CN109168519B - Annual fertilization method for adult plum trees - Google Patents

Annual fertilization method for adult plum trees Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109168519B
CN109168519B CN201811210548.3A CN201811210548A CN109168519B CN 109168519 B CN109168519 B CN 109168519B CN 201811210548 A CN201811210548 A CN 201811210548A CN 109168519 B CN109168519 B CN 109168519B
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fertilizer
applying
fruit
compound fertilizer
plum trees
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CN109168519A (en
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姜翠翠
叶新福
方智振
周丹蓉
潘少霖
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Pomology Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Pomology Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting

Abstract

The invention discloses an annual fertilization method for adult plum trees, which comprises the following steps: (1) base fertilizer: applying base fertilizer in the late autumn to the early winter after fruit picking, wherein the fertilizer amount accounts for 60-65% of the whole year; (2) flower strengthening fertilizer: applying 17kg of compound fertilizer and boron-zinc fertilizer to each mu before blooming, wherein the application amount accounts for 5-10% of the total year; (3) fruit stabilizing fertilizer: after the young fruit is hardened, applying 17-34kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer and 17kg of potassium fertilizer per mu, applying 0.5-1kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer and 0.5kg of potassium fertilizer per plant, wherein the fertilizing amount accounts for 15-20% of the whole year; (4) fruit strengthening fertilizer: applying 17-34kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer per mu before fruit ripening and picking, and applying 0.5-1kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer per plant, wherein the fertilizing amount accounts for 5% -10% of the whole year. The method of the invention enables the fertilization management of the adult plum trees to be more scientific, reasonable, economical and effective, achieves high quality, high yield and stable yield in successive years, and greatly improves the economic benefit.

Description

Annual fertilization method for adult plum trees
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and particularly relates to an annual fertilization method for adult plum trees.
Background
The fertilizer is grain of fruit trees, is an important technical measure in fruit tree production management, and directly influences the growth, yield, fruit quality and economic benefit of fruit trees according to whether the type, quantity and period of orchard fertilization are reasonable or not. Different fruit trees have different fertilizer requirements and different fertilizing methods, and how to scientifically fertilize according to the growth and development rules of the fruit trees is the basis for realizing quality and efficiency improvement of orchards.
Prunus plant of Prunus of Prunoideae of Prunaceae is widely cultivated all over the world, and Prunus cerasifera is one of the largest cultivars. Plum is moderately sour and sweet and has excellent flavor. However, in the prior production, most of plum is processed, the variety of fresh plum is less, the cultivation and management of plum trees are extensive, particularly, the fertilization technology is lack, the soil organic matter is low in the production, and the fertilizer is used too much; macroelements and microelements are not properly matched, and insufficient fertilization and excessive fertilization coexist, so that the nutrient of soil is unbalanced, deficient and excessive; the fertilizer application time is improper, so that the fertilizer effect is moved backwards or the fertilizer is removed at the later stage; the problems of improper fertilization method, single fertilization mode, improper fertilization depth and the like cause low utilization rate of the fertilizer in the orchard, and the fertilizer is remarkably wasted, so that the yield is low and the quality is poor. At present, the annual fertilization method of the adult plum trees is less researched, the method is a method suitable for annual fertilization of the adult plum trees according to years of production practice experiences, the fertilization period, the fertilization type and the fertilization quantity of the adult plum trees are determined, the nutrient supply is balanced, scientific, reasonable and effective, the plum trees achieve high quality, high yield and stable yield in successive years, and the economic benefit is greatly improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a year-round fertilization method for adult plum trees, which is scientific, reasonable, economic and effective, is an effective way for achieving high quality, high yield and stable yield of the adult plum orchard in successive years, and can ensure that the economic income of fruit growers is steadily increased.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an annual fertilization method for adult plum trees comprises the following steps:
(1) base fertilizer: applying base fertilizer from the end of autumn to the beginning of winter (11-12 months) after fruit picking, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer is 60-65% of the total year, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 680-1020kg per mu, and is 20-30kg per plant on average;
(2) flower strengthening fertilizer: applying 17kg of compound fertilizer and boron zinc fertilizer per mu before flowering, and applying 0.5kg of compound fertilizer and boron zinc fertilizer per plant, wherein the fertilizing amount accounts for 5-10% of the whole year;
(3) fruit stabilizing fertilizer: applying 17-34kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer and 17kg of potassium fertilizer per mu after the young fruit harding period, wherein 0.5-1.0kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer and 0.5kg of potassium fertilizer are applied per plant, and the fertilizing amount accounts for 15-20% of the whole year;
(4) fruit strengthening fertilizer: applying 17-34kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer per mu before fruit ripening and picking, and applying 0.5-1.0kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer per plant, wherein the fertilizing amount accounts for 5% -10% of the whole year.
Further, the tree age of the adult plum tree is more than 6 years.
Further, the organic fertilizer in the step (1) is retted decomposed chicken manure.
Further, the fertilizing method of the organic fertilizer in the step (1) is a hole application method, and the hole depth is 40-50 cm.
Furthermore, the fertilizing method of the steps (2) and (3) is a furrow application method, the furrow depth is 10-20cm, and fertilizers can also be directly applied to on rainy days or one day before rainy days and irrigated by rainwater.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: aiming at the problems that the fertilizer efficiency is moved backwards due to the fact that no or little fertilizer is applied in autumn or base fertilizer is applied in autumn late, topdressing is applied in spring early, and blindness and randomness are high; the problems that the sweetness of fruits is not enough and the like due to low potassium fertilizer input in the fruit growth and development period are solved, the annual fertilization period, the fertilizer types and the fertilizer quantity of the adult plum trees are determined, and the low utilization rate of the fertilizer or the astonishing waste of the fertilizer in the orchard, which is caused by the traditional fertilization habits such as 'one shot blast', and the like, are avoided. The invention has scientific, reasonable, economic and effective technology, leads the plum tree to achieve high quality, high yield and stable yield in successive years, and greatly improves the economic benefit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1:
the implementation time is as follows: 2015-2016
The implementation place is as follows: a Fujian province Ningde city Gutian county Fuda village cottonrose plum orchard (7-year-old tree age) is planted with 34 cottonrose plums in 50 mu area per mu.
The specific implementation method comprises the following steps:
(1) base fertilizer: and (4) performing hole application of base fertilizer on the hibiscus plums in 11-18 months in 2015, wherein 30kg of chicken manure is applied to each plums, and 1020kg of chicken manure is applied to each plums per mu.
(2) Flower strengthening fertilizer: in 2016, 2 months and 25 days, 0.5kg of compound fertilizer and 0.5kg of boron-zinc fertilizer are applied in furrow to each hibiscus plum, and 17kg of compound fertilizer and boron-zinc fertilizer are respectively applied per mu.
(3) Fruit stabilizing fertilizer: in 2016, 4 months and 28 days, 0.5kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer and 0.5kg of potassium fertilizer are applied in each cottonrose plum ditch, and 17kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer and 17kg of potassium fertilizer are applied per mu.
(4) Fruit strengthening fertilizer: in 2016, 6 months and 23 days, 1.0kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied to each hibiscus plum ditch, and 34kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied per mu.
The method is used for fertilizing the hibiscus plums, the yield per mu is measured in the current year and reaches 3275.3 kg, the soluble solid content reaches 12.2 percent, and the high quality and high yield are realized. The results are detailed in table 1:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
example 2:
the implementation time is as follows: 2016-2017
The implementation place is as follows: a Fujian province Ningde city ancient county, Pinghu Touda Furongchun plum orchard (tree age 8 years) is planted with 34 cottonseeds per mu, and the area is 50 mu.
The specific implementation method comprises the following steps:
(1) base fertilizer: in 2016, 11 months and 30 days, performing hole fertilization on the hibiscus plums, wherein 30kg of chicken manure is fertilized on each plant, and 1020kg of chicken manure is fertilized per mu.
(2) Flower strengthening fertilizer: in 2017, 3 and 05 months, 0.5kg of compound fertilizer and 0.5kg of boron-zinc fertilizer are applied in a furrow to each hibiscus plum, and 17kg of compound fertilizer and boron-zinc fertilizer are applied per mu.
(3) Fruit stabilizing fertilizer: in 21 days 4 months in 2017, 0.6kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer and 0.6kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each hibiscus plum ditch, and 20.4kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer and 20.4kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each mu.
(4) Fruit strengthening fertilizer: in 27 days 6 months in 2017, 1.0kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied to each hibiscus plum ditch, and 34kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied to each mu.
The method is used for fertilizing the hibiscus plum trees, the yield per mu is measured in the same year, the yield reaches 3293.5kg, the soluble solid content reaches 13.0 percent, and high quality and high yield are realized. The results are detailed in table 2:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
example 3:
the implementation time is as follows: 2017-2018
The implementation place is as follows: a Fujian province Ningde city Gutian county Fuda village cottonrose plum orchard (9-year old tree) is planted with 34 cottonrose plums in 50 mu area per mu.
The specific implementation method comprises the following steps:
(1) base fertilizer: and in 2017, in 11 and 25 months, performing hole application of base fertilizer on the hibiscus plums, wherein 25kg of chicken manure is applied to each plums, and 850kg of chicken manure is applied to each plums per mu.
(2) Flower strengthening fertilizer: in 23 days 2 months in 2018, 0.5kg of compound fertilizer and 0.5kg of boron-zinc fertilizer are applied in a furrow to each hibiscus plum, and 17kg of compound fertilizer and boron-zinc fertilizer are applied per mu.
(3) Fruit stabilizing fertilizer: in 2018, 5 months and 1 day, applying 0.5kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer and 0.5kg of potash fertilizer in each cottonrose plum ditch, and applying 17kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer and potash fertilizer respectively per mu.
(4) Fruit strengthening fertilizer: in 29 months 6 and 2018, 0.8kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied to each hibiscus plum ditch, and 27.2 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied to each mu.
The method is used for fertilizing the hibiscus plum trees, the yield is measured on site, the yield per mu reaches 3726.4 kg, the soluble solid reaches 14.5 percent, and high quality and high yield are realized. The results are detailed in table 3:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. An annual fertilization method for adult plum trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) base fertilizer: applying base fertilizers from the end of autumn to the beginning of winter after fruit picking, wherein 680 and 1020kg of organic fertilizers are applied to each mu, and 20-30kg of organic fertilizers are applied to each plant on average; the fertilizing amount accounts for 60 to 65 percent of the total year;
(2) flower strengthening fertilizer: applying 17kg of compound fertilizer and boron-zinc fertilizer per mu before flowering, and applying 0.5kg of compound fertilizer and boron-zinc fertilizer per plant; the fertilizing amount accounts for 5 to 10 percent of the whole year;
(3) fruit stabilizing fertilizer: applying 17-34kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer and 17kg of potash fertilizer per mu after the young fruit harding period, and applying 0.5-1kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer and 0.5kg of potash fertilizer per plant; the fertilizing amount accounts for 15 to 20 percent of the whole year;
(4) fruit strengthening fertilizer: applying 17-34kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer per mu before fruit ripening and picking, and applying 0.5-1kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer per plant; the fertilizing amount accounts for 5 to 10 percent of the whole year.
2. The method for applying fertilizer annually to adult plum trees according to claim 1, wherein the age of the adult plum trees is more than 6 years.
3. The method for annual fertilization of adult plum trees according to claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer in step (1) is retted decomposed chicken manure.
4. The annual fertilization method of the adult plum trees according to claim 1, wherein the fertilization method of the organic fertilizer in the step (1) is a hole fertilization method, and the hole depth is 40-50 cm.
5. The annual fertilization method of the adult plum trees according to claim 1, wherein the fertilization method of the steps (2) and (3) is a furrow fertilization method, and the furrow depth is 10-20 cm.
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08126420A (en) * 1994-11-01 1996-05-21 Fukuoka Pref Gov Method for culturing fruit tree
CN101015262A (en) * 2007-03-09 2007-08-15 陕西中农瑞丰化肥科技有限责任公司 Accurate fertilization method for apple tree
CN103583132A (en) * 2013-10-17 2014-02-19 固镇县玉鹏蔬菜开发有限责任公司 Annual fertilizing method of fruit trees
CN105746063A (en) * 2016-03-03 2016-07-13 张志莲 Fertilizing method for increasing apple yield
CN107660437A (en) * 2017-10-31 2018-02-06 博白县富山水果种植专业合作社 A kind of production implantation methods of selenium-rich plum

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1010544B (en) * 1986-12-30 1990-11-28 航空工业部六○二研究所 Determination of soil fertility and optimization for manure-applying
JP2002037690A (en) * 2000-07-25 2002-02-06 Hiroshi Ito A fertilization block and a method for fertilization
CN102939880B (en) * 2012-11-27 2014-01-08 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所 Standardized planting method for black plum
CN103880508B (en) * 2014-03-20 2016-04-13 西北农林科技大学 A kind of arid hillside field apple specialing fertilizer material and preparation method thereof
CN105325246A (en) * 2015-11-04 2016-02-17 巫溪县酒全种植专业合作社 Planting method of plum tree

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08126420A (en) * 1994-11-01 1996-05-21 Fukuoka Pref Gov Method for culturing fruit tree
CN101015262A (en) * 2007-03-09 2007-08-15 陕西中农瑞丰化肥科技有限责任公司 Accurate fertilization method for apple tree
CN103583132A (en) * 2013-10-17 2014-02-19 固镇县玉鹏蔬菜开发有限责任公司 Annual fertilizing method of fruit trees
CN105746063A (en) * 2016-03-03 2016-07-13 张志莲 Fertilizing method for increasing apple yield
CN107660437A (en) * 2017-10-31 2018-02-06 博白县富山水果种植专业合作社 A kind of production implantation methods of selenium-rich plum

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