number of the strains in the fermentation liquor reaches 1.5-2.0 multiplied by 1011Per ml;
and 4, mixing and culturing the strains cultured in the step 3 according to the formula weight percentage to obtain the straw decomposition agent.
Preferably, a deodorant can be added during fermentation, and the deodorant comprises any one or a mixture of more of microbial complexing agents made of lactobacillus acidophilus, white rot fungi and thermal amylase streptomyces, wherein the addition amount of the microbial deodorizing agent is 0.1-0.25% of the total weight of the straw or the straw mixture.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method for preventing and controlling the alkalization of the sunshine greenhouse planting soil salt has the advantages of wide source of raw materials required by the planting soil, low cost, simple process, environmental friendliness and no adverse effect. The planting soil is rich in raw material varieties, can meet the growth requirements of various crops, and has good air permeability and water permeability and good water retention and moisture retention capacity. The soil is slightly acidic and contains rich humus, so that the soil is good in activity, nutrients in the soil can be slowly released, and the crops can be promoted to fully absorb the nutrients.
2. A method for preventing and controlling the basification of soil salt for greenhouse planting by sunlight has the effects of organic fertilizer and retarding the salinization, is rich in natural organic nutrient components and a large amount of probiotics, can break the soil hardening, effectively adjust the balance of microorganisms in the soil, eliminate the phenomena of salinization and the like of the soil caused by depending on chemical fertilizer abuse all year round, enhance the water and fertilizer permeability of the soil, improve the stress resistance and yield of crops and improve the quality of agricultural products; the product can promote the release of organic matters in soil, improve the physical and chemical structure of saline-alkali soil, increase soil aggregates and permeability, and improve soil fertility, and is an excellent saline-alkali soil conditioner for planting areas.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated and described by the following specific examples, which do not limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Example 1
A method for preventing and controlling the alkalization of soil salt for planting in a sunlight greenhouse mainly comprises the following steps:
firstly, harvesting straws for later use; secondly, digging a ditch with the depth of 60 cm and the width of 40 cm in the sunlight greenhouse shed, wherein the row spacing between the ditches is 50 cm for later use; then, mulching films are covered at the bottom and the periphery of the ditch, 5 holes are punched in the mulching films at the bottom, and the hole diameter is 1 cm; then, burying 87.5 parts by weight of straws in the ditch; then, 0.1 part by weight of composite microbial inoculum is uniformly scattered on the straws, and after scattering is finished, the straws are turned and stirred by a tool, so that the strains are fully mixed with the straws; watering after mixing to ensure that the water content of the straw in the ditch is 40 percent; after watering, filling the soil dug out during ditching and the peripheral surface soil into the ditch, leveling the upper and lower ground outside the ditch, and filling the soil into the ditch to be 20cm higher than the ground to form a ridge surface with the width of 40 cm; then fermenting the objects in the ditch for 30 days to ensure that the straws or the straw mixture can be fully fermented to obtain a primary fermented object; turning over the fermented product with a tool to obtain a decomposed product; uniformly throwing the decomposed substances in the ditch into soil before planting next crop; the soil is ploughed and leveled by adopting a deep ploughing mode, and the ploughing depth is 20 cm.
The straw is any one of soybean, corn, rape, rice, wheat, sweet potato, potato and potato stem straw, and the composite microbial agent comprises a mixture of a plurality of aspergillus glaucus, verticillium flavum, stenotrophospora rosea, trichoderma harzianum, verticillium chlamydosporium, lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis. The watering method is that the collected straws are cut into 1cm by a sawing method through sprinkling irrigation to obtain crushed straws, or the straws are not crushed, and the straws picked up after mechanical harvesting and returning to the field are directly paved in the ditch without any front-end treatment.
Adding deodorant during the fermentation step, wherein the deodorant comprises mixture of microorganism complexing agent prepared from Lactobacillus acidophilus, white rot fungus and thermal amylase streptomyces; and the addition amount of the microbial deodorizing microbial inoculum is 0.1 percent of the total weight of the straws. When the deep ditch is turned, the straws in the deep ditch are sprayed with a decomposing agent diluted by water in a ratio of 1:190, the weight ratio of the total amount of the spraying to the total straws is 1:9, and the decomposing agent is used for accelerating the decomposition of the straws. The decomposing inoculant comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 9% of bacillus subtilis, 7% of bacillus megatherium, 12% of trichoderma harzianum, 10% of trichoderma viride, 8% of bacillus thuringiensis, and the preparation method of the decomposition agent comprises the following steps:
firstly, respectively inoculating bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, trichoderma harzianum, trichoderma viride and bacillus thuringiensis on a solid agar culture medium and then culturing; then, respectively inoculating the cultured strains into liquid culture media for culture; then, respectively placing the cultured strains in a fermentation tankContinuously culturing until the number of bacteria in the fermentation liquor reaches 1.5 × 1011Per ml; and finally, mixing and culturing the cultured strains according to the weight percentage formula to obtain the straw decomposition agent.
Example 2
A method for preventing and controlling the alkalization of soil salt for planting in a sunlight greenhouse mainly comprises the following steps:
firstly, harvesting a straw mixture for later use; secondly, digging ditches with the depth of 70 cm and the width of 42 cm in the sunlight greenhouse shed, wherein the row spacing between the ditches is 55 cm for later use; then, mulching films are covered at the bottom and the periphery of the ditch, 10 holes are punched in the mulching films at the bottom, and the hole diameter is 2.5 cm; then, burying 92 parts by weight of straw mixture in the ditch; then, 0.3 part by weight of composite microbial inoculum is uniformly scattered on the straw mixture, and after scattering is finished, the straw mixture is turned and stirred by a tool, so that the strain and the straw mixture are fully mixed; watering after mixing to ensure that the water content of the straw mixture in the ditch is 50 percent; after watering, filling the soil dug out during ditching and the peripheral surface soil into the ditch, leveling the upper and lower ground outside the ditch, and filling the soil into the ditch to a height 25 cm higher than the ground to form a ridge surface with the width of 43 cm; then fermenting the objects in the ditch for 45 days to ensure that the straw mixture can be fully fermented to obtain a primary fermented object; turning over the fermented product with a tool to obtain a decomposed product; uniformly throwing the decomposed substances in the ditch into soil before planting next crop; and (3) ploughing and leveling the soil by adopting a deep ploughing mode, wherein the ploughing depth is 25 cm.
The above stalk is a mixture of any of soybean, corn, rape, rice, wheat, sweet potato, potato and potato vine stalk. The complex microbial inoculum comprises a plurality of mixtures of aspergillus glaucus, albedo, stenotrophospora rosea, trichoderma harzianum, verticillium chlamydosporium, lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis. The watering method is that the collected straw mixture is cut into 3cm by a micro-sprinkling irrigation method to obtain straw mixture crushed objects, or the straw mixture can not be crushed, and the straw mixture picked up after mechanical harvesting and returning to the field is directly paved in the ditch without any front-end treatment.
Adding deodorant during the fermentation step, wherein the deodorant comprises multiple mixtures of microorganism complexing agents prepared from Lactobacillus acidophilus, white rot fungus and thermal amylase streptomyces; and the addition amount of the microbial deodorizing bactericide is 0.15 percent of the total weight of the straw mixture. When in turning over, the straw mixture in the deep ditch is sprayed with a decomposing agent diluted by water in a ratio of 1:190, the weight ratio of the total amount of the spraying to the total straws is 1:9, and the decomposing agent is used for accelerating the decomposition of the straws. The decomposing inoculant comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: the preparation method of the decomposing inoculant comprises the following steps of preparing bacillus subtilis 15%, bacillus megatherium 13%, trichoderma harzianum 16%, trichoderma viride 15%, bacillus thuringiensis 16%, and the decomposing inoculant:
firstly, respectively inoculating bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, trichoderma harzianum, trichoderma viride and bacillus thuringiensis on a solid agar culture medium and then culturing; then, respectively inoculating the cultured strains into liquid culture media for culture; then, the cultured strains are respectively placed in a fermentation tank, and the culture is continued until the number of the strains in the fermentation liquor reaches 1.8 multiplied by 1011Per ml; and finally, mixing and culturing the cultured strains according to the weight percentage formula to obtain the straw mixture decomposing inoculant.
Example 3
A method for preventing and controlling the alkalization of soil salt for planting in a sunlight greenhouse mainly comprises the following steps:
firstly, harvesting weeds or seedling vines for later use; secondly, digging a ditch with the depth of 80 cm and the width of 45 cm in the sunlight greenhouse shed, wherein the row spacing between the ditches is 60 cm for later use; then, mulching films are covered at the bottom and the periphery of the ditch, 15 holes are punched in the mulching films at the bottom, and the hole diameter is 5 cm; then, burying 96.9 parts of weed or vine mixture by weight in the ditch; then, 0.5 part by weight of composite microbial inoculum is uniformly scattered on the mixture of the weeds or the seedlings and tendrils, and the mixture is stirred by a tool after the scattering is finished, so that the strains and the mixture of the weeds or the seedlings and tendrils are fully mixed; watering after mixing to ensure that the water content of the straw mixture in the ditch is 60 percent; after watering, filling the soil dug out during ditching and the peripheral surface soil into the ditch, leveling the upper and lower ground outside the ditch, and filling soil into the ditch to be 30 cm higher than the ground to form a ridge surface with the width of 45 cm; then fermenting the objects in the ditch for 60 days to ensure that the straws or the straw mixture can be fully fermented to obtain a primary fermented object; turning over the fermented product with a tool to obtain a decomposed product; uniformly throwing the decomposed substances in the ditch into soil before planting next crop; the soil is ploughed and leveled by adopting a deep ploughing mode, and the ploughing depth is 30 cm.
The filling material in the ditches can also be any one of seedling vines or weeds or a mixture. The complex microbial inoculum comprises a mixture of any of a plurality of aspergillus glaucus, cercospora flavum, stenotrophospora roseoflavus, trichoderma harzianum, verticillium chlamydosporium, lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis. The watering method is sprinkling irrigation. The collected weeds or the seedling vines are cut into 5cm by a sawing method to obtain the crushed weeds or the crushed seedling vines, or the weeds or the crushed seedling vines are not crushed, and the weeds or the seedling vines picked up after mechanical harvesting and returning to the field are directly paved in the ditches without any front end treatment.
Adding deodorant during the fermentation step, wherein the deodorant comprises mixture of multiple microorganism complexing agents prepared from Lactobacillus acidophilus, white rot fungus and thermal amylase streptomyces; and the addition amount of the microbial deodorizing microbial inoculum is 0.25 percent of the total weight of the straws or the straw mixture. When in turning over, the straws or the straw mixture in the deep ditches are sprayed with a decomposing agent diluted by water in a ratio of 1:190, the weight ratio of the total amount of the spraying to the total straws is 1:9, and the decomposing agent is used for accelerating the decomposition of the straws. The decomposing inoculant comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: the preparation method of the decomposing inoculant comprises the following steps of preparing 20% of bacillus subtilis, 19% of bacillus megatherium, 20% of trichoderma harzianum, 20% of trichoderma viride and 25% of bacillus thuringiensis:
firstly, respectively inoculating bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, trichoderma harzianum, trichoderma viride and bacillus thuringiensis on a solid agar culture medium and then culturing; then, respectively inoculating the cultured strains into liquid culture media for culture; then, respectively placing the cultured strains in a fermentation tank, and continuously culturing until the number of the strains in the fermentation liquor reaches 2 × 1011Per ml; finally, theMixing and culturing the cultured strains according to the weight percentage formula to obtain the weed or seedling and vine decomposing agent.
The present applicant has described and illustrated embodiments of the present invention in detail, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the detailed description is only for the purpose of helping the reader to better understand the spirit of the present invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the present invention, but rather, any improvement or modification made based on the spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.
The first test example: the influence of decomposed materials such as straws (weeds or seedling vines) on the agronomic characters and the yield of the corn.
Selecting 4 sunlight greenhouses on the same field as research objects, wherein the research objects comprise 3 test groups and 1 control group, and the area of each sunlight greenhouse is 500m2The planted crops are all cultivated corn B73.
The test group 1 is that corn straws are harvested according to the method and the steps described in the embodiment 1, decomposed substances are obtained through the steps of crushing, burying, fungus spraying, turning and stirring, watering, fermenting, turning, and the like, the decomposed substances in the ditches are uniformly thrown into soil before next crop planting, the soil is turned and leveled in a deep ploughing mode, corn seeds are planted after the soil is turned, and other management is performed in a conventional management mode.
The test group 2 is that corn, potato, sweet potato and rape straw are harvested according to the method and steps described in the embodiment 2, and then the rotten materials are obtained through the steps of crushing, burying, fungus sprinkling, stirring, watering, fermenting, turning over, and the like, the rotten materials in the ditch are uniformly thrown into the soil before the next crop is planted, the soil is ploughed and leveled in a deep ploughing mode, corn seeds are planted after the soil is ploughed, and other management adopts the same conventional management as the test group 1.
The test group 3 is obtained by harvesting weeds or seedling vines according to the method and steps described in the embodiment 3, crushing, burying, sprinkling bacteria, turning and stirring, watering, fermenting, turning over, throwing the rotten materials in the ditches into soil uniformly before planting next crop, turning over and leveling the soil in a deep ploughing mode, planting corn seeds after ploughing the soil, and adopting the same conventional management as the test 1 for other management.
In the control group 1, deep ploughing was used before planting the next crop, soil was ploughed and leveled only, corn seeds were planted after ploughing, and other management was the same as in test 1.
Test results show that if decomposed substances in ditches are uniformly thrown into soil before next crops are planted in a sunlight greenhouse to be ploughed and then planted with corns, the corn plants in the test group 1, the test group 2 and the test group 3 are found to grow vigorously, have thick and strong stems, are not easy to fall, have long green-keeping time, have large pollen scattering amount and are concentrated in flowering phase, but the corn plants in the control group 1 are weak in growth, have slender plant stems, are easy to spontaneously break, and most corn plants show that leaves turn yellow in advance, the pollen scattering period in the field is carried out intermittently, the pollen scattering is not concentrated enough, and occasionally, the phenomenon that the flowering phase of a specific plant is sterile occurs.
The average length of the corn ears in the test group 1, the test group 2 and the test group 3 is 20cm, the average ear row number is 12 rows, the average tip length is 0.3cm, and the seeds are full, while the average length of the corn ears in the control group 1 is 17.5cm, the average ear row number is 10 rows, and the average tip length is 1cm, which indicates that the corn yield is improved if the corn is planted after the rotten materials in the ditches are uniformly thrown into the soil before the next crop is planted and ploughed. The main reason is that the decomposed product can be used as a fertilizer to provide organic fertilizer for the growth of crops and promote the growth of the crops, and the decomposed product can release carbon dioxide through self decomposition in the growth process of the crops, and the carbon dioxide is one of raw materials for photosynthesis of the crops, so that the problem of insufficient carbon dioxide for photosynthesis in a sunlight greenhouse can be further solved by adding the decomposed product, the growth of plants is promoted, and the yield of the crops is improved.
Test example two: the degree of salinization of soil is detected according to the division of the national environmental protection Bureau on salinization and soil pH (tables 1 and 2) as indexes.
Respectively sampling soil in the test group 1, the test group 2, the test group 3 and the control group 1 before spraying decomposed substances in the ditch into a sunlight greenhouse, randomly selecting 5 parts of different samples on each test group, then air-drying the samples, putting the air-dried samples of the soil to be detected into a container, adding distilled water, uniformly shaking, wherein the mass ratio of the distilled water to the soil samples is 5:1, then filtering to obtain a clarified liquid, measuring by using a conductivity meter to obtain the conductivity of a soil leaching solution, converting the conductivity into a pH value, and performing Salinity (SO) treatment4 -2) The test site is Gansu province Zhangye, and the test depth is 0-30 cm.
The test results show (table 3) that the degree of salinization of the soil can be obviously reduced by spreading decomposed matters in the ditch in the sunlight greenhouse in the test group 1, and the soil is slightly acidic and contains abundant humus, so that the soil activity is good, the nutrients in the soil can be slowly released, and the nutrients can be fully absorbed by crops. In addition, the decomposed substance provided by the invention has the effects of organic fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers, is rich in natural organic nutritional ingredients and a large amount of probiotics, can break soil hardening, effectively regulate the balance of microorganisms in soil, eliminate phenomena of soil salinization and the like caused by depending on chemical fertilizer abuse all year round, enhance the water and fertilizer permeability of soil, improve the stress resistance and yield of crops, improve the quality of agricultural products, bury weeds, seedling vines or straws at the periphery of a ditch in the ditch, increase the air permeability of organic fertilizers and soil at the lower layer of the soil after the weeds, the seedling vines or the straws are rotted, and have good water retention and moisture retention capacity.
TABLE 1 grading index of soil salinization
TABLE 2 soil pH value grading Standard
TABLE 3 determination of salt and acid alkalinity in soil of test group and control group (both in northwest region)
Claims (10)
1. The method for preventing and controlling the alkalization of the soil salt for the solar greenhouse planting is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps of:
step S1: harvesting, namely harvesting straws, weeds or seedling vines for later use;
step S2: ditching, namely digging ditches with the depth of 60-80 cm and the width of 40-45 cm in a sunlight greenhouse shed, wherein the line spacing is 50-60 cm for later use;
step S3: covering a film, namely covering mulching films at the bottom and around the groove in the step S2, and punching 5-15 holes on the mulching films at the bottom, wherein the hole diameter is 1-5 cm;
step S4: filling 87.5-96.9 parts of straws or straw mixtures by weight into the ditch in the step S2;
step S5: mixing bacteria, namely uniformly spreading 0.1-0.5 part by weight of composite microbial inoculum on straws or straw mixtures, and turning and mixing the bacteria and the straws or straw mixtures by using a tool after spreading is finished;
step S6: watering, namely watering after the ditch is fully paved with straws in the step S2 to ensure that the water content of the straw mixture in the ditch is 40-60%;
step S7: ridging, namely filling the soil dug out during ditching and peripheral surface soil into a ditch, leveling the upper and lower ground outside the ditch, and filling soil into the ditch to be 20-30 cm higher than the ground to form a ridge surface with the width of 40-45 cm;
step S8: fermenting, namely fermenting the substances in the ditch for 30-60 days to ensure that the straws or the straw mixture can be fully fermented to obtain a primary fermented substance;
step S9: turning over, namely turning over the fermented product in the step S8 by using a tool to obtain a decomposed product;
step S10: sprinkling materials, namely uniformly throwing the decomposed substances in the ditch into soil before planting next crops;
step S11: and (3) ploughing and leveling the soil by adopting a deep ploughing mode, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-30 cm.
2. The method for preventing solar greenhouse planting soil salinization according to claim 1, wherein the straw is any one or a mixture of soybean, corn, rape, rice, wheat, sweet potato, potato and potato vine straw.
3. The method for preventing solar greenhouse planting soil salinization according to claim 1, wherein the trench filler is any one of seedling vines, weeds or a mixture of the two.
4. The method for preventing solar greenhouse planting soil salt alkalization according to claim 1, wherein the complex microbial inoculum comprises any one or a mixture of more of aspergillus glaucus, cyanobacteria flavedo, polyporus pinus, trichoderma harzianum, verticillium chlamydosporium, lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus subtilis.
5. The method for preventing alkalization of soil salt for solar greenhouse cultivation according to claim 1, wherein hollow bricks are laid on the bottom of the trench dug in the step S3 instead of the perforated mulching film to prevent moisture accumulation and infiltration of underground salt and alkali.
6. The method for preventing solar greenhouse planting soil salt alkalization according to claim 1, wherein the watering method is any one or more of sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation, micro-sprinkling irrigation, hole irrigation, furrow irrigation and flood irrigation.
7. The method for preventing and controlling the alkalization of the solar greenhouse planting soil salt according to claim 1, wherein the collected straws are cut into straw shreds with a length of 1-5 cm by one or more of sawing, smashing, crushing and grinding.
8. The method for preventing and controlling the alkalization of the soil salt for the solar greenhouse planting according to claim 1, wherein during the turning, the straws or the straw mixture in the deep ditches are sprayed with the decomposition agent diluted by water in a volume ratio of 1:190 to water, the weight ratio of the total amount of the spraying to the total straws is 1:9, and the decomposition agent is used for accelerating the decomposition of the straws.
9. The method for preventing alkalization of solar greenhouse planting soil salt according to claim 8,
the decomposing inoculant comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 9-20% of bacillus subtilis, 7-19% of bacillus megatherium, 12-20% of trichoderma harzianum, 10-20% of trichoderma viride and 8-25% of bacillus thuringiensis; the preparation method of the decomposition agent comprises the following steps:
step 1, respectively inoculating bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, trichoderma harzianum, trichoderma viride and bacillus thuringiensis on a solid agar culture medium and then culturing;
step 2, respectively inoculating the strains cultured in the step 1 into liquid culture media for culturing;
step 3, respectively placing the strains cultured in the step 2 into a fermentation tank, and continuously culturing until the number of the strains in the fermentation liquor reaches 1.5-2.0 multiplied by 1011Per ml;
and 4, mixing and culturing the strains cultured in the step 3 according to the formula weight percentage to obtain the straw decomposition agent.
10. The method for preventing solar greenhouse planting soil salinization according to claim 1, wherein a deodorant is added during the fermentation step, wherein the deodorant comprises a microbial complexing agent made from a mixture of any one or more of lactobacillus acidophilus, white rot fungi, and thermal amylase streptomyces; the addition amount of the microbial deodorizing microbial inoculum is 0.1-0.25% of the total weight of the straws or the straw mixture.
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