CN102461407A - Method for interplanting potato and corn in semihumid and semi-arid region - Google Patents
Method for interplanting potato and corn in semihumid and semi-arid region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for interplaning potato and corn in a semihumid and semi-arid region. The invention comprises selection of planting mode, planting variety test and planting method and is characterized in that the planting mode that high pole crop corn and low pole crop potato are interplanted is selected, the planting variety test comprises that planting contrast test is carried out on potato Lk99, Longshu3 and Longshu6 and corn rich peasant 1, Shendan 16 and Yuyu 22, and the planting method is a high-yield variety planting method used for determining the planting contrast test. In the method provided by the invention, the potato Lk99 and the corn rich peasant 1 are preferably selected, firstly seeds of the two crops are subjected to pre-treatments such as disease and insect pest prevention and pregermination, then soil preparation, fertilization, interplanting and field management are carried out, and then harvesting is carried out. The invention has the beneficial effects that adverse factors of ecological environment to agricultural production are overcome, the traditional agricultural production mode is changed, specific yield is improved, and increase in production and synergism can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the agricultural planting technique field, be specially a kind of kind method for planting of half moistening semiarid zone potato interplanting corn.
Background technology
The half moistening semiarid region of China mainly is the rainfed farming that depends on natural precipitation except the irrigation farming of limited scale, the dryland farming that promptly it has often been said.The passive situation that why is difficult to break away from " being limited by the sky " is produced in the drought farming, and reason is the influence of climatic resources system and the limitation of traditional dry farming pattern.Show according to relevant research: the area of NORTHWEST CHINA arid and semi-arid district annual precipitation 400～550mm, crops moisture is had a deficit rate 20%～40%; In annual precipitation is the area of 250～400mm, and crops moisture is had a deficit rate up to 40%～70%.And distribute also extremely unbalanced season at these regional precipitations; Precipitation mainly occurs in for 7～September in 1 year; And it is rare in the spring and summer rainfall in season of main breeding times of crops; Exist a long-term dry season, the degree of coupling is low between precipitation, agricultural land soil output and the water demand of crop, is in unbalance and the dislocation state.This causes just, and the dryland farming ecosystem function is disorderly, the impaired basic reason of output.Therefore, only rely on existing non-irrigated agricultural pattern, be difficult to continue to increase substantially the level of production.To further improve output, accomplish highly efficient and productively, just must seek the new breakthrough mouth.
The east, Gansu is typical half moistening semiarid zone, the weather arid, and rainfall is few; Soil depletion be fit to crops such as plantation potato and corn, but traditional farming all is the single cropping pattern; Even if adopted the interplanting pattern, also just interior among a small circle experience plantation, lack of scientific foundation; Land utilization rate is lower, and pattern of farming is also unreasonable.The present invention has carried out planting experiment in Jingchuan County, Pingliang, Gansu; For overcoming the unfavorable factor that arid causes agricultural production; Utilize local peasant that the agriculture as the foundation of the economy of plantation potato and corn is arranged; To the demand of light, heat, water and the complementarity between crop, a kind of kind method for planting of half moistening semiarid region potato interplanting corn has been proposed in conjunction with potato and corn planting.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the unfavorable factor that ecotope causes agricultural production, propose a kind of kind method for planting of half moistening semiarid zone potato interplanting corn, change the traditional farming production model,, increase production and improve productivity to improve specific yield.
To achieve these goals, the present invention takes following steps:
One, kind is selected
The potato kind is chosen as: potato Lk99, No. 1, Gansu Province potato, No. 6, Gansu Province potato
Corn variety is chosen as: rich peasant No. 1, Shen Dan 16, Yuyu No.22
Two, seed treatment
1, potato seed is handled: (1) is cut into each with the potato piece and is planted 2-3 eye of piece band according to eye distribution situation on the stem tuber, the above sowing material of weight 30 grams; The kind piece that (2) will cut places 1000 times of liquid of 70% mancozeb to soak 20 minutes, pulls with the ash seed dressing cool the solarization to planting the piece dry tack free out; (3) will plant piece and evenly put on the germination bed in greenhouse by solar heat, and plant and evenly cover wet soil 2-3cm on the piece, day temperature is controlled between 21-28 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 20 ℃ of left and right sides vernalization.(4) in the vernalization process, at a distance from 3-5 days water sprays once, keep ground moistening, plant piece and can germinate in 10 days.
2, corn seed is handled: selecting 1000 times of liquid of 50% powder of carbendazim for use is that 5 gram medicines are converted 5 kilograms of seed soaking of water 48 hours, pulls the back out and directly sows, and this method can be prevented smut of maize; Also can select for use 15% triadimefon pulvis, 5 grams fully to mix sowing thoroughly with 1 kilogram of corn kind, this method can be prevented the maize leaves rust; Select for use 50% acephatemet missible oil 50 gram to convert 5 kilograms of 0.5 kilogram of seed dressings of water, sow after piling vexed half an hour, this method can be prevented and treated the soil insect and the plague of rats.If be capsuled seed, then no longer handle with this method.
Three, wholely
The potato interplanting corn must be in meticulous arable land in autumn last year, the rake mill; Through the alternate freezing and thawing in winter, soil is soft in small, broken bits, and soil moisture content is good after the beginning of spring, and ridging directly applies fertilizer.
Four, fertilising
The potato interplanting corn is unified fertilising, and mu is executed farmyard manure 3000kg, urea 30kg; Superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulphate 30kg, diammonium phosphate 20kg; Apply as base manure in conjunction with the arrangement arable land is disposable, make the ridge of wide 60cm, high 10cm, with the wide plastic mulching of 80cm.1.2m be a band width of cloth, potato band 60cm, plantation two row; Corn belt 60cm, open country kind 2 row corns.
Five, sowing
The sowing of potato should when temperature in the shed is stabilized in 10 ℃, be opened the bunch planting kind on film before and after March 10, plantation two row; Degree of depth 15-20cm, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, one of the kind piece of every bunch planting bud stalwartness; Broadcast the back and the film mouth is obturaged, make real, can emerge in 20 days with wet soil.
Corn is the outdoor sowing corn before and after April 20, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, 2 of every bunch plantings.
Six, field management
The management principle of potato is preceding short back control.Intertillage early in early stage, morning water, urge seedling and early send out, and grow vigorously.Take the circumstances into consideration after blooming to water, attack potato for short,, make overground part, underground part harmonic growth with potato control.Note after 20 days putting seedling in sowing, because of potato leaf is bigger, the top soil pressure is big, and the difficulty of emerging should in time be put seedling, in case burn.Irritate a water behind the Qi Miao, irritate two water squaring period, should keep soil moisture to be beneficial to stem tuber and expand according to the little water pouring of soil moisture content when bloom back and stem tuber get into expanding stage.Gather in the crops and stopped to water in preceding 10 days, dig in order to receipts.Water at every turn and be advisable with submergence potato rhizome.The back combination of watering is hoed up weeds and is in time intertilled between the ridge, to improve ground temperature, promotes potato nutritional to grow.Combine diseases and pests controlling, foliage-spray 2-3 hypophosphorous acid potassium dihydrogen or potato enlarging agent in this phase.
Corn seedling four leaves begin thinning, final singling wholeheartedly the time.Corn growth is big to the rich water demand, and its management main points are that rich water is proper.
Intertill and clean tillage is strengthened in the management of corn, potato symbiosis phase corn, improves the ventilation and penetrating light condition.
The management main points of corn behind the potato harvest: every mu imposes urea 20kg behind the late June potato harvest, waters once.Behind the potato harvest, the earth culture that will loose is beneficial to the growth of aerial root to corn root, prevents lodging.
Seven, the extermination of disease and insect pest
1, the potato disease mainly contains early blight, late blight, shot hole etc., carries out according to the potato conventional method.
2, the primary pest of corn is aphid, mythimna separata, corn borer, two spotted spider mite etc., carries out according to the corn conventional method.
Eight, gather
Gather in the crops potato the last ten-days period in June, with packing after the abundant airing of potato tubers of digging out soil, in order to storing.
The first tenday period of a month in August harvesting corn, the warehouse-in of airing in time.
Selection is located in the Jingchuan County plantation potato interplanting corn test of half moistening semiarid zone, east, Gansu:
(1) experimental scheme: split plot design is adopted in test, and main the processing established 4 processing, sub-district area 8 * 9=72m
2, vice division chief's reason is established 3 processing, sub-district area 3 * 8=24m
2, repeating four times, district's group is arranged at random.
The main processing: 1. NPS
1M
12. NPS
1M
23. NPS
2M
14. NPS
2M
2
Vice division chief reason: 1. not potassium application for contrast (CK) 2. mu execute K
2O 10kg 3. mu executes K
2O 20kgN: mu is executed purity nitrogen 15kg; P: mu is executed P
2O
510kg; S
1: potato density 3800 strain/mus; S
2: potato density 4300 strain/mus; M
1: potato LK99; M
2: the potato Big White Flower.
Supply examination fertilizer: urea (orchidization product) contains N46%, diammonium phosphate (U.S.'s product), N-P
2O
518-46%, agricultural potash fertilizer (Taiwan product) K
2O33%, mulch film (day aquatic products) 0.007 * 800mm
Test is implemented: stubble sorghum field experimental field, and when making the base manure ridging, fertilizer once applies, and 1.2 meters is a band width of cloth, plantation 2 row potatos, open country interplanting 2 row corns, corn line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, density 3660 strains.Potato row spacing 60cm, high 10cm, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, 35cm, potato covers the 800mm mulch film.Greenhouse vernalization on March 20, sowing on April 3.
(2) interpretation of result
Table 1 potato per mu yield is table (kg) as a result
Find out by last table: execute purity nitrogen 15kg, P at mu
2O
510kg does on the basis at the fertile end, potato density 3800 strain/mus, and mu is executed K
2O20kg, the highest 1589.7kg of LK99 output is than Big White Flower raising the output 155.6kg, raising the output 10.9%; Mu is executed K
2O10kg, LK99 increases production 71.2kg than Big White Flower.Respectively handle output during density 3800 strains/mu apparently higher than 4300 strain/mus, the processing mu of potassium application raising the output 139kg, mu is executed K
2The processing raising the output 152.8kg of O10kg, mu is executed K
2The processing raising the output 177.9kg of O20kg.
The single cave rate schedule (g) of table 2 potato
The single cave of table 3 potato potato piece number
The yampi piece rate schedule (g) in the single cave of table 4 potato
Application of potash fertilizer can obviously increase potato yield, and mu is executed K
2O10kg is contrast raising the output 8.5-13.3%, and mu is executed K
2O20kg is contrast raising the output 12.6-17.7%.Density 4300 strain/mus, two variety yield differences are little.
Table 5 potato interplanting corn model household yield and output value (output kg, output value unit)
Output is 2007 in the table---2,009 three annual means.
(1), potato effect of potassium fertilizer test
(1) experimental scheme: band fabric width 1m, sub-district area 30m
23 ridge potatos are cultivated in (3.0 * 10), a sub-district, row spacing 60cm, and high 10cm, 800mm mulch film top is insulted and is covered, potato density 4400 strain/mus, every ridge planting 2 row potatos, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 30cm.Test is established 6 and is handled (table 8), repeats for three times, and district's group is arranged at random, and three kinds of fertilizer are as base manure, disposable applying, experimental cultivar LK99 cultivated species, vernalization sowing.
(2) interpretation of result: known that by table 6 application of potash fertilizer can make the potato raising the output, mu is executed K
2O20,30,40,50kg comparison are according to increasing production 7.8%, 12.4%, 18.6% and 11.1% respectively.Compared with the control, in 5 processing of potassium application, except that handling (2) increase yield significantly, all the other 4 processing raising the output are extremely remarkable.Execute K with mu
2The highest 1770.5kg of O40kg output; Next is that mu is executed K
2O30kg output 1678.6kg; Mu is executed K
2During O50kg, output descends, and draws mu thus and executes K
2O30-40kg is suitable consumption.
Table 6 potato effect of potassium fertilizer is tested yield result (kg)
(1) the fertile end (CK) N 20kg/ mu+P
2O
5The fertile end+the K of 10kg/ mu (2)
2O 20kg/ mu
(3) the fertile end+K
2The fertile end+the K of O 30kg/ mu (4)
2O 40kg/ mu
(5) the fertile end+K
2O 50kg/ mu
The present invention compares with existing crop growing mode, and its beneficial effect is:
1, the present invention combines the planting conditions of east, Gansu, scientifically selects potato, corn two kinds of classification differences, the different crops of plant height are cultivated together, has increased the compatibility of two kinds of crops.
2, the present invention has not only changed the single cropping pattern of crops, has improved planting benefit, has also changed the traditional experience planting patterns, makes the interplanting of potato, corn scientific, standardizes, and planting effect is further improved.
Embodiment
Potato interplanting corn plantation demonstration is carried out in instance 1, selection Jingchuan County, Gansu
(1), kind is selected
The potato kind is chosen as: potato Lk99
Corn variety is chosen as: rich peasant No. 1
(2), seed treatment
1, potato seed is handled: (1) is cut into each with the potato piece and is planted 2-3 eye of piece band according to eye distribution situation on the stem tuber, the above sowing material of weight 30 grams; The kind piece that (2) will cut places 1000 times of liquid of 70% mancozeb to soak 20 minutes, pulls with the ash seed dressing cool the solarization to planting the piece dry tack free out; (3) will plant piece and evenly put on the germination bed in greenhouse by solar heat, and plant and evenly cover wet soil 2-3cm on the piece, day temperature is controlled between 21-28 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 20 ℃ of left and right sides vernalization.(4) in the vernalization process, at a distance from 3-5 days water sprays once, keep ground moistening, plant piece and can germinate in 10 days.
2, corn seed is handled: select for use 50% acephatemet missible oil, 500 grams to convert 50 kilograms of 5 kilograms of seed dressings of water, sow after piling vexed half an hour.
(3), wholely
Choose meticulous arable land in year autumn, rake mill, soil is soft in small, broken bits, 10 mu in the good field of soil moisture content.
(4), fertilising
The potato interplanting corn is unified fertilising, executes farmyard manure 3000kg for every mu, urea 30kg; Superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulphate 30kg, diammonium phosphate 20kg; Apply as base manure in conjunction with the arrangement arable land is disposable, make the ridge of wide 60cm, high 10cm, with the wide plastic mulching of 80cm.1.2m be a band width of cloth, potato band 60cm, plantation two row; Corn belt 60cm, open country plantation 2 row corns.
(5), sowing
The sowing of potato should when temperature in the shed is stabilized in 10 ℃, be opened the bunch planting kind on film before and after March 10, plantation two row; Degree of depth 15-20cm, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, one of the kind piece of every bunch planting bud stalwartness; Broadcast the back and the film mouth is obturaged, make real, can emerge in 20 days with wet soil.
Corn is an outdoor sowing corn before and after April 20, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, 2 of every bunch plantings.
(6), field management
The management principle of potato is preceding short back control.Intertillage early in early stage, morning water, urge seedling and early send out, and grow vigorously.Take the circumstances into consideration after blooming to water, attack potato for short,, make overground part, underground part harmonic growth with potato control.Note after 20 days putting seedling in sowing, because of potato leaf is bigger, the top soil pressure is big, and the difficulty of emerging should in time be put seedling, in case burn.Irritate a water behind the Qi Miao, irritate two water squaring period, should keep soil moisture to be beneficial to stem tuber and expand according to the little water pouring of soil moisture content when bloom back and stem tuber get into expanding stage.Gather in the crops and stopped to water in preceding 10 days, dig in order to receipts.Water at every turn and be advisable with submergence potato rhizome.The back combination of watering is hoed up weeds and is in time intertilled between the ridge, to improve ground temperature, promotes potato nutritional to grow.Combine diseases and pests controlling, foliage-spray 2-3 hypophosphorous acid potassium dihydrogen or potato enlarging agent in this phase.
Begin thinning, final singling wholeheartedly the time at corn seedling four leaves.Corn growth is big to the rich water demand, and its management main points are that rich water is proper.
Intertill and clean tillage is strengthened in the management of corn, potato symbiosis phase corn, improves the ventilation and penetrating light condition.
Every mu imposes urea 20kg behind the late June potato harvest, waters once.Diffusing earth culture behind the potato harvest to corn root, is beneficial to the growth of aerial root, prevents lodging.
(7), the extermination of disease and insect pest
1, the potato disease mainly contains early blight, late blight, shot hole etc., carries out pest control according to the potato conventional method.
2, the primary pest of corn is aphid, mythimna separata, corn borer, two spotted spider mite.Carry out pest control according to the corn conventional method.
(8), gather
Gather in the crops potato the last ten-days period in June, the abundant airing of potato tubers of digging out soil is packed then, in order to storing.The first tenday period of a month in August harvesting corn, the warehouse-in of airing in time.
The kind method for planting of the present invention's half moistening semiarid region potato interplanting corn is chosen a plurality of pilots and is planted demonstration in the Jingchuan County, its model household yield and output value is listed in table 5, more than 3 years; Potato per mu yield 1308-1426kg; Average 1373kg, per mu yield value 1308-1426 unit, average 1373 yuan; Corn per mu yield 624-704kg, average 670kg, per mu yield value 874-986 unit, average 938 yuan.Every mu of gross output value 2182-2412 unit of potato interplanting corn, increases income 938 yuan and 1373 yuan than potato, corn nonoculture respectively by average 2311 yuan.
Claims (3)
1. the kind method for planting of half moistening semiarid zone potato interplanting corn comprises that the selection of cropping pattern, varieties of plant are tested, the kind method for planting; It is characterized in that cropping pattern selects long-stalked crop corn and low bar crop potato to interplant; The varieties of plant test is that potato Lk99, No. 1, Gansu Province potato, No. 6, Gansu Province potato and corn rich peasant No. 1, Shen Dan 16, Yuyu No.22 are planted comparative trial, and planting method for planting is the high yielding variety kind method for planting of confirming the plantation comparative trial.
2. the kind method for planting of half moistening semiarid zone potato interplanting corn as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: said varieties of plant is potato Lk99 through the preferred kind of comparative trial potato, the preferred kind of corn is rich peasant No. 1.
3. the kind method for planting of half moistening semiarid zone potato interplanting corn as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that adopting following steps:
(1), kind is selected: the potato kind is chosen as: potato Lk99; Corn variety is chosen as: rich peasant No. 1;
(2), seed treatment: 1. place 1000 times of liquid of 70% mancozeb to soak 20 minutes the potato seed piece that cuts, pull out with the ash seed dressing, the cool solarization after plant the piece dry tack free put vernalization on the germination bed of greenhouse by solar heat; 2. corn seed selects for use 50% acephatemet missible oil 500 gram to convert 50 kilograms of 5 kilograms of seed dressings of water, piles i.e. sowing after vexed half an hour;
(3), site preparation and fertilization: combination arrangement arable land is disposable to apply as base manure, plays the ridge of wide 60cm, high 10cm, plastic mulching; Two ridges are a band width of cloth, plantation two row potatos; The 60cm open country is planted 2 row corns at interval, and intercropping gets final product successively;
(4), sowing: potato when temperature in the shed is stabilized in 10 ℃, opened the bunch planting kind before and after the March 10 on film, degree of depth 15-20cm, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, one of the healthy and strong kind piece of every bunch planting bud is broadcast the back with wet soil with film mouth envelope in fact, can emerge in 20 days; Corn outdoor sowing before and after April 20, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, 2 seeds of every bunch planting;
(5), field management: get final product according to potato and corn planting management method;
(6), gather: gather in the crops potato the last ten-days period in June, the abundant airing of potato tubers of digging out soil packed then, in order to storing, the first tenday period of a month in August harvesting corn, the warehouse-in of airing in time.
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| CN103975757A (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2014-08-13 | 四川农业大学 | Rotation cropping method under continuous cropping of intercropping of potatoes and maize |
| CN104855081A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-08-26 | 李金新 | Interplanting method for potatoes and garlic sprouts |
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| CN105940898A (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2016-09-21 | 贵州红缨子农业科技发展有限公司 | Interplanting method for potato and garlic in organic sorghum land |
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| CN102893790A (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2013-01-30 | 西乡县煜鸣生物科技有限责任公司 | Method for interplanting corns in bighead atractylodes rhizomes in semi-humid and semiarid northern area |
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| CN103975757A (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2014-08-13 | 四川农业大学 | Rotation cropping method under continuous cropping of intercropping of potatoes and maize |
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| CN105474980A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-04-13 | 和县绿源蔬菜种植有限责任公司 | Planting method of greenhouse potatoes |
| CN105746153A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-07-13 | 王永帮 | Large field planting method for interplanting color sweet pepper and purslane |
| CN105940898A (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2016-09-21 | 贵州红缨子农业科技发展有限公司 | Interplanting method for potato and garlic in organic sorghum land |
| CN105940898B (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2019-01-29 | 贵州红缨子农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of method for interplanting potato and garlic to Organic Sorghum |
| CN106717804A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-31 | 浦北县科学技术开发中心 | The high yield cultivating method of interplanting corn Ipomoea batatas |
| CN106818179A (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2017-06-13 | 安徽菲扬农业科技有限公司 | A kind of potato planting method |
| CN106718002A (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-05-31 | 阜阳师范学院 | A kind of implantation methods of potato |
| CN107980511A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-05-04 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of cultural method made between corn and potato |
| CN108401822A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-08-17 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所 | It is suitble to the double set cultivating and growing methods of the potato-corn in High aititude drop area |
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