A kind of breeding method of spring flower cabbage, summer Lettuce and autumn youth-and-old-age
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding method of crops, more particularly to a kind of spring flower cabbage, summer Lettuce and autumn one hundred days
The breeding method of grass, belongs to field of plant variety breeding technology.
Background technology
Cauliflower, also known as cauliflower, cauliflower or cauliflower, are a kind of brassicaceous vegetables, are the mutation of wild cabbage.Preserved egg spends coconut palm
Dish is compact with its plant type, and growth period is short, and bouquet is loose, scape length, edible with the tender bud of fertilizer and scape, and bud and scape are emerald green
U.S., meat is tender and crisp, and local flavor is fragrant and sweet, nutritious, rich in vitamin A, B, C, E, protein, anthocyanidin, a variety of battalion such as mineral matter
Part is formed, there is that stomach invigorating is aid digestion, cancer-resisting substance is high, is a kind of delicious high-quality, high-grade function with health care perfect adaptation
Type green vegetables.Naked oats Lepidium composite family, lettuce platymiscium.Alias naked oats dish, is called bitter dish, romaine lettuce, is using tender tip, tender leaf as production
The sharp blade profile Leaf lettuce of product, blade is in long lanceolar, and color and luster pale green, quality be tender and crisp, mouthfeel is extremely fresh and tender, delicate fragrance, with only
Special local flavor, containing a large amount of vitamin As, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and a large amount of calcium, iron, etc. nutritional ingredient, high temperature resistant, moisture-proof
By force, yielding ability is good, is the top grade in salad vegetable.Youth-and-old-age, annual herb is famous ornamental plant, and one hundred days showy flowers of herbaceous plants is big
Color is gorgeous, and drought of blooming, the florescence is long, the garden-variety for having single-lobe, polyphyll, leaf roll, wrinkle leaf and various different colours.Planted all over China
Training is very wide, available for flower bed, flower border, lace.Youth-and-old-age strong adaptability, easily cultivation, cost are low, produce effects fast, environmental benefit is good,
In the utilization of flowers landscape, with very important status, stronger heat resistance.In recent years, youth-and-old-age turns into China city
The main landscape plant in autumn.The domestic and international demand to one hundred days grass seed is also presented is significantly increased trend year by year.Three of the above
Plant is typically using separately plantation, and land use rate is low, ecological and low in economic efficiency.
The content of the invention
The technical problem of solution:The defect existed for prior art, the invention provides a kind of spring flower cabbage, summer naked oats
Dish and the breeding method of autumn youth-and-old-age, improve land use rate, increase ecology and economic benefit.
Technical scheme:The breeding method of a kind of spring flower cabbage, summer Lettuce and autumn youth-and-old-age, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: spring flower cabbage seeding and seedling raising mid-January, mid-February, transplant planting, was harvested at the beginning of 5 months;
Step 2: after after spring flower cabbage harvest home, summer mid-May Lettuce is attacked a vital point live through vernalization, is harvested at the beginning of 7 months;
Step 3: after after summer Lettuce harvest home, field planting mid-July of autumn youth-and-old-age starts to harvest seed mid-October,
First frost is harvested temporarily.
The cauliflower from precocity, compact plant type, preserved egg, scape length, it is tender and crisp, can appropriateness dense planting, yield it is high, disease-resistant
Kind celebrating agriculture green grass or young crops stalk 50;The Lettuce is fragrant from the good kind Thailand of strong stress resistance, yielding ability;The youth-and-old-age selects growing way
Prosperous, heat resistance is strong, the bright red MB-01 of kind early blossoming of florescence length.
During the cauliflower cultivation, using 72 hole disks+nutrition seedlings and soil, it is good that hole tray puts dry, the flat, draining of selection
Physical features, builds simple plastic greenhouse, overlay film insulation;Site preparation, applies decomposed dung 3000kg/667m2, NPK N:P:K(15:15:
15)75kg/667m2, boron fertilizer 0.5kg/667m2, plough and apply down with reference to rake, be well mixed with soil;North-south, row spacing 70cm, ridge is high
15-20cm, furrow width 25cm, furrow ditch depth 10-15cm;The 1 row cauliflower of each cultivation at away from furrow side 20cm, spacing in the rows 35cm plants 2 altogether per ridge
Row cauliflower, takes Small plastic shed, cover film;When temperature gets warm again after a cold spell, urea 5kg/667m is imposed21 time, pour and apply with water, in time intertillage
Loosen the soil, keep soil moisture, promote cauliflower normal growth and development;Rosette state, 1 fertilizer of heading stage each heavy dressing, per 667m2Impose
Urea 20-25kg+ NPKs N:P:K(15:15:15)15kg;Per 667m2If 1 black light lamp, noctuid class pest is trapped and killed;
First spray elongation, when bouquet is loose, you can harvesting, bag listing;Field cauliflower plant and residual blade are removed, deep ploughing is shone
Turn up soil.
During the Lettuce cultivation, decomposed dung 3000kg/667m is applied before site preparation2, NPK N:P:K(15:15:
15)100kg/667 m2, plough and apply down with reference to rake, be well mixed with soil, be that plant growth creates good conditions;Vernalization, first will
Seed soaks 4-6h with clear water, then picks up and drains, loading is bound up with gauze, is put into 15-20 DEG C of refrigerator, rinses 1 time daily,
Through 2-4 days, about 80-85% buddings;Bunch planting, cave depth 1-2cm, hill spacing 20-25cm, per 2, cave, cover thickness 1cm matrix, often
667m210000-14000 caves, broadcasting latter 3-4 days to emerge;Thinning during 2 leaf, per 1, cave;Punching of being watered during 5-6 leaves, which is applied, carries seed manure
Per 667m2Urea 15kg, heavy dressing promotees a fertilizer per 667m during 10 leaf2Urea 30kg, strengthens rich water quality management, gives adequate water, promotes
Plant fast-growth, improves the quality of blade;Vegetable plot surrounding hangs up yellow plate, traps and kills aphid, per 20-30m2Place 1 piece;About 15
Harvesting can be started during leaf, generally carry out, will fully grow up, abundant and tender and crisp green blade is cut off with knife in the morning,
3-4 is bundled into a branch of, bag listing.
During the youth-and-old-age cultivation, per 667m2Crop field needs the m of seedbed 202, pour permeable after the leveling of seedbed, then seed
Uniform be sprinkling upon covers the thick Nutrition Soils of 1cm again on seedbed, after planting keep being capped sunshade net on ground moistening, seedbed, favorably
In moisturizing, sunshade net is thrown off after emerging, is watered in good time according to seedbed soil moisture content, thinning when seedling grows 3 true leaves;Lettuce is harvested
Remove Lettuce plant and residual blade in time afterwards and plough deeply before solarization ground, site preparation per 667m2Apply decomposed dung 3000kg/667m2,
The company of making furrow width 1.5m furrow ridge is in case field planting;Leaf age has 5-6 leaf transplant plantings, and 3 rows, line-spacing 0.4m, spacing in the rows are planted per ridge
0.35m, transplants 4000 plants/667m2, root band soil, pours permeable after cultivation during transplanting, imposes 1 loose stool water after plant work, has 7-
During 8 leaf, major branch top is played pinching to promote the generation of branch;About 32 days bouquets of blooming are brown, seed also it is brown simultaneously
It is slightly exposed to pluck, harvested 1 time every 3-4 days later, continuously adopt 5-6 times, during lower first frost, gathered in simultaneously together with bouquet,
After-ripening deviates from seed after drying, and air-dries selected storage.
Beneficial effect:The present invention 1 year three batches of breeding spring flower cabbage, summer Lettuce and autumn youth-and-old-age on one piece of farmland, and
And crops for rotation linking arrange on relatively rationally, spring flower cabbage lists at the beginning of 5 months, exactly vegetables dull season, can effectively fill up the spring lack, the summer
Lettuce is heat-resisting, moisture-proof, pest and disease damage are few, and growth is quick, can effectively fill up volt and lack, enrich civic vegetables-basket;1 year three batches it is every
667m2The output value increases income more than 40%, remarkable in economical benefits up to more than 14000 yuan compared with Two crops a year cultivation;Reduce fertilizer application amount
Or without chemical fertilizer, from disease-resistant variety, the time of infertility hardly uses agricultural chemicals, bio-diversity has been strengthened, insect pest is dropped significantly
Low, youth-and-old-age stalk crushing and returning, cultivate soil soil moisture content can effectively improve soil physical and chemical property, be the cole vegetables in next season
Dish produces culture fertility, and ecological benefits are notable.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
In January, 2014 in December, 2014 carries out open country spring flower cabbage-summer Lettuce-autumn in Transition In Jurong, Jiangsu white rabbit base
The cultivation of youth-and-old-age breeding, 70 mu of area.Cauliflower is from precocity, compact, disease-resistant plant type, scape length, loose, tender and crisp, yield
High kind celebrating agriculture green grass or young crops stalk 50(Buy in market), Lettuce kind Thailand perfume(Buy in market), youth-and-old-age kind early blossoming is bright red
MB-01(Japan introduces).
First, cauliflower is cultivated
(1)Hole plate seedling growth:Cauliflower used 72 hole disks, nutrition seedlings and soil January 15(Pin Shi vegetables special nutrient soils,
Buy in market), selection physical features drying, flat, draining is good, build simple plastic greenhouse, overlay film insulation, then puts hole tray.
(2)Site preparation and fertilization:November 10, site preparation, applied decomposed dung 3000kg/667m2, NPK N:P:K(15:
15:15)75kg/667m2, boron fertilizer 0.5kg/667m2Trace element fertilizer, ploughs with reference to rake and applies down, be well mixed with soil.
(3)Paddle culture:Made north-south, row spacing 70cm, the high 15-20cm in ridge, furrow width 25cm, furrow ditch depth 10- on January 25
15cm。
(4)Field planting:The 18 days 2 months 1 row cauliflowers of each cultivation at away from furrow side 20cm, spacing in the rows 35cm plants 2 rows flower coconut palm per ridge altogether
Dish, takes Small plastic shed, cover film.
(5)Field management:When March 5, daily temperature got warm again after a cold spell, urea 5kg/667m is imposed21 time, pour and apply with water, in time intertillage pine
Soil, keeps soil moisture, promotes cauliflower normal growth and development;Applied urea 20kg+ NPKs N on March 25:P:K(15:
15:15)15kg1 times;Applied urea 20kg+ NPKs N on April 10:P:K(15:15:15)15kg1 times, per 667m2If 1
Small cup black light lamp, traps and kills noctuid class pest.
(6)Temperature treatment:Overlay film:Small plastic shed film, when weather forecast temperature is less than 15 DEG C, two ventilation on daytime, night
Cover film;Half overlay film:15-20 DEG C of weather forecast temperature, takes off film daytime, and night covers film;Not overlay film:Weather is pre-
Report temperature more than 20 DEG C, take off film, grow naturally.
(7)Harvest:Spray at the beginning of May 4 extends, when bouquet is loose, starts harvesting, bag listing, harvests cauliflower
4000kg, 1.5 yuan/kg of wholesale market price, economic benefit is up to 6000 yuan/667m2, May 10 remove field cauliflower plant and
Blade is remained, deep ploughing is suned the earth which has been ploughed up.
2nd, Lettuce is cultivated
(1)Site preparation and fertilization:Removed field cauliflower plant and residual blade on May 10, deep ploughing is suned the earth which has been ploughed up, applies and become thoroughly decomposed before site preparation
Barnyard manure 3000kg/667m2, NPK N:P:K(15:15:15)100kg/667 m2, plough and apply down with reference to rake, mixed with soil
Uniformly, it is that plant growth creates good conditions.
(2)Vernalization:Seed is first soaked 4-6h by May 13 with clear water, is then picked up and is drained, loading is bound up with gauze, is put into
In 15-20 DEG C of refrigerator, rinse daily 1 time, 4 days, about 80-85% buddings.
(3)Sowing:Bunch planting on May 17, cave depth 1-2cm, hill spacing about 20cm, per 2, cave, cover thickness 1cm matrix, often
667m214000 caves, emerge for 3 days after broadcasting.
(4)Field management:Seedling during May 28 2 leaves, per 1, cave;The punching of watering of 6 leaf phases of June 12 applies that to carry seed manure every
667m2Urea 15kg, 10 leaf phases heavy dressing on June 25 promotees a fertilizer per 667m2Urea 30kg, strengthens rich water quality management, gives sufficient water
Point, promote plant fast-growth, improve the quality of blade.
(5)Pest control:Lettuce insect pest is mainly aphid, and yellow plate is hanged up against vegetable plot surrounding, traps and kills aphid, per 20-
30m2Place 1 piece.
(6)Harvesting:Harvesting can be started during about 15 leaves of summer Lettuce, generally carried out in the morning, will fully be grown up, abundant
And tender and crisp green blade is cut off with knife, 3-4 is bundled into a branch of, bag listing, harvests Lettuce 1500kg, market price
2.2 yuan/kg, economic benefit is up to 3300 yuan/667m2。
3rd, youth-and-old-age is cultivated
(1)Nursery:Nursery in youth-and-old-age June 20, per 667m2Crop field needs the m of seedbed 202, pour permeable after the leveling of seedbed, then
Seed is uniformly sprinkling upon and covers the thick Nutrition Soils of 1cm on seedbed again, after planting keeps being capped sunshade on ground moistening, seedbed
Net, is conducive to moisturizing, and sunshade net is thrown off after emerging, and is watered in good time according to seedbed soil moisture content, and July 10, seedling grew 3 true leaf times
Seedling 1 time.
(2)Site preparation and fertilising:Harvest July 15 and removed Lettuce plant and residual blade after Lettuce in time and plough deeply
Shine before ground, site preparation per 667m2Apply decomposed dung 3000kg/667m2, the company of making furrow width 1.5m furrow ridge is in case field planting.
(3)Field planting and field management:July 20, leaf age tool 5-6 leaf transplant plantings, 3 rows, line-spacing 0.4m, spacing in the rows were planted per ridge
0.35m, transplants 4000 plants/667m2, root band soil, pours permeable after cultivation during transplanting, and July 28 imposed 1 loose stool after plant work
Water, during August youth-and-old-age 8 leaf of tool on the 12nd, major branch top is played pinching to promote the generation of branch.
(4)Collect seed:Youth-and-old-age September flower at the beginning of 18 days, the bouquet that October 24 bloomed earliest is brown, seed also it is brown simultaneously
Slightly exposed, band 5-6cm scape is manually plucked for the first time, was harvested 1 time, is continuously adopted 5-6 times, November 18 every 3-4 days later
Lower first frost, is gathered in simultaneously together with bouquet, after-ripening 3 days, and seed is deviate from after drying, air-dried selected, is fitted into bag and is preserved, harvests seed
90kg/667m2, 55 yuan/kg of procurement price, the m of economic benefit 5000 yuan/6672。
1 year three batches of every 667m2The output value increases income more than 40%, economic benefit shows up to more than 14000 yuan compared with Two crops a year cultivation
Write.Spring flower cabbage-summer Lettuce-three batches of autumn youth-and-old-age breeding 1 year, reduces fertilizer application amount or without chemical fertilizer, from disease-resistant
Kind, the time of infertility hardly uses agricultural chemicals, bio-diversity has been strengthened, insect pest is substantially reduced, youth-and-old-age straw crushing is also
Field, cultivate soil soil moisture content, can effectively improve soil physical and chemical property, be the cabbage vegetable production culture fertility in next season, ecological
Remarkable benefit.Spring flower cabbage lists at the beginning of 5 months, exactly vegetables dull season, can effectively fill up the spring lack, summer Lettuce is heat-resisting, moisture-proof, disease pest
Evil is few, and growth is quick, can effectively fill up volt and lack, enrich civic vegetables-basket.