CN106538336A - It is a kind of to be colonized the cultural method that the tender Seedling of Folium Eriobotryae grafting is gone into operation ahead of time - Google Patents
It is a kind of to be colonized the cultural method that the tender Seedling of Folium Eriobotryae grafting is gone into operation ahead of time Download PDFInfo
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- CN106538336A CN106538336A CN201611129656.9A CN201611129656A CN106538336A CN 106538336 A CN106538336 A CN 106538336A CN 201611129656 A CN201611129656 A CN 201611129656A CN 106538336 A CN106538336 A CN 106538336A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of field planting Folium Eriobotryae grafting cultural method that tender Seedling is gone into operation ahead of time, and which is constituted by managing after cultivating seedlings, planting pit preparation, Seeding planting, field planting；The cultural method is sowed to the garden cycle is gone out within 1 year from nursery stock, and more traditional growing-seedling period shortens 12 years；And during seedling planting, because not damaging root, branch, leaf so that seedling-slowing stage after seedling planting is short, planting survival rates are high, and growing way it is neat；In addition, after cultural method field planting of the present invention, the formation operation tree crown time foreshortens to 2 years, more traditional plantation seedlings production time shortens more than 1 year, cultural method i.e. of the present invention being capable of relatively rapid formation tree crown, Folium Eriobotryae seedling is gone into operation ahead of time, reduced the building well time limit, reduced building well cost so as to shorten the building well cycle.
Description
【Technical field】
The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical field, and in particular to the cultivation that a kind of tender Seedling of field planting Folium Eriobotryae grafting is gone into operation ahead of time
Method.
【Background technology】
Folium Eriobotryae is south China characteristic evergreen fruit trees, and fruit the end of spring and the beginning of summer maturation, sweet and sour palatability are deep to be liked by consumer.
On Loquat growth, 2-3 life nutrient bags or naked root graft Seedling (stock seedling age 1-2,1 after grafting during building well, are generally colonized
Year)；Because seedling age is long, nursery stock is big, in order to ensure planting survival rates, needs to cut off the 1/3- of branch top tender shoots and every leaf during transplanting
1/2, to reduce loss of the leaf transpiration effect to moisture；And the root system of seedlings is damaged easily during transplanting, especially naked
Seedling root system is more easy to be damaged, so as to affect survival rate；In order to reach the purpose for downgrading tree crown, typically cut off too high branch top and do surely,
Substantial amounts of shoot and leaf growth amount has been lost.Because root, branch, leaf are damaged during transplanting, more than the 1 month slow seedling cycle, after field planting
3-5 could form high yield tree crown.
Therefore, those skilled in the art are highly desirable can a kind of cultural method of quick formation tree crown, so that Pi
Rake seedling can go into operation ahead of time, reduce the building well time limit, reduces building well cost.
【The content of the invention】
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of field planting Folium Eriobotryae grafting cultivation side that tender Seedling is gone into operation ahead of time
Method, can quickly form tree crown so that Folium Eriobotryae seedling can go into operation ahead of time, reduce the building well time limit, reduces building well cost.
The present invention is to solve above-mentioned technical problem by the following technical programs：A kind of tender Seedling of Folium Eriobotryae grafting that is colonized is thrown ahead of time
The cultural method of product, the cultural method are constituted by managing after cultivating seedlings, planting pit preparation, Seeding planting, field planting；Specifically include
Following operating procedure：
(1), cultivating seedlings：In 4-5 months, the Loquat Seeds of 2-3 grain full seeds are broadcast in each nutrient bag；
When seedling grows 2～3 true leaves, 0.2～0.3% commodity of mass concentration are applied every two weeks and be combined rich water
Fertilizer, or the mass ratio of become thoroughly decomposed people's animal manure and water be 1：20 liquid manure or ripe peanut cake fertilizer and the mass ratio of water are 1：20 liquid manure；
When seedling length to height 7-10cm, the weak nursery stock of growing way is removed, each nutrient bag leaves the strong stock of 1 plant of growing way
Seedling；In March in December to next year, select liftoff 10cm ± 2cm stems it is thick >=seedling of 0.6cm, leaf 2-5 pieces are stayed under interface, are adopted
With cut-grafting mode grafting, stock bud of being erased after grafting survival in time；When scion sprouting length is to 5～10cm, carry out nursery stock transplanting and
Field planting；
(2), planting pit prepares：Get out long 80-100cm, width 80-100cm, high 60-80cm to determine before being colonized first 2 months
Plant hole, and in each planting pit, layering applies 15kg ± 2kg fertilizers and 0.5-1kg plant ash, stirs with soil；
(3), Seeding planting：During by nursery stock transplanting with planting pit is colonized in, graft union and grafting tender shoots are protected, prevents from transferring
Interface loosens or grafting tender shoots is mechanically damaged；
(4) manage after, being colonized：When after field planting, nursery stock young sprout length is to 20cm ± 2cm, the dry terminal bud in center of non-pumping side shoot is plucked
The heart, promotes branch, and the strong side shoot culture of 3-4 growing way of selecting and remain is major branch；2-3 branch top is stayed after each major branch is taken out and sends out young sprout,
Culture becomes two grades of major branches；
Field planting later six months, the expansion cave ditch of width >=20cm, depth >=20cm is dug in planting pit periphery using ditch spread mode, is chased after
Organic commercial fertilizer 30-50kg/ strains are applied, is stirred with soil；
The month in next year 3-5 after field planting, using ditch spread mode it is upper wheel expand cave ditch periphery again dig width >=20cm, depth >=
The expansion cave ditch of 20cm, and organic commercial fertilizer 50kg/ strains are imposed, stir with soil；And the young sprout that major branch and two grades of major branches are sprouted
After staying 1-3, remaining is erased, and cultivates select and remain 0.9～1.5cm of rugosity, 20～60cm of length, the branch top of the number of blade 10～20
As a result.
Further, the cultural method also includes drawing branch to downgrade step, and specifically, the winter after field planting draws branch stunted tree
Hat, and adopt rope that major branch and two grades of major branches are pulled to branch top angle for 70-80 degree towards different directions respectively.
Further, the rope is kernmantle.
Further, the fertilizer in the planting pit preparation process is dry pig manure.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is：
The present invention is sowed to the garden cycle is gone out within 1 year from nursery stock, and more traditional growing-seedling period shortens 1-2；And nursery stock is fixed
During plant, because not damaging root, branch, leaf so that seedling-slowing stage after seedling planting is short, planting survival rates are high, and growing way it is neat；In addition,
After cultural method field planting of the present invention, the formation operation tree crown time foreshortens to 2 years, and more traditional plantation seedlings production time shortens 1 year
More than, i.e., cultural method of the present invention being capable of relatively rapid formation tree crown so that Folium Eriobotryae seedling can be gone into operation ahead of time, so as to shorten
The building well cycle reduces the building well time limit, reduces building well cost.
【Specific embodiment】
The cultural method that a kind of present invention tender Seedling of field planting Folium Eriobotryae grafting is gone into operation ahead of time, the cultural method is by cultivating seedlings, fixed
Plant hole preparation, Seeding planting, management composition after field planting；Specifically include following operating procedure：
(1), cultivating seedlings：In 4-5 months, ' liberation clock ' Folium Eriobotryae kind of 2-3 grain full seeds is broadcast in each nutrient bag
Son；
When seedling grows 2～3 true leaves, 0.2～0.3% commodity of mass concentration are applied every two weeks and be combined rich water
Fertilizer, or the mass ratio of become thoroughly decomposed people's animal manure and water be 1：20 liquid manure or ripe peanut cake fertilizer and the mass ratio of water are 1：20 liquid manure；
When seedling length to height 7-10cm, the weak nursery stock of growing way is removed, each nutrient bag leaves the strong stock of 1 plant of growing way
Seedling；In March in December to next year, select liftoff 10cm ± 2cm stems it is thick >=seedling of 0.6cm, leaf 2-5 pieces are stayed under interface, are adopted
With cut-grafting mode grafting, stock bud of being erased after grafting survival in time；When scion sprouting length is to 5～10cm, carry out nursery stock transplanting and
Field planting；
(2), planting pit prepares：Get out long 80-100cm, width 80-100cm, high 60-80cm to determine before being colonized first 2 months
Plant hole, and layering applies 15kg ± 2kg fertilizers (generally can select dry pig manure) and 0.5-1kg vegetations in each planting pit
Ash, is stirred with soil；
(3), Seeding planting：During by nursery stock transplanting with planting pit is colonized in, graft union and grafting tender shoots are protected, prevents from transferring
Interface loosens or grafting tender shoots is mechanically damaged；
(4) manage after, being colonized：When after field planting, nursery stock young sprout length is to 20cm ± 2cm, the dry terminal bud in center of non-pumping side shoot is plucked
The heart, promotes branch, and the strong side shoot culture of 3-4 growing way of selecting and remain is major branch；2-3 branch top is stayed after each major branch is taken out and sends out young sprout,
Culture becomes two grades of major branches；
Field planting later six months, the expansion cave ditch of width >=20cm, depth >=20cm is dug in planting pit periphery using ditch spread mode, is chased after
Organic commercial fertilizer 30-50kg/ strains are applied, is stirred with soil；
The month in next year 3-5 after field planting, using ditch spread mode it is upper wheel expand cave ditch periphery again dig width >=20cm, depth >=
The expansion cave ditch of 20cm, and organic commercial fertilizer 50kg/ strains are imposed, stir with soil；And the young sprout that major branch and two grades of major branches are sprouted
After staying 1-3, remaining is erased, and cultivates select and remain 0.9～1.5cm of rugosity, 20～60cm of length, the branch top of the number of blade 10～20
As a result.
Wherein, the cultural method also includes drawing branch to downgrade step, and specifically, the winter after field planting draws branch to downgrade tree crown,
And adopt rope that major branch and two grades of major branches are pulled to branch top angle for 70-80 degree, i.e. branch top and horizontal plane towards different directions respectively
Angle be 70-80 degree.Wherein rope is less likely damaged to the kernmantle of major branch, two grades of major branches using common and ratio.
In order to explanation is further elaborated to cultural method of the present invention, applicant gives following several embodiments,
And these embodiments are only exemplary, are not limited to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
In 4-5 months, the nutrient bag that bore is 10-20cm is taken, and 2-3 grain full seeds are broadcast in each nutrient bag
' liberation clock ' Loquat Seeds；When seedling grows 2～3 true leaves, a mass concentration 0.2-0.3% commodity are applied every two weeks
Compound fertilizer's liquid manure；When seedling length to height 7-10cm, the weak nursery stock of growing way is removed, each nutrient bag leaves the strong anvil of 1 plant of growing way
Wooden seedling；In March in December to next year, select liftoff 10cm ± 2cm stems it is thick >=seedling of 0.6cm, leaf 2-5 pieces are stayed under interface,
Using cut-grafting mode grafting ' bright red ' kind, stock bud of being erased after grafting survival in time；When scion sprouting length is to 5～10cm, enter
Row nursery stock transplanting and field planting；
Long 80-100cm, width 80-100cm, the planting pit of high 60-80cm were got out before field planting before 2 months, and at each
Layering in planting pit applies 15kg ± 2kg fertilizers (generally can select dry pig manure) and 0.5-1kg plant ash, equal with soil stirring
It is even；During by nursery stock transplanting with planting pit is colonized in, graft union and grafting tender shoots are protected, prevent graft union from loosening or grafting tender shoots
It is mechanically damaged；
When after field planting, nursery stock young sprout length is to 20cm ± 2cm, the dry terminal bud pinching in center of non-pumping side shoot promotes branch, choosing
The side shoot culture for staying 3-4 growing way strong is major branch；After each major branch is taken out and sends out young sprout 2-3 branch top, culture is stayed to become two grades of masters
Branch；
Field planting later six months, the expansion cave ditch of width >=20cm, depth >=20cm is dug in planting pit periphery using ditch spread mode, is chased after
Organic commercial fertilizer 30-50kg/ strains are applied, is stirred with soil；In the winter after field planting, (December after being colonized then is to next year
2 months) draw branch to downgrade tree crown, it is 70-80 that major branch and two grades of major branches are pulled to branch top angle towards different directions respectively with kernmantle
Degree, the month in next year 3-5 after field planting, expands expansion cave that cave ditch periphery again dig width, depth >=20cm in upper wheel using ditch spread mode
Ditch, and organic commercial fertilizer 50kg/ strains are imposed, stir with soil；And the young sprout sprouted of major branch and two grades of major branches stay 1-3 after its
Remaining erases, and cultivates select and remain 0.9～1.5cm of rugosity, 20～60cm of length, the branch top result of the number of blade 10～20.
In order to avoid repeating to illustrate, following examples are described only for difference.
Embodiment 2
Compared with Example 1, the difference of the present embodiment is：Institute's grafting is different with the Loquat Cultivars of field planting, this reality
Example is applied for ' early-middle Jurassic ' Loquat Cultivars；When seedling grows 2～3 true leaves, apply every two weeks and once become thoroughly decomposed people's animal manure and water
Mass ratio be 1：20 liquid manure.
Embodiment 3
Compared with Example 1, unique part of the present embodiment is that institute's grafting is different with the Loquat Cultivars of field planting, this enforcement
Example is ' new white No. 1 ' Loquat Cultivars；When seedling grows 2～3 true leaves, ripe peanut cake fertilizer is applied once with water every two weeks
Mass ratio is 1：20 liquid manure.
Embodiment 4
Compared with Example 1, the present embodiment only difference is that institute's grafting with field planting Loquat Cultivars it is different,
Embodiment is ' new white No. 8 ' Loquat Cultivars.
In addition, by Observe and measure, the average production feelings of 1 year raw tree body after the tender Seedling field planting in the various embodiments described above
Condition as shown in table 1, and after being colonized 2 years raw tree bodies average production result situation it is then as shown in table 2.
1 year raw tree body average production situation after the field planting of 1 tender Seedling of table (before drawing branch to downgrade)
2 years raw tree body average production result situations after the field planting of 2 tender Seedling of table
| Kind | Bright red | Early-middle Jurassic | It is new white No. 1 | It is new white No. 8 |
| Hat width (m) | 2.65×2.70 | 2.60×2.86 | 2.67×2.94 | 3.00×3.10 |
| The height of tree (m) | 1.38 | 1.57 | 1.74 | 1.18 |
| Leaf curtain thickness (m) | 1.38 | 1.22 | 1.74 | 1.10 |
| Dry week (cm) | 18.3 | 19.5 | 22.7 | 20.5 |
| Dry height (cm) | 44.0 | 41.5 | 40.3 | 37.3 |
| Branch top number (branch) | 67 | 65 | 66 | 71 |
| Spica (individual) | 35 | 52 | 63 | 55 |
| (kg/ strains) is produced in strain | 5.2 | 7.1 | 9.5 | 9.1 |
From table 1 and table 2, the tender Seedling of each embodiment be colonized after 1 year, it is more than height of tree 1m, branch top number more than 20；After field planting
2nd year, height of tree 1.1-1.8m, leaf curtain thickness 1.1-1.8m were done week 18-23cm, dry high 32-44cm, branch top number more than 50,
100% goes into operation, and average strain is produced having or even is close to 10kg/ strains.
To sum up, cultural method of the present invention is sowed to the garden cycle is gone out within 1 year from nursery stock, and more traditional growing-seedling period shortens 1-
2 years；And during seedling planting, because not damaging root, branch, leaf so that seedling-slowing stage after seedling planting is short, planting survival rates are high, and long
Gesture is neat；In addition, the operation tree crown time is formed after cultural method field planting of the present invention foreshortening to 2 years, more traditional plantation seedlings are gone into operation
Time shortens more than 1 year, that is, enable loquat Seedling to go into operation ahead of time, reduces building well year so as to shorten the building well cycle
Limit, reduction building well cost, and then reach the purpose of efficient plantation.
Claims (4)
1. the cultural method that a kind of tender Seedling of field planting Folium Eriobotryae grafting is gone into operation ahead of time, it is characterised in that：The cultural method by cultivating seedlings,
Planting pit preparation, Seeding planting, management composition after field planting；Specifically include following operating procedure：
(1), cultivating seedlings：In 4-5 months, the Loquat Seeds of 2-3 grain full seeds are broadcast in each nutrient bag；
When seedling grows 2～3 true leaves, every two weeks apply 0.2～0.3% commodity compound fertilizer liquid manure of mass concentration,
Or the people's animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 1 with the mass ratio of water：20 liquid manure or ripe peanut cake fertilizer and the mass ratio of water are 1：20 liquid manure；
When seedling length to height 7-10cm, the weak nursery stock of growing way is removed, each nutrient bag leaves the strong rootstock seedling of 1 plant of growing way；
March in December to next year, select liftoff 10cm ± 2cm stems it is thick >=seedling of 0.6cm, leaf 2-5 pieces are stayed under interface, using cut-grafting
Mode grafting, stock bud of being erased after grafting survival in time；When scion sprouting length is to 5～10cm, nursery stock transplanting and field planting are carried out；
(2), planting pit prepares：Long 80-100cm, width 80-100cm, the field planting of high 60-80cm are got out before being colonized first 2 months
Cave, and in each planting pit, layering applies 15kg ± 2kg fertilizers and 0.5-1kg plant ash, stirs with soil；
(3), Seeding planting：During by nursery stock transplanting with planting pit is colonized in, graft union and grafting tender shoots are protected, graft union is prevented
Loosen or grafting tender shoots is mechanically damaged；
(4) manage after, being colonized：When after field planting, nursery stock young sprout length is to 20cm ± 2cm, the dry terminal bud pinching in center of non-pumping side shoot,
Promote branch, the strong side shoot culture of 3-4 growing way of selecting and remain is major branch；2-3 branch top is stayed after each major branch is taken out and sends out young sprout, is cultivated
Become two grades of major branches；
Field planting later six months, the expansion cave ditch of width >=20cm, depth >=20cm is dug in planting pit periphery using ditch spread mode, business is imposed
Product fertilizer 30-50kg/ strains, are stirred with soil；
The month in next year 3-5 after field planting, using ditch spread mode it is upper wheel expand cave ditch periphery again dig width >=20cm, depth >=
The expansion cave ditch of 20cm, and organic commercial fertilizer 50kg/ strains are imposed, stir with soil；And the young sprout that major branch and two grades of major branches are sprouted
After staying 1-3, remaining is erased, and cultivates select and remain 0.9～1.5cm of rugosity, 20～60cm of length, the branch top of the number of blade 10～20
As a result.
2. the cultural method that a kind of tender Seedling of field planting Folium Eriobotryae grafting is gone into operation ahead of time according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The cultivation
Culture method also includes drawing branch to downgrade step, and specifically, winter after field planting draws branch to downgrade tree crown, and using rope by major branch and
Two grades of major branches are pulled to branch top angle for 70-80 degree towards different directions respectively.
3. the cultural method that a kind of tender Seedling of field planting Folium Eriobotryae grafting is gone into operation ahead of time according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：It is described
Rope is kernmantle.
4. the cultural method that a kind of tender Seedling of field planting Folium Eriobotryae grafting is gone into operation ahead of time according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Fertilizer in planting pit preparation process is dry pig manure.
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| CN201611129656.9A CN106538336A (en) | 2016-12-09 | 2016-12-09 | It is a kind of to be colonized the cultural method that the tender Seedling of Folium Eriobotryae grafting is gone into operation ahead of time |
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| CN201611129656.9A CN106538336A (en) | 2016-12-09 | 2016-12-09 | It is a kind of to be colonized the cultural method that the tender Seedling of Folium Eriobotryae grafting is gone into operation ahead of time |
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Cited By (4)
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| CN107114182A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-09-01 | 国家林业局桉树研究开发中心 | Eucalyptus breeding garden is downgraded and windproof cultural method and its eucalyptus breeding garden |
| CN108184526A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-06-22 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of quick improvement Loquat Cultivars structure enhances tree vigo(u)r method |
| CN109526512A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-03-29 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of cultural method improving loquat early yield |
| CN111955269A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-11-20 | 绿色田园(衡阳)农业发展有限公司 | Planting method of loquat seedlings |
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| CN107114182A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-09-01 | 国家林业局桉树研究开发中心 | Eucalyptus breeding garden is downgraded and windproof cultural method and its eucalyptus breeding garden |
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| CN111955269A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-11-20 | 绿色田园(衡阳)农业发展有限公司 | Planting method of loquat seedlings |
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