CN106212188A - A kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo cultural method of good quality and high output - Google Patents
A kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo cultural method of good quality and high output Download PDFInfo
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- CN106212188A CN106212188A CN201610747661.XA CN201610747661A CN106212188A CN 106212188 A CN106212188 A CN 106212188A CN 201610747661 A CN201610747661 A CN 201610747661A CN 106212188 A CN106212188 A CN 106212188A
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- 241000218628 Ginkgo Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 235000011201 Ginkgo Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 235000008100 Ginkgo biloba Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 34
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 25
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000194101 Ginkgo biloba Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005213 imbibition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 potassium amino acid Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000024172 Cardiovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- SQGLUEWZRKIEGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ginkgetin Natural products C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1=CC(=O)C2=C(O)C=C(OC)C(C=3C(=CC=C(C=3)C=3OC4=CC(O)=CC(O)=C4C(=O)C=3)O)=C2O1 SQGLUEWZRKIEGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930045534 Me ester-Cyclohexaneundecanoic acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 241000592344 Spermatophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- GAMYVSCDDLXAQW-AOIWZFSPSA-N Thermopsosid Natural products O(C)c1c(O)ccc(C=2Oc3c(c(O)cc(O[C@H]4[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O4)c3)C(=O)C=2)c1 GAMYVSCDDLXAQW-AOIWZFSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000702 anti-platelet effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000026106 cerebrovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002526 effect on cardiovascular system Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003944 flavone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002212 flavone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011949 flavones Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HVQAJTFOCKOKIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N flavonol Natural products O1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C(O)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 HVQAJTFOCKOKIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011957 flavonols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- AIFCFBUSLAEIBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ginkgetin Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C(C=1)=CC=C(OC)C=1C1=C(O)C=C(O)C(C(C=2)=O)=C1OC=2C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 AIFCFBUSLAEIBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009332 manuring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vitamin p Natural products O1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Sowing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to agricultural cultivation field, specifically disclose the Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo cultural method of a kind of good quality and high output, the method comprise the steps: selection of land wholely, seed treatment, sowing, thinning, field management and gather.The method of the present invention, by the way of live, decrease the complicated flow process during prior seed, cutting propagation transplanting, shortens Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo and produce the time of leaf first；By regular thinning, it is ensured that the constantly growth of ginkgo and soil fertility supply, and a Seedling fallen can transplant the garden of building again, saves the soil cultivating Semen Ginkgo seedling, improves land utilization ratio；By rational close planting, add Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo per mu yield, extend the product leaf time limit of Semen Ginkgo, it is ensured that the quality of Folium Ginkgo, reached higher economic benefit, suitably popularizing planting in Hubei Province.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural cultivation field, be specifically related to the Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo cultural method of a kind of good quality and high output.
Background technology
Semen Ginkgo (GinkgobilobaL), also known as maidenhair tree, Gong Sunshu, is few survivors the most ancient in the existing seed plant of China
One of plant, is referred to as " living fossil ".Folium Ginkgo is the dried leaves of Semen Ginkgo, has blood circulation promoting and blood stasis dispelling, removing obstruction in the collateral to relieve pain, astringes the lung and relieving asthma,
Change effect of turbid blood fat reducing.According to analysis, Folium Ginkgo contains chemical composition kinds more than 60 such as flavone, bisflavone, mushrooms, its main extract
Ginkgetin, Semen Ginkgo lactone are treatment cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the good medicine of anti-platelet activating factor.
Along with both at home and abroad Semen Ginkgo understanding, research being deepened continuously, the development of Folium Ginkgo extract industry, various with
Folium Ginkgo extract is the need for Folium Ginkgo such as the medicine of raw material, health product, food additive, functional drinks, cosmetics
The amount of asking constantly rises.Chinese cultivated Semen Ginkgo is with a long history, and in Hubei, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Guizhou etc. saves a large amount of cultivation
Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo.China is the whole world the first big Folium Ginkgo extract manufacturing country, and industry production capacity accounts for more than the 50% of whole world aggregated capacity,
Chinese Ginkgo leaf-making quantity 503.5 tons in 2015, accounts for the 52.1% of the whole world total output same period.On continuous with Folium Ginkgo extract production capacity
Rise corresponding, be the continuous increase of Folium Ginkgo demand.
Transplant after the cultivating and growing predominantly seed of ginkgo garden for leaf use, cutting propagation at present and build garden, planting density be 300～
600 plants/acre, Semen Ginkgo produces and is limited in leaf year 6～8 years, and Folium Ginkgo content afterwards can not reach its prescription.The leaf of traditional approach
The Folium Ginkgo produced with Semen Ginkgo cultivation can not meet the demand growing for Folium Ginkgo, and therefore, the leaf of good quality and high output is used
The application of Semen Ginkgo cultural method and popularization, the Yield and quality for Folium Ginkgo requires and economic benefit has important reality
Meaning.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the weak point cultivated for existing Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo, the method for the present invention, by the way of live, subtracts
Lack the complicated flow process during prior seed, cutting propagation transplanting, shortened Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo and produce the time of leaf first；By fixed
Period Seedling, it is ensured that the constantly growth of ginkgo and soil fertility supply, and a Seedling fallen can transplant the garden of building again, save
Cultivate the soil of Semen Ginkgo seedling, improve land utilization ratio；By rational close planting, add Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo per mu yield, extend
The product leaf time limit of Semen Ginkgo, it is ensured that the quality of Folium Ginkgo, has reached higher economic benefit, suitably commercial seed in Hubei Province
Plant.
Technical scheme: in order to solve the problem that prior art exists, the invention provides a kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo cultural method,
Comprise the steps of
(1) selection of land is wholely: select soil layer loose, the preferable loam of irrigation condition deep, fertile or sandy loam as location, garden,
Planting after soil in the beginning of spring thaws then, use well-rotted farmyard manure as base fertilizer, amount of application is 2500～3000kg/ mus, ploughs deeply soil
Ground 30～50cm, leveling of raking the soil level, do wide 1～1.2m, high 10cm, the high bed of furrow width 30cm, water permeable to wait to sow；
(2) seed treatment: 13～17 days prior to seeding, be placed in container by seed, is stirred continuously addition clear water to not having
Seed 5～10cm, drift is removed flat seed, is soaked seed and make its seed coat soften, pull out after the seed imbibition breach of 70%～80%；
(3) sowing: be 450～540/kg Semen Ginkgo with the application rate of every mu 100～120kg by quality standard in 3～April
Seed uniform broadcasting, on high bed, is fetched earth to seed earthing from ditch, and thickness of earth covering reaches 5～8cm；
(4) thinning；
(5) field management: 1. weeding fertilising: Semen Ginkgo plants first year every weeding in February once, the most annual weeding in June
Once, weeding in November once, Semen Ginkgo plantation apply fertilizer at quarterly intervals once in first year, applying fertilizer be carbamide 15～25kg/ mu and
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer 10～20kg/ mu, uses broadcast application to be uniformly sprinkling upon by fertilizer on high bed, the most annual 3,5, August respectively sprays
Execute carbamide 25～35kg/ mu, 20～30kg/ mu, 35～45kg/ mu, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 25～35kg/ mu, November July
Part spread fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure 2000～2500kg/ mu, spray fertilizer need to before that morning 10, carry out after at 4 in afternoon,
Avoid at noon high temperature time spray；2. pruning: when ginkgo grows to 1～1.2m, shaping beta pruning, its basic demand is short dry
Major branch is clearly demarcated, is evenly distributed, compact conformation, and ventilation and penetrating light is good, and tree crown is in natural knob type；3. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；According to disease
Insect pest regularity of occurrence and development, conscientiously implements the plant protection work policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", strict implement " NY/T393-
2000 pollution-free food Pesticide use criterions ", based on cultural control, carry out plant quarantine, Biological control, physical control and change
Learn preventing and treating etc., walk integrated control road.
(6) gather: Semen Ginkgo plantation can produce leaf then, and Folium Ginkgo optimal harvest time is the beginning of October at the bottom of JIUYUE, yellow in autumn
Gather completely before leaf.Fresh leaf should dry in time, can not be long placed in.
Wherein, above-mentioned steps 3) in use sowing in the field mode build garden.
Wherein, above-mentioned steps 3) in planting density reach 50,000 plants/acre.
Wherein, above-mentioned steps 4) in the concrete operations of thinning as follows: 1. after plantation picking leaves in the 3rd year, carry out thinning first,
Its method is to transplant at the seedling of close quarters digging 50%～60% of Semen Ginkgo plantation, and pulls out disease Seedling, weak Seedling；②
Carrying out second time thinning after plantation picking leaves in the 4th year, its method is in Semen Ginkgo growth of one-year age after thinning first
The seedling of close quarters digging 50%～60% is transplanted, and pulls out disease Seedling, weak Seedling；3. laggard in plantation picking leaves in the 6th year
Row final singling, chooses robust growth, plant final singling without pest and disease damage, and other Semen Ginkgo seedling is used for transplanting after removing sick Seedling, weak Seedling；
Wherein, above-mentioned steps 4) in the middle of fall Semen Ginkgo Seedling for transplanting.
Wherein, above-mentioned steps 4) in the spacing in the rows final singling of 50 × 50cm, final singling density is 2600 plants/acre.
Wherein, above-mentioned steps 5) in plantation apply fertilizer at quarterly intervals once in first year, rate of fertilizer is carbamide 20kg/ mu, phosphorus
Acid dihydride potassium 15kg/ mu, uses broadcast application to be uniformly sprinkling upon by fertilizer on high bed, the most annual 3,5, August respectively spray carbamide
30kg/ mu, 25kg/ mu, 40kg/ mu, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30kg/ mu July, spread fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure November
2000kg/ mu.
Wherein, above-mentioned steps 6) in the picking leaves time limit can reach 12～15 years.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, the invention have the advantage that
By the way of live, decrease the complicated flow process during prior seed, cutting propagation transplanting, shorten leaf and use
Semen Ginkgo produces the time of leaf first；By regular thinning, it is ensured that the constantly growth of ginkgo and soil fertility supply, and fall
Seedling can again transplant the garden of building, save cultivate Semen Ginkgo seedling soil, improve land utilization ratio；By rational close planting,
Add Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo per mu yield, extend the product leaf time limit of Semen Ginkgo, it is ensured that the quality of Folium Ginkgo, reached higher economy
Benefit, suitably popularizing planting in Hubei Province.
Detailed description of the invention
According to following embodiment, the present invention be may be better understood.But, as it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that reality
Execute the content described by example and be merely to illustrate the present invention, and should be also without limitation on basis described in detail in claims
Invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo cultural method of good quality and high output, step is as follows:
(1) selection of land is wholely: select soil layer loose, loam that irrigation condition is good deep, fertile or sandy loam as location, garden.Planting
Planting after soil in the beginning of spring thaws then, use well-rotted farmyard manure as base fertilizer, amount of application is 3000kg/ mu, soil deeptillage 40cm, rake
Ground leveling, does wide 1.2m, high 10cm, the high bed of furrow width 30cm, waters permeable to wait to sow.
(2) seed treatment: 15 days prior to seeding, be placed in container by seed, is stirred continuously addition clear water to there be not seed
8cm, drift is removed flat seed, is soaked seed and make its seed coat soften, pull out after the seed imbibition breach of 75%.
(3) sowing: be that 450/kg gingko seeds uniformly spreads with the application rate of every mu of 120kg by quality standard in 3～April
Broadcasting on high bed, fetch earth to seed earthing from ditch, thickness of earth covering reaches 6cm.Planting density reaches 50,000 plants/acre.
(4) thinning: 1. carry out thinning first after plantation picking leaves in the 3rd year, its method is the close quarters in Semen Ginkgo plantation
The seedling of digging 50% is transplanted, and pulls out disease Seedling, weak Seedling.2. after plantation picking leaves in the 4th year, carry out second time thinning,
Its method is to transplant at Semen Ginkgo seedling of the close quarters digging 50% of the growth of one-year age after thinning first, and
And pull out disease Seedling, weak Seedling.3. after plantation picking leaves in the 6th year, carry out final singling, choose robust growth, without the plant of pest and disease damage with 50
The spacing in the rows final singling of × 50cm, other Semen Ginkgo seedling is used for transplanting after removing sick Seedling, weak Seedling.Final singling density is 2600 plants/acre.
(5) field management:
1. weeding fertilising: Semen Ginkgo plants first year every weeding in February once, later annual weeding in June is once, November removes
Grass is once.Semen Ginkgo plantation is applied fertilizer once in first year at quarterly intervals, and applying fertilizer is mainly carbamide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer, amount of application
For carbamide 20kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15kg/ mu, broadcast application is used uniformly to be sprinkling upon on high bed by fertilizer.The most annual 3,5,8
Respectively spray carbamide 30kg/ mu, 25kg/ mu, 40kg/ mu month, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30kg/ mu July, spread fertilizer over the fields corruption November
Ripe farm manure 2000kg/ mu.Spray fertilizer need to before that morning 10, carry out after at 4 in afternoon, avoid at noon high temperature time
Spray.
2. pruning: when ginkgo grows to 1～1.2m, shaping beta pruning.Its basic demand is that short dry major branch is clearly demarcated, point
Cloth is uniform, compact conformation, and ventilation and penetrating light is good, and tree crown is in natural knob type.
3. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: according to pest and disease damage regularity of occurrence and development, conscientiously implement the plant protection of " putting prevention first, integrated control "
Working policy, strict implement " NY/T393-2000 pollution-free food Pesticide use criterion ", based on cultural control, carry out plant
Quarantine, Biological control, physical control and chemical prevention etc., walk integrated control road.
(6) gather: Semen Ginkgo plantation can produce leaf then, and Folium Ginkgo optimal harvest time is the beginning of October at the bottom of JIUYUE, yellow in autumn
Gather completely before leaf.Fresh leaf should dry in time, can not be long placed in.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo cultural method of good quality and high output, step is as follows:
(1) selection of land is wholely: select soil layer loose, loam that irrigation condition is good deep, fertile or sandy loam as location, garden.Planting
Planting after soil in the beginning of spring thaws then, use well-rotted farmyard manure as base fertilizer, amount of application is 2500kg/ mu, soil deeptillage 30cm, rake
Ground leveling, does wide 1m, high 10cm, the high bed of furrow width 30cm, waters permeable to wait to sow.
(2) seed treatment: 13 days prior to seeding, be placed in container by seed, is stirred continuously addition clear water to there be not seed
5cm, drift is removed flat seed, is soaked seed and make its seed coat soften, pull out after the seed imbibition breach of 70%.
(3) sowing: be that 540/kg gingko seeds uniformly spreads with the application rate of every mu of 100kg by quality standard in 3～April
Broadcasting on high bed, fetch earth to seed earthing from ditch, thickness of earth covering reaches 5cm.Planting density reaches 50,000 plants/acre.
(4) thinning: 1. carry out thinning first after plantation picking leaves in the 3rd year, its method is the close quarters in Semen Ginkgo plantation
The seedling of digging 60% is transplanted, and pulls out disease Seedling, weak Seedling.2. after plantation picking leaves in the 4th year, carry out second time thinning,
Its method is to transplant at Semen Ginkgo seedling of the close quarters digging 60% of the growth of one-year age after thinning first, and
And pull out disease Seedling, weak Seedling.3. after plantation picking leaves in the 6th year, carry out final singling, choose robust growth, without the plant of pest and disease damage with 50
The spacing in the rows final singling of × 50cm, other Semen Ginkgo seedling is used for transplanting after removing sick Seedling, weak Seedling.Final singling density is 2600 plants/acre.
(5) field management:
1. weeding fertilising: Semen Ginkgo plants first year every weeding in February once, later annual weeding in June is once, November removes
Grass is once.Semen Ginkgo plantation is applied fertilizer once in first year at quarterly intervals, and applying fertilizer is mainly carbamide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer, amount of application
For carbamide 15kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10kg/ mu, broadcast application is used uniformly to be sprinkling upon on high bed by fertilizer.The most annual 3,5,8
Respectively spray carbamide 25kg/ mu, 20kg/ mu, 35kg/ mu month, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 25kg/ mu July, spread fertilizer over the fields corruption November
Ripe farm manure 2500kg/ mu.Spray fertilizer need to before that morning 10, carry out after at 4 in afternoon, avoid at noon high temperature time
Spray.
2. pruning: when ginkgo grows to 1～1.2m, shaping beta pruning.Its basic demand is that short dry major branch is clearly demarcated, point
Cloth is uniform, compact conformation, and ventilation and penetrating light is good, and tree crown is in natural knob type.
3. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: according to pest and disease damage regularity of occurrence and development, conscientiously implement the plant protection of " putting prevention first, integrated control "
Working policy, strict implement " NY/T393-2000 pollution-free food Pesticide use criterion ", based on cultural control, carry out plant
Quarantine, Biological control, physical control and chemical prevention etc., walk integrated control road.
(6) gather: Semen Ginkgo plantation can produce leaf then, and Folium Ginkgo optimal harvest time is the beginning of October at the bottom of JIUYUE, yellow in autumn
Gather completely before leaf.Fresh leaf should dry in time, can not be long placed in.
Embodiment 3
A kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo cultural method of good quality and high output, step is as follows:
(1) selection of land is wholely: select soil layer loose, loam that irrigation condition is good deep, fertile or sandy loam as location, garden.Planting
Planting after soil in the beginning of spring thaws then, use well-rotted farmyard manure as base fertilizer, amount of application is 2800kg/ mu, soil deeptillage 50cm, rake
Ground leveling, does wide 1.2m, high 10cm, the high bed of furrow width 30cm, waters permeable to wait to sow.
(2) seed treatment: 17 days prior to seeding, be placed in container by seed, is stirred continuously addition clear water to there be not seed
10cm, drift is removed flat seed, is soaked seed and make its seed coat soften, pull out after the seed imbibition breach of 80%.
(3) sowing: be that 490/kg gingko seeds uniformly spreads with the application rate of every mu of 110kg by quality standard in 3～April
Broadcasting on high bed, fetch earth to seed earthing from ditch, thickness of earth covering reaches 8cm.Planting density reaches 50,000 plants/acre.
(4) thinning: 1. carry out thinning first after plantation picking leaves in the 3rd year, its method is the close quarters in Semen Ginkgo plantation
The seedling of digging 55% is transplanted, and pulls out disease Seedling, weak Seedling.2. after plantation picking leaves in the 4th year, carry out second time thinning,
Its method is to transplant at Semen Ginkgo seedling of the close quarters digging 55% of the growth of one-year age after thinning first, and
And pull out disease Seedling, weak Seedling.3. after plantation picking leaves in the 6th year, carry out final singling, choose robust growth, without the plant of pest and disease damage with 50
The spacing in the rows final singling of × 50cm, other Semen Ginkgo seedling is used for transplanting after removing sick Seedling, weak Seedling.Final singling density is 2600 plants/acre.
(5) field management:
1. weeding fertilising: Semen Ginkgo plants first year every weeding in February once, later annual weeding in June is once, November removes
Grass is once.Semen Ginkgo plantation is applied fertilizer once in first year at quarterly intervals, and applying fertilizer is mainly carbamide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer, amount of application
For carbamide 25kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20kg/ mu, broadcast application is used uniformly to be sprinkling upon on high bed by fertilizer.The most annual 3,5,8
Respectively spray carbamide 35kg/ mu, 30kg/ mu, 45kg/ mu month, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 35kg/ mu July, spread fertilizer over the fields corruption November
Ripe farm manure 2500kg/ mu.Spray fertilizer need to before that morning 10, carry out after at 4 in afternoon, avoid at noon high temperature time
Spray.
2. pruning: when ginkgo grows to 1～1.2m, shaping beta pruning.Its basic demand is that short dry major branch is clearly demarcated, point
Cloth is uniform, compact conformation, and ventilation and penetrating light is good, and tree crown is in natural knob type.
3. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: according to pest and disease damage regularity of occurrence and development, conscientiously implement the plant protection of " putting prevention first, integrated control "
Working policy, strict implement " NY/T393-2000 pollution-free food Pesticide use criterion ", based on cultural control, carry out plant
Quarantine, Biological control, physical control and chemical prevention etc., walk integrated control road.
(6) gather: Semen Ginkgo plantation can produce leaf then, and Folium Ginkgo optimal harvest time is the beginning of October at the bottom of JIUYUE, yellow in autumn
Gather completely before leaf.Fresh leaf should dry in time, can not be long placed in.
Comparative example:
Traditional Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo cultural method, step is as follows:
(1) location, garden select: select sunny, well-ventilated, soil layer is deep fertile, pH value be 6.5 7.5 place build
Garden.
(2) wholely: the fertilising in winter before field planting pesticide and disinfectant.Manuring and compost 3500kg/ mu, become thoroughly decomposed night soil
800kg/ mu, cake fertilizer 100kg/ mu, do not execute fresh fertilizer, use potassium amino acid 7kg/ mu, ferrous sulfate 6kg/ mu simultaneously, be ground into
Smalls mix homogeneously spreads people field, ploughs deeply soil 35cm comprehensively, freezes the further air slaking of fort soil through winter.Field planting first spring-time harrow then
Ground leveling, makees the high bed of furrow width 2m, high 30cm, furrow width 30cm.
(3) field planting: select that blade is big, leaf color is dark green, flavonol glycosides content is high, Leaf yield per plant is high, 2 years raw breeding individual plants,
Requirement root system is complete, and terminal bud is full, without pest and disease damage.Primary excavation in March cave field planting (cave specification is 30 × 30 × 30cm), seeding row spacing 40 ×
100cm, bankets while tread, and plants to finish to irrigate and determines root water.
(4) rich water quality management: 5,6, August respectively spray 25kg/ mu carbamide once, choosing in July cloudy day foliage-spray 20kg/ mu phosphorus
Acid dihydride potassium once, the same day spray the time preferably before at 10 in the morning, after at 4 in afternoon, avoid at noon high temperature time spray.Note
Rational Irrigation and draining, should irrigate when soil moisture content is less than 30% in time, beyond when 90% it is noted that draining.
(5) cutting strunk is pruned: field planting unsuitable cutting strunk then is pruned, and grows in order to root regeneration.Second Year spring bud sprout before away from
At the 30cm of ground, cutting strunk processes, and erases terminal bud less than 30cm, inspires shoot, when shoot grows to 10 15 centimetres, by different
Selecting and remain 35 major branches in direction, remaining branch cuts off, when major branch grows to 30cm, and pinching again, promote it and sprout side shoot again.Height of tree control
System is at about 1.8m.
(6) picking leaves: sampling time is with optimal at the beginning of by the end of September 10 months, and now blade inclusions and leaf-making quantity are the highest.Fresh leaf should and
Time dry, can not be long placed in.
Interpretation of result:
Table (1) (2) is the results contrast to comparative example with embodiment 1-3 (equal two parallel group of every example) below:
Table (1) comparative example compares with embodiment 1-3 plantation the 3rd annual output leaf
Table (2) comparative example leaf yield total with embodiment 1-3 compares
It is last it should be noted that, the present invention is only protected by above example in order to technical scheme to be described
The restriction of scope, although being explained in detail the present invention with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art should manage
Solve, technical scheme can be modified or equivalent, without deviating from technical solution of the present invention essence and
Scope.
Claims (9)
1. a Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo cultural method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps of
(1) selection of land is wholely: selects soil layer loose, loam that irrigation condition is good deep, fertile or sandy loam as location, garden, works as in plantation
After year beginning of spring, soil thawed, using well-rotted farmyard manure as base fertilizer, amount of application is 2500 ~ 3000kg/ mu, soil deeptillage 30 ~
50cm, leveling of raking the soil level, make the high bed of wide 1 ~ 1.2m, high 10cm, furrow width 30cm, water permeable to wait to sow；
(2) seed treatment: 13 ~ 17 days prior to seeding, seed is placed in container, be stirred continuously addition clear water to do not had seed 5 ~
10cm, drift is removed flat seed, is soaked seed and make its seed coat soften, pull out after the seed imbibition breach of 70% ~ 80%；
(3) sowing: be that 450 ~ 540/kg gingko seeds is equal with the application rate of every mu of 100-120kg by quality standard in 3 ~ April
Even being sown on high bed, fetch earth to seed earthing from ditch, thickness of earth covering reaches 5 ~ 8cm；
(4) thinning；
(5) field management: 1. weeding fertilising；2. pruning；3. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
(6) gather.
A kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step 3), sowing uses
The mode of sowing in the field builds garden.
A kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that planting density in described step 3)
Reach 50,000 plants/acre.
A kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step 4) thinning is specifically grasped
Make as follows: 1. after plantation picking leaves in the 3rd year, carry out thinning first, its method be Semen Ginkgo plantation close quarters digging 50% ~
The seedling of 60% is transplanted, and pulls out disease Seedling, weak Seedling；2. after plantation picking leaves in the 4th year, carry out second time thinning, its method
It is to transplant at Semen Ginkgo seedling of the close quarters digging 50% ~ 60% of the growth of one-year age after thinning first, and
Pull out disease Seedling, weak Seedling；3. after plantation picking leaves in the 6th year, carry out final singling, choose robust growth, plant final singling without pest and disease damage, its
His Semen Ginkgo seedling is used for transplanting after removing sick Seedling, weak Seedling.
A kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the silver fallen in the middle of described step 4)
Fructus Pruni Seedling is used for transplanting.
A kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step 4) with 50 ×
The spacing in the rows final singling of 50cm.
A kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that final singling density in described step 4)
It it is 2600 plants/acre.
A kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step 5) weeding fertilising
Semen Ginkgo plants first year every weeding in February once, later annual weeding in June once, weeding in November once, Semen Ginkgo plants first year
Applying fertilizer at quarterly intervals once, applying fertilizer is carbamide 15 ~ 25kg/ mu and potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer 10 ~ 20kg/ mu, uses broadcast application
Fertilizer is uniformly sprinkling upon on high bed, the most annual 3,5, August respectively spray carbamide 25 ~ 35kg/ mu, 20 ~ 30kg/ mu, 35 ~
45kg/ mu, sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate 25 ~ 35kg/ mu July, spreads fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure 2000 ~ 2500kg/ mu November.
A kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the picking leaves time limit in described step 6)
Can reach 12 ~ 15 years.
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| CN107517812A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2017-12-29 | 蒋秋凤 | A kind of implantation methods of ginkgo |
| CN110326481A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-10-15 | 盐城工学院 | A kind of ginkgo shrubization cultural method |
| CN110447450A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-11-15 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of ginkgo leaf, the dual-purpose woods of seedling breeding method |
| CN111108999A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-05-08 | 湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所 | Ginkgo leaf cutting garden management method |
| CN111418430A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-07-17 | 扬州大学 | Method for improving yield of ginkgo leaves |
| CN112189495A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2021-01-08 | 盐城工学院 | Planting method of leaf gingko |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107517812A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2017-12-29 | 蒋秋凤 | A kind of implantation methods of ginkgo |
| CN110326481A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-10-15 | 盐城工学院 | A kind of ginkgo shrubization cultural method |
| CN110447450A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-11-15 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of ginkgo leaf, the dual-purpose woods of seedling breeding method |
| CN110447450B (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2021-09-21 | 南京林业大学 | Cultivation method of ginkgo leaf and seedling dual-purpose forest |
| CN111108999A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-05-08 | 湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所 | Ginkgo leaf cutting garden management method |
| CN111418430A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-07-17 | 扬州大学 | Method for improving yield of ginkgo leaves |
| CN112189495A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2021-01-08 | 盐城工学院 | Planting method of leaf gingko |
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| CN106212188B (en) | 2019-06-14 |
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Address after: 445000 Qiliping Industrial Park, Enshi City, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province Patentee after: Zhizhengtang Pharmaceutical Enshi Co.,Ltd. Address before: 445000 150 Jingui Avenue, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province Patentee before: Enshi Kyushu Medicine Development Co.,Ltd. |
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Denomination of invention: A high-quality and high-yield cultivation method for Ginkgo biloba leaves Granted publication date: 20190614 Pledgee: Hankou Bank Co.,Ltd. Enshi Branch Pledgor: Zhizhengtang Pharmaceutical Enshi Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024980036571 |