CN110447450B - Cultivation method of ginkgo leaf and seedling dual-purpose forest - Google Patents
Cultivation method of ginkgo leaf and seedling dual-purpose forest Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of a ginkgo leaf and seedling dual-purpose forest, and belongs to the technical field of ginkgo forest cultivation. In the 1 st year, high-density seedling culture is carried out, and leaf ginkgo forest culture is realized; combining leaf picking and thinning in 2 to 4 or 5 years to realize the cultivation of the ginkgo forest for both leaves and seedlings, and then carrying out the cultivation of the ginkgo forest for seedlings after one thinning; the seedling density in the 1 st year is 6-7 ten thousand plants/mu. The method of the invention can harvest 2000 jin/mu of ginkgo leaves in the 1 st year, can continuously maintain the yield of about 2500 jin/mu in the following years, and has higher flavonoid content in the harvested ginkgo leaves and higher medicinal value. Thinning can be carried out in winter of the year after leaf picking or 1-3 months of the next year, thinned saplings can be sold, cultivation of the leaf and seedling dual-purpose ginkgo forest is realized, the yield is considerable in the year, the method can greatly improve the planting enthusiasm of enterprises and farmers, and has important practical significance and important popularization value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ginkgo forest cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of a ginkgo leaf and seedling dual-purpose forest.
Background
Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo biloba L.) is a special tree species in China, leaves of the Ginkgo biloba have important medicinal value, and the Ginkgo biloba leaves contain important compounds such as flavonoids, terpene lactones and the like and have the effects of resisting oxidation, treating cardiovascular diseases and the like, so that the Ginkgo biloba planted in a main production area is mainly used for leaf picking. However, according to the traditional planting method, the planting period of ginkgo is long, and the market price of ginkgo leaves is unstable, so that the ginkgo leaf planting method is seriously low in recent years, if ginkgo leaves are only used for leaf picking, particularly 1-2 years after sowing, the early profit is difficult to obtain, the income of enterprises and farmers is low, the phenomena of enterprise transformation, seed abandonment of farmers and the like are caused, and the development of the ginkgo industry is seriously influenced. In addition, in the process of the ginkgo leaf forest management, the planting density and water and fertilizer regulation and control are the main factors influencing the yield and quality of ginkgo leaves at present, are influenced by land rent and yield benefits, effectively utilize land resources to the maximum extent, effectively improve the yield and quality of ginkgo leaves and ginkgo seedlings, realize quick and efficient yield, and are the most concerned problems for farmers and enterprises. Therefore, how to plant the ginkgo seedlings with the highest density as possible on the limited land, the growing space of the seedlings is utilized to the maximum, the land is saved, the leaves and the seedlings are used for two purposes, and the method is a key problem for realizing early, quick and lasting benefits of farmers and enterprises.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of low planting density and single operation mode of ginkgo leaf forest in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a cultivation method of ginkgo leaf and seedling dual-purpose forest.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for cultivating folium Ginkgo and seedling forest comprises culturing seedling in high density in the 1 st year to obtain high leaf yield and realize leaf cultivation of folium Ginkgo forest; combining leaf picking and thinning in 2 to 4 or 5 years to realize the cultivation of the ginkgo leaf and seedling dual-purpose forest, and then carrying out seedling cultivation after one thinning; the seedling raising density in the 1 st year is 6-7 ten thousand plants/mu.
According to the cultivation method of the ginkgo leaf and seedling dual-purpose forest, 3-3.5 thousands of seedlings per mu are left after seedlings are planted in the 2 nd year, 2-2.3 thousands of seedlings per mu are left after seedlings are planted in the 3 rd year, 4000-5000 seedlings per mu are left after seedlings are planted in the 4 th year, 2000-3000 seedlings per mu are left after seedlings are planted in the 5 th year, and 500-800 seedlings per mu are left after seedlings are planted in the 6 th year.
According to the cultivation method of the ginkgo leaf and seedling dual-purpose forest, the first year sowing time is March in spring, and the annual leaf picking time is 8-10 last ten days.
The cultivation method of the ginkgo leaf and seedling dual-purpose forest comprises the following steps of cultivation of the ginkgo leaf and seedling dual-purpose forest, water and fertilizer management: applying 90-100kg of first compound fertilizer per mu at the end of 2 months or at the beginning of 3 months every year, wherein the total nutrient of the first compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 57 percent, N: P: K is 19:19 or the total nutrient is more than or equal to 41 percent, and N: P: K is 22:7: 12; applying a second compound fertilizer at the bottom of 5 months or at the beginning of 6 months, wherein the using amount of the second compound fertilizer is 90-100 kg/mu, the total nutrient of the second compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 57 percent, N: P: K is 19:19 or the total nutrient is more than or equal to 48 percent, and N: P: K is 16: 16; topdressing 2 times of water-soluble fertilizer in 7 months, wherein the dosage of the water-soluble fertilizer is 15-20 kg/mu each time, the water-soluble fertilizer is diammonium phosphate or monopotassium phosphate, the N in the diammonium phosphate is 20-21%, and the P is P2O550% -55%; p in the potassium dihydrogen phosphate2O5≥51.5％、K2O is more than or equal to 34.0 percent, and 90-100 kg/mu of third compound fertilizer and 2.5 kg/mu of phosphoric acid diamine are additionally applied at the end of 7 months or 8 months, wherein the total nutrient of the third compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 57 percent, and N, P and K are 18, 18 and 18.
The cultivation method of the ginkgo leaf and seedling dual-purpose forest is characterized in that land trimming and fertilization management are carried out before sowing: selecting a land section with leveling, fertile soil, convenient traffic and complete facilities as a cultivation base in 3 months of the previous year to the next year, scattering about 2-3 tons of base fertilizer into the soil when plowing and leveling the land, and then applying 100-200 kg of compound fertilizer into the land; the base fertilizer is fermented chicken manure or pig manure, the total nutrient of the compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 57 percent, and the ratio of N to P to K is 19 to 19.
The cultivation method of the ginkgo leaf and seedling dual-purpose forest is characterized in that seeds are soaked and germinated before sowing, and are sowed by adopting a tractor or manpower, and the seeds are used for 150-200 kg/mu.
The cultivation method of the ginkgo leaf and seedling dual-purpose forest comprises the following steps of 1, after emergence of seedlings, water and fertilizer management: applying a long-acting compound fertilizer of 50 kg/mu once in 4-5 months, wherein the total nutrient of the long-acting compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 48 percent, and the ratio of N to P to K is 16 to 16; after 6-9 months, the water-soluble fertilizer is applied for 2 times in combination with a watering device, and the dosage is used every time10-20 kg/mu; the 2-time water-soluble fertilizer is respectively phosphoric acid diamine or potassium dihydrogen phosphate: wherein N is 20% -21% and P is contained in phosphoric diamine2O550% -55%, and P in the potassium dihydrogen phosphate2O5≥51.5％、K2O is more than or equal to 34.0 percent; the water soluble fertilizer is prepared by directly dissolving the fertilizer in water and spraying the fertilizer on the leaf surfaces in combination with watering, and can be changed according to the conditions of planting facilities and natural climate.
The cultivation method of the ginkgo leaf and seedling dual-purpose forest comprises the following steps of watering and weeding management: watering once every half month in 3-6 months every year, and carrying out leaf surface sprinkling irrigation every 5-7 days in 7-8 months every year, so that the watering function and the cooling function are realized, watering once every month in 9-10 months, and watering in a plurality of drought regions appropriately in winter; weeding is carried out once in 3-5 months and 6-8 months respectively.
According to the cultivation method of the ginkgo leaf and seedling dual-purpose forest, pest damage management is performed after emergence of seedlings in the 1 st year: selecting a pest killing lamp to prevent and control harmful insects; the pesticide consumption is reduced, and the quality of the leaves is maintained.
The cultivation method of the ginkgo leaf and seedling dual-purpose forest is characterized in that after thinning of old ginkgo leaf seedlings for more than 6 years, large seedling cultivation of greening forests or fruit forests is carried out.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention provides a density-decreasing leaf and seedling dual-purpose ginkgo forest cultivation mode, which gradually decreases from high density in a thinning mode every year, so that the density of seedlings is matched with the seedling age every year, and the leaves and the seedlings can be harvested by combining water and fertilizer regulation, so that the land resources are utilized most effectively and maximally.
(2) The invention can produce about 2000 jin of leaves in the first year by high-density seedling culture in the first year, and can gain 4000 yuan by calculating according to 2 yuan/jin; 3 thousands of thinning plants are combined, each plant is 0.2 yuan, 6000 yuan can be gained, the total income per mu reaches 1 ten thousand yuan, and the benefit is considerable. In the 2 nd year, the leaf yield per mu can reach 2500 jin/mu, 2 ten thousand plants are thinned, each plant has 0.3 yuan, and 6000 yuan is harvested per mu; the leaf yield can be stabilized above 2500 jin each year, the thinning amount is reduced, but the seedling age is increased, and the income is gradually increased.
(3) The content of the medicinal components in the cultured seedling leaves is high, the content of the total flavone in the 1-year-old ginkgo leaves can reach about 3.6 percent, the content of the total flavone in the 2-year-old seedling leaves can reach about 4.6 percent, and the content of the total flavone in the 3-4-year-old seedling leaves can reach about 3.5 percent; the height of 1 year old ginkgo seedling is 20-40 cm; the height of the 2-year-old seedlings is about 80-100 cm; the height of the 3-year-old seedlings is about 150-200 cm; the height of 4-year-old seedlings is about 250-300cm, and the ground diameter is 1.7-2.0 cm; the height of 5-year-old seedlings is 350-400cm, the ground diameter is 2.5-3.0cm, the trunks of the seedlings are straight, and the quality of the seedlings is high.
(4) The method for cultivating the ginkgo leaves and the ginkgo seedlings has the advantages that the method can be profitable in 1-2 years, the planting enthusiasm of enterprises and farmers is greatly improved, the leaves can be used for extracting flavone and lactone components to provide leaf sources for downstream enterprises, and the ginkgo seedlings can be sold to other areas, so that the ginkgo leaf orchard can be built again, and the ginkgo leaf orchard can also be used for greening and environmental protection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a high-density artificial drill seeding and seedling raising diagram of ginkgo;
FIG. 2 is a high-density mechanical seeding map of ginkgo biloba;
FIG. 3 is a high-density seedling forest map of high-aged ginkgo;
FIG. 4 is a foliar fertilizer application diagram of 1-year-old high-density seedling;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the harvest of high density 1 year old silver seedling leaves;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of an annual thinning process of Ginkgo biloba;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a tree for sale of 3-year old ginkgo biloba;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of 3-year-old seedlings of ginkgo after thinning out;
FIG. 9 is a seedling diagram of 3 years after thinning of ginkgo in the growing period;
FIG. 10 is a diagram of 4-year-old seedling of ginkgo after thinning.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
Basic conditions of the test park: the soil is sandy loam or loam, the pH value is about 5.5-8.5, the underground water level is below 1.0-15m, the salt content is not more than 0.1-0.2%, and the land is convenient to transport and complete in facilities.
The cultivation method of the ginkgo leaf and seedling dual-purpose forest comprises the following steps:
1 year-old high-density cultivation:
1) in 3 months of the previous year to the next year, a land section with smooth and fertile soil, convenient traffic and complete facilities is selected as a cultivation base, when plowing and land leveling are carried out, about 3 tons of fermented chicken manure is used as a base fertilizer to be scattered into the soil per mu of land, and then 150kg of compound fertilizer (total nutrient is more than or equal to 57 percent, and N: P: K is 19: 19) is applied into the land.
2) The seeds are sowed in 3 months in spring, the seeds are sowed into soil in a row after being soaked and sprouted, and the seeds can be sowed by adopting a tractor or manually. 180 kg/mu of seeds are used, seedlings grow out after 10-15 days, and the planting density is about 6 ten thousand plants/mu.
3) After seedling emergence, normal watering management is carried out, long-acting compound fertilizer (total nutrient is more than or equal to 48 percent, N: P: K is 16: 16) is applied once in 5 months, the dosage is 50 kg/mu, and 2 times of water-soluble fertilizer (1 time of using diammonium phosphate: 20.8% of N, P2O553%, 1 time with potassium dihydrogen phosphate: p2O5≥51.5％、K2O is more than or equal to 34.0 percent, and foliage spraying is carried out by combining a watering device), and the dosage is 15 kg/mu each time. The height of the seedlings is 20-40cm and is different from the height of the seedlings 1 year after 9 months, and the leaves are picked in 9-10 months.
2-6 years of cultivation of leaf and seedling dual-purpose ginkgo forest:
1) thinning the ginkgo forest with the planting density of 6 ten thousand plants/mu for 1 year, namely, thinning the ginkgo forest with the planting density of 6 ten thousand plants/mu in 11-3 months of the next year, reserving 3 ten thousand plants/mu, and harvesting 3 ten thousand plants of 1 year seedlings. The height of the seedlings growing at the bottom of 10 months for 2 years is about 80-100cm, the ground diameter is 0.3-0.5 cm, the trunks of the seedlings are straight, and the quality of the seedlings is high; leaves are picked in 9-10 months, and about 2500 jin of leaves can be harvested.
2) Thinning the ginkgo forest which grows 3 plants/mu in 2 years once again, thinning 2/3 seedlings, leaving 1 ten thousand seedlings, and harvesting 2 ten thousand seedlings which grow 2 years. The height of the seedlings growing at the bottom of 10 months for 3 years is about 150-200cm, the ground diameter is 0.8-1.2 cm, the trunks of the seedlings are straight, and the quality of the seedlings is high; leaves are picked in 9-10 months, and about 2500 jin of leaves can be harvested.
3) Thinning is carried out again in 1-3 months on ginkgo forest growing about 1 ten thousand plants/mu in 3 years, 5000-6000 plants/mu of seedlings are remained, and 4000-5000 plants/mu of 3-year-grown seedlings are harvested. The height of 4-year-old seedlings is 250-300cm at the bottom of 10 months, the ground diameter is 1.7-2.0 cm, the trunks of the seedlings are straight, and the quality of the seedlings is high; leaves are picked in 9-10 months, and about 2500 jin of leaves can be harvested.
4) And (3) thinning the ginkgo forest growing 5000-6000 plants/mu in 4 years again in 1-3 months, reserving 2000-3000 plants/mu, and harvesting 2000-3000 plants/mu of 3-year-old seedlings. The height of 5-year-old seedlings is 350-400cm at the bottom of 10 months, the ground diameter is 2.5-3.0cm, the trunks of the seedlings are straight, and the quality of the seedlings is high; leaves are picked in 9-10 months, and about 2500 jin of leaves can be harvested.
5) 100kg of compound fertilizer (total nutrient is more than or equal to 57 percent, N: P: K is 19:19 or total nutrient is more than or equal to 41 percent, N: P: K is 22:7: 12) is applied for the first time at the beginning of 3 months at the bottom of 2 months every year for 1 time per mu. Applying a second compound fertilizer (total nutrient is more than or equal to 57%, N: P: K is 19:19 or total nutrient is more than or equal to 48%, N: P: K is 16: 16) at the beginning of 6 months at the bottom of 5 months, wherein the dosage is 100 kg/mu; applying 2 additional water soluble fertilizers (1 time of phosphoric acid diamine, N is 20.8%, P) per mu in 7 months2O553%, 1 time with potassium dihydrogen phosphate: p2O5≥51.5％、K2O is more than or equal to 34.0 percent, and foliage spraying is carried out by combining a watering device), and the dosage of the water soluble fertilizer is 15 kg/mu each time. Applying 100kg of compound fertilizer for the third time (total nutrient is more than or equal to 57%, N, P and K are 18:18, 2.5kg of phosphoric acid diamine, N is 20.8%, and P is applied to the first 8 months at the bottom of 7 months2O553%) once.
6) And (4) other management: and carrying out management such as watering, weeding and the like at proper time according to local climate conditions. Generally, water is watered once per half month in 3-6 months, leaf surface sprinkling irrigation is carried out every 5 days in 7-8 months in summer, the watering function and the cooling function are achieved, water is watered once per month in 9-10 months, and a plurality of drought waters are properly watered according to the conditions in winter. Optionally weeding once in 3-5 months and 6-8 months respectively.
7) Over 6 years old seedling is cultivated by forest
The seedlings of the old ginkgo which grow for more than 6 years can be continuously thinned for large seedling cultivation and used for greening or fruit forest cultivation.
The density of the seedlings can reach 6 ten thousand plants/mu through high-density seedling culture in the 1 st year, about 2000 jin of leaves can be produced in the 1 st year, and 4000 yuan can be gained by calculating according to 2 yuan/jin; 3 thousands of thinning plants are combined, each plant is 0.2 yuan, 6000 yuan can be gained, 1 million yuan is totally input per mu, and the benefit is considerable. In the 2 nd year, the leaf yield per mu can reach 2500 jin/mu, 2 ten thousand plants are thinned, each plant has 0.3 yuan, and 6000 yuan is harvested per mu; the leaf yield can be stabilized above 2500 jin each year, the thinning amount is reduced, but the seedling age is increased, and the income is gradually increased. The ultraviolet spectrophotometer method is utilized to determine the content of the medicinal components in the leaves of the ginkgo seedlings, and the result is as follows: the content of the total flavonoids in the 1-year-old ginkgo seedlings can reach about 3.6 percent, the content of the total flavonoids in the 2-year-old ginkgo seedlings can reach about 4.6 percent, and the content of the total flavonoids in the 3-4-year-old ginkgo seedlings can reach about 3.5 percent; the test results show that the ginkgo leaves produced by the method have good quality and can be used for extracting medicinal flavonoids.
Claims (1)
1. A method for cultivating ginkgo leaf and seedling dual-purpose forest is characterized in that the high-density seedling cultivation is realized in the 1 st year to realize the cultivation of the ginkgo leaf forest; combining leaf picking and thinning in 2 to 4 or 5 years to realize the cultivation of the ginkgo leaf and seedling dual-purpose forest, and then carrying out seedling cultivation after one thinning; the seedling density in the 1 st year is 6-7 ten thousand plants/mu; 3-3.5 ten thousand plants/mu are left after the seedling in the 2 nd year, 2-2.3 ten thousand plants/mu are left after the seedling in the 3 rd year, 4000 minus year plus plant/mu are left after the seedling in the 4 th year, 2000 minus year plus plant/mu are left after the seedling in the 5 th year, and 500 minus year plus plant/mu are left after the seedling in the 6 th year; after the seedlings of the old ginkgo of more than 6 years are thinned, the method is used for cultivating the big seedlings of greening forests or fruit forests;
sowing time in the 1 st year is March in spring, and leaf picking time in the last 8-10 months each year;
land dressing and fertilization management are carried out before sowing: in 3 months of the previous year to the next year, a land section with leveling, fertile soil, convenient traffic and complete facilities is selected as a cultivation base, 2-3 tons of base fertilizer is scattered into the soil when plowing and leveling the land, and then 100-200 kg of compound fertilizer is applied into the land; the base fertilizer is fermented chicken manure or pig manure, the total nutrient of the compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 57 percent, and N is P: K =19:19: 19;
before sowing, seeds are soaked for accelerating germination, and are sowed into soil in a row mode, a tractor or manpower is adopted for sowing, and the seeds are sowed by 150-;
and (3) water and fertilizer management after seedling emergence in the 1 st year: applying the long-acting compound fertilizer once in 4-5 months, wherein the dosage is 50 kg/mu, and the long-acting compound fertilizer comprises more than or equal to 48% of total nutrients and N, P, K =16, 16 and 16; spraying 2 times of water-soluble fertilizer by combining a watering device for 6-9 months, wherein the dosage of each time is 10-20 kg/mu; the 2-time water-soluble fertilizer is respectively phosphoric acid diamine or potassium dihydrogen phosphate: wherein N =20% -21% in phosphoric diamine, P2O5=50% -55%, P in the potassium dihydrogen phosphate2O5≥51.5%、K2O is more than or equal to 34.0 percent; the water soluble fertilizer is prepared by directly dissolving a fertilizer in water and spraying the fertilizer on the leaf surfaces in combination with watering;
pest management is carried out after emergence of seedlings in the 1 st year: selecting a pest killing lamp to prevent and control harmful insects;
water and fertilizer management of leaf and seedling dual-purpose forest cultivation: applying a first compound fertilizer at the end of 2 months or at the beginning of 3 months every year, wherein the using amount is 90-100 kg/mu, the total nutrient of the first compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 57 percent, N is P and K =19:19:19 or the total nutrient is more than or equal to 41 percent, and N is P and K =22:7: 12; applying a second compound fertilizer at the bottom of 5 months or at the beginning of 6 months, wherein the using amount of the second compound fertilizer is 90-100 kg/mu, the total nutrient of the second compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 57 percent, N is P and K =19:19:19 or the total nutrient is more than or equal to 48 percent, and N is P and K =16:16: 16; and (3) topdressing 2 times of water-soluble fertilizer in 7 months, wherein the dosage of the water-soluble fertilizer is 15-20 kg/mu each time, and the water-soluble fertilizer is diammonium phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate: n =20% -21% and P in the phosphoric acid diamine2O5=50% -55%; topdressing a third compound fertilizer and diamine phosphate at the bottom of 7 months or at the beginning of 8 months, wherein the total nutrient of the third compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 57 percent, N, P, K =18, and the dosage is 90-100 kg/mu; the dosage of the phosphoric acid diamine is 2.5 kg/mu;
watering and weeding management: watering every half month in 3-6 months every year; carrying out leaf surface sprinkling irrigation every 5-7 days in 7-8 months; watering once a month in 9-10 months, and watering if the drought occurs in winter; weeding is carried out once in 3-5 months and 6-8 months respectively.
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Application publication date: 20191115 Assignee: Jiangsu Qinghao Landscape Horticulture Co.,Ltd. Assignor: NANJING FORESTRY University|Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Sihu Town, Pizhou City|Pizhou Jinxiu LVYE seedling planting professional cooperative Contract record no.: X2022980012876 Denomination of invention: A kind of cultivation method of Ginkgo biloba biloba and seedling dual-purpose forest Granted publication date: 20210921 License type: Common License Record date: 20220818 |
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| EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract | ||
| EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract |
Application publication date: 20191115 Assignee: NANJING LVZHOU PECAN CO.,LTD. Assignor: NANJING FORESTRY University|Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Sihu Town, Pizhou City|Pizhou Jinxiu LVYE seedling planting professional cooperative Contract record no.: X2022980013077 Denomination of invention: A kind of cultivation method of Ginkgo biloba biloba and seedling dual-purpose forest Granted publication date: 20210921 License type: Common License Record date: 20220819 |