CN1054260C - Ternary hybrid rape seed breeding technique inhibiting micropollen - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a seed breeding method for overcoming cytoplasmic male sterile line trace pollen of cabbage type rape, which comprises the steps of selecting and matching combination, optimum-period sowing, strict isolation, row ratio determination and impurity and cracking removal. In the method, a sterility line Rong A069 is bred by using a low-temperature insensitive sterility line Rong A069 as a female parent and using a maintenance line Rong B069 as a male parent; and a hybrid Rong oil No. 3 is prepared by using the sterility line Rong A069 as a female parent and a restoring line Rong C2150 as a male parent through spring sowing or sowing in the arriving winter period. The hybrid has the advantages of precocity, high yield, excellent quality, good comprehensive benefit, strong resistance, wide adaptability, easy seed breading, etc.

Description

The triple crossing rape overcomes little pollen producing method for seed

The invention belongs to cabbage type rape cytoplasm male sterility three line heterosis utilization technical field.

Rape ubiquity hybrid vigour, utilizing hybrid vigour to improve output has become the current main goal of attack of rapeseed breeding both at home and abroad.In all multipaths that rape heterosis utilizes, the cytoplasm male sterility three line heterosis utilization occupies critical role.China is in world lead level at the research rape heterosis aspect utilizing, and has successively realized that the cabbage type rape cytoplasm male sterility three line is supporting, and has bred some crossbreed and applied on producing.Introduce the present situation that domestic and international rape heterosis utilizes below respectively:

The research of external rape cytoplasmic male sterile line mainly contains TCMS male sterile line, SCMS male sterile line, radish cytoplasmic male sterility, living two row mustard male sterile line and other cytoplasmic male sterile lines of wall.

TCMS male sterile line: Thompson (1972) has reported and has utilized Polish spring habit cabbage type rape variety Bronouskj and winter rape variety hybridization F ₂In obtain the cytoplasmic male sterility strain, form through seed selection and promptly be called the TCMS male sterile line.The colored obvious characteristics of this male sterile line is that petal is narrow, stamen short, has a small amount of pollen grain.The sterile degree of this sterile material is incomplete, and it is modified by environmental factor, as under 20-25 ℃ of higher temperature, pollen can occur.

SCMS male sterile line: Shiga and Baba (1971,1973) separate from Japan cultivars Chisayanatane (dried pod rape) and Hokuriku23 (northern 23) intervarietal cross combination and obtain male sterile material, be called the SCMS male sterile line, the flower of this male sterile plant shows as little flower pesticide and has a small amount of or do not have pollen grain.Its shortcoming is the same with TCMS, and when temperature is higher (greater than 20 ℃), performance is unstable, and male sterile line can form the flower that can educate.

More than two male sterile lines, male sterile is incomplete, instability, environment to pollen fertility influence greatly belongs to high temperature and can educate type, is difficult in the practice utilize.

Radish cytoplasmic male sterility: Ogura (1968) finds cytoplasmic male sterility in japanese radish (kind is unclear), Bannerot (1974) adopts and backcrosses for continuous four times, the wild cabbage cell nucleus is imported among the japanese radish CMS, obtain the wild cabbage cytoplasmic sterile line, form Brassica napus male sterile line with the transformation of repeated backcross method again, be called radish matter male sterile line.The sterile gene performance of the sterile strain of this male sterile line is good, sterility is thoroughly stablized, and all kinds can both keep its sterile gene, but this male sterile line is not bred recovery system so far, also exist to lack the problem of chlorophyll and close gland number and the decline of secrete nectar amount simultaneously, so also fail to be used for F ₁Seed is produced.

Wall is given birth to two row mustard male sterile line: Japanese Hinata (1979) breeding Chinese cabbage type cytoplasmic male sterile line in the living two row mustard of the nuclear of Chinese cabbage type importing wall.But to successfully use this male sterile line, need to obtain better maintenance line.And maintenance line relates to the self-affinity problem, so the hybridization of male sterile line and maintenance line becomes the thing of difficulty, so although the researcher has found this system, keep sterility more to be a problem than recovering.

Other cytoplasmic male sterile lines: Rouselle (1981) imports the cell nucleus of cabbage type rape indirectly in the black mustard cytoplasm and goes, and has obtained the cabbage type rape male sterile line; Brar.G.S etc. (1980) have reported that he has found the male sterile of mustard type rape in mustard type rape intervarietal cross and juncea and Chinese cabbage type species hybrid offspring, and these new sterile materials are also in continuing research.

The research of domestic cytoplasmic male sterile line mainly contains Ah You A male sterile line, Hunan A male sterile line, shaan 2a cms and Pori's horse male sterile line.

Ah You A male sterile line: the academy of agricultural sciences, Sichuan Province at first finds Chinese cabbage type cytoplasmic male sterility material nineteen sixty-five, once breeds Ah You A male sterile line, but sterile plant rate, sterile degree and first-filial generation advantage are not strong, can not use on producing.After the cell nucleus of cabbage type rape is imported among the Ah You A, bred cabbage type rape cytoplasmic male sterile line, match out crossbreed river oil 12, and in 1992 by authorizing, but hybrid F ₁Sow in spring and the summer sowing condition under complete sterility almost, reason such as lodging resistance difference fails to continue application on producing in addition.

Hunan A male sterile line: the academy of agricultural sciences, Hunan Province bred Wild cabbage type cytoplasmic male sterile line Hunan A male sterile line in 1976, and realization three series mating, but because of sterile plant rate, sterile degree and recovery rate all fail to reach set quota, male sterile line instability, recovery rate are high and influence heterotic performance, so fail on producing, to continue to promote, and the apolegamy the male sterile hybrid, also fail by.

Shaan 2a cms: land-reclaimable science and education center, Shaanxi Province nineteen eighty-three is bred Wild cabbage type cytoplasmic male sterile line Shan 2A, and realization three series mating, No. 2, the three-way cross hybrid Qin oil of breeding in 1986 and on producing, applying, this kind winter habit is strong, breeding time is long, ripe late, mainly suit in Shan Nan, the Yellow River and Huai He River district and some areas, the Yangtze river basin, should not be in the Yangtze river basin, the most of two ripe and regional plantations of triple-cropping system in southwest, can not be in the spring rape district plantation and the production of hybrid seeds, the production of hybrid seeds winter rape district to the north of the Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi that suits.

Pori's horse male sterile line: Hua Zhong Agriculture University bred male sterile line 1238A in 1985 at cabbage type rape Pori Malaysia and China discovery male sterile plant in 1972, realized three series mating, and the low erucic acid hybrid of breeding China passed through to authorize in assorted No. 2 1992.China belongs to semiwinternesses, middle late-maturing variety assorted No. 2, and the ripe phase is than the oily No. 2 Zao 2-4 of the Qin days, and than middle oily 821 slow ripe 1-2 days, output and middle oily 821 suitable was lower than the Qin oily No. 2.

To sum up domestic and international situation, aspect the research of cytoplasm male sterility three line heterosis utilization, China is in world lead level, but still fail to select precocity, high yield, quality is more excellent, comprehensive benefit is high, anti-(anti-) property is strong, easily the strong advantage applied in any combination of the cabbage type rape cytoplasm male sterility three line of comprehensive good characteristics such as crossbreeding is in production, also fail to work out and overcome its low temperature non-sensitive type male sterile line trace-pollen effectively, carry out the technology of scale hybrid seeding.

Purpose of the present invention is just in order to overcome the deficiency in the rape heterosis utilization, select precocity, high yield, high-quality, the comprehensive benefit height that is fit to China's plantation, the strong advantage combination that resists the stronger cabbage type rape cytoplasm male sterility three line of (anti-) property, and can overcome low temperature non-sensitive type male sterile line trace-pollen effectively, and the production of hybrid seeds that matches, breeding and culture technique are applied to produce.

The invention is characterized in:

A kind of cabbage type rape overcomes the producing method for seed of cytoplasmic male sterile line trace-pollen, comprises apolegamy combination, proper seeding, and strict the isolation, determine the row ratio, strict impurity elimination, cut off the male parent measure; Rape florescence temperature guarantees more than 10 ℃, makes female parent with low temperature non-sensitive type male sterile line Rong A069, and maintenance line Rong B069 makes male parent, breeding male sterile lines Rong A069; Make female parent with male sterile line Rong A069, recovery is that Rong C2150 makes male parent, takes spring sowing or faces teletostage sowing preparing hybrid kind Rongyou No.3.

The strict isolation is meant that isolated area is having under the natural barriers like hills condition, requires horizontal range greater than 1000 meters, and the local horizontal range of mountain pass and barrier difference is greater than 3000 meters; Must not plant non-male parent rape and crop in cruciferae in production of hybrid seeds district and the isolated area, in 3000 meters scopes, stop bee colony.

Strict impurity elimination, cut off male parent and be meant and want strict assorted strain of removing non-male parent in breeding or production of hybrid seeds district and the isolated area in seedling flower bud phase and flowering stage, impurity elimination will be strictly distinguished in father and mother's one's own profession, early flowering season is wanted the repeated multiple times impurity elimination, and father and mother spend in back three days this end must all cut off male parent from the soil table.

Determine row than being meant that breeding or production of hybrid seeds father and mother one's own profession ratio are 1: 3-5.

Face teletostage sowing and be meant in daily mean temperature over the years stably drops to 10 ℃ preceding 8 days, promptly faced before the winter be 0-100 ℃ greater than 0 ℃ effective accumulated temperature during in, it is live that father and mother dig the cave this same period; With the maternal Rong A069 early flowering season by coming more than or equal between 0 ℃ accumulated temperature 940-960 ℃, this moment daily mean temperature stably greater than 10 ℃, no longer produce trace-pollen.

The height above sea level of spring sowing preparing hybrid kind Rongyou No.3 is a 2300-3400 rice.

The height above sea level of spring sowing preparing hybrid kind Rongyou No.3 is a 2800-3200 rice.

The source of Rong A069: from the hybrid population of cabbage type rape " 85-54 " and " 85-85 " intervarietal cross, found male sterile plant in 1985, code name 86A, add for continuous backcross, evaluation through test cross and local autumn sowing and strange land summer sowing (Kunming), sow in spring (Aba state), bred Wild cabbage type cytoplasmic male sterile line Rong A069 in 1989.

The feature of Rong A069: (1) morphological feature: Wild cabbage type, sub-kidney-shaped leaves, seedling half is upright, the lobus cardiacus green, decomposite leaf 2-3 is right, and is big in the sliver of top, leaf green, the nearly sawtooth of leaf margin, vein white, petiole is long; Children's stem, the little purple of tongue stem, leaf, stem have cured powder, few seta.Petal is little, yellow, separation, open and flat, and gynoecium is grown normal, and the pollen of accepting maintenance line and recovery system can be normally solid.Rong A069 belongs to the low temperature non-sensitive type, promptly trace-pollen can occur under cryogenic conditions, and is with the temperature male thorough abortion that raises, low to male thorough sterile inversion temperature by trace-pollen occurring; Be embodied in and work as daily mean temperature greater than under 10 ℃ the condition, filigree foreshortens to base portion or does not extend, and flower pesticide is creamy white, and carries shape, abortion WUHUAFEN grain; When daily mean temperature less than 10 ℃ condition under, flower pesticide can produce trace-pollen, though vitality a little less than, selfing or sisters hand over certain ripening rate, and keeps the original whole features of male sterile line.Chengdu Plain autumn sowing before and after September 20, generally plant height is about 200 centimetres, about 60 centimetres of for the first time effective branch height, long about 70 centimetres of main sequence, once effectively branch 9-10 is individual, and several about 400 of individual plant angle fruit, average every fruit are more than 10, and thousand kernel weight 4.5-5 restrains.This sowing phase, next year early March just spend, temperature is stable as yet greater than 10 ℃, just blooming assortedly has trace-pollen, sowing should be suitably postponed in the production of hybrid seeds.Chengdu Plain faces the teletostage (in 11 months, the last ten-days period) sowing, and general plant height 130-150 centimetre, effective about 55 centimetres of branch height for the first time, main sequence is about 50 centimetres, about 4 of once effective branches, about 120 of individual plant angle fruit number, about 11 of every fruits are about thousand kernel weight 3 grams.This phase sowing was just spent before and after March 20 next year, and temperature is stable greater than 10 ℃, all spends assorted no trace-pollen, and this phase is production of hybrid seeds optimum period.Go up April in the spring rape district, sow in spring the middle ten days, and general plant height 130-160 centimetre, 50-70 centimetre of for the first time effective branch height, main sequence is about 50-70 centimetre, and the every fruit of individual plant is counted 150-260, and average every fruit is more than 10, about thousand kernel weight 4 grams.The spring rape district sows in spring, flowering stage temperature all greater than 10 ℃, all spend assorted no trace-pollen, the suitable spring sowing production of hybrid seeds.Nearly straight living, medium the greatly enhancing of the every fruit of Rong A069, seed black, circle.Oil content 37-40%, content of erucic acid 40.22%, sulphur glycosides amount 92.47umol/g (2) biological property: weak winter habit, in precocious partially.Chengdu Plain is sowing before and after September 20, about the 220 days time of infertility; Face the teletostage sowing, about the 166 days time of infertility; The spring rape district sows in spring the time of infertility about 130.Growth is sane, and neat and consistent is anti-ly fallen, cold-resistant, anti-white rust, downy mildew virus, stalk break.

Output performance and the suitable area of Rong A069: Chengdu Plain faces the teletostage sowing, about 50 kilograms of general per mu yields, and the highest per mu yield can reach 100 kilograms; The spring rape district sows in spring, about 100 kilograms of general per mu yields, and the highest per mu yield can reach more than 150 kilograms.Sichuan Province's winter, spring rape district and similar ecological area all can be bred or the production of hybrid seeds.

The source of Rong B069: 1986 is to form with " 86A " test cross and continuous backcross seed selection with " P86-95 " choosing.

The feature of Rong B069: (1), morphological feature: Wild cabbage type, sub-kidney-shaped leaves, seedling half is upright, the lobus cardiacus green, decomposite leaf 2-3 is right, and is big in the sliver of top, leaf green, vein white, the nearly sawtooth of leaf margin, petiole is long; Children's stem, the little purple of tongue stem, leaf, stem have cured powder, few seta.Big, yellow, the multiple watt shape, open and flat of petal, female stamen is grown normal, and filigree is long, and flower pesticide is a little more than column cap, and pollen amount is big.Chengdu Plain was sowed before and after September 20,190 centimetres of general plant heights, and 76 centimetres of for the first time effective branch height, long 55 centimetres of main sequence, 8 of once effective branch amounts, several 353 of individual plant angle fruit, 14 of every fruits are more than thousand kernel weight 3 grams; Chengdu Plain faces the teletostage to be sowed, and general plant height 125-140 centimetre, about 50 centimetres of for the first time effective branch height, long 50 centimetres of main sequence, about 4 of once effective branch amounts.Several about 250 of individual plant angle fruit, about 12 of every fruits are about thousand kernel weight 3.5 grams; Go up April in the spring rape district, sow in spring the middle ten days, and general plant height 125-155 centimetre, 50-70 centimetre of for the first time effective branch height, the long 50-60 of main sequence centimetre, several about 300 of individual plant angle fruit, every fruit are more than 12, about thousand kernel weight 4 grams.Nearly straight living, medium the greatly enhancing of RongB069Jiao fruit, seed black, circle, oil content about 40%, content of erucic acid 36.04%, sulphur glycosides content 84.30umol/g.(2), biological property: weak winter habit, in precocious partially.Chengdu is sowing before and after September 20, about the 218 days time of infertility; Face the teletostage sowing, about the 168 days time of infertility; The spring rape district sows in spring, about the 130 days time of infertility.Anti-fall, cold-resistant, anti-white rust, downy mildew, virus, stalk break.Growth is sane, neat and consistent, and with male sterile line Rong A069 hybridization, energy 100% keeps the sterile gene of Rong A069.

Output performance and the suitable area of Rong B069: general per mu yield 140-150 kilogram, the highest per mu yield is more than 200 kilograms.Sichuan Province's winter, spring rape district and similar ecological area all can be planted and be bred.

The source of Rong C2150: found the recovery source with cabbage type rape variety " P85-32 " the choosing system and " B6A " test cross that introduce, and bred in 1986 through intervarietal cross.

The feature of Rong C2150: (1), morphological feature: Wild cabbage type, sub-kidney-shaped leaves, seedling half is upright, the lobus cardiacus green, about 4 pairs of decomposite leafs, big in the sliver of top, dark green leaf color, blade white, the nearly sawtooth of leaf margin, petiole is long; Base of leaf wax powder is many, few seta; Children's stem, tongue stem green; Big, yellow, the multiple watt shape, open and flat of petal, female stamen is grown normal, and filigree is long, the flower pesticide prosperity, apparently higher than column cap, pollen amount is big.Chengdu Plain was sowed before and after September 20,185 centimetres of general plant heights, and 61 centimetres of for the first time effective branch height, long 62 centimetres of main sequence, 8 of once effective branch amounts, several 443 of individual plant angle fruit, about 15 of every fruits are more than thousand kernel weight 3.1 grams.Chengdu Plain faces the teletostage to be sowed, about 120 centimetres of general plant heights, about 68 centimetres of for the first time effective branch height, long 42 centimetres of main sequence, about 3 of once effective branches.70-80 of individual plant angle fruit number, about 23 of every fruits are about thousand kernel weight 2.6 grams.Go up April in the spring rape district, spring sowing in the middle ten days, and general plant height 120-150 centimetre, 50-60 centimetre of for the first time effective branch height, long 62 centimetres of main sequence, about 4 of once effective branches, several about 200 of individual plant angle fruit, about 20 of every fruits are more than thousand kernel weight 3 grams.The RongC2150Jiao fruit is elongated, slightly lives again seed pitchy, circle, oil content 38.13%, content of erucic acid 33.88%, sulphur glycosides content 57.71umol/g.(2), biological property: Wild cabbage type, inclined to one side spring habit, precocity.Chengdu is sowing before and after September 20, about the 216 days time of infertility.Face the teletostage sowing, about the 166 days time of infertility; The spring rape district sows in spring, about the 128 days time of infertility.Growth potential is strong, neat and consistent; Cold-resistant, anti-white rust, downy mildew, virus disease, anti-, more anti-stalk break.With male sterile line Rong A069 hybridization, energy 100% recovers the male sterility of Rong A069.

The output performance of Rong C2150 and adaptation area: 140 kilograms of general per mu yields, the highest per mu yield is more than 200 kilograms.Sichuan Province's winter, spring rape district and similar ecological area all can be planted and be bred.

Advantage of the present invention and good effect are as follows:

The present invention has not only realized the supporting and heterosis utilization of cabbage type rape cytoplasm male sterility three line, and overcoming aspect the production of hybrid seeds of male sterile line trace-pollen, work out a whole set of and effectively be suitable for the new technology that to carry out the scale three line for hybrid seed production, split a three line for hybrid seed production new way, expanded the three line for hybrid seed production new region.Its hybrid is promoted mainly three line hybrid seed and conventional the kind relatively mainly contains following outstanding advantage with existing:

1, precocity: Rongyou No.3 is planted in the Sichuan Basin, gives birth to entirely about 220 days, and conventional early-maturing varieties such as ripe phase and ten thousand oil 17, river oil 11 are close, than promoting mainly in the conventional variety oily 821 late sowings 10 days, and precocious 6 days, than the Qin's No. 2 precocities of oil more than 10 days.In the plantation of two ripe and triple-cropping systems area, can avoid crops for rotation and labour's contradiction effectively, help the timely plantations of crop sown in spring such as paddy rice, cotton and increasing both production and income.Because the Rongyou No.3 precocity, the inclined to one side spring habit of weak winter habit in the plantation of spring rape district, about the 130 days time of infertility, can increase cabbage type rape plantation height above sea level and northing latitude, and is in time ripe, avoids later stage frost.

2, high yield: examination of provinces and regions, 1990-1993 Sichuan and the examination of urban district, Chengdu etc. are 140 tests and large-scale demonstration popularization result inside and outside the province, 292.67 kilograms of the highest per mu yields of Rongyou No.3,150.73 kilograms of average yield per mus, than promoting mainly oil 821 average volume increase 27.13% in the rape variety, than No. 2 average volume increase 19.93% of Qin's oil, the result is promoted in demonstration in 1994, generally promotes mainly rape variety volume increase 20-30% than the locality.

3, quality is more excellent: Rongyou No.3 erucic acid and sulphur glycosides content are significantly improved, wherein content of erucic acid 38.74%, than in oil 821 and Qin oil reduced by 10 left and right sides percentage points No. 2, grouts sulphur glycosides content 68.10umol/g (containing indoles sulphur glycosides), than middle oily 821 and Qin's oil all reduce about 1 times No. 2.About oil content 40%, than middle oily 821 and high 1-2 percentage point of No. 2, Qin oil.

4, comprehensive benefit height: Rongyou No.3 is economized fertile, executes about 12.5 kilograms of purity nitrogens at the general mu of Chengdu Plain, lack the 2-3 kilogram than middle oily 821, and every mu can be reduced about 8 yuan of inputs.Rongyou No.3 growth potential is strong, and the number of blade is many, and under the situation that does not influence output, seedling, flower bud phase can be dredged in batches and be plucked plant base portion long handle greenery 4-6 sheet and make animal and fowl fodder, pluck about 750 kilograms on greenery for general every mu, plucks 250 kilograms than middle oily more than 821, and mu increases income 25 yuan.Rongyou No.3 generally increases production 20 kilograms of rape seed, increases income 60 yuan.Therefore increase production rape seed, reduce the fertilizer input, pluck three every mu on greenery more and can increase income 93 yuan.

5, anti-(anti-) property is strong: anti-(anti-) property of Rongyou No.3 mainly shows anti-falls, cold-resistant, anti-white rust, downy mildew, virus disease, anti-stalk break.Cold resistance is particularly outstanding, and according to Sichuan Province's Liang Nian district test result in 1992,1993, the Rongyou No.3 main sequence is endured cold gently, oil 821 low 60% in the angle fruit number ratio of enduring cold; According to the investigation of Fanchang County, Anhui Province variety comparative test, under-7 ℃ of situations, relatively (contain Qin's oil No. 2 and middle oily 821) with other tested varieties in mid-December, 1993, and the Rongyou No.3 freeze injury is the lightest.

6, wide adaptability: since 1992, winter, the spring rape district of the Yangtze river basin, southwest, existing 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in northwest successively introduces test, demonstration and promotes, and generally shows kipeming high yield.

7, easy crossbreeding: because Rongyou No.3 belongs to the weak inclined to one side spring habit of winter habit, its sterile lineage low temperature non-sensitive type, therefore, Rongyou No.3 can be in spring (spring rape district), summer (Kunming and similar ecological area), autumn (teletostage is faced in Chengdu flat source and similar ecotope), sowing in winter (Chengdu Plain and similar ecotope), the breeding parent and the production of hybrid seeds.Especially the teletostage sowing production of hybrid seeds and the spring sowing production of hybrid seeds of spring rape district are faced in Chengdu Plain and similar ecotope, both can overcome the male sterile line trace-pollen effectively, can obtain again that purity is good, output is high, large batch of first-filial generation kind is produced for large tracts of land and utilized.The spring sowing production of hybrid seeds has also been opened up a new way for Wild cabbage type triple crossing rape overcomes the trace-pollen production of hybrid seeds, and has expanded production of hybrid seeds new region.

Accompanying drawing 1: the cross rape Rongyou No.3 parent propagation and the production of hybrid seeds are general figure

Below be that example is described in detail embodiments of the invention mainly with the seeding technique of three line hybrid seed Rongyou No.3:

Maintenance line is identical with the plantation propagation technique of cabbage type rape conventional variety with the breeding that recovers system in the Rongyou No.3 three-line parent, sterile line propagation is identical with the Rongyou No.3 seeding technique, therefore, be example only below to face the teletostage sowing and the spring sowing production of hybrid seeds, the narration Rongyou No.3 overcomes the seeding technique of little pollen.

Rongyou No.3 overcomes the seeding technique of little pollen:

Fertility characteristic according to the Rongyou No.3 three-line parent, but Rongyou No.3 spring (spring rape district), summer (Kunming and similar area), autumn (teletostage is faced in Chengdu Plain and similar ecotope), winter (Chengdu Plain and similar ecotope) sowing, the breeding three-line parent and the large tracts of land production of hybrid seeds.As long as according to the operation of concrete seeding technique, florescence of male sterile line Rong A069 is in all the time greater than under 10 ℃ of temperature conditions, male sterile line just can not produce trace-pollen, thereby guarantees the hybrid rate effectively.

Rongyou No.3 faces the teletostage sowing production of hybrid seeds, general per mu yield 40-50 kilogram, the highest per mu yield 80-100 kilogram at Chengdu Plain; In the spring sowing production of hybrid seeds of spring rape district, general per mu yield 80-100 kilogram, the highest per mu yield can reach more than 150 kilograms.

Face the seeding technique that teletostage sowing overcomes trace-pollen: face the seeding technique key that the teletostage sowing overcomes trace-pollen and be in Chengdu Plain and similar ecological area, determine suitable sowing time, the cytoplasm male sterility line of low temperature non-sensitive type is in all the time greater than no longer producing trace-pollen under 10 ℃ the condition flowering stage.Its seeding technique main points mainly are: bee colony is isolated, stops in strictness; Face the winter sowing kind, determine the row ratio; Subtract that nitrogen increases strain, short father is controlled mother; Worm is controlled in the row's of taking precautions against drought stain, weeding; Strict impurity elimination, cut off male parent.

Bee colony is isolated, stops in strictness.Rongyou No.3 faces the teletostage sowing production of hybrid seeds, mainly carries out at Chengdu Plain and similar ecological area.These regional rapeseed areas are big and general, the no good natural cover for defense, and hybrid rape seed isolation difficulty is big.For fear of of the influence of external source pollen to hybrid seeding, guarantee seed production purity, spacing isolation method is mainly taked in the Rongyou No.3 production of hybrid seeds, the horizontal range of isolated area must be greater than 1000 meters, under the condition that certain barrier (as massif, forest etc.) are arranged, the horizontal range of isolated area can suitably reduce, but must not be less than 500 meters.Must not plant other rapes and crop in cruciferae in production of hybrid seeds district and the isolated area.Can plant production of hybrid seeds male parent Rong C2150 in the isolated area, to increase the pollen amount that recovers system in the production of hybrid seeds district.

In 3000 meters the scope, must stop bee colony in the production of hybrid seeds district and apart from production of hybrid seeds district, avoid honeybee matchmaker pollination and cause mixing and influence seed production purity.

If the isolated area horizontal range greater than 3000 meters, be placed bee colony in production of hybrid seeds district.

Face the teletostage sowing, determine the row ratio.The Rongyou No.3 production of hybrid seeds is carried out in Chengdu Plain and similar ecological area, in production of hybrid seeds zone in daily mean temperature over the years stably drops to 10 ℃ preceding 8 days, promptly faced before the winter be 0-100 ℃ greater than 0 ℃ effective accumulated temperature during in, it is live that father and mother dig the cave this same period, about 10 of every bunch planting kinds, mu restrains with male parent seed 100 grams, maternal seed 300.Broadcast female parent on the operation earlier, after broadcast male parent, avoid mistake to broadcast, and mark at male parent row end plantation wheat or calabash beans etc.Face teletostage sowing, the maternal Rong A069 early flowering season be arranged in more than or equal between 0 ℃ accumulated temperature 940-960 ℃, this moment daily mean temperature stably greater than 10 ℃, no longer produce trace-pollen.

Father and mother's one's own profession is than 1: (the isolated area horizontal range is greater than 3000 meters for 3-5, place in production of hybrid seeds district under the condition of honeybee, father and mother's one's own profession ratio can be expanded to 1: 5), the concrete practice is: 1 row male parent, the maternal alternate plantation of 3 row, male parent is apart from 40 centimetres of maternal line-spacings, 27 centimetres of maternal line-spacings, this cave of father and mother is apart from being 26 centimetres, and every mu of plantation father and mother originally are total to about 7500 caves, about 1875 caves of male parent wherein, maternal about 5625 times.

Rongyou No.3 production of hybrid seeds district must concentrate, and seed farm should be selected on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage field piece easily, the following wet field production of hybrid seeds district in, covers the field and should not make seed farm, must be meticulous before the sowing wholely, hold limit, railway carriage or compartment ditch successfully.

Subtract that nitrogen increases strain, short father is controlled mother.Face the teletostage sowing, because postpone sowing time, parent's reduction in the life period should be taked to increase strain and subtract the nitrogen technology, enlarges colony, and the performance community superiority improves hybrid seed yield.

Subtract nitrogen: face the teletostage sowing production of hybrid seeds, shorten than general autumn sowing breeding time, mainly is to grow after the spring, and density is big in addition, and sunshine, few, high humidity in order to prevent down shape and damage by disease and insect, must reduce amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer.About 10 kilograms of purity nitrogens are executed in general medium fertility production of hybrid seeds field, than rape production field general mu Shaoshi purity nitrogen 3-5 kilogram; The heavy end of nitrogenous fertilizer, early chase after, proportion of additional fertilizer of the general end 7: 3 or 6: 4.Compounding application phosphorus, potassium, boron fertilizer, general mu is executed phosphate fertilizer 40-50 kilogram, 10 kilograms in potash fertilizer, 0.5 kilogram of boron fertilizer.The concrete practice is: mu is sowed (seed should be avoided phosphate fertilizer) with superphosphate (acid soil fused calcium magnesium phosphate) 40-50 kilogram after 0.5 kilogram of borax, 10 kilograms in potassium chloride, mixing are spreaded manuer in holes; After planting mu was chosen with pig manure urine 30 and was added 10 kilograms in urea (or carbonic hydroammonium 25 kilograms) and convert water and spread manuer in holes the same day; After the phase final singling of 4-5 leaf, mu is chosen with pig manure urine 30 and is added 5 kilograms in urea (or carbonic hydroammonium 15 kilograms) and convert water and spread manuer in holes; This must evenly guarantee steady growth each phase fertilising father and mother.Take the circumstances into consideration an amount of separately (mu with urea must not above 2.5 kilograms) in male parent squaring period, male parent is imposed disposable fertilizer, control mother, increase the fate of this flower synchronization of father and mother, increase the paternal pollen amount, the purpose of raising hybrid seed yield to obtain short father.Maternal spending in back three days eventually sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate once, and mu is converted water with 100-200 gram potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sprayed for 50 kilograms, and be heavy to increase fruit number, grain number and grain, thereby improve hybrid yield.

Increase strain: 2.5-3 ten thousand strains are counted in the strain of the general mu of medium fertility seed farm, and are more than general direct-sowing rape production field 1.5-2 ten thousand strains.Even, final singling should be timely, specifically should accomplish: father and mother pull when originally emerging and remove heap heap seedling, the phase final singling of 4-5 leaf, the originally all every cave final singling 3-4 of father and mother strain.

Worm is controlled in take precautions against drought water drainage, weeding.Father and mother this breeding time, if seed farm is the arid of chance, must keeping crop seedling from drought, and particularly arid after planting must be watered at once, guarantees in time to emerge, full stand; If meet big, heavy rain etc., promptly clear up limit, railway carriage or compartment ditch after rain stops, the water drainage prevention against water-logging, and attention control overworked fall sick.According to seed farm weeds propagation and widespread situation, in time artificial or chemical agent management of weeds is accomplished the dead no seedling injury of grass.Seedling stage, full stand was guaranteed in insect pest such as keypoint control edge leaf worm, dish cyanines worm; Green grass or young crops pod phase keypoint control aphid; Seedling, fruit phase have worm strain rate to reach at 10% o'clock, with medicament control in time.

Strict impurity elimination, cut off male parent.Will strictly remove the assorted strain (comprise father and mother's variant originally and mix strain, spontaneous or Wild Rape, and other crucifers) of whole non-Rongyou No.3 male parents in production of hybrid seeds district and the isolated area in seedling flower bud phase and flowering stage, impurity elimination will be strictly distinguished in father and mother's one's own profession.Early flowering season is wanted the repeated multiple times impurity elimination, till whole plant blossoms.

Father and mother spend in back three days this end must all cut off paternal plant from the soil table, and takes production of hybrid seeds district out of and handle (feed livestock and poultry or make fertilizer etc.).

The spring sowing seeding technique: the maternal Rong A069 of Rongyou No.3 belongs to weak winter habit, mid-early maturity, the inclined to one side spring habit of male parent Rong C2150, precocious, after deliberation, in Sichuan, the spring rape district spring sowing production of hybrid seeds of spring rape main producing region, Gansu and similar ecological condition, but all normal growth, bloom, solid and ripe; Under the spring sowing condition, because male sterile line Rong A069 florescence daily mean temperature all the time greater than 10 ℃, therefore no longer produces pollen grain.Aforementioned two aspects are keys that the Rongyou No.3 spring sowing overcomes the micro mist seeding technique.

The main points of Rongyou No.3 spring sowing seeding technique mainly are: determine Jia Qu, the strict isolation; Put bee colony in a suitable place to breed, enlarge the row ratio; Choose the plot, take charge of " five early " severely; Nitrogen pick-up increases strain, short father is controlled mother; Strict impurity elimination, cut off male parent.

Determine Jia Qu, the strict isolation.The suitable height above sea level of spring rape main producing region, Sichuan Province Rongyou No.3 hybrid seeding is a 2300-3400 rice, and best height above sea level is a 2800-3200 rice.Along with the increase of the big degree of northing, the suitable corresponding reduction of height above sea level with best height above sea level.As the best height above sea level 2400-2600 rice of the Rongyou No.3 spring sowing production of hybrid seeds in spring rape main producing region, Gansu.Rongyou No.3 should be selected the zone of best height above sea level in the spring sowing production of hybrid seeds of spring rape district.

Spring rape district, Sichuan Province mostly is the mountain area, has the high mountain natural cover for defense, and the isolation condition is good, reaches the insulation request of rape seed easily.Rongyou No.3 spring sowing production of hybrid seeds isolated area is having under the natural barriers like hills condition, requires horizontal range greater than 1000 meters, and the local horizontal range of mountain pass and barrier difference is greater than 3000 meters.

Put bee colony in a suitable place to breed, enlarge the row ratio.The spring rape spring sowing production of hybrid seeds has advantages such as rape florescence air humidity is little, sunshine is many, production of hybrid seeds district general and the adjacent honeybee of forest or meadow is more, wind-force is big, very helps the propagation of rape pollen, improves rape seed outcrossing rate and hybrid seed yield.Spring rape is isolated condition and is guaranteed easily, can put bee colony in a suitable place to breed in the production of hybrid seeds district of nectar source deficiency, to improve hybrid seed yield.Because the production of hybrid seeds of spring rape district has the more condition that helps outcrossing, father and mother's one's own profession ratio can expand to 1: 5.But under the condition of no nectar source, father and mother's one's own profession is than still being advisable with 1: 3.Male parent is apart from 40 centimetres of maternal line-spacings, 27 centimetres of maternal line-spacings, and this cave of father and mother is apart from being 27 centimetres.

Choose the plot, take charge of five severely early.The plot of better-than-average fertility is selected on production of hybrid seeds ground, and easily drought easily should not be made production of hybrid seeds ground in the waterlogging plot; Production of hybrid seeds ground can not be made in the plot of previous crops rape.

This growing process of spring sowing production of hybrid seeds father and mother is fast, and breeding time is short, must take charge of " five early " severely.

Early sowing in good time.On April, the middle ten days sowing, it is live that father and mother dig the cave this same period, broadcasts female parent after broadcasting male parent earlier on the operation, every bunch planting kind is more than 10, general male parent mu seeding quantity 80-100 gram, maternal 400-500 gram.

Insect-pest early.After emerging, rape promptly uses the first-class insect of the general anti-riot feeding habits springtail of insecticide 1-2 time, to save seedling from damage.It is the with medicament control that flower, fruit phase reach at 10% o'clock as worm (aphid, imported cabbageworm etc.) strain rate.

Early even, final singling.In time pull after emerging and remove heap heap seedling, final singling during 3-4 sheet true leaf, fixed 4 strains in this every cave of father and mother.

Intertill and clean tillage early.Intertill and clean tillage is 1-2 time before five leaves.

Early topdress.The 4-5 leaf phase topdresses after the final singling.

Nitrogen pick-up increases strain, short father is controlled mother.Spring rape district rape production nitrogen fertilizer application is generally low, and the Rongyou No.3 production of hybrid seeds must enrich nitrogenous fertilizer, and general medium fertility soil mu is executed about 12 kilograms of purity nitrogens.Fertilising should weigh the end and early chase after, medium fertility soil, and base fertilizer mu is with barnyard manure 750-1000 kilogram, superphosphate 30-40 kilogram, 0.5 kilogram of borax, 10 kilograms in urea.The plot of fertility such as the 4-5 leaf is interim after the final singling and growing way, mu is executed about 10 kilograms in urea; The previous crops field from which wheat has been reaped suitably enriches fertilizer, previous crops potato, corn, the suitable Shaoshi fertilizer of calabash beans.Male parent Rui tongue phase should every mu enriches urea 2-3 kilogram, to promote the male parent growth, provides capacity pollen.

Father and mother's one's own profession ratio is 1: 5 o'clock, every mu of about 8000 caves, fixed 4 seedlings in every cave, every mu 320,000 strain.Wherein: every mu 1333 cave of male parent, every mu 0.53 ten thousand strain.Maternal every mu 6667 cave, every mu 2.67 ten thousand strain.

Rongyou No.3 spring sowing seeding technique also should strict impurity elimination, cuts off male parent, and spends in back 3 days eventually in male parent and to spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and to sow the production of hybrid seeds identical with facing the teletostage for the concrete practice of these technology.

The cultivar origin of three line hybrid seed Rongyou No.3: did maternal with male sterile line Rong A069 in 1989, recovery is that Rong C2150 makes the male parent combo, combination code name " assorted 2-4 ", 1990-1993 successively makes up variety comparative test in the institute, Sichuan Province's multiple spot test, Sichuan Province's Combined Trials, the examination of the Liang Shanzhou of Sichuan Province district, the examination of Nanchong Prefecture, Sichuan Province district, the examination of urban district, Chengdu, the examination of provinces and regions, Sichuan and provinces and cities' production test all show remarkable yield heterosis; In the autumn sowing of this institute, sow in spring in Aba state, Sichuan, the Kunming summer sowing continues to identify fertility simultaneously; In April, 1993 and in September, 1994 is successively by Chengdu and Sichuan Province's crop varietal approval committee, and names Rongyou No.3.Rongyou No.3 belongs to the Wild cabbage type cytoplasm male sterility three line cross-bred rape new varieties of the weak inclined to one side spring habit of winter habit, has precocity, high yield, quality is more excellent, comprehensive benefit is high, and anti-(anti-) property is strong, wide adaptability, easy outstanding feature such as crossbreeding.Classified as the whole nation by the national Ministry of Agriculture in 1993 and expand numerous new rape variety, listed in national scientific and technological achievement key popularization plan project by State Scientific and Technological Commission in 1993, the common hosting of in April, 1994 State Scientific and Technological Commission and the Ministry of Agriculture held " promotion conference of Wild cabbage type triple crossing rape Rongyou No.3 " and promoted in the whole nation in Chengdu.1991-1994, Rongyou No.3 whole nation winter, spring rape district cumulative model are promoted 1,600,000 mu, and 10,000 mu of the production of hybrid seeds in 1994 can be nineteen ninety-five to plant 1,000,000 mu provenance is provided.

The feature of three line hybrid seed Rongyou No.3: (1) morphological feature: sub-kidney-shaped leaves, seedling half is upright, the lobus cardiacus green, about 4 pairs of decomposite leafs, big in the sliver of top, dark green leaf color, vein white, the nearly sawtooth of leaf margin, blade is thick, and petiole is long; Leaf, stem wax powder are many, few seta, young stem, tongue stem green; Petal is big, yellow, side is folded, open and flat, and female stamen is grown normal, and filigree is long, the flower pesticide prosperity, and tetradynamous stamens is significantly higher than column cap, and pollen amount is big.Chengdu Plain 15-20 in September day autumn sowing, about 200 centimetres of general plant heights, 60-70 centimetre of for the first time effective branch height, long about 70 centimetres of main sequence, once effective branch 9-10, the angle fruit is near straight living, and is medium big, longer, 450-500 of individual plant angle fruit number, about 18 of every fruit grain numbers, seed black, the garden type, thousand kernel weight 3.5-4 gram.The Rongyou No.3 quality significantly improves, content of erucic acid 38.24%, sulphur glycosides content 68.10umol/g, oil content about 40%.Go up in spring rape district April, sow in spring the middle ten days, about 150 centimetres of plant heights, effective about 50 centimetres of branch height for the first time, long 54 centimetres of main sequence, effective about 5 of branches once, several about 142 of individual plant effective angle fruit, about 20 of every fruits, thousand kernel weight 4.5 grams.(2) biological property: the inclined to one side spring habit of weak winter habit, mid-early maturity, Chengdu Plain 15-20 in September day is sowed, about the 220 days time of infertility; The spring rape district sows in spring and plants, about the 130 days time of infertility; Growth potential is strong, growth is sane, neat and consistent; Cold-resistant, anti-ly fall, anti-white rust, downy mildew, virus disease, anti-stalk break.

The output of three line hybrid seed Rongyou No.3 shows and adapts to the area: the autumn sowing of winter rape district is planted, general per mu yield 150-180 kilogram, and in the spring sowing plantation of spring rape district, about 250 kilograms of general per mu yields, the highest per mu yield can reach 300 kilograms.Winter, spring rape district and similar ecological areas such as the Yangtze river basin, southwest, northwest all can be planted.

The high yield optimization cultivation main points of three line hybrid seed Rongyou No.3:

Begin sowing in good time.Rongyou No.3 suits to sow 15-25 day in September at southwest and Yangtze river basin seedling raising and transplanting, and seedling age is about 30 days, and width is transplanted capable strong sprout; (wide capable 40-47 centimetre, 27 centimetres of narrow rows, 27 centimetres of spacing in the rows), last, sowing in the middle ten days in live suitable October.The spring rape district suits to go up late March to April, sowing in the middle ten days.

Rational close planting.Southwest, every mu of 6000-7000 strain of Yangtze river basin seedling raising and transplanting, live every mu of 1-1.2 ten thousand strains.The spring rape district sows in spring, every mu of 3-6 ten thousand strains.

Optimize fertilising.Rongyou No.3 is economized fertile, general than in oily 821 mu of Shaoshi purity nitrogen 2-3 kilograms, execute about 12.5 kilograms of purity nitrogens at Chengdu Plain medium fertility soil mu; Drop into rationally output and benefit the best.Fertilizing method should weigh the end and early chase after, and nitrogenous fertilizer base fertilizer ratio is 1: 1, and many organic fertilizers, must guard against inclined to one side nitrogen fertilizer application of later stage; Fertilising answers nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron to cooperate, transplant or live before, mu is with superphosphate or fused calcium magnesium phosphate 30-50 kilogram, potassium chloride 10-15 kilogram, base fertilizer is made in 0.5 kilogram of mixing of borax.

Chemical regulation.Autumn sowing seedling raising and transplanting or live, when winter, greenery were counted the 10-12 sheet, a mu spraying concentration was 50 kilograms of 100ppm paclobutrazols, can reduce the plant height lodging-prevention, increased branch and increased fruit and increase a units increased in production.

Combine the diseases prevention worm.Elongation is extractd strong yellow pin leaf, and limit, railway carriage or compartment ditch will be deep-cut in following wet field, the draining prevention against water-logging, and initial bloom stage is with chemical control stalk breaks such as carbendazim.Seedling, fruit phase aphid or dish cyanines worm etc. have worm strain rate to reach at 10% o'clock, the chemical control insect pest.When emerge in the spring rape district, the general anti-riot feeding habits insect flea beetle of application medicaments.

Management of weeds.Rongyou No.3 seedling raising and transplanting, live or zero tillage are prevented and kill off based on chemical agent, and it is auxilliary manually preventing and kill off.The grassy weed 3-5 leaf phase in Brassica campestris L seedling early stage, mu is converted 10 kilograms in water with 100 milliliters of 20% Sethoxydin missible oil 60-100 milliliter or 12.5% cover grass energy missible oil.Spray and prevent and kill off grassy weed.Before transplanting or sowing (live), mu was converted water with 100 milliliters of 48% trifluralin ecs and is sprayed table soil after soil was turned over and raked, and prevented and kill off grass family and broad leaved weed.Artificial weeding can combine with intertillage and ridging and carry out.

Claims (7)

1, a kind of cabbage type rape overcomes the producing method for seed of cytoplasmic male sterile line trace-pollen, comprises apolegamy combination, proper seeding, and strict the isolation, determine the row ratio, strict impurity elimination, cut off the male parent measure; It is characterized in that: rape florescence temperature guarantees more than 10 ℃, makes female parent with low temperature non-sensitive type male sterile line Rong A069, and maintenance line Rong B069 makes male parent, breeding male sterile lines Rong A069; Make female parent with male sterile line Rong A069, recovery is that Rong C2150 makes male parent, takes spring sowing or faces teletostage sowing preparing hybrid kind Rongyou No.3.

2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the strict isolation is meant that isolated area is having under the natural barriers like hills condition, requires horizontal range greater than 1000 meters, and the local horizontal range of mountain pass and barrier difference is greater than 3000 meters; Must not plant non-male parent rape and crop in cruciferae in production of hybrid seeds district and the isolated area, in 3000 meters scopes, stop bee colony.

3, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: strict impurity elimination, cut off male parent and be meant and want strict assorted strain of removing non-male parent in breeding or production of hybrid seeds district and the isolated area in seedling flower bud phase and flowering stage, impurity elimination will be strictly distinguished in father and mother's one's own profession, early flowering season is wanted the repeated multiple times impurity elimination, and father and mother spend in back three days this end must all cut off male parent from the soil table.

4, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: determine row than being meant that breeding or production of hybrid seeds father and mother one's own profession ratio are 1: 3-5.

5, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: face teletostage sowing and be meant in daily mean temperature over the years stably drops to 10 ℃ preceding 8 days, promptly faced before the winter be 0-100 ℃ greater than 0 ℃ effective accumulated temperature during in, it is live that father and mother dig the cave this same period; With the maternal Rong A069 early flowering season by coming more than or equal between 0 ℃ accumulated temperature 940-960 ℃, this moment daily mean temperature stably greater than 10 ℃, no longer produce trace-pollen.

6, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the height above sea level of spring sowing preparing hybrid kind Rongyou No.3 is a 2300-3400 rice.

7, method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the height above sea level of spring sowing preparing hybrid kind Rongyou No.3 is a 2800-3200 rice.