Background technology
Three leaf vegetables called by Radix Codonopsis, leaf list, smelly Radix Codonopsis, for the perennial climing property herbaceous plant of Campanulaceae, Radix Codonopsis is the herbal medicine that " Chinese Pharmacopoeia " includes, herbal medicine source is Campanulaceae Radix Codonopsis, element flower Radix Codonopsis, or the dry root of radix codonpsis tangshen etc., there is tonifying middle-Jiao and Qi, quench the thirst, invigorating the spleen benefit lung, the functions such as nourishing blood to promote the production of body fluid, modern study, Radix Codonopsis is containing various saccharides, phenols, sterol, volatile oil, scutellarein glucosid, saponin and Alkaloid, there is develop immunitypty, hemangiectasis, step-down, improve microcirculation, strengthen the effects such as hematopoiesis function, in addition the leucocyte caused chemotherapy radiotherapy declines and has castering action.
Radix Codonopsis, because of the place of production and processing method difference, has different trade names.As western party, main product in Gansu, Shanxi, the province such as Sichuan; East party, main product is in northeast each province; The Lushui River party, main product is in the province such as Shanxi, Henan.Wuxi County is positioned at northeast, Chongqing City, and southern foot, Daba Mountain eastern section, place, Gu Cheng Daning County, Wuxi County, is positioned at southern foot, Daba Mountain eastern section, upstream, Daning River.Large slope, domestic mountain is steep, and in length and breadth, the severe cold areas of height above sea level 1500-2500m, cloud and mist curls up, loosing soil, deep fertile, suitable especially Radix Codonopsis growth in river valley.Wuxi to produce " Daning party " Radix Codonopsis be one in radix codonpsis tangshen (C. tangshen Oliv.), its title derives from place of production name (Wuxi County is Daning County in bright state period), botany classification is " bar party ", namely the Radix Codonopsis of Chongqing, Hubei, Shaanxi intersection is originated in, the many strips of its shape, therefore named " bar party ".Wuxi claims " Daning party ", Wushan claims " Wushan party ", " Dan Zhidang ", " bar party ", " mausoleum party ", and Fengjie claims " bar party ".The Daning Radix Codonopsis that is produced from Wuxi, the bright characteristics of unique " the sweet gas of taste is dense, skin and flesh is compact, the slag of chewing is few, nourishing power is strong " is treasure in ginseng, situation of selling well Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and south east asia.
The gentle nice and cool weather of Radix Codonopsis happiness, summer is hot, muggy weather is unfavorable to growing.Radix Codonopsis is different in the requirement of different growth periods to moisture, temperature, sunlight.The preference temperature of seed germination is 18-20 DEG C.The seedling happiness of Radix Codonopsis is cloudy, and the seedling happiness sun of growing up.Sowing time and seedling stage need water more, and soil protection moistening being conducive to emerges.But, can not be too moist after field planting, otherwise easily cause root rot (also referred to as rotten).Root rot is root rot again.Popularity degree and the soil temperature and humidity of disease are closely related, the thick rapid spread that can cause disease such as close of high temperature and rainy, field ponding, tendril.Because germ can accumulate year by year in soil, thus second crop soil morbidity is further serious.
Usually because draining is unfavorable or due to hot and humid and cause the generation of root rot, at south China, this phenomenon is then more obvious.It is generally more in northern area cultivation that this also can be interpreted as any Radix Codonopsis, and the less plantation in southern area.
At present, the place of production of Radix Codonopsis mainly concentrates on northern area, as provinces and regions such as Heilungkiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Gansu.Along with the growth of centering medicinal herbs demand, be necessary the planting range expanding Radix Codonopsis further.But have a humid climate due to southern, and be not suitable for the plantation of Radix Codonopsis, therefore also need to develop a set of method being adapted at south plantation Radix Codonopsis.
Number of patent application be 201310203842.2 patent of invention disclose a kind of cultivation method of Radix Codonopsis, draining is beneficial to particular by mixing appropriate river sand before cultivating, improve soil, and spray Chinese torreyanut and fructus ulmi or betel nut and fructus ulmi leaching liquor to prevent disease in the field planting stage.Number of patent application be 201410192541.9 patent of invention disclose a kind of Cultivation Technique of Codonopsis Pilosula, particularly relate to the method that Radix Codonopsis was introduced a fine variety, cultivated to a kind of In Guangdong Province large area, first basal dressing prior to seeding, plough deeply again and do high furrow wholely afterwards, seed is mixed and stirred equal portions fine sand, be evenly sprinkling upon on furrow face, with bonnet fine earth 1 cm thick, frequent maintenance ground moistening is also improve soil by admixture river sand in the method.Although admixture river sand improves soil can plant Radix Codonopsis, the natural structure of meeting spoiled soil.Application number be 201410107507.7 patent of invention disclose a kind of stereo cultivation method of Radix Codonopsis, concrete steps are as follows: in the region between height above sea level 1200-2000 rice, selection thickness of stand is little, the region of the gradient within 40 °, manual sorting goes out vacant lot, the humus soil gathering earth's surface mounds, and uses soil fungicides disinfection; In autumn and winter season, the humus soil that disinfection is handled well, paving one deck is on vacant lot, and thickness ensures at 15-20 centimetre, and from Radix Codonopsis seedling, gently compacting two and vertical angle that be 70-85 ° is arranged, the Radix Codonopsis seedling at two is symmetrical to interlock; Repeat with this, solid is planted 3-6 layer, and the humus soil that top layer covers is greater than 30 centimetres, and use micro-plastic mulching, epiphragma forward sight humus soil humidity condition waters; After emerging to rupture of membranes, at the outside of seedling branch proping, the support centre branch at two is fixedly connected as cross bar; Management again in process of growth, gathered to ripe picking time.
In the middle of these methods above-mentioned, some adopts admixture river sand to improve soil and makes its suitable planting Radix Codonopsis, some needs to select special plot (such as taking high plot of land), some needs additionally to carry out field management (such as draining, built, extract diseased plant etc.), even needs to apply agricultural chemicals (such as topsin, Tuzet etc.) under more susceptible condition.These methods visible are not only time-consuming but also require great effort.The more important thing is, also cause a large amount of agrochemicals constantly to input farmland, cause harmful chemical by soil and water enrichment in crop, finally damage health.
Therefore, be badly in need of a set of method being adapted at southern establishing in large scale Radix Codonopsis of exploitation at present, and can Pesticide use be reduced, preserve the ecological environment.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide the implantation methods of a kind of Daning Radix Codonopsis, the method improves soil without the need to using river sand etc., without the need to having too much particular/special requirement to plot, and implantation methods of the present invention decreases the dependence of Radix Codonopsis to agricultural chemicals, be suitable for especially planting in southwest.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
The implantation methods of Daning Radix Codonopsis, comprises the step of carrying out as follows:
(1) plough
Carry out first time with treating sowing in first winter then to plough, soil after ploughing is placed and is crossed winter, and treat Second Year early spring, carry out second time and plough, harrowed in soil and carefully rake, 3-5 days prior to seeding, water maintenance ground moistening;
(2) sow
Wait to sow in ground after processing in the step (1) according to the sown of every mu of 1.5-2 kilogram seed the early spring after the seed of Radix Codonopsis and fiery excrement are stirred, obtain Radix Codonopsis seedling the early spring to Second Year; Described fiery excrement is that the soil got containing humus is formed after burning, and the seed of described Radix Codonopsis and the mass ratio of fiery excrement are 1:25-35;
(3) transplant
Railway carriage or compartment is ditched into treating transplanting according to the specification of railway carriage or compartment ditch 28-32 centimetre, the wide 75-85 centimetre in railway carriage or compartment, by the Radix Codonopsis seedling of gained in step (2) in March to late April transplanting to described railway carriage or compartment then, every railway carriage or compartment plants two row Radix Codonopsis, and nest is apart from 30 ± 2 centimeters, and line-spacing is 40 ± 2 centimeters;
(4) field management
Described Radix Codonopsis kind transplantation of seedlings to described railway carriage or compartment is planted, Radix Codonopsis transplant after Second Year after autumn to ripe bud of Radix Codonopsis of gathering at the beginning of the winter, to gather the autumn after 3 years Radix Codonopsis, to the management carrying out water management, fertilizing management, weeding and damage by disease and insect before gathering after transplanting, described weeding must to wait until after autumn that temperature cools off beginning weeding.
Described fiery excrement is that the soil got containing humus is formed after burning, and because seed fragility stirs with fiery excrement, is stirred in together.Fire excrement is sticky has found seed, sows survival rate in the ground high, if survival rate is not high in this way, also just says not to be innovation.The soil gradient of plantation Radix Codonopsis is advisable at 15-20 °, the Season select that first time ploughs is in first winter, because the snow frost in winter can kill worm of falling ill, by the time Second Year early spring, carry out second time again to plough, 3-5 days prior to seeding, water maintenance ground moistening, general standard is " one pinch agglomerating, let go and namely fall apart ".
In existing Radix Codonopsis implantation methods, general every month will carry out repeatedly weeding, and in the method for the invention, do not need to carry out regular weeding, start weeding when only temperature reduces after annual autumn, the method for such weeding has two a little: (1) starts the growth that weeding can not affect Radix Codonopsis after autumn, and such as weeding in summer is high temperature season, the root of the vivid Radix Codonopsis of meeting is impaired, and the survival rate of seed can be caused greatly to reduce; (2) Radix Codonopsis person's character is wild nature; weeds sunshade is needed to keep away the moon; so it could grow smoothly under the protection of weeds; later weeding does not just have these to affect in the fall, but must remove weeds, after in the fall later in the fall; Radix Codonopsis fruit starts the peak period grown; do not remove weeds, weeds can fight for the fertility of soil with Radix Codonopsis, causes Radix Codonopsis output to reduce.
Preferably, the implantation methods of described Daning Radix Codonopsis, in described step (1), carrying out before first time turns over, apply poultry animal manure with sowing to described waiting, every mu applies poultry animal manure 500-800 kilogram.
Preferably, the implantation methods of described Daning Radix Codonopsis, in described step (2), stir with fiery excrement after the seed of described Radix Codonopsis carries out pretreatment, described pretreatment is the seed first adopting interval method for soaking seed process Radix Codonopsis again, described interval method for soaking seed for seed soaking and dew kind alternate, described seed soaking time is 4-8 hour, described dew kind of the time is 2-4 hour, and described seed soaking and dew kind all process three times, and the seed after then being soaked seed at interval is in 30-35 DEG C of vernalization 4-5 days.
Preferably, the implantation methods of described Daning Radix Codonopsis, in described step (2), sowing autumn then, applies fertilizer after field weeding once, every 667 m
2execute urea 10-15kg, phosphate fertilizer 20-25 kg, potassium sulfate 5-8 kg.
Preferably, the implantation methods of described Daning Radix Codonopsis, in described step (3), described in wait before ditching into railway carriage or compartment, first to carry out ash process and rice vinegar water treatment with transplanting; Described ash is treated to 7-10 days before ditching into railway carriage or compartment and evenly sprays with treating transplanting with vegetation buck, described rice vinegar water treatment is evenly spray with treating transplanting with rice vinegar water in 3-5 days after ash process, the preparation method of described vegetation buck is: get ash 8-10 gram, add 500 ml waters, abundant stirring, leaves standstill and filters to obtain vegetation buck after 3-5 hour; The preparation method of described rice vinegar water is: get rice vinegar and add water, and doubly carries out diluting to obtain rice vinegar water according to the volume ratio 1:150-200 of rice vinegar and water; Described vegetation buck fountain height and rice vinegar water fountain height are every mu of 30-50 kilogram.
Preferably, the implantation methods of described Daning Radix Codonopsis, in described step (4), described fertilizing management is transplant rear annual late Febuary to early March, applies fiery excrement 1000-1500kg/667 m
2, annual autumn applies fertilizer once after field weeding, every 667 m
2execute urea 10-15kg, phosphate fertilizer 20-25 kg, potassium sulfate 5-8 kg.
Preferably, the implantation methods of described Daning Radix Codonopsis, in described step (4), the management of described damage by disease and insect sprays vegetation buck for intersection and rice vinegar water carries out prevention and therapy damage by disease and insect.
Preferably, the implantation methods of described Daning Radix Codonopsis, in described step (4), after the ripe luxuriant son of Radix Codonopsis of gathering, burns firewood and carries out sootiness to the ripe luxuriant son of Radix Codonopsis, broadcast out by bud of Radix Codonopsis, take out Radix Codonopsis seed and be used for sowing when Second Year is sowed.The seed that rear First Year Radix Codonopsis stem is tied transplanted by Radix Codonopsis, and can not do the seed of sowing, the seed that must tie for more than 2 years just can be planted.Radix Codonopsis transplant after Second Year, Radix Codonopsis stem at the beginning of summer is born bud come, just can do and kind be called seed after the Nuclear maturity of the inside, by the time after autumn just ripe to this seed at the beginning of the winter, the luxuriant son of ripe rear Radix Codonopsis becomes redness and at this time could collect seed.After harvesting, Radix Codonopsis bud is put into 3.5 to 4.5 Gao Kang buildings, on ground, (0 meter of eminence) often burns firewood, sootiness is carried out to Radix Codonopsis bud, make seed frequent " news " to the smell of bavin cigarette, with special shell machine of broadcasting, bud of Radix Codonopsis is broadcast out when sowing Deng Second Year, take out party's seed to sow, process is conducive to the growing power increasing seed like this.
beneficial effect of the present invention is: the implantation methods of Daning of the present invention Radix Codonopsis, without the need to using river sand etc. to improve soil, without the need to having too much particular/special requirement to plot, and implantation methods of the present invention decreases the dependence of Radix Codonopsis to agricultural chemicals, is suitable for especially planting in southwest; In the present invention, the time of weeding unlike the prior art, in existing Radix Codonopsis implantation methods, general every month will carry out repeatedly weeding, and in the method for the invention, exactly in contrast to the prior art, do not need to carry out regular weeding, only after annual autumn, start weeding, the method of such weeding has two a little: (1) starts the growth that weeding can not affect Radix Codonopsis after autumn, such as weeding in summer is high temperature season, the root of the vivid Radix Codonopsis of meeting is impaired, and the survival rate of seed can be caused greatly to reduce; (2) Radix Codonopsis person's character is wild nature, weeds sunshade is needed to keep away the moon, so it could grow smoothly under the protection of weeds, later weeding does not just have these to affect in the fall, but must remove weeds, after in the fall later in the fall, Radix Codonopsis fruit starts the peak period grown, do not remove weeds, weeds can fight for the fertility of soil with Radix Codonopsis, causes Radix Codonopsis output to reduce; (3) just start weeding after autumn, greatly reduce like this at weeding number of times, decrease manpower labour, labor management cost reduces.
embodiment
Illustrated embodiment is to be described content of the present invention better, but is not that content of the present invention is only limitted to illustrated embodiment.So those of ordinary skill in the art carry out nonessential improvement and adjustment according to foregoing invention content to embodiment, still belong to protection scope of the present invention.
In following examples, the preparation method of described vegetation buck is: get ash 8-10 gram, adds 500 ml waters, fully stirs, and leaves standstill and filters to obtain vegetation buck after 3-5 hour.
The preparation method of described rice vinegar water is: get rice vinegar and add water, and doubly carries out diluting to obtain rice vinegar water according to the volume ratio 1:150-200 of rice vinegar and water.
Described fiery excrement is that the soil got containing humus is formed after burning, and the management of described damage by disease and insect sprays vegetation buck for intersection and rice vinegar water carries out prevention and therapy damage by disease and insect.Concrete grammar is: a certain period of damage by disease and insect high-incidence season, carry out the prevention of damage by disease and insect, vegetation buck and rice vinegar water is regularly used to spray in turn, maybe when certain damage by disease and insect appears in the Radix Codonopsis of planting, after sprinkling vegetation buck is treated, that just adopts rice vinegar water to spray when there is certain damage by disease and insect more next time, i.e. vegetation buck and rice vinegar water cross-reference.
The sowing related in following examples seed used is the seed obtained after carrying out sootiness process if no special instructions.
embodiment 1
The plantation of Daning Radix Codonopsis is carried out in accordance with the following steps:
(1) plough
Carry out first time with treating sowing in first winter then to plough, soil after ploughing is placed and is crossed winter, and treat Second Year early spring, carry out second time and plough, harrowed in soil and carefully rake, 3-5 days prior to seeding, water maintenance ground moistening;
(2) sow
Wait to sow in ground after processing in the step (1) according to the sown of every mu of 1.5 kilograms of seeds the early spring after the seed of Radix Codonopsis and fiery excrement are stirred, obtain Radix Codonopsis seedling the early spring to Second Year; The seed of described Radix Codonopsis and the mass ratio of fiery excrement are 1:25; Sowing autumn then, apply fertilizer after field weeding once, every 667 m
2execute urea 10-15kg, phosphate fertilizer 20-25 kg, potassium sulfate 5-8 kg;
(3) transplant
Ditch into railway carriage or compartment according to the specification in 30 centimeters, railway carriage or compartment ditch, wide 80 centimeters of railway carriage or compartment with treating transplanting, by the Radix Codonopsis seedling of gained in step (2) in March to late April transplanting to described railway carriage or compartment then, every railway carriage or compartment plants two row Radix Codonopsis, and nest is apart from 30 ± 2 centimeters, and line-spacing is 40 ± 2 centimeters;
(4) field management
Described Radix Codonopsis kind transplantation of seedlings to described railway carriage or compartment is planted, Radix Codonopsis transplant after Second Year after autumn to ripe bud of Radix Codonopsis of gathering at the beginning of the winter, to gather the autumn after 3 years Radix Codonopsis, to the management carrying out water management, fertilizing management, weeding and damage by disease and insect before gathering after transplanting, described weeding must to wait until after autumn that temperature cools off beginning weeding.
Described fertilizing management is transplant rear annual late Febuary to early March, applies fiery excrement 1000-1500kg/667 m
2, annual autumn applies fertilizer once after field weeding, every 667 m
2execute urea 10-15kg, phosphate fertilizer 20-25 kg, potassium sulfate 5-8 kg.
The management of described damage by disease and insect sprays vegetation buck for intersection and rice vinegar water carries out prevention and therapy damage by disease and insect.
embodiment 2
Not through the seed of sootiness process when sowing seed used in embodiment 2.
The plantation of Daning Radix Codonopsis is carried out in accordance with the following steps:
(1) plough
Carry out first time with treating sowing in first winter then to plough, soil after ploughing is placed and is crossed winter, and treat Second Year early spring, carry out second time and plough, harrowed in soil and carefully rake, 3-5 days prior to seeding, water maintenance ground moistening;
(2) sow
Wait to sow in ground after processing in the step (1) according to the sown of every mu of 1.5 kilograms of seeds the early spring after the seed of Radix Codonopsis and fiery excrement are stirred, obtain Radix Codonopsis seedling the early spring to Second Year; The seed of described Radix Codonopsis and the mass ratio of fiery excrement are 1:25; Sowing autumn then, apply fertilizer after field weeding once, every 667 m
2execute urea 10-15kg, phosphate fertilizer 20-25 kg, potassium sulfate 5-8 kg;
(3) transplant
Ditch into railway carriage or compartment according to the specification in 30 centimeters, railway carriage or compartment ditch, wide 80 centimeters of railway carriage or compartment with treating transplanting, by the Radix Codonopsis seedling of gained in step (2) in March to late April transplanting to described railway carriage or compartment then, every railway carriage or compartment plants two row Radix Codonopsis, and nest is apart from 30 ± 2 centimeters, and line-spacing is 40 ± 2 centimeters;
(4) field management
Described Radix Codonopsis kind transplantation of seedlings to described railway carriage or compartment is planted, Radix Codonopsis transplant after Second Year after autumn to ripe bud of Radix Codonopsis of gathering at the beginning of the winter, to gather the autumn after 3 years Radix Codonopsis, to the management carrying out water management, fertilizing management, weeding and damage by disease and insect before gathering after transplanting, described weeding must to wait until after autumn that temperature cools off beginning weeding.
Described fertilizing management is transplant rear annual late Febuary to early March, applies fiery excrement 1000-1500kg/667 m
2, annual autumn applies fertilizer once after field weeding, every 667 m
2execute urea 10-15kg, phosphate fertilizer 20-25 kg, potassium sulfate 5-8 kg.
The management of described damage by disease and insect sprays vegetation buck for intersection and rice vinegar water carries out prevention and therapy damage by disease and insect.
embodiment 3
The plantation of Daning Radix Codonopsis is carried out in accordance with the following steps:
(1) plough
Arrange with treating sowing in first winter then, carrying out before first time turns over, apply poultry animal manure with sowing to described waiting, every mu applies poultry animal manure 600 kilograms, then carries out first time and plough, soil after ploughing is placed and is crossed winter, treat Second Year early spring, to carry out second time and plough, soil rake is carefully raked, 3-5 days prior to seeding, water maintenance ground moistening;
(2) sow
Wait to sow in ground after processing in the step (1) according to the sown of every mu of 2 kilograms of seeds the early spring after the seed of Radix Codonopsis and fiery excrement are stirred, obtain Radix Codonopsis seedling the early spring to Second Year; The seed of described Radix Codonopsis and the mass ratio of fiery excrement are 1:30; Sowing autumn then, apply fertilizer after field weeding once, every 667 m
2execute urea 10-15kg, phosphate fertilizer 20-25 kg, potassium sulfate 5-8 kg;
(3) transplant
Ditch into railway carriage or compartment according to the specification in 30 centimeters, railway carriage or compartment ditch, wide 80 centimeters of railway carriage or compartment with treating transplanting, by the Radix Codonopsis seedling of gained in step (2) in March to late April transplanting to described railway carriage or compartment then, every railway carriage or compartment plants two row Radix Codonopsis, and nest is apart from 30 ± 2 centimeters, and line-spacing is 40 ± 2 centimeters;
(4) field management
Described Radix Codonopsis kind transplantation of seedlings to described railway carriage or compartment is planted, Radix Codonopsis transplant after Second Year after autumn to ripe bud of Radix Codonopsis of gathering at the beginning of the winter, to gather the autumn after 3 years Radix Codonopsis, to the management carrying out water management, fertilizing management, weeding and damage by disease and insect before gathering after transplanting, described weeding must to wait until after autumn that temperature cools off beginning weeding.
Described fertilizing management is transplant rear annual late Febuary to early March, applies fiery excrement 1000-1500kg/667 m
2, annual autumn applies fertilizer once after field weeding, every 667 m
2execute urea 10-15kg, phosphate fertilizer 20-25 kg, potassium sulfate 5-8 kg.
The management of described damage by disease and insect sprays vegetation buck for intersection and rice vinegar water carries out prevention and therapy damage by disease and insect.
embodiment 4
The plantation of Daning Radix Codonopsis is carried out in accordance with the following steps:
(1) plough
Arrange with treating sowing in first winter then, carrying out before first time turns over, apply poultry animal manure with sowing to described waiting, every mu applies poultry animal manure 700 kilograms, then carries out first time and plough, soil after ploughing is placed and is crossed winter, treat Second Year early spring, to carry out second time and plough, soil rake is carefully raked, 3-5 days prior to seeding, water maintenance ground moistening;
(2) sow
First the seed of Radix Codonopsis is carried out pretreatment, described pretreatment is the seed first adopting interval method for soaking seed process Radix Codonopsis, described interval method for soaking seed is that seed soaking and dew are planted alternate, described seed soaking time is 6 hours, described dew kind of the time is 3 hours, described seed soaking and dew kind all process three times, then the seed after being soaked seed at interval obtains the pretreatment seed of Radix Codonopsis in 30 DEG C of vernalization 4-5 days, wait to sow in ground after processing in the step (1) the early spring according to the sown of every mu of 2 kilograms of seeds after the pretreatment seed of Radix Codonopsis and fiery excrement are stirred, Radix Codonopsis seedling is obtained the early spring to Second Year, the seed of described Radix Codonopsis and the mass ratio of fiery excrement are 1:35, sowing autumn then, apply fertilizer after field weeding once, every 667 m
2execute urea 10-15kg, phosphate fertilizer 20-25 kg, potassium sulfate 5-8 kg,
(3) transplant
Ditch into railway carriage or compartment according to the specification in 30 centimeters, railway carriage or compartment ditch, wide 80 centimeters of railway carriage or compartment with treating transplanting, by the Radix Codonopsis seedling of gained in step (2) in March to late April transplanting to described railway carriage or compartment then, every railway carriage or compartment plants two row Radix Codonopsis, and nest is apart from 30 ± 2 centimeters, and line-spacing is 40 ± 2 centimeters;
(4) field management
Described Radix Codonopsis kind transplantation of seedlings to described railway carriage or compartment is planted, Radix Codonopsis transplant after Second Year after autumn to ripe bud of Radix Codonopsis of gathering at the beginning of the winter, to gather the autumn after 3 years Radix Codonopsis, to the management carrying out water management, fertilizing management, weeding and damage by disease and insect before gathering after transplanting, described weeding must to wait until after autumn that temperature cools off beginning weeding.
Described fertilizing management is transplant rear annual late Febuary to early March, applies fiery excrement 1000-1500kg/667 m
2, annual autumn applies fertilizer once after field weeding, every 667 m
2execute urea 10-15kg, phosphate fertilizer 20-25 kg, potassium sulfate 5-8 kg.
The management of described damage by disease and insect sprays vegetation buck for intersection and rice vinegar water carries out prevention and therapy damage by disease and insect.
embodiment 5
The plantation of Daning Radix Codonopsis is carried out in accordance with the following steps:
(1) plough
Arrange with treating sowing in first winter then, carrying out before first time turns over, apply poultry animal manure with sowing to described waiting, every mu applies poultry animal manure 800 kilograms, then carries out first time and plough, soil after ploughing is placed and is crossed winter, treat Second Year early spring, to carry out second time and plough, soil rake is carefully raked, 3-5 days prior to seeding, water maintenance ground moistening;
(2) sow
First the seed of Radix Codonopsis is carried out pretreatment, described pretreatment is the seed first adopting interval method for soaking seed process Radix Codonopsis, described interval method for soaking seed is that seed soaking and dew are planted alternate, described seed soaking time is 6 hours, described dew kind of the time is 3 hours, described seed soaking and dew kind all process three times, then the seed after being soaked seed at interval obtains the pretreatment seed of Radix Codonopsis in 30 DEG C of vernalization 4-5 days, wait to sow in ground after processing in the step (1) the early spring according to the sown of every mu of 2 kilograms of seeds after the pretreatment seed of Radix Codonopsis and fiery excrement are stirred, Radix Codonopsis seedling is obtained the early spring to Second Year, the seed of described Radix Codonopsis and the mass ratio of fiery excrement are 1:35, sowing autumn then, apply fertilizer after field weeding once, every 667 m
2execute urea 10-15kg, phosphate fertilizer 20-25 kg, potassium sulfate 5-8 kg,
(3) transplant
Wait before ditching into railway carriage or compartment, first to carry out ash process and rice vinegar water treatment with transplanting; Described ash is treated to 7-10 days before ditching into railway carriage or compartment and evenly sprays with treating transplanting with vegetation buck, described rice vinegar water treatment is evenly spray with treating transplanting with rice vinegar water for 3-5 days after ash process, and described vegetation buck fountain height and rice vinegar water fountain height are 45 kilograms every mu.
After ash process and rice vinegar water treatment, railway carriage or compartment is ditched into according to the specification in 30 centimeters, railway carriage or compartment ditch, wide 80 centimeters of railway carriage or compartment with transplanting by waiting, by the Radix Codonopsis seedling of gained in step (2) in March to late April transplanting to described railway carriage or compartment then, every railway carriage or compartment plants two row Radix Codonopsis, nest is apart from 30 ± 2 centimeters, and line-spacing is 40 ± 2 centimeters;
(4) field management
Described Radix Codonopsis kind transplantation of seedlings to described railway carriage or compartment is planted, Radix Codonopsis transplant after Second Year after autumn to ripe bud of Radix Codonopsis of gathering at the beginning of the winter, to gather the autumn after 3 years Radix Codonopsis, to the management carrying out water management, fertilizing management, weeding and damage by disease and insect before gathering after transplanting, described weeding must to wait until after autumn that temperature cools off beginning weeding.
Described fertilizing management is transplant rear annual late Febuary to early March, applies fiery excrement 1000-1500kg/667 m
2, annual autumn applies fertilizer once after field weeding, every 667 m
2execute urea 10-15kg, phosphate fertilizer 20-25 kg, potassium sulfate 5-8 kg.
The management of described damage by disease and insect sprays vegetation buck for intersection and rice vinegar water carries out prevention and therapy damage by disease and insect.
comparative example 1
The plantation of Daning Radix Codonopsis is carried out in accordance with the following steps:
(1) plough
Arrange with treating sowing in first winter then, carrying out before first time turns over, apply poultry animal manure with sowing to described waiting, every mu applies poultry animal manure 800 kilograms, then carries out first time and plough, soil after ploughing is placed and is crossed winter, treat Second Year early spring, to carry out second time and plough, soil rake is carefully raked, 3-5 days prior to seeding, water maintenance ground moistening;
(2) sow
First the seed of Radix Codonopsis is carried out pretreatment, described pretreatment is the seed first adopting interval method for soaking seed process Radix Codonopsis, described interval method for soaking seed is that seed soaking and dew are planted alternate, described seed soaking time is 6 hours, described dew kind of the time is 3 hours, described seed soaking and dew kind all process three times, then the seed after being soaked seed at interval obtains the pretreatment seed of Radix Codonopsis in 30 DEG C of vernalization 4-5 days, wait to sow in ground after processing in the step (1) the early spring according to the sown of every mu of 2 kilograms of seeds after the pretreatment seed of Radix Codonopsis and fiery excrement are stirred, Radix Codonopsis seedling is obtained the early spring to Second Year, the seed of described Radix Codonopsis and the mass ratio of fiery excrement are 1:35, sowing autumn then, apply fertilizer after field weeding once, every 667 m
2execute urea 10-15kg, phosphate fertilizer 20-25 kg, potassium sulfate 5-8 kg,
(3) transplant
Wait before ditching into railway carriage or compartment, first to carry out ash process with transplanting; Described ash is treated to 7-10 days before ditching into railway carriage or compartment and evenly sprays with treating transplanting with vegetation buck, and described vegetation buck fountain height is 45 kilograms every mu.
After ash process, ditch into railway carriage or compartment according to the specification in 30 centimeters, railway carriage or compartment ditch, wide 80 centimeters of railway carriage or compartment with transplanting by waiting, by the Radix Codonopsis seedling of gained in step (2) in March to late April transplanting to described railway carriage or compartment then, every railway carriage or compartment plants two row Radix Codonopsis, nest is apart from 30 ± 2 centimeters, and line-spacing is 40 ± 2 centimeters;
(4) field management
Described Radix Codonopsis kind transplantation of seedlings to described railway carriage or compartment is planted, Radix Codonopsis transplant after Second Year after autumn to ripe bud of Radix Codonopsis of gathering at the beginning of the winter, to gather the autumn after 3 years Radix Codonopsis, to the management carrying out water management, fertilizing management, weeding and damage by disease and insect before gathering after transplanting, described weeding must to wait until after autumn that temperature cools off beginning weeding.
Described fertilizing management is transplant rear annual late Febuary to early March, applies fiery excrement 1000-1500kg/667 m
2, annual autumn applies fertilizer once after field weeding, every 667 m
2execute urea 10-15kg, phosphate fertilizer 20-25 kg, potassium sulfate 5-8 kg.
The management of described damage by disease and insect sprays vegetation buck for intersection and rice vinegar water carries out prevention and therapy damage by disease and insect.
comparative example 2
The plantation of Daning Radix Codonopsis is carried out in accordance with the following steps:
(1) plough
Arrange with treating sowing in first winter then, carrying out before first time turns over, apply poultry animal manure with sowing to described waiting, every mu applies poultry animal manure 800 kilograms, then carries out first time and plough, soil after ploughing is placed and is crossed winter, treat Second Year early spring, to carry out second time and plough, soil rake is carefully raked, 3-5 days prior to seeding, water maintenance ground moistening;
(2) sow
First the seed of Radix Codonopsis is carried out pretreatment, described pretreatment is the seed first adopting interval method for soaking seed process Radix Codonopsis, described interval method for soaking seed is that seed soaking and dew are planted alternate, described seed soaking time is 6 hours, described dew kind of the time is 3 hours, described seed soaking and dew kind all process three times, then the seed after being soaked seed at interval obtains the pretreatment seed of Radix Codonopsis in 30 DEG C of vernalization 4-5 days, wait to sow in ground after processing in the step (1) the early spring according to the sown of every mu of 2 kilograms of seeds after the pretreatment seed of Radix Codonopsis and fiery excrement are stirred, Radix Codonopsis seedling is obtained the early spring to Second Year, the seed of described Radix Codonopsis and the mass ratio of fiery excrement are 1:35, sowing autumn then, apply fertilizer after field weeding once, every 667 m
2execute urea 10-15kg, phosphate fertilizer 20-25 kg, potassium sulfate 5-8 kg,
(3) transplant
Wait before ditching into railway carriage or compartment, first to carry out rice vinegar water treatment with transplanting; Described rice vinegar water treatment is evenly spray with treating transplanting with rice vinegar water for 7-10 days before ditching into railway carriage or compartment, and described rice vinegar water fountain height is 45 kilograms every mu.
After rice vinegar water treatment, ditch into railway carriage or compartment according to the specification in 30 centimeters, railway carriage or compartment ditch, wide 80 centimeters of railway carriage or compartment with transplanting by waiting, by the Radix Codonopsis seedling of gained in step (2) in March to late April transplanting to described railway carriage or compartment then, every railway carriage or compartment plants two row Radix Codonopsis, nest is apart from 30 ± 2 centimeters, and line-spacing is 40 ± 2 centimeters;
(4) field management
Described Radix Codonopsis kind transplantation of seedlings to described railway carriage or compartment is planted, Radix Codonopsis transplant after Second Year after autumn to ripe bud of Radix Codonopsis of gathering at the beginning of the winter, to gather the autumn after 3 years Radix Codonopsis, to the management carrying out water management, fertilizing management, weeding and damage by disease and insect before gathering after transplanting, described weeding must to wait until after autumn that temperature cools off beginning weeding.
Described fertilizing management is transplant rear annual late Febuary to early March, applies fiery excrement 1000-1500kg/667 m
2, annual autumn applies fertilizer once after field weeding, every 667 m
2execute urea 10-15kg, phosphate fertilizer 20-25 kg, potassium sulfate 5-8 kg.
The management of described damage by disease and insect sprays vegetation buck for intersection and rice vinegar water carries out prevention and therapy damage by disease and insect.
comparative example 3(directly mixed with poultry animal manure by the pretreatment seed of Radix Codonopsis, namely poultry animal manure is without baked wheaten cake, and all the other are identical with embodiment 5
)
The plantation of Daning Radix Codonopsis is carried out in accordance with the following steps:
(1) plough
Arrange with treating sowing in first winter then, carrying out before first time turns over, apply poultry animal manure with sowing to described waiting, every mu applies poultry animal manure 800 kilograms, then carries out first time and plough, soil after ploughing is placed and is crossed winter, treat Second Year early spring, to carry out second time and plough, soil rake is carefully raked, 3-5 days prior to seeding, water maintenance ground moistening;
(2) sow
First the seed of Radix Codonopsis is carried out pretreatment, described pretreatment is the seed first adopting interval method for soaking seed process Radix Codonopsis, described interval method for soaking seed is that seed soaking and dew are planted alternate, described seed soaking time is 6 hours, described dew kind of the time is 3 hours, described seed soaking and dew kind all process three times, then the seed after being soaked seed at interval obtains the pretreatment seed of Radix Codonopsis in 30 DEG C of vernalization 4-5 days, the pretreatment seed of Radix Codonopsis is mixed with poultry animal manure (namely poultry animal manure is without burning), sow in ground the early spring according to sown the treating in step (1) after process of every mu of 2 kilograms of seeds after stirring, Radix Codonopsis seedling is obtained the early spring to Second Year, the seed of described Radix Codonopsis and the mass ratio of fiery excrement are 1:35, sowing autumn then, apply fertilizer after field weeding once, every 667 m
2execute urea 10-15kg, phosphate fertilizer 20-25 kg, potassium sulfate 5-8 kg,
(3) transplant
Wait before ditching into railway carriage or compartment, first to carry out ash process and rice vinegar water treatment with transplanting; Described ash is treated to 7-10 days before ditching into railway carriage or compartment and evenly sprays with treating transplanting with vegetation buck, described rice vinegar water treatment is evenly spray with treating transplanting with rice vinegar water for 3-5 days after ash process, and described vegetation buck fountain height and rice vinegar water fountain height are 45 kilograms every mu.
After ash process and rice vinegar water treatment, railway carriage or compartment is ditched into according to the specification in 30 centimeters, railway carriage or compartment ditch, wide 80 centimeters of railway carriage or compartment with transplanting by waiting, by the Radix Codonopsis seedling of gained in step (2) in March to late April transplanting to described railway carriage or compartment then, every railway carriage or compartment plants two row Radix Codonopsis, nest is apart from 30 ± 2 centimeters, and line-spacing is 40 ± 2 centimeters;
(4) field management
Described Radix Codonopsis kind transplantation of seedlings to described railway carriage or compartment is planted, Radix Codonopsis transplant after Second Year after autumn to ripe bud of Radix Codonopsis of gathering at the beginning of the winter, to gather the autumn after 3 years Radix Codonopsis, to the management carrying out water management, fertilizing management, weeding and damage by disease and insect before gathering after transplanting, described weeding must to wait until after autumn that temperature cools off beginning weeding.
Described fertilizing management is transplant rear annual late Febuary to early March, applies fiery excrement 1000-1500kg/667 m
2, annual autumn applies fertilizer once after field weeding, every 667 m
2execute urea 10-15kg, phosphate fertilizer 20-25 kg, potassium sulfate 5-8 kg.
The management of described damage by disease and insect sprays vegetation buck for intersection and rice vinegar water carries out prevention and therapy damage by disease and insect.
comparative example 4(directly mixed with poultry animal manure by the pretreatment seed of Radix Codonopsis, namely poultry animal manure is without baked wheaten cake, and the management of damage by disease and insect carries out prevention and therapy with chemical pesticide, and all the other are identical with embodiment 5
)the plantation of Daning Radix Codonopsis is carried out in accordance with the following steps:
(1) plough
Arrange with treating sowing in first winter then, carrying out before first time turns over, apply poultry animal manure with sowing to described waiting, every mu applies poultry animal manure 800 kilograms, then carries out first time and plough, soil after ploughing is placed and is crossed winter, treat Second Year early spring, to carry out second time and plough, soil rake is carefully raked, 3-5 days prior to seeding, water maintenance ground moistening;
(2) sow
First the seed of Radix Codonopsis is carried out pretreatment, described pretreatment is the seed first adopting interval method for soaking seed process Radix Codonopsis, described interval method for soaking seed is that seed soaking and dew are planted alternate, described seed soaking time is 6 hours, described dew kind of the time is 3 hours, described seed soaking and dew kind all process three times, then the seed after being soaked seed at interval obtains the pretreatment seed of Radix Codonopsis in 30 DEG C of vernalization 4-5 days, the pretreatment seed of Radix Codonopsis is mixed with poultry animal manure (namely poultry animal manure is without burning), sow in ground the early spring according to sown the treating in step (1) after process of every mu of 2 kilograms of seeds after stirring, Radix Codonopsis seedling is obtained the early spring to Second Year, the seed of described Radix Codonopsis and the mass ratio of fiery excrement are 1:35, sowing autumn then, apply fertilizer after field weeding once, every 667 m
2execute urea 10-15kg, phosphate fertilizer 20-25 kg, potassium sulfate 5-8 kg,
(3) transplant
Wait before ditching into railway carriage or compartment, first to carry out ash process and rice vinegar water treatment with transplanting; Described ash is treated to 7-10 days before ditching into railway carriage or compartment and evenly sprays with treating transplanting with vegetation buck, described rice vinegar water treatment is evenly spray with treating transplanting with rice vinegar water for 3-5 days after ash process, and described vegetation buck fountain height and rice vinegar water fountain height are 45 kilograms every mu.
After ash process and rice vinegar water treatment, railway carriage or compartment is ditched into according to the specification in 30 centimeters, railway carriage or compartment ditch, wide 80 centimeters of railway carriage or compartment with transplanting by waiting, by the Radix Codonopsis seedling of gained in step (2) in March to late April transplanting to described railway carriage or compartment then, every railway carriage or compartment plants two row Radix Codonopsis, nest is apart from 30 ± 2 centimeters, and line-spacing is 40 ± 2 centimeters;
(4) field management
Described Radix Codonopsis kind transplantation of seedlings to described railway carriage or compartment is planted, Radix Codonopsis transplant after Second Year after autumn to ripe bud of Radix Codonopsis of gathering at the beginning of the winter, to gather the autumn after 3 years Radix Codonopsis, to the management carrying out water management, fertilizing management, weeding and damage by disease and insect before gathering after transplanting, described weeding must to wait until after autumn that temperature cools off beginning weeding.
Described fertilizing management is transplant rear annual late Febuary to early March, applies fiery excrement 1000-1500kg/667 m
2, annual autumn applies fertilizer once after field weeding, every 667 m
2execute urea 10-15kg, phosphate fertilizer 20-25 kg, potassium sulfate 5-8 kg.
The management of described damage by disease and insect is use conventional chemical pesticide to carry out prevention and therapy damage by disease and insect.97% enemy's rust steel as available in rust prevention, 400 times of liquid are sprayed; Rotten prevention Tuzet 50% wetting powder 1000 times of liquid sprinkling irrigations etc.
The output of the Radix Codonopsis of difference Statistics Implementation example 1-5 and comparative example 1-4 when gathering in the crops, result is as shown in table 1:
The output statistics table of table 1 Radix Codonopsis
What finally illustrate is, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although with reference to preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not departing from aim and the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.