CN103416273A

CN103416273A - Method of close planting and precocity fruiting of kumquats

Info

Publication number: CN103416273A
Application number: CN201210162856XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韦秀文
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2012-05-24
Filing date: 2012-05-24
Publication date: 2013-12-04

Abstract

The invention discloses a method of close planting and precocity fruiting of kumquats. The method includes seedlings are planted according to specification of 1.5*1.0 meters in row spacing, and 440 seedlings are planted in one mu; the seedlings are planted in deep pits with heavy fertilizer, the depth of the pit is 60cm, the width of the pit ranges from 80 to 100cm, 25 to 50 kilograms of organic fertilizer and 1 to 1.5 kilograms of phosphate are applied in each pit in a layered manner; in the period of saplings, before each time of shooting, dilute manure, bran liquid or other composting organic liquid fertilizer with 0.5 to 1% of added urea is applied once; the crown is in a natural happy shape, and main braches and auxiliary branches are kept selectively; fertilizer is applied to adult trees for 4 to 5 times, spring shooting fertilizer can be applied sufficiently in the middle third of March, flower protecting and fruit stabilizing fertilizer can be applied sufficiently in the first third of June, fruit expanding fertilizer can be applied in the middle third of July to the middle third of August, and basic fertilizer can be sufficiently applied from November to the next February. By the aid of the method, the range of most crowns reaches more than 1 meter in the second year after the seedlings are planted, the height of the tree ranges from 0.8 to 1 meter, each plant can produce 2 to 3 kilograms of the kumquats averagely, each plant can produce 3 to 5 kilograms of the kumquats in the third year, and one adult tree can produce more than 30 kilograms of the kumquats.

Description

A kind of method that cumquat dense planting is early tied

Technical field

The invention belongs to the fruit tree planting technique field, relate in particular to a kind of method that cumquat dense planting is early tied.

Background technology

Cumquat belongs to subtropics to temperate zone fruit, and cold-resistant, heat-resisting, drought resistance, premunition are all stronger, particularly citrus yellow shoot disease are shown to stronger resistance.Cumquat is shrub, and sapling up-growth is slower, yields positive results early.Orange-yellow during fruit maturation, young fruit is blackish green, single fruit weight 12-15 gram, and maximum fruit weighs 20 grams, fruit Jinyuan Garden shape, full fruit belt leather is edible tender and crisp, fresh and sweet, and soluble solid 12-14%, be to eat good merchantable brand raw.Fruit is in early November to the maturation in December, but free of frost time fresh preservation with branches is to the Second Year 2-3 month, than storage tolerance.Producing at present the upper subject matter existed is that because this seeds tree crown is little, early yield is lower, orchard up-front investment DeGrain.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is directed to the cumquat early yield lower, the problem of orchard up-front investment DeGrain, the implantation methods that provides a kind of dense planting early to tie.

The present invention is achieved in that

1, seedling planting.

(1) cumquat wide adaptability, can be planted in all kinds soil, but with sandy loam, loam for well, require soil layer deep, the content of organic matter is abundant, loose ventilation, the row irrigation condition is good, subterranean water level is low, subacidity neutrality is advisable.

(2) can select paddy field cultivation and growing on hill-side according to this condition characteristic ，Jian garden.

(3), by high-yield cultivating requirement field planting, seeding row spacing is 1.5 * 1.0 meters (440 plant/acres).

(4) paddy field cultivation needn't be digged pit, and direct cable is opened railway carriage or compartment and put base fertilizer and build native field planting.

(5) the growing on hill-side large fertile field planting of technology expansion cave hollow place routinely, dark 60 centimetres of general excavation hole, wide 80-100 centimetre, backfill table soil, every hole layering organic fertilizer 25-50 kilogram, phosphate fertilizer 1-1.5 kilogram, fill out hole and make mound, and mound is answered 30 centimetres above ground level.

(6) with winter, spring, for well, the place that water source is good is preferably in the field planting little spring in October to Planting time, generally in 2-3 month field planting in spring.During plantation, root system and base manure are separated, nursery stock is stood on to hole central authorities, unfold root system, ridging is steady and sure, and the degree of depth is as the criterion to be no more than the grafting mouth.

2, treelet fertilizing management.

(1) treelet of 1-3 after field planting, take and form as early as possible larger tree crown as administrative purposes, take in management and urge as main.

(2) do to expand the cave deep placement well, promote root growth, expand the cave deep placement and can carry out in summer or winter, along tree crown, dig dark 50-60 centimetre, the ditch of wide 50 centimetres, apply fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, notes digging through former field planting hole.

(3) topdress and take quick-acting liquid manure as main, before taking out a young sprout, respectively topdress once vegetative period at every turn, and available loose stool water, bran water or other decomposed manure water add 0.5-1% urea, guarantees that annual spring, summer, autumn growth have twice fertilizer of a tip, impel the shoot growth stalwartness.

3, do the treelet shaping well, cultivate the early fruiting and high yield tree crown.

Tree crown adopts natural open centre shape, is mainly select and remain major branch, secondary major branch, carries out except sprouting, pinching, makes tree crown satisfactory.Concrete operations are as follows: (1), crossing long shoot by the most of branch of tree crown top same area when field planting, the tip needn't unify to put the tip for the first time, goes out one and protects one, to promote the growth of primary vaccination tree; (2) from the tip for the second time to bearing tree, take out young sprout at every turn and will accomplish the unified tip of putting, before putting the tip, (after last young sprout is aging) will be long newly from 8 leaf cutting backs, removing an interior thorax of growing thickly, the moon covers branch, intersects branch, thin and delicate branch, erase sporadicly taking out the tip of sending out, wait each position of tree crown evenly to have young sprout the i.e. unified tip of putting to occur; (3) the internal branch of thorax bottom stalwartness, after field planting the 3rd year, do not affect under the prerequisite that skeleton branch produces, can suitably bear fruit on a small quantity.

4, strengthen the bearing tree fertilizing management.

(1) use sufficient spring tip rudiment fertilizer.The spring tip then of usining is large characteristics of cumquat as main bearing basal shoot, and this is becoming particularly evident on annual bearer.The spring tip the number and the height of quality, will determine to owe when the rich of annual production.Fertilising requires to use sufficient base manure before the winter, the violent short spring tip before germinateing.Before the tip fertile effect be the spring tip is taken out send out timely, neat, healthy and strong, form more bearing basal shoot, improve percentage of fertile fruit, this time fertilizer must be timely, quick-acting, requirement is under executing mid-March, the every strain sealing fertilizer of bearing tree 0.5-0.7 kilogram or urea 0.3-0.5 kilogram are opened under the shallow ridges of 10-15 centimetre executes, then the flat ditch of earth backing under the tree crown drip.

(2) protect flower, steady fruit fertilizer.The repeatedly result of repeatedly blooming in 1 year, be the another large characteristics of cumquat, can open 3-4 in general 1 year and criticize flower, and each Huadu can form fruit, and first flower is in early June, and the second batch flower is in early July, third and fourth batch of flower 8, September.With first and second batch, spending fruit the best in quality, the large flavor of fine quality of fruit is sweet, and commodity rate is high.8, September, the three or four batch of spray pumping bloomed, and because of oligotrophy, fruit is less, and fruit matter is poor.For making first, second batch spends many settings, in squaring period, will execute in good time and spend fertilizer, composite fertilizer 0.2-0.5 kilogram for every strain, the time at the end of May, fertilizing method: open under radial canal or shallow ridges execute at the bearing-age tree dish.

(3) Fruit fertilizer.Cumquat has repeatedly flowering habit, and often several the fruits simultaneously and deposit, need be paid special attention to the Term Fertilization of steady fruit, strong fruit.The 7-8 month is the period that fruit expands rapidly, and Fruit fertilizer should be under executing mid-July-mid-August, and every strain is opened shallow ridges and put composite fertilizer 0.2-0.5 kilogram, or 0.25 kilogram, urea, executes the flat ditch of rear earth backing.

(4) application in time after fruit picking.In order to recover tree vigo(u)r, supplement the nutrients, increase cold tolerance, protect the leaf promotion nutrient accumulation of passing the winter, impose in time disposable fertilizer after fruit picking, 0.25 kilogram, every strain sealing fertilizer 0.2-0.5 kilogram or urea.

(5) heavy dressing base manure.Base manure is the material base of cumquat annual growth, annual except 4 times are topdressed, and also answers base manure of heavy dressing.Base manure will carry out in February November to next year.Its way is to locate respectively to dig a dark 60-80 centimetre from 50 centimetres, trunk (tree crown drip), wide 30-50 centimetre, the dressing furrow of long 80-100 centimetre, 0.75 kilogram, fertilizer amount phosphate fertilizer, 0.25 kilogram, potash fertilizer, the fertile 5-10 kilogram of bran, 0.25 kilogram, lime, fertilizer 50-100 kilogram, lower thick upper essence, layering is imbedded, and fills out and replys the native 15-20 above ground level centimetre left and right of wanting.

Adopt the present invention, after the field planting of cumquat fruit tree, the most of tree crown width of Second Year reaches more than 1 meter, height of tree 0.8-1.0 rice, and the 2-3 kilogram is produced in average strain, the 3rd year per plant 3-5 kilogram, the bearing tree single plant yield is more than 30 kilograms, without the biennial fruiting phenomenon.

Claims

1. the method that the cumquat dense planting is early tied, it is characterized in that: the seedling growth specification is pressed 1.5 * 1.0 meters of seeding row spacings, and mu is planted 440 strains; Tree crown adopts the natural open centre shape shaping, and the major branch of selecting and remain, secondary major branch are carried out except sprouting, pinching, make tree crown satisfactory.