CN104145806B - A kind of producing method for seed of triple crossing wheat, made seed and application thereof - Google Patents
A kind of producing method for seed of triple crossing wheat, made seed and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the producing method for seed of triple crossing wheat, made seed and application thereof, relate to hybrid wheat breeding technical field, solve the problem that existing Three-line Hybrid wheat production of hybrid seeds process seed production efficiency is low.This producing method for seed make use of the characteristic that wheat has vernalization ecocline, comprises the following steps: step 1, parental combination: select winter habit male sterile line female parent to form parental combination 1 with spring habit restorer male parent; Or select spring habit male sterile line female parent to form parental combination 2 with winter habit restorer male parent; Step 2, sowing: the seed of described parental combination 1 or parental combination 2 is sowed, the seed of wherein said spring habit restorer male parent, or the seed of described winter habit restorer male parent carries out facing winter sowing kind, and seed is survived the winter in soil with plumule form; Step 3, after planting carries out field management; Step 4, after wheat maturation, unified harvesting, obtains wheat hybridizing seed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hybrid wheat breeding technical field, particularly relate to a kind of producing method for seed of triple crossing wheat, made seed and application thereof.
Background technology
Along with the further increase of the size of population, per capita area of cultivated farmland reduces year by year, and grain security is the matter of utmost importance of facing mankind.Wheat is that gross yield is maximum in the world, and the staple food crop of high nutritive value, improves wheat yield, great to world food security implications.Hybrid vigour is a kind of universal phenomenon in biosphere, utilizes wheat heterosis to be one of major measure improving wheat yield.
And the key restricting hybrid wheat large-area applications is the producing hybrid wheat seed technical system lacking a kind of high-efficient simple.Existing Three-line Hybrid wheat seeding technique is that male parent restorer, maternal male sterile line are by the sowing of different proportion branch.Such as male sterile line is maternal forms parental combination with restorer male parent, and according to 2 row male parents, the mode of 6,8 or 10 row female parents is planted, and authorizes male sterile line by restorer pollen, and the seed that male sterile line plant produces is crossbreed.But for ensureing the quality of hybrid seeding, prevent from being mixed into restorer seed in crossbreed, during results, father, female parent must gather in respectively.But now do not have disposablely can gather in male parent and maternal harvest machinery respectively, can only first hand harvest's male parent, then maternal by harvest machinery results. simultaneouslyHarvest time can be caused so double, and breeding cost is very high, and production efficiency is too low, seriously constrains scale, mechanization wheat crossbreeding.
Summary of the invention
In view of this; the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of producing method for seed of triple crossing wheat; main purpose solves father, female parent when gathering in the crops in existing Three-line Hybrid wheat production of hybrid seeds process must gather in the crops respectively; cause harvest time double; breeding cost is very high, seriously restricts the problem of scale, mechanization hybrid seeding.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, present invention employs following technical scheme:
On the one hand, embodiments provide a kind of producing method for seed of triple crossing wheat, comprise the following steps:
Step 1, parental combination: select winter habit male sterile line female parent to form parental combination 1 with spring habit restorer male parent; Or select spring habit male sterile line female parent to form parental combination 2 with winter habit restorer male parent;
Step 2, sowing: the seed of described parental combination 1 or parental combination 2 is sowed, the seed of wherein said spring habit restorer male parent, or the seed of described winter habit restorer male parent carries out facing winter sowing kind, and seed is survived the winter in soil with plumule form;
Step 3, after planting carries out field management;
Step 4, after wheat maturation, unified harvesting, obtains wheat hybridizing seed.
Facing winter sowing kind in above-mentioned steps refers to for wheat, sow when the mean value of at least continuous 5 days minimum air temperatures is 0 ~ 3 DEG C in the fall, seed is survived the winter in soil with plumule form, so make the breeding time of Late frost damage in advance or winter habit wheat growth stage delay.In normal sowing situation, more late than winter habit wheat 10 ~ 15 days of flowering stage of Late frost damage, so by adjustment date of seeding florescence alternation, will improve pollination rate.
The producing method for seed of triple crossing wheat as above, further, in step 2: mixed with the seed of spring habit restorer male parent by the seed of the winter habit male sterile line female parent in described parental combination 1, the same period is sowed; Said method makes the winter habit male sterile line maternal florescence can postpone about 7 days, and the spring habit restorer male parent florescence does sth. in advance about 7 days, makes the two flower synchronization.
Or the seed of the spring habit male sterile line female parent in described parental combination 2 is mixed with the seed of winter habit restorer male parent, the same period is sowed.Said method makes the winter habit restorer male parent florescence can postpone about 7 days, and the spring habit male sterile line maternal florescence does sth. in advance about 7 days, makes the two flower synchronization.
The producing method for seed of triple crossing wheat as above, further, in step 2: the seed of the winter habit male sterile line female parent in described parental combination 1 and the seed mixed proportion of spring habit restorer male parent are 80wt% ~ 85wt%: 15wt% ~ 20wt%; Or the seed of spring habit male sterile line female parent in described parental combination 2 and the seed ratio used in combination of winter habit restorer male parent are 85wt% ~ 90wt%: 10wt% ~ 15wt%.
The producing method for seed of triple crossing wheat as above, further, in step 2: the seed of the seed of the winter habit male sterile line female parent in described parental combination 1 and spring habit restorer male parent is sowed by 10 ~ 12 row and 2 ~ 4 row alternate intervals, and the normal autumn sowing of seed of described winter habit male sterile line female parent; Said method makes the spring habit restorer male parent florescence do sth. in advance about 7 ~ 10 days, the time difference at both minimizings florescence.
Or the seed of spring habit male sterile line female parent in described parental combination 2 and the seed of winter habit restorer male parent are sowed by 10 ~ 12 row and 2 ~ 4 row alternate intervals, and the seed of described spring habit male sterile line female parent is normally sowed in spring.Said method makes the winter habit restorer male parent florescence can postpone 7 ~ 10 days, the time difference at both minimizings florescence.
The preferred embodiment of described alternate intervals sowing is, 10 row maternal-2 row male parents of maternal-2 row male parent-10 row repeat sowing successively.
The producing method for seed of triple crossing wheat as above, further, the ripe plant 8 ~ 15cm higher than the ripe plant of male sterile line female parent of described restorer male parent, male parent and maternal better the carrying out being conducive to pollinating of this combination.Or the ripe plant of described restorer male parent and the ripe plant of male sterile line female parent contour.
The producing method for seed of triple crossing wheat as above, further, described in face winter sowing kind sowing depth be 3 ~ 4cm, be too deeply unfavorable for that wheat seeding is unearthed spring, too shallow, the plumule that can cause surviving the winter is freezed to death, and affects emergence rate.
The producing method for seed of triple crossing wheat as above, further, field management described in step 3 comprises: seedling two leaf stage shifts to an earlier date irrigation fertilization and urgees its morning in strong sprout.
The producing method for seed of triple crossing wheat as above, further, field management described in step 3 comprises: artificial supplementary pollination, namely during described restorer male parent flowering loose powder, every morning 9 ~ 12 time, and/or when afternoon 4 ~ 6, manually catch up with powder 1 ~ 3 time, continuous 3 ~ 7 days.
On the other hand, embodiments provide a kind of wheat hybridizing seed, obtained by above-mentioned any one method.
On the other hand, embodiments provide the application of above-mentioned wheat hybridizing seed, the wheat hybridizing seed that described parental combination 1 obtains uses in autumn sowing mode; Comprise a small amount of spring habit restorer male parent seed, the normal autumn sowing in land for growing field crops in crossbreed due to results, crossbreed seedling can safe overwintering, and spring habit restorer male parent seedling is overwintering death because cold resistance is weak.The wheat hybridizing seed that described parental combination 2 obtains uses in spring sowing mode; Comprise a small amount of winter habit restorer male parent seed in crossbreed due to results, normally sow in spring in land for growing field crops, crossbreed seedling can normally ear, and winter habit restorer male parent seedling can not ear by vernalization stage because of temperature height.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, select winter habit male sterile line and spring habit restorer, or spring habit male sterile line and winter habit restorer are hybridized, and take full advantage of the ecological distant hybridization advantage between parent, expand the scope of influential point set selection Parents.
2, utilize wheat to have winter habit and spring habit two class low temperature vernalization ecotype, the visibly different difference of wintering habit, after making prepared hybrid wheat maturation, use the disposable results hybrid seed of grain harvest machinery.Can replace traditional father, the maternal mode sowed by different rows ratio, gather in the crops respectively, efficiency of crop is high, can improve seed production efficiency, reduces breeding cost.
3, adopt wheat to face winter seeding technique and solve winter habit wheat and Late frost damage hybrid seeding flowering asynchronism problem.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but not as a limitation of the invention.
It is that ecological distant hybridization has obvious hybrid vigour that winter habit wheat and Late frost damage are hybridized.The maternal first generation of hybrid autumn sowing of combining with spring habit restorer male parent of winter habit male sterile line can be survived the winter smoothly, and the maternal first generation of hybrid combined with winter habit restorer male parent of spring habit male sterile line is sowed in spring and can normally be eared.
In existing hybrid wheat breeding technology, if adopt the maternal parental combination that formed with spring habit restorer male parent of winter habit male sterile line to carry out the production of hybrid seeds and can there is following problem: if winter habit male sterile line is maternal and the normal autumn sowing of spring habit restorer male parent, then spring habit restorer male parent seedling because cold resistance is weak overwintering death.Sow in spring with spring habit restorer male parent if winter habit male sterile line is maternal, winter habit male sterile line seedling can not ear by vernalization stage because of temperature height.
Following examples material therefor is as follows:
Embodiment 1 and embodiment 2: be the new winter 41A of male sterile line by the transformation of new winter 41 (manufacturer is Xinjiang Academy of Land Reclamation &. Cultivation), maternal as winter habit male sterile line; Be restorer 35R in the new year by the new year 35 (manufacturer is Xinjiang Academy of Land Reclamation &. Cultivation) transformation, as spring habit restorer male parent.
Embodiment 3 and embodiment 4: be male sterile line 38A in the new year by the new year 38 (manufacturer is Xinjiang Academy of Land Reclamation &. Cultivation) transformation, maternal as spring habit male sterile line; Be the new winter 17R of restorer by the transformation of new winter 17 (manufacturer is Xinjiang Academy of Land Reclamation &. Cultivation), as winter habit restorer male parent.
Embodiment 1
The producing method for seed of the triple crossing wheat of embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
Step 1, cross combination which has strong superior parental apolegamy, selects the maternal new winter 41A and spring habit restorer male parent 35R in the new year of winter habit male sterile line to form parental combination; Male sterile line plant height 73cm, restorer plant height 90cm.
Step 2, winter habit male sterile line is maternal to be sowed with spring habit restorer male parent, after planting carries out field management; The maternal ratio with spring habit restorer male parent seed in 85%: 15% of winter habit male sterile line mixes, if seeding quantity is 225kg/hm
2, then maternal grain weight is 191.25kg/hm
2, male parent grain weight is 33.75kg/hm
2mix.Daytime in autumn, minimum air temperature stable maintenance was 0 ~ 3 DEG C time, and winter habit male sterile line and spring habit restorer face winter sowing kind the same period.
In normal sowing situation, late 17 days of heading stage of new winter 41A more maternal than winter habit male sterile line spring habit restorer male parent 35R in the new year flowering stage, so by adjustment date of seeding florescence alternation, will improve pollination rate.Said method makes the winter habit male sterile line maternal florescence can postpone 6 days, and the spring habit restorer male parent florescence does sth. in advance about 7 days, and the two florescence is met substantially.
Table 1 example 1 father, maternal heading stage
Face winter sowing kind.Sowing depth is strict controlled in 3 ~ 4cm.Can grow radicle 1.5cm ~ 3.0cm before the winter, plumule 1.0cm ~ 1.5cm, survives the winter for good with plumule form in soil.
Face the management of winter sowing kind.After the next spring emerges, seedling two leaf stage shifts to an earlier date irrigation fertilization and urgees its strong sprout and early send out.
Artificial supplementary pollination.During restorer male parent flowering loose powder, there is special messenger every day the morning 9 ~ 12 time, catch up with powder 2 times with power driven sprayer, bamboo pole when afternoon 4 ~ 6, continuous 5 ~ 7 days, thus improve the outcrossing seed-setting rate of male sterile line female parent.
Step 3, after wheat maturation, with the disposable results crossbreed of grain harvest machinery.Comprise a small amount of spring habit restorer male parent seed, the normal autumn sowing in land for growing field crops in the crossbreed of results, crossbreed seedling can safe overwintering, and spring habit restorer male parent seedling is overwintering death because cold resistance is weak.
In the producing method for seed process of the triple crossing wheat of embodiment 1, winter habit male sterile line female parent mixes by a certain percentage with spring habit restorer male parent seed, and face winter sowing kind the same period, with in prior art according to different row than compared with the mode of planting respectively, have and adopt grain seeder once to sow i.e. achievable advantage, simplify sowing program, improve sowing efficiency.
Embodiment 2
The producing method for seed of the triple crossing wheat of embodiment 2 comprises the following steps:
Step 1, cross combination which has strong superior parental apolegamy, selects the maternal new winter 41A and spring habit restorer male parent 35R in the new year of winter habit male sterile line to form parental combination; Male sterile line plant height 73cm, restorer plant height 90cm.
Step 2, winter habit male sterile line is maternal to be sowed with spring habit restorer male parent, after planting carries out field management; It is capable of planting that winter habit male sterile line female parent and spring habit restorer male parent press 10:2, and the maternal normal autumn sowing of winter habit male sterile line, reserve male parent row, when daytime in autumn, minimum air temperature stable maintenance was at 0 ~ 3 DEG C, spring habit restorer male parent faces winter sowing kind again.
In normal sowing situation, late 17 days of heading stage of new winter 41A more maternal than winter habit male sterile line spring habit restorer male parent 35R in the new year flowering stage, so by adjustment date of seeding florescence alternation, will improve pollination rate.Said method makes the winter habit male sterile line maternal florescence can postpone 6 days, and the spring habit restorer male parent florescence does sth. in advance about 7 days, and the two florescence is met substantially.(table 1)
Face winter sowing kind.Sowing depth is strict controlled in 3 ~ 4cm.Can grow radicle 1.5cm ~ 3.0cm before the winter, plumule 1.0cm ~ 1.5cm, survives the winter for good with plumule form in soil.
Face the management of winter sowing kind.After the next spring emerges, seedling two leaf stage shifts to an earlier date irrigation fertilization and urgees its strong sprout and early send out.
Artificial supplementary pollination.During restorer male parent flowering loose powder, there is special messenger every day the morning 9 ~ 12 time, catch up with powder 2 times with power driven sprayer, bamboo pole when afternoon 4 ~ 6, continuous 5 ~ 7 days, thus improve the outcrossing seed-setting rate of male sterile line female parent.
Step 3, after wheat maturation, with the disposable results crossbreed of grain harvest machinery.Comprise a small amount of spring habit restorer male parent seed, the normal autumn sowing in land for growing field crops in the crossbreed of results, crossbreed seedling can safe overwintering, and spring habit restorer male parent seedling is overwintering death because cold resistance is weak.
In existing hybrid wheat breeding technology, select the maternal parental combination that formed with winter habit restorer male parent of spring habit male sterile line to carry out breeding and can there is following problem: if spring habit male sterile line is maternal with the normal autumn sowing of winter habit restorer male parent, then spring habit male sterile line female parent seedling because cold resistance is weak overwintering death.Sow in spring with winter habit restorer male parent if spring habit male sterile line is maternal, winter habit restorer seedling can not ear by vernalization stage because of temperature height.
Embodiment 3
The producing method for seed of the triple crossing wheat of embodiment 3 comprises the following steps:
Step 1, cross combination which has strong superior parental apolegamy, selects spring habit male sterile line 38A and the new winter 17R of winter habit restorer male parent in maternal the new year to form parental combination; Male sterile line plant height 90cm, restorer plant height 90cm.
Step 2, spring habit male sterile line is maternal to be sowed with winter habit restorer male parent, after planting carries out field management; The maternal ratio with winter habit restorer male parent seed in 90%: 10% of spring habit male sterile line mixes, if seeding quantity is 225kg/hm
2, then maternal grain weight is 202.5kg/hm
2, male parent grain weight is 22.5kg/hm
2mix.Daytime in autumn, minimum air temperature stable maintenance was 0 ~ 3 DEG C time, and spring habit male sterile line female parent and winter habit restorer male parent face winter sowing kind the same period.
In normal sowing situation, winter habit restorer male parent new winter 17R than Zao 10 days of heading stage of spring habit male sterile line 38A in maternal the new year, so by adjustment date of seeding florescence alternation, pollination rate will be improved.Said method makes the winter habit restorer male parent florescence can postpone 6 days, and the spring habit male sterile line maternal florescence does sth. in advance about 7 days, and the two florescence is met substantially.
Table 2 example 3 father, maternal heading stage
Face winter sowing kind.Sowing depth is strict controlled in 3 ~ 4cm.Can grow radicle 1.5cm ~ 3.0cm before the winter, plumule 1.0cm ~ 1.5cm, survives the winter for good with plumule form in soil.
Face the management of winter sowing kind.After the next spring emerges, seedling two leaf stage shifts to an earlier date irrigation fertilization and urgees its strong sprout and early send out.
Artificial supplementary pollination.During restorer male parent flowering loose powder, there is special messenger every day the morning 9 ~ 12 time, catch up with powder 2 times with power driven sprayer, bamboo pole when afternoon 4 ~ 6, continuous 5 ~ 7 days, thus improve the outcrossing seed-setting rate of male sterile line female parent.
Step 3, after wheat maturation, with the disposable results hybrid seed of grain harvest machinery.Comprise a small amount of winter habit restorer male parent seed in the crossbreed of results, normally sow in spring in land for growing field crops, crossbreed seedling can normally ear, and winter habit restorer male parent seedling can not ear by vernalization stage because of temperature height.
In the producing method for seed process of the triple crossing wheat of embodiment 3, spring habit male sterile line female parent mixes by a certain percentage with winter habit restorer male parent, and face winter sowing kind the same period, with in prior art according to different row than compared with the mode of planting respectively, have and adopt grain seeder once to sow i.e. achievable advantage, simplify sowing program, improve sowing efficiency.
Embodiment 4
The producing method for seed of the triple crossing wheat of embodiment 4 comprises the following steps:
Step 1, cross combination which has strong superior parental apolegamy, selects spring habit male sterile line 38A and the new winter 17R of winter habit restorer male parent in maternal the new year to form parental combination; Male sterile line plant height 90cm, restorer plant height 90cm.
Step 2, spring habit male sterile line is maternal to be sowed with winter habit restorer male parent, after planting carries out field management; Spring habit male sterile line maternal and winter habit recovers male parent system, and press 10:2 capable of planting, and daytime in autumn, minimum air temperature stable maintenance was 0 ~ 3 DEG C time, and winter habit restorer male parent faces winter sowing kind, reserved female parent capable, treated next year normally spring sowing spring habit male sterile line female parent.
In normal sowing situation, winter habit restorer male parent new winter 17R than Zao 10 days of heading stage of spring habit male sterile line 38A in maternal the new year, so by adjustment date of seeding florescence alternation, pollination rate will be improved.Said method makes the winter habit restorer male parent florescence can postpone 6 days, and the spring habit male sterile line maternal florescence does sth. in advance about 7 days, and the two florescence is met substantially.(table 2)
Face winter sowing kind.Sowing depth is strict controlled in 3 ~ 4cm.Can grow radicle 1.5cm ~ 3.0cm before the winter, plumule 1.0cm ~ 1.5cm, survives the winter for good with plumule form in soil.
Face the management of winter sowing kind.After the next spring emerges, seedling two leaf stage shifts to an earlier date irrigation fertilization and urgees its strong sprout and early send out.
Artificial supplementary pollination.During restorer male parent flowering loose powder, there is special messenger every day the morning 9 ~ 12 time, catch up with powder 2 times with power driven sprayer, bamboo pole when afternoon 4 ~ 6, continuous 5 ~ 7 days, thus improve the outcrossing seed-setting rate of male sterile line female parent.
Step 3, after wheat maturation, with the disposable results hybrid seed of grain harvest machinery.Comprise a small amount of winter habit restorer male parent seed in the crossbreed of results, normally sow in spring in land for growing field crops, crossbreed seedling can normally ear, and winter habit restorer male parent seedling can not ear by vernalization stage because of temperature height.
Above embodiment is only exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and be not used in restriction the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims.Those skilled in the art can in essence of the present invention and protection domain, and make various amendment or equivalent replacement to the present invention, this amendment or equivalent replacement also should be considered as dropping in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a producing method for seed for triple crossing wheat, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, parental combination: select winter habit male sterile line female parent to form parental combination 1 with spring habit restorer male parent; Or select spring habit male sterile line female parent to form parental combination 2 with winter habit restorer male parent;
Step 2, sowing: the seed of the seed of the winter habit male sterile line female parent in described parental combination 1 and spring habit restorer male parent is sowed by 10 ~ 12 row and 2 ~ 4 row alternate intervals, and the normal autumn sowing of seed of described winter habit male sterile line female parent; Or the seed of spring habit male sterile line female parent in described parental combination 2 and the seed of winter habit restorer male parent are sowed by 10 ~ 12 row and 2 ~ 4 row alternate intervals, and the seed of described spring habit male sterile line female parent is normally sowed in spring;
Step 3, after planting carries out field management;
Step 4, after wheat maturation, unified harvesting, obtains wheat hybridizing seed.
2. the producing method for seed of triple crossing wheat according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the ripe plant 8 ~ 15cm higher than the ripe plant of male sterile line female parent of described restorer male parent; Or the ripe plant of described restorer male parent and the ripe plant of male sterile line female parent contour.
3. the producing method for seed of triple crossing wheat according to claim 1, is characterized in that, field management described in step 3 comprises: seedling two leaf stage shifts to an earlier date irrigation fertilization and urgees its morning in strong sprout.
4. the producing method for seed of triple crossing wheat according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, field management described in step 3 comprises: artificial supplementary pollination, namely during described restorer male parent flowering loose powder, every morning 9 ~ 12 time, with afternoon 4 ~ 6 time, manually catch up with powder 1 ~ 3 time, continuous 3 ~ 7 days.
5. the application of the wheat hybridizing seed that producing method for seed obtains according to claim 1-4 any one, is characterized in that, the wheat hybridizing seed autumn sowing mode land for growing field crops application that described parental combination 1 is obtained; The wheat hybridizing seed that described parental combination 2 obtains is applied with spring sowing mode land for growing field crops.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1353924A (en) * | 2001-12-25 | 2002-06-19 | 西北农林科技大学 | Production method for hybrid wheat seed |
| CN103875462A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2014-06-25 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Triple cross wheat breeding technical method |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1353924A (en) * | 2001-12-25 | 2002-06-19 | 西北农林科技大学 | Production method for hybrid wheat seed |
| CN103875462A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2014-06-25 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Triple cross wheat breeding technical method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 冬性与春性小麦的杂种性状表现和选择;张炎等;《作物学报》;19810331(第01期);第45页第1段，第46页第5段，第47页第1段，第48页表2、表3 * |
| 春大麦临冬播种试验;林隐荫等;《新疆农业科学》;19851010(第05期);第12页左栏第2段、最后1段 * |
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