Background technology
Limonium sinense (Limonium aureum (L.) Hill.), claims again Herba Limonii Gmelinii with yellow flower, is Plumbaginaceae Limonnium, perennial herb.The value of exploiting and utilizing of Limonium sinense comprises: (1) ornamental value.The characteristics such as Limonium sinense plant has that the florescence is long, flower is tiny, the gorgeous U.S. of pattern, plant (comprising scape) are short, are easy to build colony's view beautiful in colour in urban afforestation, very beautiful grand when in full bloom in flakes.Its corolla is membranous, tough and tensile flexible, although be fresh flower, touch petal, leaf and scape and have dry sensation, because its plant corpus contains silicic acid, so although dry tack free, but petal can witheredly can not fade yet, the color character of flower in the time of can keeping fresh state; Cane water content is also lower, is difficult for wilting, and the time of viewing and admiring is long.Even if its plant is in heaven even withered, but they still spend full end of the branch, do not wither, the spray retention time can be that material and dried flower are joined in rare flower arrangement for several years, and ornamental value is high.(2) value of checking winds and fixing drifting sand.Limonium sinense is the good plant of checking winds and fixing drifting sand, to liquid manure, require not tight, extremely drought-resistant barren, soil and gravel matter sandy soil, the various arid soil in loess plateau and sand ground in slight salinization of soil all can finely be grown, it is one of important indigenous plant of loess plateau arid biogeographic zone and Desert Regions, because it mainly adopts natural seeding breeding, continue not wane, the effect of the quilt that can play perennial root draft.Can reduce wind speed near the ground, strengthen soil cohesion, improve local subenvironment, fixing soil, is one of desert area pionner, has important effect and value to checking winds and fixing drifting sand.(3) drought-resistant anti-saline and alkaline value.Limonium sinense outstanding feature is extremely drought-resistant and anti-saline and alkaline, and its wild habitat is mainly arid loess plateau and barren desert or Gobi desert, and higher grassy marshland and the desert of some salinization and alkalization.Limonium sinense is to secrete salt plant, and it has typical anti-saline and alkaline, the drought-resistant salt physiological structure of secreting, extremely strong to the adaptability of adverse circumstances.(4) medicinal value.Limonium sinense has high medical value, and medicinal part comprises root and flower; Medicinal function mainly contains anti-inflammatory, invigorate blood circulation, stop blooding, enrich blood and the function such as anticancer; Can control hypertension, neuralgia, toothache, flu, tinnitus and sore furuncle carbuncle swollen etc.; Also contain and can be used as in a large number raw material and the compound that medical industry is used, thereby there is very high medicinal exploitation value.(5) other value.Limonium sinense is the indispensable forage plant in area, grassland, arid desert, and its florescence is long, blooms many, and secrete nectar is abundant, can be used as nectariferous plant summer and autumn.In addition, also can be used for garden and view and admire or intersperse in lawn, or plant as fringing for the edge of flower bed, also can be with rock, artificial hillock, sculpture etc. in conjunction with utilization.It is perennial root flowers, do not need frequent replacing, and maintenance requirement is lower.This flower also has the effect of trapping and killing flies, is natural fly eradication flower.
Limonium sinense is mainly by seminal propagation, and seed production is lower, and the maturing stage is inconsistent.China not yet implements the safeguard measure to Limonium sinense at present.Limonium sinense, because its pattern is gorgeous lasting, suffers very large destruction in many areas.Scattered distribution is economized in the North China of Gai Zhongjin China, northwest etc., and quantity is also few, the rarely found distribution to this plant community in southern province, and Limonium sinense wild germplasm resource is mainly in the state that runs its course at present.The method of existing only a few plantation Limonium sinense adopts the planting technology of crops more, is not suitable for Limonium sinense plantation, emerge and survival rate extremely low.Great majority adopt the method for growing seedlings and transplanting, and this kind of method is not only time-consuming but also require great effort.And Limonium sinense is wild draft, barren-resistant, drought-enduring, cold-resistant is very competent.
Summary of the invention
The film-covering planting method that the object of this invention is to provide a kind of Limonium sinense.
In order to realize the object of the invention, the film-covering planting method of a kind of Limonium sinense of the present invention, the processing of deep ploughing before sowing, meticulous whole ground, it is 20cm that artificial or machinery is done ridge bottom width, ridge top width is 30cm, ridge height is the ridge of 10cm, the mixed-matrix that at the bottom of ridge, attached a layer thickness is 2-3cm (river sand: vermiculite: rural area soil=1: 1: 2, weight ratio), Limonium sinense seed through pre-treatment is sown in matrix equably, then cover the soil that sieves that a layer thickness is 0.5-1.0cm above, then suppression, then adopting width is the plastic mulching of 75cm, make suppression after soil layer and film between keep 5-7cm space.
If soil is too dry before sowing, can irrigate in right amount, 5-10d after cotyledon is unearthed, removes overlay film, pulls up weeds; After true leaf grows 3-6 sheet, loosening soil, weeding, the conventional field management of row.
Aforesaid implantation methods, the optimum temperature that Limonium sinense is emerged is 25 ℃, best soil water content is 34.8%.
Aforesaid implantation methods, processes soil before sowing, makes soil conservation neutrality or meta-alkalescence.
Aforesaid implantation methods, the pre-treating method of Limonium sinense seed is: Limonium sinense seed is put into culture dish, 8% sulfuric acid solution that adds wherein 10 times of seed weights, stir evenly, add a cover, standing 24 hours, then water rinsed 5-6 time repeatedly, the even spreading of seed, on filter paper, is dried naturally.
The present invention be take and in Lanzhou, carried out for many years Limonium sinense domesticating and cultivating research as basis, and the field cultivation experience of enriching of take is guidance, can improve effectively, significantly Limonium sinense emergence rate and survival rate.
Embodiment
Following examples are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.If do not specialize, the conventional means that in embodiment, technological means used is well known to those skilled in the art, the raw materials used commercial goods that is.
The film-covering planting method of embodiment 1 Limonium sinense
The Limonium sinense culture technique that the present embodiment provides, can improve that Limonium sinense is emerged and survival rate.Concrete grammar is as follows:
1, the pre-treatment of Limonium sinense seed
Before sowing, Limonium sinense seed is carried out to pre-treatment, concrete grammar is: Limonium sinense seed is put into culture dish, 8% sulfuric acid solution that adds wherein 10 times of seed weights, stirs evenly, and adds a cover, standing 24 hours, then water rinses 5-6 time repeatedly, and the even spreading of seed, on filter paper, is dried naturally.
2, selection of land and whole ground
Limonium sinense requires not tight to soil fertility, barrenr gravelly soil, sandy soil all can be grown.Sowing ground selects to take sandy soil or sandy loam as main, soil neutral or meta-alkalescence, and salt content is slightly heavily conducive to growing of plant.Limonium sinense is because seed is less, pushes up native ability poor, so the artificial planting processing of first will deep ploughing.Secondly, Limonium sinense is suitable grows on mild or moderate saline land, so will carry out soil treatment to some acid ground.Because Limonium sinense seedling growth is extremely slow, be subject to weeds and corrode, the processing of deep ploughing before broadcasting, will carry out weeds elimination and meticulous smooth during whole ground.
3, the sowing time
Limonium sinense requires not tight to the sowing time, can spring sowing, summer sowing and autumn sowing.In China Lanzhou, all can sow for 4~October.10 days left and right germination and emergences of Limonium sinense under normal condition, the rear blade of emerging tiling earth's surface, bolting during general 10~25 blades.Spring, sowing can be blossomed and beared fruit then, planted in fall can grow 5~15 leaves during to the Beginning of Winter, bolting or have indivedual boltings not bloom not, blade is withered gradually by the end of November, root system dormancy is survived the winter, and Second Year germination in March is turned green, ramp very fast boltings after 4 month temperatures go up, be initial bloom stage mid-May, and June, petal launched to enter full-bloom stage.
4, seeding quantity
Limonium sinense drilling 20-25g/ mu is 5-10g during bunch planting 4000 cave/mu.Broadcast sowing and can increase to 45g/ mu.Generally take drilling and bunch planting as main.Seed buries darker, and germination rate is lower, and when buried depth is 0.5-1.0cm, seed germination rate and emergence rate are the highest, drill spacing 50~100cm.
5, type of seeding
The impact of 5.1 different temperatures on Limonium sinense germination rate
Sexual propagation is the effective means of germ plasm resource preservation, improvement, rejuvenation, therefore needs to be grasped the seed sprouting characteristic of Limonium sinense.
In culture dish, spread filter paper, with distilled water, soak filter paper, every ware is evenly put 100 seeds, and germination test is carried out in 5 repetitions in climatic cabinate.The method of taking alternating temperature round the clock to process, arranges different temperature in daytime and is respectively: 10 ℃, 15-20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30-35 ℃, relative air humidity is 70%.
The impact of table 1 different temperatures on Limonium sinense seed sprouting
As can be seen from Table 1, emerging of Limonium sinense has substantial connection with temperature.The germination rate of seed improves with the increase of temperature.Temperature germination rate in the time of 25 ℃ is the highest.
5.2 impacts of different soils water content on Limonium sinense emergence rate
Get 5 large porcelain dishes, the inside is spread soil equably, and (ratio of soil is river sand: vermiculite: rural area soil=1:1:2, weight ratio), make each porcelain dish soil weight identical, then water permeablely, floating with rastellus rake pine after parching, each disk is respectively sowed 50, Limonium sinense seed, by control, water the water yield and control its soil moisture content (note: soil moisture content is measured with TZS-1 soil nmoisture content analyser, fathoms as 0-5cm under earth's surface).After seed sprouting ten days, add up the number of emerging, calculating mean value.(Fig. 1)
When as can be seen from Figure 1, the number of emerging of Limonium sinense raises with soil moisture content, be unimodal curve.When soil average moisture content is 34.8%, occur peak value, the number of on average emerging reaches 37 strains; Start subsequently to decline, when soil average moisture content is 41.2%, the number of on average emerging drops to 30 strains.
By above experiment, can be found out, the optimum temperature that Limonium sinense is emerged is 25 ℃, and best soil water content is 34.8%.Therefore the key that, Limonium sinense is emerged is more suitable temp. and humidity.
Limonium sinense is under the suitable condition of temp. and humidity, and seed germination is fast, once i.e. precipitation, seed will very fast imbibition germination and growth seedling.Therefore, Limonium sinense is constantly being realized the self of Limonium sinense group between growth and maturity and continuous shattering.The soil, the temperature and humidity conditions close relation that come off and sprout with different geographical of Limonium sinense group seed.
The film covering method of a kind of Limonium sinense cultivation provided by the invention, comprise the following steps: before broadcasting on the basis on meticulous whole ground, it is 20cm that artificial or machinery is done ridge bottom width, ridge top width is 30cm, ridge height is the ridge of 10cm, the vermiculite of the about 2cm of attached thick layer at the bottom of ridge, fine sand and native mixed-matrix (the river sand: vermiculite: rural area soil=1: 1: 2 that sieves, weight ratio), Limonium sinense seed is sown in matrix uniformly (because of Limonium sinense seed tiny, even for what guarantee to broadcast sowing, suggestion is sowed after seed and soil are mixed by the weight ratio of 1:10 again), then cover the soil that sieves of the about 0.5-1.0cm of thick layer above, rear suppression, then adopt the wide plastic mulching of 75cm, attention is stretching, the space of 5-7cm makes to have an appointment between soil layer after suppression and film, after avoiding emerging, cause burning seedling.
Wherein, overlay film has guaranteed the needed temperature and humidity of Limonium sinense seed sprouting, and in certain degree, has suppressed the growth of weeds.And in matrix below: vermiculite is as nutrition basic unit, for the transplanting of plant with transport advantageous particularly, can effectively promote the growth of root system of plant and the stable growth of seedling, the necessary moisture of plant growth and nutrition are provided for a long time, and can keep the stable of root sunlight temperature.Vermiculite can make crop just can obtain sufficient moisture and mineral matter from early growth period, promotes plant faster growing, increases output.Fine sand is conducive to soil water drainage, and contributes to the growth of the root system of Limonium sinense.
6, management
The sowing ground of spring sowing or summer sowing, prior to seeding, if soil is too dry, can irrigate in right amount, 5~10d after cotyledon is unearthed, under ground portion growth is very fast, and acrial part only has two cotyledons to grow up gradually, now should remove overlay film, and pull up weeds in good time, in order to the growth of seedling.At true leaf, grow after 3~6, in time loosening soil, weeding.Limonium sinense is barren-resistant, does not generally need fertilising, and generally need not water after seedling survives.And in bolting flowering stage, moisture is unsuitable too many, notes water drainage, makes plant Stem growth strong.
Check experiment: by the sowing ridge of overlay film, plant 5 ridges in contrast according to conventional seed planting during sowing, add up emergence rate after 10 days.Conventional seed planting method is the ditch of the dark 3-5cm of trench digging, Limonium sinense seed is sprinkled in ditch equably (because of Limonium sinense seed tiny, in order to guarantee to broadcast sowing evenly, suggestion is sowed after seed and soil are mixed by the weight ratio of 1:10 again), cover the soil layer that one deck 0.3-0.6cm is thick above, suppression.After 10 days, add up emergence rate, the Limonium sinense emergence rate of overlay film can reach 70-80%, and only having of overlay film sporadicly do not emerged, less than 10%.Infer influence factor: (1) does not reach because of the desired hydrothermal condition of Limonium sinense seed germination, because of Lanzhou drought, above overlying soil thin, the sun easily shines thoroughly, moisture loss is large, soil layer thick being unfavorable for emerges.(2) at the bottom of ridge, not processing, is loess, and water drainage property is bad, and moisture adhesion at most, is unfavorable for root growth.(3) the Lanzhou temperature day and night temperature of April is large, is also unfavorable for that it emerges.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.