CN103070001A - Method for safely planting okra at high yield and high quality - Google Patents
Method for safely planting okra at high yield and high quality Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for safely planting okra at a high yield and high quality, which belongs to the technical field of okra planting. Due to the adoption of the method for planting okra, the okra can be harvested 15-20 days ahead. EMs (Effective Microorganisms) are applied to the okra, so that the disease resistance of the okra is improved, the yield of the okra is increased, and the quality of the okra is improved. The average yield of fresh okra per 667m<2> is 4,550kg, which is increased by over 28 percent in comparison to the conventional okra cultivating method. The okra has good quality, tastes fine and smooth and meets the requirements of consumers, and the use of pesticides is reduced. A black plastic film and a one-time fertilizing method are applied, so that weeding and topdressing links are eliminated, and five to six workers are saved. The production cost is lowered, and the economic benefit of the okra is increased. A solid technical foundation is laid for the popularization of large-scale and standard production of the okra.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to okra planting technology field, particularly the safe implantation methods of a kind of okra high yield and high quality.
Background technology
Okra has another name called gumbo, swordweed, and the kidney tonifying dish, the coffee ambrette belongs to the Malvaceae Abelmoschus, the annual herb plant.The original producton location is African torrid areas, is one of the important vegetables in Africa and South Asia, occupies important position in the vegetables in the world.The states such as American and Britain, method, day are all listed it among the best pollution-free food register of new century in.China introduces a fine variety the time only about 10 years.It is reported that okra is that Africa and South Asian nation are athletic during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games one of must vegetables, is called " Olympic Games dish ".Okra is take edible young tender fruit pod as main, and meat is tender lubricated, nutritious, contains the stickum (strengthening the endurance of human body) that pectin, galactan and araban etc. form in the fruit pod.Flower, root, seed all can be used as medicine, and the diseases such as gastritis, stomach ulcer are had good therapeutic effect, protect the liver in addition, the function of ease constipation, strong kidney.Aging seed dries rear grinds, boils into beverage, and local flavor is similar to coffee.Well received on the markets such as Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Shanghai in recent years, be the huge health-care vegetable of development potentiality.
Adopt existing method to carry out okra plantation, have the problem such as yield poorly, poor quality, not anti-continuous cropping, disease increase the weight of year by year, the agricultural chemicals access times are frequent, labor is many.Therefore explore the culture technique of okra high yield and high quality safety, become urgent task and key issue that current okra is produced, the sound development that promotes okra plant husbandry is had great importance.
Summary of the invention
Order of the present invention ground is the deficiency that remedies the existing culture technique of okra, and a kind of culture technique of okra high yield and high quality safety is provided.This technology comprises the measures such as kind selection, seeding and seedling raising, the whole ground of fertilising, transplanting, the extermination of disease and insect pest, rich water quality management, make the okra per mu yield reach 4550kg, and the okra quality better, delicate mouthfeel is lubricated, have special fragrance and local flavor, the demand of energy satisfying the market.
The invention provides the safe implantation methods of a kind of okra high yield and high quality, it is characterized in that: the method comprises the measures such as kind selection, seeding and seedling raising, the whole ground of fertilising, transplanting, the extermination of disease and insect pest, rich water quality management, wherein,
1. kind is selected five happinesses;
2. apply fertilizer and select deep, loose fertile, the well-drained loam of soil layer or sandy loam wholely.The whole ground of deep ploughing before the field planting, mu is executed 3000 kilograms of decomposed manures, 20 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, 15 kilograms of 150 kilograms of ash or potassium sulphates, 5 kilograms of EM beneficial bacteriums.Behind the single fertilization, no longer impose in the whole vegetative period of okra.Do furrow behind the whole ground, adopt raised bed cultivate, the high 20cm in ridge, row spacing 70cm, every ridge plants 2 row, two strain field planting, seeding row spacing 60cm * 50cm, the ditch that begins to rehearse between the ridge, furrow width 40cm covers the black mulch film field planting;
3. plant was adjusted when July, plant grew to the 0.9m left and right sides, removed a strain in two strains of field planting, kept a strain, and purpose is in order to improve early yield, also avoided the middle and later periods plant tall and bigly to shade mutually simultaneously, fought for nutrient and moisture.
In the said method, cultivation season is selected: when temperature is stabilized in more than 12 ℃, can sow.Okra is arranged in frost-free season whole breeding time, and the phase of yielding positive results is in warm and moist season, generally seeding and seedling raising at the beginning of mid-March to 4 month.
In the said method, the presoaking and germinating method is as follows: every mu of sowing quantity 500 grams, with 50 ~ 55 ℃ of water seed soaking 15min, then at room temperature soaked seed 10 ~ 20 hours.Then vernalization 12 ~ 24 hours under 25 ~ 30 ℃ of conditions can be sowed when the seed for the treatment of half shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.In booth or greenhouse, grow seedlings with 50 holes dish, 2 in the seed of every cave seeding belt bud, thickness of earth covering 2cm covers film, can sprout in 6 ~ 7 days.3 ~ 4 true leaves get final product field planting, seedling age 30 ~ 40 days.
In the said method, remove the side shoot of base portion during the plant strain growth, promote stem precocity fruiting.Take to turn round a method for water sprout, nourish and grow with control.The middle and late growth stage is in time extractd the Lao Ye that respectively saves that gathers below the tender fruit.
In the said method, the water management points for attention are as follows: okra requires between breeding time that soil conservation is moistening to be got final product, and season hot summer, water requirement was large, in time water on the occasion of the okra results Sheng phase.Fruiting period is such as arid, and the plant growing way is poor, and fruit quality is bad.Watering time should be in the morning before 9, after at 4 in afternoon.Avoid watering under the high temperature and hinder root.Note draining rainy season, prevent the dead seedling of ponding and the phenomenon that fallen flowers are fallen leaves occurs.Therefore to accomplish the zanjon raised bed cultivate, can arrange and to fill with.
In the said method, in the extermination of disease and insect pest: the virus disease initial stage can increase anti-dose of 100 times of liquid foliar sprays control with viral A500-800 times liquid or 83-.Damping off, epidemic disease can be prevented and treated with 600 times of thiophanate methyls or 500 times of sprayings of 50% metalaxyl.Utilize the methods such as yellow plate trapping aphid, frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, black light lamps the moth pests to reach the order ground of kill pests.(proportioning is 6 parts of sugar to soil insect with sugar-vinegar liquid, 3 parts of vinegar, 1 part of liquor, 10 parts in water, 1 part in chlorophos), fresh vegetable leaf (90% trichlorphon 1kg, after adding water-solubleization of 5 ~ 10kg, admix in the 100kg fresh vegetable leaf) or rice bran (chlorophos 150 gram, 5 kilograms of rice bran poaches that fry poison bait) trapping.Also the method for available artificial capture method checks plant in the morning simultaneously, as finding the insect pest sign, can nearby cut the earth, and carries out the manual catching and killing.
In the said method, according to conventional method results okra.
At present, the planting technology of okra has the following disadvantages:
(1) existing okra planting technology is not used EM beneficial bacterium improvement soil, causes diversity of soil microorganism to descend, and beneficial microbe reduces, harmful microorganism increases, and damage by disease and insect increases the weight of, and agricultural chemicals uses frequent, finally cause yielding poorly, poor quality, affect the safety of okra.The present invention uses EM beneficial bacterium improvement soil, and the okra growing way is strong, and resistance strengthens, and damage by disease and insect reduces, and agricultural chemicals usage amount and number of times reduce.
(2) existing okra planting technology was topdressed often in the whole breeding time of okra.Topdress 1 time behind slow seedling, 500 ~ 600 kilograms of night soils that every mu of usefulness is become thoroughly decomposed are watered and water 6～7 kilograms in seedling or urea and be watered and water seedling or 3% composite fertilizer's aqueous solution drenches root.When height of seedling 30cm fruiting period (7 ~ 9 leaves are bloomed), execute disposable fertilizer, every mu with 25～30 kilograms of composite fertilizers or with muck (2000～3000 kilograms in loose stool water).Topdressed 1 time every 10 ~ 15 days later on, use 25 kilograms of composite fertilizers at every turn.Fertilizer application frequency is too much, has increased labor.And adopt the single fertilization technology can save labor, reduce production costs.
(3) existing okra culture technique covers with transparent membrane, and herbicidal effect is poor.The present invention's black film mulching, herbicidal effect is good, saves the weeding recruitment.
(4) existing culture technique adopts the method for Plant colonization, and per unit area yield is lower.And the present invention adopts the method for two strain field planting, improves the early yield of okra.When okra grows to the high left and right sides of 0.9m, remove a strain, keep a strain, avoid the middle and later periods plant tall and bigly to shade mutually, contention nutrient and moisture improve middle and later periods output.
Characteristics of the present invention are as follows:
1.EM applying of beneficial bacterium.
2. single fertilization technology.
3. the use of black thin film.
4. two strain field planting, the middle and later periods is removed a strain, keeps a strain.
The beneficial effect that technical solution of the present invention is brought:
The present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect: okra implantation methods provided by the invention can shift to an earlier date 15～20 days results.Use the EM beneficial bacterium at okra, strengthened the disease resistance of okra, improved the yield and quality of okra.Average 667m
2Produce the cadmium yellow gumbo and reach 4550kg, increase production more than 28% than existing okra cultivation method.Quality better, delicate mouthfeel is lubricated, can satisfy the demands of consumers, and reduce the use of agricultural chemicals.Use black mulch film and single fertilization method, reduced weeding and the link of topdressing, save artificial 5～6 manually.Reduce production cost, improved the economic benefit of okra.For promoting scale, the standardized production of okra industry, established solid technical foundation.
Embodiment
The following examples can make those skilled in the art more fully understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way.
The inventor has carried out okra high yield and high quality safety cultivation in 2012 on Ya'an, Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural University farm and has tried.Main research situation is as follows:
1. research material and method
1.1 research material
This experimental selection 4 okra kind, be respectively five happinesses, five-pointed star, delicate fingers, red gumbo.District's group is arranged at random, 3 repetitions.On March 10th, 2012 was carried out point disk seedling growing at Sichuan Agricultural University's farm booth.Adopt 55 ℃ of processing of hoting water treatment of seeds before the sowing, carry out sowing after the vernalization.Select deep, loose fertile, the well-drained loam of soil layer or sandy loam, the whole ground of deep ploughing before the field planting, mu is executed 3000 kilograms of decomposed manures, 20 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, 15 kilograms of potassium sulphates, 5 kilograms of EM beneficial bacteriums.Behind the single fertilization, no longer impose in the whole vegetative period of okra.Do furrow behind the whole ground, adopt raised bed cultivate, the high 20cm in ridge, row spacing 70cm, every ridge plants 2 row, 3 ~ 4 leaf field planting on April 10, two strain field planting, seeding row spacing 60cm * 50cm, the ditch that begins to rehearse between the ridge, furrow width 40cm covers the black mulch film field planting.Plant grows to 0.9m when high, removes a strain, keeps a strain.Remove the side shoot of base portion during the plant strain growth, promote stem precocity fruiting.Take to turn round a method for water sprout, nourish and grow with control.The middle and late growth stage is in time extractd the Lao Ye that respectively saves that gathers below the tender fruit.
In the okra implantation methods, cultivation season selection, presoaking and germinating, water management, the extermination of disease and insect pest and collecting method are as follows:
Cultivation season: when temperature is stabilized in more than 12 ℃, can sow.Okra is arranged in frost-free season whole breeding time, and the phase of yielding positive results is in warm and moist season, generally seeding and seedling raising at the beginning of mid-March to 4 month.
Presoaking and germinating: every mu of sowing quantity 500 grams.With 50 ~ 55 ℃ of water seed soaking 15min, then at room temperature soaked seed 10 ~ 20 hours.Then vernalization 12 ~ 24 hours under 25 ~ 30 ℃ of conditions can be sowed when the seed for the treatment of half shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.In booth or greenhouse, grow seedlings 2 in the seed of every cave seeding belt bud with 50 holes dish.Thickness of earth covering 2cm covers film.Can sprout in 6 ~ 7 days.3 ~ 4 true leaves get final product field planting.Seedling age 30 ~ 40 days.
The water management gumbo requires between breeding time that soil conservation is moistening to be got final product, and season hot summer, water requirement was large, in time water on the occasion of the okra results Sheng phase.Fruiting period is such as arid, and the plant growing way is poor, and fruit quality is bad.Watering time should be in the morning before 9, after at 4 in afternoon, avoids watering under the high temperature and hinder root.Note draining rainy season, prevent the dead seedling of ponding and the phenomenon that fallen flowers are fallen leaves occurs.Therefore to accomplish the zanjon raised bed cultivate, can arrange and to fill with.
The extermination of disease and insect pest: the virus disease initial stage can increase anti-dose of 100 times of liquid foliar sprays control with viral A500-800 times liquid or 83-.Damping off, epidemic disease can be prevented and treated with 600 times of thiophanate methyls or 500 times of sprayings of 50% metalaxyl.Utilize the methods such as yellow plate trapping aphid, frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, black light lamps the moth pests to reach the order ground of kill pests.(proportioning is 6 parts of sugar to soil insect with sugar-vinegar liquid, 3 parts of vinegar, 1 part of liquor, 10 parts in water, 1 part in chlorophos), fresh vegetable leaf (90% trichlorphon 1kg, after adding water-solubleization of 5 ~ 10kg, admix in the 100kg fresh vegetable leaf) or rice bran (chlorophos 150 gram, 5 kilograms of rice bran poaches that fry poison bait) trapping.Also the method for available artificial capture method checks plant in the morning simultaneously, as finding the insect pest sign, can nearby cut the earth, and carries out the manual catching and killing.
Gather according to conventional method results okra.
1.2 test method
The indexs such as each kind thing marquis's phase of record, morphological feature, fruit properties, output in the process of the test.Seeding stage was as the criterion with the date that cotyledon is unearthed more than 80%, had flowering stage be as the criterion with every residential quarter on date of 50% plant blossom.Thick with the vernier caliper measurement stem, the tape measure plant height, ruler is measured the fruit longitudinal and transverse demeter.The harvesting standard of okra is that length reaches 10 ~ 12 centimetres.
2 results of study
2.1 the comparison in the phenophase of different cultivars okra
Table 1 is that different okra kinds are in the phenophase of Yaan Prefecture.Each phenophase difference of the okra of different cultivars is not obvious, almost is to emerge simultaneously to budding simultaneously to bloom simultaneously, and difference was at 1 ~ 2 day.Five happinesses, delicate fingers and red gumbo began to gather 14 to 16 May, just began to gather five-pointed star May 21 to lag behind 5 ~ 6 days.All stopped October 5, be about 4 months when gathering.
The different okra kind phenophases of table 1 relatively
2.2 the comparison of different cultivars okra plant forms feature
In five happinesses, five-pointed star, delicate fingers, the red gumbo four strains, the plant height degree the shortest of delicate fingers is 1 meter, and the plant height of red gumbo is the highest, and average plant height has reached 2.25 meters, and the average plant height of five happinesses and five-pointed star is 1.5 meters and 1.4 meters.The color of the stem of five happinesses, five-pointed star and delicate fingers, leaf, flower is more similar, and difference is not obvious, and is comparatively sturdy; The flower of red globe mallow, leaf, stem are peony, and stem is thin than other three kinds, is about 1.3 centimetres.
Table 2 different cultivars okra plant forms feature relatively
2.3 the comparison of different cultivars okra fruit properties
The horizontal stem difference of five happinesses, five-pointed star and delicate fingers fruit is little, is about 2.1～2.2 centimetres, and fruit pod color is light green color, 5 ~ 6 ribs; Red gumbo transverse diameter is 1.9 centimetres, and less than other three kinds, most of fruit pods have 8 ~ 9 ribs, and wherein 8 ribs is maximum.
The different okra kind of table 3 fruit properties relatively
2.4 the comparison of different cultivars Yield of Okra
Focus between 15g ~ 17g in the single fruit of four okra kinds.The per plant number of five happinesses is 47.6, is the highest in 4 kinds, is five-pointed star secondly, has reached 46.9, and the per plant number of delicate fingers and red gumbo is respectively 43.5 and 42.2.Individual plant fruit heavily five happinesses is up to 810g, and red gumbo is minimum to be 630g.Per mu yield five happinesses the highest reaches per mu yield 4550kg, and five-pointed star takes second place, and output is 4200kg, and delicate fingers and red gumbo output are minimum, only have 3432kg and 3326kg.The output of five happinesses exceeds 8.3% than five-pointed star, exceeds delicate fingers 25.3%, exceeds 29.0% than the output of minimum red gumbo.
Table 4 different cultivars Yield of Okra relatively
3 discuss
In this test, 4 okra kind phenophase differences are not obvious, and the picking time of only having five-pointed star is than other three 4 ~ 5 days evenings of kind.4 kinds only have red gumbo what the plant forms feature differed greatly, and high than the plant height of other three kinds, stem is slightly thin than other three kinds, and also there were significant differences with other three kinds for the color of stem, leaf, flower.At the fruit of okra in shape, the pod of red gumbo shows as 8 ribs, and other three Performance of cultivars are 5 ~ 6 ribs.Four okra variety and qualities are good, and delicate mouthfeel has special fragrance and local flavor, can satisfy the demands of consumers, and the use of agricultural chemicals are few.On output, the output of five happinesses is higher than five-pointed star, delicate fingers, red gumbo.Comprehensive each index, five happinesses are adapted at the area plantation of west, river, can promote.
In the growing process of whole okra, Seedling Stage has heart-eating worm to gnaw specially root and the stem of plant, growth animated period and aphid is arranged and smelly stinkbug latter stage, but all be a small amount of appearance, do not form the whole situation of growing of large-scale damage by disease and insect impact.But because Yaan Prefecture's rainwater is more, cause okra to occur that some rot, the situation of fruit pod deformity, the resistance to overhead flooding injury of okra a little less than.The resistance to overhead flooding injury of wherein five happinesses, five-pointed star and delicate fingers slightly is better than again red gumbo.
The above; only for the better embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (8)
1. okra implantation methods, it is characterized in that: the method comprises the measures such as kind selection, seeding and seedling raising, the whole ground of fertilising, transplanting, the extermination of disease and insect pest, rich water quality management, wherein,
1. kind is selected five happinesses;
2. select deep, loose fertile, the well-drained loam of soil layer or sandy loam, the whole ground of deep ploughing before the field planting, mu is executed 3000 kilograms of decomposed manures, 20 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, 15 kilograms of 150 kilograms of ash or potassium sulphates, 5 kilograms of EM beneficial bacteriums, behind the single fertilization, no longer impose the whole vegetative period at okra, does furrow behind the whole ground, adopts raised bed cultivate, the high 20cm in ridge, row spacing 70cm, every ridge plants 2 row, two strain field planting, seeding row spacing 60cm * 50cm, the ditch that begins to rehearse between the ridge, furrow width 40cm covers the black mulch film field planting;
When 3. July, plant grew to the 0.9m left and right sides, remove a strain in two strains of field planting, keep a strain.
2. okra implantation methods according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when temperature is stabilized in more than 12 ℃, can sow; Okra is arranged in frost-free season whole breeding time, and the phase of yielding positive results is in warm and moist season.
3. okra implantation methods according to claim 1 is characterized in that: seeding and seedling raising at the beginning of mid-March to 4 month.
4. okra implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the presoaking and germinating method is as follows: every mu of sowing quantity 500 grams, with 50 ~ 55 ℃ of water seed soaking 15min, then at room temperature soaked seed 10 ~ 20 hours, then vernalization 12 ~ 24 hours under 25 ~ 30 ℃ of conditions, when showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, the seed for the treatment of half can sow, in booth or greenhouse, grow seedlings with 50 holes dish, 2 in the seed of every cave seeding belt bud, thickness of earth covering 2cm covers film, can sprout in 6 ~ 7 days, 3 ~ 4 true leaves get final product field planting, seedling age 30 ~ 40 days.
5. okra implantation methods according to claim 1 is characterized in that: remove the side shoot of base portion during the plant strain growth, promote stem precocity fruiting, take to turn round a method for water sprout, nourish and grow with control, the middle and late growth stage is in time extractd the Lao Ye that respectively saves that gathers below the tender fruit.
6. okra implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the water management points for attention are as follows: okra requires between breeding time that soil conservation is moistening to be got final product, and season hot summer, water requirement was large, in time water on the occasion of the okra results Sheng phase; Watering time should be in the morning before 9, after at 4 in afternoon, avoids watering under the high temperature and hinder root, notes draining rainy season, prevents the dead seedling of ponding and the phenomenon of fallen flowers fallen leaves occurs, therefore will accomplish the zanjon raised bed cultivate, can arrange and can fill with.
7. okra implantation methods according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the extermination of disease and insect pest: the virus disease initial stage increases anti-dose of 100 times of liquid foliar sprays control with viral A500-800 times liquid or 83-; Damping off, epidemic disease are prevented and treated with 600 times of thiophanate methyls or 500 times of sprayings of 50% metalaxyl; Utilize yellow plate trapping aphid, frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, black light lamps the moth pests; Soil insect is catched and killed with the bait trapping or with the method for artificial capture method.
8. okra implantation methods according to claim 1 is characterized in that: according to conventional method results okra.
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