CN105123254A - Multiple-cropping method of early-mature potato, celery and leafy vegetables in arched shed - Google Patents
Multiple-cropping method of early-mature potato, celery and leafy vegetables in arched shed Download PDFInfo
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- CN105123254A CN105123254A CN201510674451.8A CN201510674451A CN105123254A CN 105123254 A CN105123254 A CN 105123254A CN 201510674451 A CN201510674451 A CN 201510674451A CN 105123254 A CN105123254 A CN 105123254A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multiple-cropping method of early-mature potato, celery and leafy vegetables. The multiple-cropping method comprises the following steps: step 1, establishing the arched shed at an appropriate time; step 2, sprouting and seeding potatoes; step 3, applying base fertilizer to the potatoes; step 4, regulating temperature and humidity in the arched shed, and applying the fertilizer; step 5, nursing the celery; step 6, preventing early and late diseases of the potatoes; step 7, harvesting the potatoes and carrying out the land preparation and fertilization; step 8, planting the celery; step 9, carrying out the fertilizer and water management for the celery; step 10, applying the fertilizer to the celery, and carrying out the intertillage weeding; step 11, harvesting the celery; step 12, seeding the leafy vegetable; step 13, carrying out the field management for the leafy vegetable; step 14, harvesting the leafy vegetable. By utilizing the facility arched shed, the early-mature potatoes, celery and other leafy vegetables are produced according to respective production seasons, so that the multiple-cropping index of the land can reach 250 percent, the utilization rate of the land and light energy is increased, and the yield of the crops per unit area on the limited land area can be increased.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to crops multiple cropping technical field, particularly a kind of multiple cropping method of shed Early cropping potato, celery, leaf vegetables.
Background technology:
Potato belongs to grain dish dual-purpose type crop, as vegetables purposes, in NORTHWEST CHINA, southwest, zone of constant temperature semiarid climatic region, northeast, generally went on the market in a large number at the beginning of 10 months, and annual 6, two do district potato and terminated just July, one does the district potato still unlisted neutral gear phase.Celery belongs to cooling property vegetables, sales peak the phase in 8-10 month, the south China annual 6-9 month is high temperature season, and celery cannot be produced, and just the neutral gear phase of southern celery, the ground celeries such as Guangzhou, Fujian, Hunan, Shanghai are in great demand, and imbalance between supply and demand is given prominence to.The vegetables that cool are sold and just in time compensate for southern market deficiency from room and time, are the preferably periods that northern dish is gone down south, have significant economic benefit and social benefit.
At present, the ground potatos such as NORTHWEST CHINA, southwest, northeast are mainly based on the plantation of land for growing field crops late variety, and Early cropping potato plantation lacks technical support, and labor productivity is low; Meanwhile, facilities vegetable plantation is main based on the leaf vegetables of suitable locality, fruit and vegetable, does not seize the southern first market opportunities.Field planting potato soil cropping index is 100%, the output value 1200 yuan/mu; Facilities vegetable cropping index is 150-200%, the output value about 5000 yuan/mu.The potentiality understanding that peasant increases income development industrialized agriculture is dark, and technical merit is low, and plantation is lacked experience, and manages uneven, and economic benefit etc. will not run business big and strong and be there is various obstacles.Superior climatic characteristic and agricultural facility are not fully utilized, and its basic reason lacks advanced technical support, raw for crop characteristic scientifically can not be organically combined with local climatic characteristic, agricultural facility and Supply and demand market.All kinds of regional cropping index in the whole nation is roughly: on the south the Five Ridges about about 200%; To the north of the Five Ridges, the Changjiang river areas to the south about 180 ~ 200%; North of Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Qinling Mountains, white Dragon River areas to the south are 150 ~ 180%; The Yellow River, the Qinling Mountains, to the north of white Dragon River, Great Wall areas to the south about 120 ~ 150%; Northern area, Great Wall, except part flag, outside the county, large portion is below 100%.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention demonstrate with producing through experimental study in recent years, in the Fruit variety collocation, cropping pattern, production management etc. of facility shed production Early cropping potato multiple cropping celery other leaf vegetables of multiple cropping again, define stable technical system.
Given this, be necessary to design a kind of can overcome above defect shed Early cropping potato, celery, leaf vegetables multiple cropping method.
A multiple cropping method for shed Early cropping potato, celery, leaf vegetables, comprises the following steps:
Step one: in good time build canopy; Complete before last year, soil was freeze-up shed build and whole, mid or late Febuary covers canopy film to crop-planting then, improves temperature of shed;
Step 2: potato vernalization is sowed; Select the Early maturity Potato Cultivars of 55 ~ 70 days breeding times, prepare in early March sowing, carried out vernalization first 20 days of sowing time;
Step 3: potato heavy dressing base manure; On the basis of autumn fertilising, in conjunction with the every 666.7m in whole ground before sowing
2base executes decomposed manure 2000kg, diammonium phosphate 15kg, urea 10kg, potassium sulfate 5kg; Adopt wide row high ridge film-covering planting mode, first by above-mentioned broadcast application in soil surface, then use small-size rotary tiller wholely, artificial ridging overlay film, dibbling of then punching, ridge face width 60cm, the wide 40cm of furrow, ridge height 30cm, every ridge kind two row, line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 26 ~ 28cm, seed level 20cm, every 666.7m
2strain number 4700 ~ 5000 strain;
Step 4: epidemic disaster and topdressing in regulation and control shed; Germination period observe soil moisture, soil water-containing quantity not sufficient 14% ~ 16% needs Supplement irrigation, after pouring water 3 days, to intertill during antecedent soil moisture loosen the soil, weeding; Seedling Stage keeps room temperature at 16 ~ 20 DEG C, observes thermometer when every morning 9, when room temperature reaches 22 DEG C, opens air port cooling immediately; At the every 666.7m of Seedling Stage
2impose urea 8kg, apply in two strain potato centre wooden sticks or soil hole puncher punching before pouring water, punching be highly ridge high 1/2, apply fertilizer terminate after, pour water immediately, water irrigating depth is 1/2 of the furrow degree of depth and must floods fertilizer applying hole, but 2/3 of the furrow degree of depth can not be exceeded, pour water 2 ~ 4 times, poured water once every 8 ~ 12 days, carry out intertill and clean tillage during 3 ~ 4 days antecedent soil moistures after pouring water, increase soil permeability; Tuber initiation stage keeps soil temperature 16 ~ 21 DEG C, room temperature 18 ~ 21 DEG C, 30 points of observation thermometers when every morning 8, when room temperature reaches 18 DEG C, opens air port cooling immediately, gives mulch film earthing 2 ~ 3cm simultaneously, to play the effect reducing soil temperature; The stem tuber rise period will make soil temperature control within the scope of 16 ~ 21 DEG C, and by opening air port cooling all day to increase day and night temperature, the soil temperature difference reaches more than 13 DEG C and is advisable round the clock;
Step 5: celery nursery, selection petiole is long, solid, crude fiber content is few, high yield strong stress resistance, the celery kind of resistance to bolting, first its seed is put in seed soaking sterilization in the water of 50 ~ 55 DEG C before vernalization, continuous stirring, seed is heated evenly, abundant absorption moisture can kill the germ of the surface of the seed, take out after 20 minutes, be put in cold water and continue seed soaking, after 16 ~ 24 hours, 2 ~ 3 times are gently rubbed with have gentle hands, remove the ghost floated on the surface, rinse with clear water after flat grain, seed is taken out, drop water purification divides, bind up with gauze and be placed in vernalization under 20 ~ 22 DEG C of conditions, can sow when there being the seed of 70% to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally,
Culture facility selects greenhouse by solar heat or Small plastic shed, and every square metre applies decomposed manure 20 ㎏ ~ 30 ㎏, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 100g, adds carbendazim 50g, and the little furrow that 1m ~ 1.2m is wide made by thin rake of turning over;
Prepare nursery mid-April, first water of revealing the exact details watered to alternative plot, until water ooze lower after, ground is flattened, by after the seed of airing and a small amount of fine sand or wet soil Homogeneous phase mixing during sowing, broadcasts sowing in seedbed, cover fine earth 0.5 ㎝ thick, then covering with plastic film, throws off mulch film after emerging, and keeps seedbed moistening, 2 days prior to seeding, spray with 48% trifluralin ec, 500 times of liquid, close before carrying out weeds bud, prevent weed growth;
Seedling stage, room temperature controlled between 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, soil moisture controls 18% ~ 20%, moisturizing, in fine day morning, sprays 0.2% urea water, once every 10 ~ 15 days later after neat seedling, promote seedling robust growth, carry out thinning when seedling grows to two panels true leaf, spacing 1cm, carry out 1 ~ 2 thinning more later, make spacing reach about 2 ㎝, water after thinning;
Step 6: potato early, the control of late blight; Spray pharmacy control is started in pregnant flower bud to about the 10 days May come into bloom, every 7 ~ 10 days spray pharmacies once, spray pharmacy 3 ~ 4 times altogether; Various medicament rotation is used alternatingly, and to improve control efficiency, avoids developing immunity to drugs;
Step 7: potato harvest and site preparation and fertilization; Potato harvest stops watering for first 10 days, makes potato skin aging further; , more yellow field yellow by potato haulm is gathered in the crops successively, classification pack transport;
Site preparation and fertilization is carried out, every 667m after potato harvest
2apply farmyard manure 5000 ㎏ become thoroughly decomposed, phosphate fertilizer 100kg, diammonium phosphate 30 ~ 50 ㎏, urea 20kg, be evenly sprinkling upon on growing surface; Deep ploughing rake a kind of farm tools is carried out in the aforementioned plot of Shi Haofei, and ㎝ is dark for deep ploughing standard 25 ~ 30, then makes 60 ~ 100m
2little furrow, prepare to transplant; In transplanting first 2 days, spray with 48% trifluralin ec, 500 times of liquid, close before carrying out weeds bud;
Step 8: celery field planting; Field planting seeding row spacing 15 × 15 ㎝, punching degree of depth 5cm, seedling step 5 cultivated is transplanted by every cave 1 ~ 2 strain, and plantation should be shallow unsuitable dark, namely just buries just by root system, lobus cardiacus can not be buried;
Step 9: celery rich water quality management; Water after field planting, keep ground moistening, soil moisture 20% ~ 22%, grows in order to root regeneration, control the water yield after slow seedling to restrain the growth of seedlings, within 7 ~ 10 days, water 1 time, when plant vigorous growth, need moisture supply to want sufficient, frequent maintenance ground moistening, in case celery is hollow, after restraining the growth of seedlings terminates, in conjunction with every 667m that pours water
2impose urea 15kg; When planting height at about 20cm, every 667m
2impose urea 15kg, as height of seedling 45 about ㎝, every 667m
2impose urea 15kg;
Step 10: celery topdresses, intertill and clean tillage; After field planting 7 ~ 10 days, every 667m
2execute once-combined fertile 15kg; When planting high 20 ~ 25 ㎝, every 667m
2execute once-combined fertile 15 ~ 20kg; At the non-Feng Hangqian of plant, carry out artificial intertill and clean tillage in conjunction with each fertilising, remove Huang, sick leaf on plant;
Step 11: celery is gathered; Grow to 55 ~ 60cm can gather when strain is planted, gathered evening, petiole is variable empty, quality declines, and loses value, in recovery process scuppit used to clean, health, pollution-free, with scuppit under celery base portion shovel, remove Lao Ye and Bian Ye, keep plant well complete, fresh, cauline leaf is green, glossy, blade face is clean, specification and size, and mechanical is hindered, without damage by disease and insect, without splitting stem and empty bar;
Step 12: leaf vegetables is sowed; Late September sowing leaf vegetables after shed celery results, carry out presoaking and germinating before sowing and pour water to soil, sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil when soil moisture reaches 15 ~ 18% scatters seeds, shallow hoe 2.5 ~ 3.5 centimetres, seed is buried in soil, furrow face of then raking, when surface soil is slightly dry show money or valuables one carries unintentionally time compacting gently; Autumn leaves dish after planting temperature reduces gradually, and emergence rate is higher, adds that plant strain growth is rapid, and individuality is comparatively large, and need larger standing area, therefore every mu of seeding quantity can be reduced to 3.0 ~ 3.5kg;
Step 13: leaf vegetables field management; When showing native humidity and being less than 14%, need gently to water 1 water, in order to emerging; After seedling grows 2 true leaves, growth rate starts to accelerate, and Ying Qin waters shallow watering, and keeps soil moisture regime; Seedling is the period that the number of sheets and Ye Chong increase sharply simultaneously after growing 4 ~ 5 true leaves, starts to use quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer with pouring water; According to plant strain growth situation, topdress again afterwards 1 ~ 2 time; In vegetative period, should strengthen booth ventilating management according to weather temperature variations, daytime ventilates, but will reduce ventilating opening, and temperature closes air port lower than when 14 DEG C;
Step 14: leaf vegetables is gathered in the crops; To gather in late December to January leaf vegetables.
Preferably, the Potato Cultivars in step 2 is the one in Favorita, No. 10, middle potato, peaceful No. 10, potato.
Preferably, the medicament that step 6 rotation is used alternatingly has Du Pont's gram dew, metalaxyl-mn-zn, Pu Like, An Ke, presses down soon only.
Preferably, in step 5 celery kind be that texts and pictures draw, California king, one or more in French queen.
Preferably, leaf vegetables described in step 12 ~ step 14 is spinach; Sowed before September 26, select round leaf spinach kind, sowed after September 26, select round leaf spinach kind or sharp leaf Spinach Varieties.
Preferably, in step 13, quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer is the one in urea, ammonium sulfate, carbonic hydroammonium.
In order to solve northern soil cropping index and the low technical problem of the output value, the present invention utilizes facility shed, adopt scientific and reasonable agronomic technique, the production of Early cropping potato, celery and other leaf vegetables is reasonably combined by its respective production season, the market demand, make soil cropping index reach 250%, output benefit maximizes.Scientific arrangement crops for rotation order of the present invention, by extend luminous energy, heat utilize the time, green plants is made to synthesize more organic substance, Facility Agriculture Development and leading industry are organically combined, realize three batches of cultivations in a year, improve the availability of soil and luminous energy, in limited land area, improve the yield per unit area of crop, achieve maximizing the benefits, efficiency optimization.
Embodiment:
A multiple cropping method for shed Early cropping potato, celery, leaf vegetables, comprises the following steps:
Step one: in good time build canopy; Complete before last year, soil was freeze-up shed build and whole, mid or late Febuary covers canopy film to crop-planting then, improves temperature of shed;
Step 2: potato vernalization is sowed; Select the Early maturity Potato Cultivars of 55 ~ 70 days breeding times, prepare in early March sowing, carried out vernalization first 20 days of sowing time;
Step 3: potato heavy dressing base manure; On the basis of autumn fertilising, in conjunction with the every 666.7m in whole ground before sowing
2base executes decomposed manure 2000kg, diammonium phosphate 15kg, urea 10kg, potassium sulfate 5kg; Adopt wide row high ridge film-covering planting mode, first by above-mentioned broadcast application in soil surface, then use small-size rotary tiller wholely, artificial ridging overlay film, dibbling of then punching, ridge face width 60cm, the wide 40cm of furrow, ridge height 30cm, every ridge kind two row, line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 26 ~ 28cm, seed level 20cm, every 666.7m
2strain number 4700 ~ 5000 strain;
Step 4: epidemic disaster and topdressing in regulation and control shed; Germination period observe soil moisture, soil water-containing quantity not sufficient 14% ~ 16% needs Supplement irrigation, after pouring water 3 days, to intertill during antecedent soil moisture loosen the soil, weeding; Seedling Stage keeps room temperature at 16 ~ 20 DEG C, observes thermometer when every morning 9, when room temperature reaches 22 DEG C, opens air port cooling immediately; At the every 666.7m of Seedling Stage
2impose urea 8kg, apply in two strain potato centre wooden sticks or soil hole puncher punching before pouring water, punching be highly ridge high 1/2, apply fertilizer terminate after, pour water immediately, water irrigating depth is 1/2 of the furrow degree of depth and must floods fertilizer applying hole, but 2/3 of the furrow degree of depth can not be exceeded, pour water 2 ~ 4 times, poured water once every 8 ~ 12 days, carry out intertill and clean tillage during 3 ~ 4 days antecedent soil moistures after pouring water, increase soil permeability; Tuber initiation stage keeps soil temperature 16 ~ 21 DEG C, room temperature 18 ~ 21 DEG C, 30 points of observation thermometers when every morning 8, when room temperature reaches 18 DEG C, opens air port cooling immediately, gives mulch film earthing 2 ~ 3cm simultaneously, to play the effect reducing soil temperature; The stem tuber rise period will make soil temperature control within the scope of 16 ~ 21 DEG C, and by opening air port cooling all day to increase day and night temperature, the soil temperature difference reaches more than 13 DEG C and is advisable round the clock;
Step 5: celery nursery, selection petiole is long, solid, crude fiber content is few, high yield strong stress resistance, the celery kind of resistance to bolting, first its seed is put in seed soaking sterilization in the water of 50 ~ 55 DEG C before vernalization, continuous stirring, seed is heated evenly, abundant absorption moisture can kill the germ of the surface of the seed, take out after 20 minutes, be put in cold water and continue seed soaking, after 16 ~ 24 hours, 2 ~ 3 times are gently rubbed with have gentle hands, remove the ghost floated on the surface, rinse with clear water after flat grain, seed is taken out, drop water purification divides, bind up with gauze and be placed in vernalization under 20 ~ 22 DEG C of conditions, can sow when there being the seed of 70% to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally,
Culture facility selects greenhouse by solar heat or Small plastic shed, and every square metre applies decomposed manure 20 ㎏ ~ 30 ㎏, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 100g, adds carbendazim 50g, and the little furrow that 1m ~ 1.2m is wide made by thin rake of turning over;
Prepare nursery mid-April, first water of revealing the exact details watered to alternative plot, until water ooze lower after, ground is flattened, by after the seed of airing and a small amount of fine sand or wet soil Homogeneous phase mixing during sowing, broadcasts sowing in seedbed, cover fine earth 0.5 ㎝ thick, then covering with plastic film, throws off mulch film after emerging, and keeps seedbed moistening, 2 days prior to seeding, spray with 48% trifluralin ec, 500 times of liquid, close before carrying out weeds bud, prevent weed growth;
Seedling stage, room temperature controlled between 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, soil moisture controls 18% ~ 20%, moisturizing, in fine day morning, sprays 0.2% urea water, once every 10 ~ 15 days later after neat seedling, promote seedling robust growth, carry out thinning when seedling grows to two panels true leaf, spacing 1cm, carry out 1 ~ 2 thinning more later, make spacing reach about 2 ㎝, water after thinning;
Step 6: potato early, the control of late blight; Spray pharmacy control is started in pregnant flower bud to about the 10 days May come into bloom, every 7 ~ 10 days spray pharmacies once, spray pharmacy 3 ~ 4 times altogether; Various medicament rotation is used alternatingly, and to improve control efficiency, avoids developing immunity to drugs;
Step 7: potato harvest and site preparation and fertilization; Potato harvest stops watering for first 10 days, makes potato skin aging further; , more yellow field yellow by potato haulm is gathered in the crops successively, classification pack transport;
Site preparation and fertilization is carried out, every 667m after potato harvest
2apply farmyard manure 5000 ㎏ become thoroughly decomposed, phosphate fertilizer 100kg, diammonium phosphate 30 ~ 50 ㎏, urea 20kg, be evenly sprinkling upon on growing surface; Deep ploughing rake a kind of farm tools is carried out in the aforementioned plot of Shi Haofei, and ㎝ is dark for deep ploughing standard 25 ~ 30, then makes 60 ~ 100m
2little furrow, prepare to transplant; In transplanting first 2 days, spray with 48% trifluralin ec, 500 times of liquid, close before carrying out weeds bud;
Step 8: celery field planting; Field planting seeding row spacing 15 × 15 ㎝, punching degree of depth 5cm, seedling step 5 cultivated is transplanted by every cave 1 ~ 2 strain, and plantation should be shallow unsuitable dark, namely just buries just by root system, lobus cardiacus can not be buried;
Step 9: celery rich water quality management; Water after field planting, keep ground moistening, soil moisture 20% ~ 22%, grows in order to root regeneration, control the water yield after slow seedling to restrain the growth of seedlings, within 7 ~ 10 days, water 1 time, when plant vigorous growth, need moisture supply to want sufficient, frequent maintenance ground moistening, in case celery is hollow, after restraining the growth of seedlings terminates, in conjunction with every 667m that pours water
2impose urea 15kg; When planting height at about 20cm, every 667m
2impose urea 15kg, as height of seedling 45 about ㎝, every 667m
2impose urea 15kg;
Step 10: celery topdresses, intertill and clean tillage; After field planting 7 ~ 10 days, every 667m
2execute once-combined fertile 15kg; When planting high 20 ~ 25 ㎝, every 667m
2execute once-combined fertile 15 ~ 20kg; At the non-Feng Hangqian of plant, carry out artificial intertill and clean tillage in conjunction with each fertilising, remove Huang, sick leaf on plant;
Step 11: celery is gathered; Grow to 55 ~ 60cm can gather when strain is planted, gathered evening, petiole is variable empty, quality declines, and loses value, in recovery process scuppit used to clean, health, pollution-free, with scuppit under celery base portion shovel, remove Lao Ye and Bian Ye, keep plant well complete, fresh, cauline leaf is green, glossy, blade face is clean, specification and size, and mechanical is hindered, without damage by disease and insect, without splitting stem and empty bar;
Step 12: leaf vegetables is sowed; Late September sowing leaf vegetables after shed celery results, carry out presoaking and germinating before sowing and pour water to soil, sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil when soil moisture reaches 15 ~ 18% scatters seeds, shallow hoe 2.5 ~ 3.5 centimetres, seed is buried in soil, furrow face of then raking, when surface soil is slightly dry show money or valuables one carries unintentionally time compacting gently; Autumn leaves dish after planting temperature reduces gradually, and emergence rate is higher, adds that plant strain growth is rapid, and individuality is comparatively large, and need larger standing area, therefore every mu of seeding quantity can be reduced to 3.0 ~ 3.5kg;
Step 13: leaf vegetables field management; When showing native humidity and being less than 14%, need gently to water 1 water, in order to emerging; After seedling grows 2 true leaves, growth rate starts to accelerate, and Ying Qin waters shallow watering, and keeps soil moisture regime; Seedling is the period that the number of sheets and Ye Chong increase sharply simultaneously after growing 4 ~ 5 true leaves, starts to use quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer with pouring water; According to plant strain growth situation, topdress again afterwards 1 ~ 2 time; In vegetative period, should strengthen booth ventilating management according to weather temperature variations, daytime ventilates, but will reduce ventilating opening, and temperature closes air port lower than when 14 DEG C;
Step 14: leaf vegetables is gathered in the crops; To gather in late December to January leaf vegetables.
In the present embodiment, the Potato Cultivars in step 2 is the one in Favorita, No. 10, middle potato, peaceful No. 10, potato.
In the present embodiment, the medicament that step 6 rotation is used alternatingly has Du Pont's gram dew, metalaxyl-mn-zn, Pu Like, An Ke, presses down soon only.
In the present embodiment, in step 5 celery kind be that texts and pictures draw, California king, one or more in French queen.
In the present embodiment, leaf vegetables described in step 12 ~ step 14 is spinach; Sowed before September 26, select round leaf spinach kind, sowed after September 26, select round leaf spinach kind or sharp leaf Spinach Varieties.
In the present embodiment, in step 13, quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer is the one in urea, ammonium sulfate, carbonic hydroammonium.
Claims (6)
1. a multiple cropping method for shed Early cropping potato, celery, leaf vegetables, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
Step one: in good time build canopy; Complete before last year, soil was freeze-up shed build and whole, mid or late Febuary covers canopy film, improves temperature of shed;
Step 2: potato vernalization is sowed; Select the Early maturity Potato Cultivars of 55 ~ 70 days breeding times, prepare in early March sowing, carried out vernalization first 20 days of sowing time;
Step 3: potato heavy dressing base manure; On the basis of autumn fertilising, in conjunction with the every 666.7m in whole ground before sowing
2base executes decomposed manure 2000kg, diammonium phosphate 15kg, urea 10kg, potassium sulfate 5kg; Adopt wide row high ridge film-covering planting mode, first by above-mentioned broadcast application in soil surface, then use small-size rotary tiller wholely, artificial ridging overlay film, dibbling of then punching, ridge face width 60cm, the wide 40cm of furrow, ridge height 30cm, every ridge kind two row, line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 26 ~ 28cm, seed level 20cm, every 666.7m
2strain number 4700 ~ 5000 strain;
Step 4: epidemic disaster and topdressing in regulation and control shed; Germination period observe soil moisture, soil water-containing quantity not sufficient 14% ~ 16% needs Supplement irrigation, after pouring water 3 days, to intertill during antecedent soil moisture loosen the soil, weeding; Seedling Stage keeps room temperature at 16 ~ 20 DEG C, observes thermometer when every morning 9, when room temperature reaches 22 DEG C, opens air port cooling immediately; At the every 666.7m of Seedling Stage
2impose urea 8kg, apply in two strain potato centre wooden sticks or soil hole puncher punching before pouring water, punching be highly ridge high 1/2, apply fertilizer terminate after, pour water immediately, water irrigating depth is 1/2 of the furrow degree of depth and must floods fertilizer applying hole, but 2/3 of the furrow degree of depth can not be exceeded, pour water 2 ~ 4 times, poured water once every 8 ~ 12 days, carry out intertill and clean tillage during 3 ~ 4 days antecedent soil moistures after pouring water, increase soil permeability; Tuber initiation stage keeps soil temperature 16 ~ 21 DEG C, room temperature 18 ~ 21 DEG C, 30 points of observation thermometers when every morning 8, when room temperature reaches 18 DEG C, opens air port cooling immediately, gives mulch film earthing 2 ~ 3cm simultaneously, to play the effect reducing soil temperature; The stem tuber rise period will make soil temperature control within the scope of 16 ~ 21 DEG C, and by opening air port cooling all day to increase day and night temperature, the soil temperature difference reaches more than 13 DEG C and is advisable round the clock;
Step 5: celery nursery; Selection petiole is long, solid, crude fiber content is few, the celery kind of high yield strong stress resistance, resistance to bolting, first its seed is put in seed soaking sterilization in the water of 50 ~ 55 DEG C before vernalization, continuous stirring, seed is heated evenly, abundant absorption moisture, take out after 20 minutes, be put in cold water and continue seed soaking, after 16 ~ 24 hours, rub 2 ~ 3 times with hand, remove the ghost floated on the surface, rinse with clear water after flat grain, seed is taken out, and drop water purification divides, binding up with gauze and be placed in vernalization under 20 ~ 22 DEG C of conditions, can sow when there being the seed of 70% to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
Culture facility selects greenhouse by solar heat or Small plastic shed, and every square metre applies decomposed manure 20 ㎏ ~ 30 ㎏, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 100g, adds carbendazim 50g, and the little furrow that 1m ~ 1.2m is wide made by thin rake of turning over;
Prepare nursery mid-April, first water of revealing the exact details watered to alternative plot, until water ooze lower after, ground is flattened, by after the seed of airing and a small amount of fine sand or wet soil Homogeneous phase mixing during sowing, broadcasts sowing in seedbed, cover fine earth 0.5 ㎝ thick, then covering with plastic film, throws off mulch film after emerging, and keeps seedbed moistening, 2 days prior to seeding, spray with 48% trifluralin ec, 500 times of liquid, close before carrying out weeds bud, prevent weed growth;
Seedling stage, room temperature controlled between 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, soil moisture controls 18% ~ 20%, moisturizing, in fine day morning, sprays 0.2% urea water, once every 10 ~ 15 days later after neat seedling, carry out thinning when seedling grows to two panels true leaf, spacing 1cm, carry out 1 ~ 2 thinning more later, make spacing reach about 2 ㎝, water after thinning;
Step 6: potato early, the control of late blight; Spray pharmacy control is started to coming into bloom pregnant flower bud, every 7 ~ 10 days spray pharmacies once, spray pharmacy 3 ~ 4 times altogether; Various medicament rotation is used alternatingly, and to improve control efficiency, avoids developing immunity to drugs;
Step 7: potato harvest and site preparation and fertilization; Potato harvest stops watering for first 10 days, makes potato skin aging further; , more yellow field yellow by potato haulm is gathered in the crops successively, classification pack transport;
Site preparation and fertilization is carried out, every 667m after potato harvest
2apply farmyard manure 5000 ㎏ become thoroughly decomposed, phosphate fertilizer 100kg, diammonium phosphate 30 ~ 50 ㎏, urea 20kg, be evenly sprinkling upon on growing surface; Deep ploughing rake a kind of farm tools is carried out in the aforementioned plot of Shi Haofei, and ㎝ is dark for deep ploughing standard 25 ~ 30, then makes 60 ~ 100m
2little furrow, prepare to transplant; In transplanting first 2 days, spray with 48% trifluralin ec, 500 times of liquid, close before carrying out weeds bud;
Step 8: celery field planting; Field planting seeding row spacing 15 × 15 ㎝, punching degree of depth 5cm, seedling step 5 cultivated is transplanted by every cave 1 ~ 2 strain, and plantation should be shallow unsuitable dark;
Step 9: celery rich water quality management; Water after field planting, keep ground moistening, soil moisture 20% ~ 22%, control the water yield after slow seedling and restrain the growth of seedlings, within 7 ~ 10 days, water 1 time, when plant vigorous growth, need moisture supply to want sufficient, keep ground moistening, after restraining the growth of seedlings terminates, in conjunction with every 667m that pours water
2impose urea 15kg; When planting height at about 20cm, every 667m
2impose urea 15kg, as height of seedling 45 about ㎝, every 667m
2impose urea 15kg;
Step 10: celery topdresses, intertill and clean tillage; After field planting 7 ~ 10 days, every 667m
2execute once-combined fertile 15kg; When planting high 20 ~ 25 ㎝, every 667m
2execute once-combined fertile 15 ~ 20kg; At the non-Feng Hangqian of plant, carry out artificial intertill and clean tillage in conjunction with each fertilising, remove Huang, sick leaf on plant;
Step 11: celery is gathered; Grow to 55 ~ 60cm can gather when strain planted, in recovery process scuppit used to clean, health, pollution-free, with scuppit under celery base portion shovel, remove Lao Ye and Bian Ye, keep plant well complete, fresh, cauline leaf is green, glossy, blade face is clean, specification and size, and mechanical is hindered, without damage by disease and insect, without splitting stem and empty bar;
Step 12: leaf vegetables is sowed; Late September sowing leaf vegetables after shed celery results, carry out presoaking and germinating before sowing and pour water to soil, sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil when soil moisture reaches 15 ~ 18% scatters seeds, shallow hoe 2.5 ~ 3.5 centimetres, seed is buried in soil, furrow face of then raking, when surface soil is slightly dry show money or valuables one carries unintentionally time compacting gently; Every mu of seeding quantity can be reduced to 3.0 ~ 3.5kg;
Step 13: leaf vegetables field management; When showing native humidity and being less than 14%, need gently to water 1 water, after seedling grows 2 true leaves, growth rate starts to accelerate, and Ying Qin waters shallow watering, and keeps soil moisture regime; After seedling grows 4 ~ 5 true leaves, start to use quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer with pouring water; Topdress again afterwards 1 ~ 2 time; In vegetative period, daytime ventilates, but will reduce ventilating opening, and temperature closes air port lower than when 14 DEG C;
Step 14: leaf vegetables is gathered in the crops; To gather in late December to January leaf vegetables.
2. the multiple cropping method of shed Early cropping potato as claimed in claim 1, celery, leaf vegetables, is characterized in that: the Potato Cultivars in step 2 is the one in Favorita, No. 10, middle potato, peaceful No. 10, potato.
3. the multiple cropping method of shed Early cropping potato as claimed in claim 1, celery, leaf vegetables, is characterized in that: the medicament that step 6 rotation is used alternatingly has Du Pont's gram dew, metalaxyl-mn-zn, Pu Like, An Ke, presses down soon only.
4. the multiple cropping method of shed Early cropping potato as claimed in claim 1, celery, leaf vegetables, is characterized in that: in step 5 celery kind be that texts and pictures draw, California king, one or more in French queen.
5. the multiple cropping method of shed Early cropping potato as claimed in claim 1, celery, leaf vegetables, is characterized in that: leaf vegetables described in step 12 ~ step 14 is spinach; Sowed before September 26, select round leaf spinach kind, sowed after September 26, select round leaf spinach kind or sharp leaf Spinach Varieties.
6. the multiple cropping method of shed Early cropping potato as claimed in claim 1, celery, leaf vegetables, is characterized in that: in step 13, quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer is the one in urea, ammonium sulfate, carbonic hydroammonium.
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