CN112166981A - Autumn smashing and field returning planting method suitable for rice straws in middle of northeast China - Google Patents
Autumn smashing and field returning planting method suitable for rice straws in middle of northeast China Download PDFInfo
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- CN112166981A CN112166981A CN202011102460.7A CN202011102460A CN112166981A CN 112166981 A CN112166981 A CN 112166981A CN 202011102460 A CN202011102460 A CN 202011102460A CN 112166981 A CN112166981 A CN 112166981A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method suitable for crushing and returning rice straws in the middle of northeast China in autumn, which comprises the following steps: in autumn, directly crushing fresh rice straws in a farmland by using a harvester in the field, wherein the length of the crushed fragments is 3-10cm, crushing and spreading the fragments on the surface of the field while ensuring uniform spreading to form returned straws; spreading a low-temperature straw microbial decomposition agent and a nitrogen fertilizer on the returned straws; ploughing the land to ensure that the decomposing inoculant is completely covered by the soil, and keeping the ploughing depth at 15-20 cm; and in the next year, planting rice in the ploughed farmland soil, and using a conventional fertilizer. The invention adopts a low-temperature straw microorganism decomposing agent which comprises the following components: mixing the microbial agent, humic acid, pig manure and soybean meal. In order to improve the decomposition rate of the straws in winter, the low-temperature-resistant lactic acid bacteria are added into the mixed microbial agent, so that the rice straws can be slowly decomposed in long winter, and the effect is obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of straw returning, in particular to a method suitable for crushing and returning rice straws in the middle of northeast in autumn.
Background
The straw returning field is a soil fertility increasing and yield increasing measure which is generally regarded as important in the world at present, and has the functions of increasing fertilizer and increasing yield while avoiding atmospheric pollution caused by straw burning. The straw returning can increase soil organic matters, improve soil structure, loosen soil, increase porosity, reduce capacity and promote microbial activity and crop root development. The effect of straw returning, fertilizer increasing and yield increasing is obvious, the yield can be increased by 5-10% generally, but if the method is improper, the adverse phenomena of soil germ increase, crop disease aggravation, seedling shortage (runt seedling) and the like can also be caused. Therefore, a reasonable straw returning measure is adopted, and a good returning effect can be achieved.
The straw returning is divided into direct returning and indirect returning according to the way. The indirect returning to the field includes general retting and returning to the field, and returning to the field through belly. Burning the straw in situ is not desirable. A large amount of nitrogen contained in the incinerated straws drifts into the atmosphere to cause pollution, and only some ash in the field is left. Meanwhile, traffic is affected during burning, and trees are easily burnt out by fire.
Returning the rice straws to the field can also influence the growth of crops under the condition of improper management because the phenomenon that microorganisms compete for nitrogen with the crops exists in the straw decomposition process. With the development of mechanical harvesting, the total returning of the straws to the field is rapidly developed, and how to promote the rapid decomposition and rotting of the straws is a major problem to be solved urgently in the current rice production. Particularly, in the northeast of China, although rice is planted in only 1 season every year, the temperature is generally lower than 0 ℃ in winter, and great difficulty is caused to microbial decomposition of rice straws, so that a method suitable for crushing and returning the rice straws to the field in the middle of the northeast in autumn is needed to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a method suitable for crushing and returning rice straws in the middle of northeast China to fields in autumn.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a autumn smashing and field returning planting method suitable for rice straws in the middle of northeast comprises the following steps:
A. in autumn, directly crushing fresh rice straws in a farmland by using a harvester in the field, wherein the length of the crushed fragments is 3-10cm, crushing and spreading the fragments on the surface of the field while ensuring uniform spreading to form returned straws;
B. spreading a low-temperature straw microbial decomposition agent and a nitrogen fertilizer on the returned straws;
C. ploughing the land to ensure that the decomposing inoculant is completely covered by the soil, and keeping the ploughing depth at 15-20 cm;
D. and in the next year, planting rice in the ploughed farmland soil, and using a conventional fertilizer.
Preferably, in the step A, the stubble of the rice in the farmland is 8-15 cm.
Preferably, in the step B, the low-temperature straw microorganism decomposing inoculant consists of the following components: mixing the microbial agent, humic acid, pig manure and soybean meal.
Further preferably, in the step B, the low-temperature straw microorganism decomposing inoculant consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 3-8% of mixed microbial agent, 8-15% of humic acid, 12-20% of pig manure and the balance of soybean meal.
More preferably, in the step B, the mixed microbial agent is composed of the following components: bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus megaterium, azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, trichoderma harzianum and low-temperature-resistant lactic acid bacteria.
Further preferably, the low temperature resistant lactic acid bacteria are leuconostoc mesenteroides which is separated from pickle samples and has strong growth and reproduction capability and strong acid production capability through fermentation, and are disclosed in Chinese patent application CN 109456914.
Preferably, in the step B, the viable count of various microbial agents in the low-temperature straw microbial decomposition agent reaches 109-1010cfu/ml。
The invention has the advantages that: a autumn smashing and field returning planting method suitable for rice straws in the middle of northeast comprises the following steps: in autumn, directly crushing fresh rice straws in a farmland by using a harvester in the field, wherein the length of the crushed fragments is 3-10cm, crushing and spreading the fragments on the surface of the field while ensuring uniform spreading to form returned straws; spreading a low-temperature straw microbial decomposition agent and a nitrogen fertilizer on the returned straws; ploughing the land to ensure that the decomposing inoculant is completely covered by the soil, and keeping the ploughing depth at 15-20 cm; and in the next year, planting rice in the ploughed farmland soil, and using a conventional fertilizer. The invention adopts a low-temperature straw microorganism decomposing agent which comprises the following components: mixing the microbial agent, humic acid, pig manure and soybean meal. In order to improve the decomposition rate of the straws in winter, the low-temperature-resistant lactic acid bacteria are added into the mixed microbial agent, so that the rice straws can be slowly decomposed in long winter, and the effect is obvious.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A autumn smashing and field returning planting method suitable for rice straws in the middle of northeast comprises the following steps:
A. in autumn, directly crushing fresh rice straws in a farmland by using a harvester in the field, wherein the length of the crushed fragments is 3-10cm, crushing and spreading the fragments on the surface of the field while ensuring uniform spreading to form returned straws;
B. spreading a low-temperature straw microorganism decomposition agent and urea on the returned straws;
C. ploughing the land to ensure that the decomposing inoculant is completely covered by the soil, and keeping the ploughing depth at 15-20 cm;
D. and in the next year, planting rice in the ploughed farmland soil, and using a conventional fertilizer.
In the step A, the stubble of the rice is kept at 8-15cm in the farmland.
In the step B, the low-temperature straw microorganism decomposing inoculant consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 5% of mixed microbial agent, 12% of humic acid, 18% of pig manure and the balance of soybean meal.
In the step B, the mixed microbial agent consists of the following components: bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus megaterium, azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, trichoderma harzianum and low-temperature-resistant lactic acid bacteria.
The low temperature resistant lactobacillus is leuconostoc mesenteroides which is separated from a pickle sample and has strong growth and reproduction capability and strong fermentation acid production capability and is disclosed in Chinese invention patent CN 109456914.
In the step B, the viable count of various microbial agents in the low-temperature straw microbial decomposition agent reaches (2-3) × 109cfu/ml。
Example 2
A autumn smashing and field returning planting method suitable for rice straws in the middle of northeast comprises the following steps:
A. in autumn, directly crushing fresh rice straws in a farmland by using a harvester in the field, wherein the length of the crushed fragments is 3-10cm, crushing and spreading the fragments on the surface of the field while ensuring uniform spreading to form returned straws;
B. spreading a low-temperature straw microorganism decomposition agent and urea on the returned straws;
C. ploughing the land to ensure that the decomposing inoculant is completely covered by the soil, and keeping the ploughing depth at 15-20 cm;
D. and in the next year, planting rice in the ploughed farmland soil, and using a conventional fertilizer.
In the step A, the stubble of the rice is kept at 8-15cm in the farmland.
In the step B, the low-temperature straw microorganism decomposing inoculant consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 8% of mixed microbial agent, 8% of humic acid, 20% of pig manure and the balance of soybean meal.
In the step B, the mixed microbial agent consists of the following components: bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus megaterium, azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, trichoderma harzianum and low-temperature-resistant lactic acid bacteria.
The low temperature resistant lactobacillus is leuconostoc mesenteroides which is separated from a pickle sample and has strong growth and reproduction capability and strong fermentation acid production capability and is disclosed in Chinese invention patent CN 109456914.
In the step B, the viable count of various microbial agents in the low-temperature straw microbial decomposition agent reaches (3-5) × 109cfu/ml。
Example 3
A autumn smashing and field returning planting method suitable for rice straws in the middle of northeast comprises the following steps:
A. in autumn, directly crushing fresh rice straws in a farmland by using a harvester in the field, wherein the length of the crushed fragments is 3-10cm, crushing and spreading the fragments on the surface of the field while ensuring uniform spreading to form returned straws;
B. spreading a low-temperature straw microorganism decomposition agent and urea on the returned straws;
C. ploughing the land to ensure that the decomposing inoculant is completely covered by the soil, and keeping the ploughing depth at 15-20 cm;
D. and in the next year, planting rice in the ploughed farmland soil, and using a conventional fertilizer.
In the step A, the stubble of the rice is kept at 8-15cm in the farmland.
In the step B, the low-temperature straw microorganism decomposing inoculant consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 3% of mixed microbial agent, 15% of humic acid, 12% of pig manure and the balance of soybean meal.
In the step B, the mixed microbial agent consists of the following components: bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus megaterium, azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, trichoderma harzianum and low-temperature-resistant lactic acid bacteria.
The low temperature resistant lactobacillus is leuconostoc mesenteroides which is separated from a pickle sample and has strong growth and reproduction capability and strong fermentation acid production capability and is disclosed in Chinese invention patent CN 109456914.
In the step B, the viable count of various microbial agents in the low-temperature straw microbial decomposition agent reaches (1-2) × 109cfu/ml。
Comparative example 1
The low temperature resistant lactic acid bacteria in the mixed microbial agent in the example 1 are removed, and the rest proportion and the planting method are unchanged.
Comparative example 2
The low-temperature-resistant lactic acid bacteria in the mixed microbial agent in the embodiment 1 are replaced by the cold-region straw-decomposing bacteria C4 disclosed in the Chinese patent invention CN108841743A, and the rest proportion and the planting method are unchanged.
Comparative example 3
All the microbial agents in the mixed microbial agent in the embodiment 1 are replaced by low-temperature-resistant lactic acid bacteria, and the rest proportion and the planting method are unchanged.
Comparative example 4
The mixed microbial inoculum in the embodiment 1 is replaced by the cold-region straw decomposing bacteria C4 disclosed in the Chinese invention patent CN108841743A, and the rest proportion and the planting method are unchanged.
Comparative example 5
The mixed microbial agent in the example 1 is removed, and the rest proportion and the planting method are unchanged.
The degradation rates of the rice straws in the farmlands of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were measured (the amount of the decomposition agent was 2 kg/mu), and the following measurement data (the farmlands at the measurement sites were located in the west and west counties of the middle of the east and west areas of the iron ridge city) were obtained, and the specific measurement data are shown in table 1:
table 1: degradation rates of rice straw in the agricultural fields of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5;
according to the test data, the rice straw autumn smashing and returning planting method disclosed by the invention is simple to operate, the degradation rate of the straw is very high, and the utilization rate of the straw in northeast regions can be effectively improved. Particularly, after the low-temperature-resistant lactic acid bacteria are added, the degradation rate of the straws in winter can be effectively improved.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A rice straw autumn smashing and field returning planting method suitable for the middle part of northeast is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. in autumn, directly crushing fresh rice straws in a farmland by using a harvester in the field, wherein the length of the crushed fragments is 3-10cm, crushing and spreading the fragments on the surface of the field while ensuring uniform spreading to form returned straws;
B. spreading a low-temperature straw microbial decomposition agent and a nitrogen fertilizer on the returned straws;
C. ploughing the land to ensure that the decomposing inoculant is completely covered by the soil, and keeping the ploughing depth at 15-20 cm;
D. and in the next year, planting rice in the ploughed farmland soil, and using a conventional fertilizer.
2. The planting method suitable for crushing and returning rice straws to the field in the middle of northeast China in autumn as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step A, stubble of rice is left in the farmland at 8-15 cm.
3. The planting method suitable for crushing and returning rice straws to the field in autumn as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step B, the low-temperature straw microbial decomposition agent comprises the following components: mixing the microbial agent, humic acid, pig manure and soybean meal.
4. The planting method suitable for crushing and returning rice straws to the field in autumn as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step B, the low-temperature straw microbial decomposition agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3-8% of mixed microbial agent, 8-15% of humic acid, 12-20% of pig manure and the balance of soybean meal.
5. The planting method suitable for crushing and returning rice straws to the field in autumn as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein in the step B, the mixed microbial agent consists of the following components: bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus megaterium, azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, trichoderma harzianum and low-temperature-resistant lactic acid bacteria.
6. The planting method suitable for crushing rice straws in autumn and returning the rice straws to the field in the northeast of claim 5, wherein the low temperature resistant lactic acid bacteria are leuconostoc mesenteroides which is separated from pickle samples and has strong growth and reproduction capability and strong fermentation and acid production capability and is disclosed in the Chinese invention patent CN 109456914.
7. The planting method of claim 3, wherein in step B, the viable count of each microbial agent in the low-temperature straw microbial decomposition agent reaches 109-1010cfu/ml。
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112913369A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-06-08 | 东北农业大学 | Method for preventing and controlling alkalization of sunshine greenhouse planting soil salt |
| CN114051785A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-02-18 | 宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所（宁夏回族自治区农作物育种中心） | Method for decomposing and returning all straws to field by using decomposing agent |
| CN115191303A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-10-18 | 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所 | Method for cultivating carbon-fixing rice in winter paddy field by emission reduction |
| CN115336513A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-11-15 | 沈阳农业大学 | Autumn wet rake returning field fertilization high-yield cultivation method for rice straw |
| CN115500225A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-12-23 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Method for improving taste quality of rice in cold region |
| CN115812376A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-03-21 | 石河子大学 | Method for directly crushing cotton straws and returning the crushed cotton straws to field |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112913369A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-06-08 | 东北农业大学 | Method for preventing and controlling alkalization of sunshine greenhouse planting soil salt |
| CN114051785A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-02-18 | 宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所（宁夏回族自治区农作物育种中心） | Method for decomposing and returning all straws to field by using decomposing agent |
| CN115191303A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-10-18 | 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所 | Method for cultivating carbon-fixing rice in winter paddy field by emission reduction |
| CN115336513A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-11-15 | 沈阳农业大学 | Autumn wet rake returning field fertilization high-yield cultivation method for rice straw |
| CN115500225A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-12-23 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Method for improving taste quality of rice in cold region |
| CN115812376A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-03-21 | 石河子大学 | Method for directly crushing cotton straws and returning the crushed cotton straws to field |
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Application publication date: 20210105 |