CN1144516C - Production method for hybrid wheat seed - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a method for producing hybrid wheat seeds. When first-generation hybrid seeds of hybrid wheat are produced, synchronous seeding flowering phases are in good meet, the plants of a restoring line is 10cm to 20cm higher than those of a sterile line, and the difference of an F1 generation and the plant height of the restoring line does not exceed 10cm; the seeds of the sterile line and the seeds of the restoring line are mixed in the proportion of the seed numbers of 8.5 to 1.5 and are planted to form a mixed group, wherein the sterile line is pollinated by the restoring line in the flowering phase to generate first-generation hybrid seeds, and restoring line seeds are generated by the selfing of the restoring line. Harvest can uses two methods: (1) 80% to 90% of the F1-generation seeds and 10% to 20% of the restoring line selfed seeds are formed by mixing harvest for production; because of the same yield level of the restoring line and a conventional variety, first-generation heterosis is slightly reduced, and production cost can be reduced; (2) restoring line spikes in the mixed group are manually cut after being flowered for 15 to 20 days to produce pure first-generation hybrid seeds. The present invention is combined with the other parent with the patent application number of 00105488.0 of the applicant for use to largely reduce the cost of hybrid wheat seeds.
Description
One, affiliated field
The wheat heterosis that the present invention relates to cereal crops utilizes the field, further relates to a kind of production method for hybrid wheat seed.
Two, background technology
Wheat is one of human most important cereal crops.Studies have shown that in a large number that crops such as the also same paddy rice of wheat, corn, rape are the same has remarkable hybrid vigour to exist in the first generation of hybrid.Utilize hybrid vigour to improve the Wheat Production level important economic implications is arranged.
Be large-scale production wheat hybridizing generation seed, bred 70 polytype wheat male sterilities three and be in various countries the sixties in last century so far, wherein uses more in T type, the research of K type.But production practices prove, utilize male sterile line and maintenance line to produce that the male sterile line seed yield is low, cost is high, protect pure difficulty, limits the extensive use of three line method always.Since the nineties, the Chinese science man has successively bred several to long, temperature sensitive male sterile wheat line of day, the positive season sowing of this type of light, temperature sensitive male sterile wheat line holandry is sterile to can be used for the production of hybrid seeds, but produces sterile seed i.e. " two is method " at special season, zone sowing self-fertility.Two is that method male-sterile seed amount is higher, and purity is guaranteed, goes forward to go a step further in the hybrid wheat seed production technology.
No matter three line method or two is the male sterile line that method is produced, all needing with recovering is that hybrid wheat seed is produced in hybridization.The method that other crops hybrid seeds are produced is used for reference in the wheat production of hybrid seeds, male sterile line, recovery system press the sowing respectively of certain row ratio, gather in the crops respectively, not only increased production cost, and since male sterile line and recovery tie up to the field certain distance arranged, outcrossing seed-setting rate is not high, makes the hybrid wheat seed cost still higher.The wheat sowing quantity is big, and higher-priced hybrid wheat seed is difficult to be produced acceptance.
Three, summary of the invention
According to problem or the deficiency that above-mentioned prior art partly exists, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of is that seed mixes back sowing formation population mixture with male sterile line and recovery, and the method for wheat seed is produced in hybridization.To reduce the hybrid wheat seed cost by a relatively large margin, this method of utilizing genetic resources to improve Wheat Production power of hybrid wheat is widely used, improve the benefit of Wheat Production.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts production method for hybrid wheat seed, comprise and select suitable hybrid wheat combination, male sterile line is that seed mixes in best grain number ratio with recovery, seed mixture forms population mixture by the production requirement sowing, artificial supplementary pollination, adopting the mixing results or wipe out recovery by the market demand is that fringe results back gathers in the crops.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the method that a kind of hybrid wheat seed is produced is characterized in that male sterile line and recovery are that seed mixes back sowing formation population mixture in several 8.5: 1.5 ratios of grain, produce hybrid wheat seed, carry out as follows:
(1) selects suitable combination of producing hybrid wheat seed with this method
A. male sterile line and recovery are to sow the following florescence of condition the same period well to meet;
B. recover system than the high 10cm～20cm of male sterile line plant height;
C.F
1For plant height and recovery is that plant height difference is no more than 10cm;
D. hybrid vigour is remarkable;
(2) qualified male sterile line and the recovery with combinations thereof is that seed fully mixes in 8.5: 1.5 grain number ratio;
(3) above-mentioned seed mixture is by local optimum sowing time, density and culture technique sowing and management;
(4) male sterile line is opened grain husk, is recovered system's beginning flower to whole florescence, artificial supplementary pollination 9 o'clock～11 o'clock, 15 o'clock～17 o'clock every day;
(5) results of population mixture can adopt two kinds of methods, produce the hybrid wheat seed of different size
A. mix results and do the hybrid wheat production of following season with planting;
B. bloom and finish 15 days～20 days, the recovery that manually cuts off in the population mixture is a fringe, and production purity is near 100% hybrid wheat seed.
Some other characteristics of the present invention are, described male sterile line is 8.5: 1.5 with recovering the best grain number ratio that system mixes, and this ratio reduces to greatest extent and recovers the proportion that is in the seed that mixes results under the prerequisite that improves the male sterile line outcrossing seed-setting rate as far as possible.
Described male sterile line comprises that the male sterile line and two of three line method production is the male sterile line that method is produced.
Described male sterile line and recovery are the hybrid wheat seed that population mixture can adopt two kinds of method production different purity, price.
(1) mixing results are used as hybrid wheat production and are planted.
The first-filial generation seed accounts for 80%～90% in such seed, and recovery is that seed accounts for 10%～20%; Because of having reached to produce, recovery system uses the improved seeds level, thus the only slightly decline of the hybrid vigour of seed mixture, but but its cheap full remuneration sloping portion.
(2) manually wipe out that to recover in the population mixture be fringe after spending.
The results gained is a purity near 100% first-filial generation seed.This method can be used in the labour intensive area.
Studies show that; Wheat male sterile line (female parent) is that (male parent) outcrossing seed-setting rate and both distances are inversely proportional to recovering.Consider that from improving the outcrossing seed-setting rate angle distance when producing hybrid wheat seed between father, female parent should be dwindled as far as possible.But wheat belongs to little strain crop, and line-spacing is little, and density is big.When both sow respectively by the row ratio, need the swath arrangement line number separately that press harvesting equipment.As by the medium-sized combine swath 2.4m design seeding method that widely uses at present, adopt male sterile line and recover the best row of system than 2: 1, then male parent is sowed fabric width 2.5m at least, and female parent then needs 5m.Distance between father and mother's basis is 0.3m～2.5m.According to the study, in distance male parent 0.5m scope in, maternal outcrossing seed-setting rate can reach 80%～90%, and is 30%～40% apart from the maternal outcrossing seed-setting rate of male parent 2m～2.5m scope.Adopt the mass seed production mode, as by every mu 100,000 seedling, then on every mu of area 1.5 ten thousand strain male parents are arranged, 8.5 ten thousand strain female parents, average every strain male parent pollination range 0.044m
2, father, maternal plant maximum distance only are 12cm, can reach the effect of abundant hybridization.Make producing hybrid wheat seed output near conventional wheat output.
The mass seed production method is sowed respectively than father, female parent and is reduced sowing, harvesting work link, but cost saving 40%.The expense of airing, storage also greatly reduces.
The hybrid wheat seed that mass seed production is produced, grow Zao because of maternal male sterile line recovers system than male parent, the former produces to a certain degree inhibition to the latter's individual plant mature spike number, and the first-filial generation seed accounts for 80%～90% in the seed of mixing results, and recovery is that selfed seed accounts for 10%～20%.And Other Main Agronomic Characters such as the output of recovery system, adaptability have reached the conventional wheat varietal level same period.Through experimental study, this hybrid wheat seed yield heterosis after planting only reduces by 1%～3% than the pure first-filial generation of the same combination of purity 100%.Its colony's outward appearance regular degree of plant height can be production by being subjected to.Wheat hybridizing F
1In generation, have heading morning and long characteristics of pustulation period, so the maturing stage basically identical.
Another harvesting method that mass seed production is produced hybrid wheat seed is: finish 15 days～20 days blooming, manually cutting off the recovery that accounts for colony 10%～15% is fringe, and production purity is near 100% first-filial generation seed.Facts have proved that 1.5 of male parent fringe recruitments (rural area subsidiary labour power) are wiped out on every mu of ground, about 15 yuan of labor service expenditures.About the pure crossbreed 250kg of producing hybrid wheat seed per mu yield, per kilogram only increases by 0.06 yuan of cost.Less in land resources, the labour intensive area is feasible.
Four, embodiment
1. select to be fit to use the hybrid wheat combination that the inventive method is produced hybrid wheat seed.Be characterized in: under the sowing same period condition, male sterile line is more Zao more than 4 days than recovering system's heading, early 2 days～4 days flowering stage; Recovery is that plant height is than the high 10cm～20cm of male sterile line; Male sterile line and the F that recovers system's hybridization generation
1For plant height and recovery is that plant height differs and is no more than 10cm; F
1Remarkable for output, quality hybrid vigour.
Wheat male sterile line is the male flower abortion, and gynoecium is normal, can accept foreign pollen and produces the wheat breeding material of seed.Recovering system is meant and male sterile line hybridization F
1In generation, can be recovered solid wheat breeding material.This method indication male sterile wheat line comprises that three is that male sterile line and two in the system is the male sterile line in the system.Three is that system refers to male sterile line and maintenance line hybridization production male sterile line, male sterile line and the seed production system of recovering system's hybridization production first-filial generation seed.Two is that system refers to that the positive season sowing of male sterile line holandry is sterile, can be hybridization production generation seed with recovering, the male sterile line seed production system that self-fertility is produced male-sterile seed under particular day length, temperature condition.
2. male sterile line and the recovery with the hybrid wheat combination is that seed connects a number ratio fully mixing in 8.5: 1.5.Generally determine seeding quantity in the production, so aforementioned proportion need be converted into part by weight by seed weight.Conversion method is:
(1) male-sterile seed weight=(seed farm is scheduled to every mu of seedling number * 0.85)/per kilogram male-sterile seed estimates to emerge number.In the following formula, male-sterile seed per kilogram number=(1000 gram/male-sterile seed the thousand kernel weight) * male-sterile seed germination rate * emergence rate (emergence rate can calculate by 0.9 under the general normal sowing condition, can suitably turn down as 0.8 as arid, damage caused by waterlogging) of emerging.
(2) recovering is that seed weight=(seed farm is scheduled to every mu of basic seedling amount * 0.15)/per kilogram recovery is that seed estimates to emerge number.The per kilogram seed number calculating method of estimating to emerge is identical with (1) in the formula.
3. male sterile line and the recovery that will calculate weighing are that seed evenly mixes, and produce cultivation step sowing, management in the producing hybrid wheat seed district by the land for growing field crops.The requirement in producing hybrid wheat seed district is: 50m is with the interior wheat that must not plant except that recovering system all around, or the natural cover isolation is arranged; On in the soil fertility, convenient management.
4. mixed farming piece is opened a business, is recovered to bloom to the whole florescence 9 o'clock～11 o'clock every day,, artificial supplementary pollination at 15 o'clock～17 o'clock at male sterile line grain husk shell.Artificial supplementary pollination can adopt the walking of two people's stay cords to shake the drift of fringe layer promotion pollen, also can adopt power driven sprayer to press the parallel walking blowing of certain orientation supplementary pollination.
5. the results of mass seed production can adopt 2 kinds of distinct methods, produce the hybrid wheat seed of different size.
(1) mix results, production first-filial generation accounts for 80%～90%, recovers system and accounts for 10～20% hybrid wheat seed.
(2) spend back 15 days～20 days and cut off that to recover be fringe, production purity is near 100% hybrid wheat seed.
Production method for hybrid wheat seed of the present invention has the following advantages and good effect:
1. improve the outcrossing seed-setting rate of male sterile line.Adopt the mass seed production method, make average distance that maternal male sterile line and male parent recover system, outcrossing seed-setting rate is significantly improved by being contracted to 12cm than the 2.5m of planting patterns respectively by row.According to the contrast of inventor field, under identical female male parent ratio, mass seed production is than the difference planting patterns, and the male sterile line outcrossing seed-setting rate improves 28%～32%.Improved producing hybrid wheat seed efficient thus.
2. increase unit are male sterile line planting proportion, improve the output that the crossbreed seed is produced.Adopt mass seed production, female parent accounts for 85% of production of hybrid seeds area, and the planting patterns male sterile line accounts for 66% of production of hybrid seeds area and employing is compared respectively by row.The former improves 19 percentage points than the latter the shared sowing area of male sterile line.Add the effect of advantage 1 described raising outcrossing seed-setting rate, the present invention can significantly improve the unit are seed yield, has created condition for reducing the hybrid wheat seed cost.
3. simplify the hybrid wheat seed production technology.Adopt the technology of the present invention, sowing, the harvesting method of hybrid wheat seed production can be changed into once sowing, once gathered in the crops by twice sowing, twice results.In addition, airing, preservation process are also greatly simplified.For the little Chinese countryside of peasant household's planting scale, the plantation of being more convenient for is arranged, technology one learn promptly can, be beneficial to popularization.The simplification of technology reduces breeding cost.
4. can adopt different harvesting approaches to produce the hybrid wheat seed of different size according to the market demand.Can adopt mix results according to the market demand and produce crossbreed and account for 80%～90% and recover the hybrid wheat seed (mixed class) that system accounts for 10%～20% mixing, manually wipe out after also can spending recover be behind the fringe results production purity by nearly 100% hybrid wheat seed (purebred level).
5. the hybrid wheat seed production technology of mass seed production is simple and easy to do, with low cost, and it is slight that hybrid vigour reduces amplitude, is convenient to produce accept.According to test in 3 years, same combined hybrid level hybrid wheat was compared with its purebred level hybrid wheat, and yield heterosis only descends 1～3%, still has obvious hybrid vigour, and the outward appearance regularity is better, can be to produce to accept.
Embodiment 1, is example with the three line seed production system.
(1) selection meets the hybrid wheat combination of mass seed production requirement.The F that K7664A/R205 produced
1For hybrid combination " 905 ".Male sterile line K7664A plant height 75cm, it is R205 plant height 90cm that male parent is recovered, male parent is than maternal high 15cm; To be that R205 is early eared prematurity 2 days～4 days 5 days～6 days to male sterile line K7664A than recovering; The F that both hybridize
1For plant height 86cm～88cm, than recovering the only short 4cm～6cm of system; F
1In generation,, hybrid vigour was obvious, on average increases production 18%～25% in the test of northern spring wheat district multiple years.
(2) " 905 " hybrid wheat seed production is carried out in spring wheat district, Plain, the Chinese west of Liaoning, and suitable planting density is 200,000 seedling/mus.In male sterile line: recovery is that 8.5: 1.5 number ratios are calculated required male sterile line and recovery is a seed weight.
1. calculate required male-sterile seed weight.At first calculating every mu of male sterile line seedling number is 200,000 * 0.85=17, ten thousand seedlings; Next calculates every kilogram of male-sterile seed number of emerging
Ten thousand seedlings; Calculating required male-sterile seed weight at last is
2. calculating required recovery is seed weight.At first calculating every mu of recovery is that the seedling number is 200,000 seedlings * 0.15=3 ten thousand seedlings; Next calculates every kilogram of recovery is that the seed sprouting number is
Ten thousand seedlings; Calculating required recovery at last is that seed weight is
Emergence rate 0.9 is the emergence rate estimated value under whole ground, soil quality, the soil water regime kilter in the aforementioned calculation, is putting in order ground, can rule of thumb suitably turn down when moisture condition is undesirable.Thousand kernel weight, germination rate are provided by the seed supply merchant or oneself is surveyed.
(3) male sterile line and the recovery with above-mentioned weight is that seed evenly mixes.Not plant except that recovering be the production of hybrid seeds district of any wheat R205 (or the natural cover isolation is arranged) to 50m with interior around production of hybrid seeds area optimum is seeded in above-mentioned seed mixture sowing time, the same land for growing field crops of cultivation management.
(4) recovering is to bloom to begin between tailend, and every days 9 o'clock～11 o'clock, 15 o'clock～17 o'clock two, people's stay cord shook the parallel walking of fringe layer; Yet available power driven sprayer does not add water and medicament start blowing, walks about supplementary pollination every 10m～20m is parallel.
(5) after the maturation, male sterile line is that population mixture mixes results, airing, preservation with recovery in the seed farm, uses as the hybrid wheat production of following season and plants.
(6) in the abundant area of labour, can finish back 15 days～20 days blooming, cut off manually that to recover in the seed farm be fringe.Recovery is the high 15cm of average specific male sterile line, is easy to difference.It is that fringe can be taken the field out of as the poultry beverage that recovery is cut by institute.Also can let alone to drop on the field.Recover this moment is that seed does not possess germinating capacity, can not cause to mix.Ripe back results purity is near 100% first-filial generation seed.
Male sterile line K7664A is the K type male sterile wheat line that the inventor utilizes wheat breed 7664 backcross transformations of Yanshi, Henan Province county's seed selection, weak winter habit, plant height 75cm is precocious, yielding ability is good.The K7664A seed is male sterile line and its maintenance line 7664B hybridization and getting.It is system that this system belongs to three, and three is that system is meant male sterile line and maintenance line hybridization production male sterile line, male sterile line and the seed production system of recovering system hybridization production crossbreed.R205 is the recovery system of applicant's seed selection, and spring habit, plant height 90cm are late-maturing, hot-dry wind tolerance, leaf better function.
Embodiment 2, are example with two-line hybrid wheat seed production system.
(1) selects to require to select temp-sensing sterile line hybrid wheat that A691/R169 produces combination " 991 " to carry out the production of mass seed production hybrid wheat seed according to the combination of mass seed production.Male sterile line A691, extremely early mature, plant height 70cm, recovery is than A691 late 8 days R169 heading stage, blooms late 4 days～5 days, plant height is than the high 10cm of A691; Combination " 991 " F
1For plant height 82cm, be high 2cm only than recovering; First generation of hybrid yield heterosis is more than 20%, and is disease-resistant, precocious.
(2) " 991 " are combined in the district's autumn sowing of the Yellow River and Huai He River winter wheat and carry out seed production.Every mu of basic seedling 120,000 of plan.In male sterile line: recovery is that 8.5: 1.5 number ratios are calculated the required male sterile lines of mass seed production and recovery is a seed weight.
1. every mu of required male-sterile seed weight is calculated.At first calculating male sterile line mu need the seedling number be 120,000 * 0.85=10.2, ten thousand seedlings.Next calculates every kilogram of male-sterile seed number of emerging
(ten thousand seedlings).Calculating every mu of required male-sterile seed weight of the production of hybrid seeds at last is 10.2 ten thousand seedlings/2.025 ten thousand seedling=5.03 (kg).
2. every mu of required recovery is that seed weight calculates.At first calculating recovery is that every mu of required seedling number is 120,000 * 0.15=1.8, ten thousand seedlings.Next calculates every kilogram of recovery is that the seed sprouting number is
Ten thousand seedlings.Calculating every mu of required recovery of mass seed production at last is that seed weight is 1.8 ten thousand seedlings/1.94 ten thousand seedlings=0.9kg.
(3) be that R169 seed 0.9kg evenly mixes with male sterile line A691 seed 5.03kg with recovery.50m does not plant in recovery is the production of hybrid seeds district of any wheat the R169 (or having natural cover to isolate) with interior around the Yellow River-Huai River region suitable sowing date is seeded in above-mentioned seed mixture.The same land for growing field crops of cultivation management.
(4) recovering is to bloom to begin between tailend, and 9 o'clock～11 o'clock, 15 o'clock～17 o'clock every day, artificial stay cord shakes the parallel walking in the field of fringe layer; Yet available power driven sprayer does not add water and agricultural chemicals start blowing, the parallel walking start of the 10m～20m of being separated by blowing, supplementary pollination.
(5) male sterile line is that population mixture mixes results, shines and dry in the air, preserve with recovery in the seed farm of maturation back, uses as the hybrid wheat production of following season and plants.
(6) in the abundant area of labour, bloom and finish back 15 o'clock～20 days, manually cutting off the seed farm recovery is fringe.Recover system than the high 10cm of male sterile line, be easy to difference.It is that fringe can be taken the field out of as poultry feed that recovery is cut by institute, also can let alone to drop on the field.Recover this moment is that seed does not have the germination ability on the fringe, can not cause to mix.Ripe back results purity is near 100% hybrid wheat generation seed.
A691 is that the inventor utilizes its another patent of invention technology (number of patent application: the 00105488.0) temp-sensing sterile line of seed selection.Booting to 10 days flowering stage average temperature to be lower than 20 ℃ of holandries sterile, but be higher than 20 ℃ then self-fertility produce male-sterile seeds.Through inventor test in Chinese the Yellow River and Huai He River winter wheat district, Yunnan-Guizhou Chuan Dongmaiqu, northwest spring wheat district, northeast spring wheat district is broadcast the positive last month of autumn or the positive last month of spring is broadcast, and all shows the complete sterile hybrid wheat seed production of carrying out.The weak winter habit of A691, of short stem, extremely early mature, disease-resistant.Recovery is that R169 is the recovery system that the inventor utilizes K8428/259 ∥ TB902 combination seed selection, semiwinterness, in ripe, disease-resistant, the polytype male sterile wheat line is had strong fertility restorer ability.
Claims (2)
1. the hybrid wheat seed method of producing is characterized in that: male sterile line and recovery are that seed mixes the back sowing in several 8.5: 1.5 ratios of grain and forms population mixture, produce hybrid wheat seed, carry out as follows:
(1) selects suitable combination of producing hybrid wheat seed with this method
A. male sterile line is the strain of flower synchronization under the sowing same period condition with recovering;
B. recover system than the high 10cm～20cm of male sterile line plant height;
C.F
1For plant height and recovery is that plant height difference is no more than 10cm;
D. hybrid vigour is remarkable;
(2) qualified male sterile line and the recovery with combinations thereof is that seed mixes in 8.5: 1.5 grain number ratio;
(3) above-mentioned seed mixture is by local date of seeding, density and culture technique sowing and management;
(4) male sterile line is opened grain husk, is recovered system's beginning flower to whole florescence, artificial supplementary pollination 9 o'clock～11 o'clock, 15 o'clock～17 o'clock every day;
(5) results of population mixture can adopt two kinds of methods, produce the hybrid wheat seed of different size;
A. mix results and do the hybrid wheat production of following season with planting;
B. bloom and finish 15 days～20 days, the recovery that manually cuts off in the population mixture is a fringe.
2. the method that hybrid wheat seed according to claim 1 is produced is characterized in that: described male sterile line comprises that the male sterile line and two of three line method production is the male sterile line that method is produced.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011318384A CN1144516C (en) | 2001-12-25 | 2001-12-25 | Production method for hybrid wheat seed |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011318384A CN1144516C (en) | 2001-12-25 | 2001-12-25 | Production method for hybrid wheat seed |
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| CN1144516C true CN1144516C (en) | 2004-04-07 |
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| CNB011318384A Expired - Fee Related CN1144516C (en) | 2001-12-25 | 2001-12-25 | Production method for hybrid wheat seed |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6828474B2 (en) | 2002-03-06 | 2004-12-07 | National Starch & Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Method of grain production for heterozygous waxy sugary-2 maize |
| EP2918164A1 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2015-09-16 | Limagrain Europe | Hybrid Cereal Seed Production |
| CN103875462B (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-03-11 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Triple cross wheat breeding technical method |
| CN104145806B (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2015-11-18 | 新疆农垦科学院 | A kind of producing method for seed of triple crossing wheat, made seed and application thereof |
| CN106856966B (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2019-11-05 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | A kind of hybrid selection method of photoperiod-sensitive type sudangrass |
| CN112740967A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-05-04 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Seed production method for three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing |
| CN116616171A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2023-08-22 | 北京市农林科学院 | Method for screening two-line hybrid wheat seed production parents with stable flowering period |
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