CN109042146A - A kind of method of grape and asparagus interplanting - Google Patents
A kind of method of grape and asparagus interplanting Download PDFInfo
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- CN109042146A CN109042146A CN201810991455.2A CN201810991455A CN109042146A CN 109042146 A CN109042146 A CN 109042146A CN 201810991455 A CN201810991455 A CN 201810991455A CN 109042146 A CN109042146 A CN 109042146A
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- asparagus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/10—Asparagus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods that grape and asparagus are interplanted, and specific steps include: vineyard planning, site preparation, variety selection and pretreatment, field planting, management, picking.The invention has the advantages that: grape occupies the upper space in greenhouse as the plant of happiness sun and fully absorbs sunlight 7, and asparagus occupies greenhouse lower space as ombrophyte, is planted under grape, and both sides' planting environment and planting space are complementary；Limit root configuration is carried out to grape simultaneously, ensure that the root system of grape will not be fought for asparagus, while asparagus grows close to ditch, ensure that the quality of grape and asparagus；Vegetables of the asparagus relative to the interplanting of other and grape, economic value are high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods that field of planting more particularly to grape and asparagus are interplanted.
Background technique
Asparagus is the tender stem of liliaceous plant asparagus, is a kind of high-grade and rare vegetables, is known as " the big name in the world ten
One of dish ", American-European dietician and vegetarian diet personage see it as healthy food.Asparagus is very strong to the adaptability of temperature, not only resists cold, but also
It is heat-resisting, it can be cultivated from subfrigid zone to subtropical zone.But it is most suitable for making a clear distinction between the four seasons, the cultivation of the temperate zone of pleasant Climate.In severe cold areas,
- 33 DEG C of temperature, when frozen soil layer thickness is up to 1 meter, still can safe overwintering, though yield is low, quality is preferable.Asparagus is perennial herb
Plant, primary plantation can harvest 10 years or more.
Interplanting refers in the later period of former plant growth, recur it is reserved in the ranks or one kind with other crops of intercrop
Planting patterns.China is in vegetable growing using relatively more early and universal.It had been widely used on field crop in recent years,
The area that especially Henan, Shandong, Hebei etc. save the interplantings such as wheat and cotton, wheat and corn, wheat and peanut account for 70-80% with
On.This mode improves the utilization rate in soil, to also increase the income of peasant.
One fruit tree of plantation grape only simple generally in vineyard, land utilization ratio is low, and weed growth is fast, pest and disease damage
More, management cost is high, only puts into no output, orchard worker will undertake larger financial burden.If interplanting asparagus in vine
In, the income of orchard worker only can be only greatly improved in terms of economic benefits.
Thus applicant carried out beneficial exploration and trial, result of the above problems is had found, will be detailed below being situated between
The scheme to continue is generated under this background.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in view of the deficiencies of the prior art with defect and provide a kind of grape and
The method of asparagus interplanting.
Technical problem solved by the invention can be realized using following technical scheme:
A kind of method of grape and asparagus interplanting, which is characterized in that specific step is as follows:
(1) vineyard is planned: select sandy loam as planting site, in planting site several ridges are set, adjacent each ridge
Between be provided with a ditch, support frame is provided on each ditch for supporting awning；Each ridge is sequentially provided with is used on the ground
Plant several limit rhizosphere columns viny；Close on to each ridge ditch position be planting asparagus area, the planting asparagus area with
There is an interval region between the limit rhizosphere column, setting field planting ditch in the planting asparagus area.
(2) site preparation: select fertile sandy soil carry out it is broken to shine soil white, and apply decomposed manure and plant ash is stirred
It mixes and is mixed into cultivation soil；The planting asparagus area dig downwards after with the cultivation earthen backfill, fill out certain training in each limit rhizosphere column
Educate soil.
(3) variety selection and pretreatment:
Asparagus variety selection and pretreatment: select green bamboo shoot that good quality and high output is disease-resistant or purple bamboo shoot as planting asparagus kind；Reed
Bamboo shoot seed first shines 2-3 days, then soaking disinfection under the conditions of temperature is 22-28 DEG C, pulls out after soaking disinfection, and anti-with clear water
It is multiple to rinse until water is clear, its moisture content is then drained, indoor shady place is placed in, and spreads one layer of sawdust on the ground, is covered thereon
Lid plastic film carries out heat preservation vernalization, reaches 8%-11% bud ratio to the asparagus seeds and is seeded in the asparagus seeds
In nutrient discs equipped with matrix, it is trained kind and plants seedlings.
Grape variety selection and pretreatment: the branches and leaves on the vine are removed, leave behind branch by selection finished product vine
Bud.
(4) it is colonized:
Asparagus field planting: the suitable plantation seed of selection is implanted in the two sides on each ridge ground close to the position in ditch, field planting
The line-spacing that Shi Suoshu kind is planted seedlings is 120-150cm, spacing in the rows 35-40cm；Bottom water is first watered with when field planting, by the plantation when plant
Seedling underground stem portion has one end of raw bulbil to move towards distribution along ditch, and described kind of storage root of planting seedlings uniformly is unfolded to cover
Native 3-5cm after reality by watering；The growth planted seedlings with described kind gradually fills and leads up the field planting ditch, makes described kind to plant seedlings and is maintained at
Away between the 10-15cm of ground.
Grape transplanting stock: being planted in the limit rhizosphere column center for the vine, guarantees that the root system viny is located at
In the cultivation soil.Spring keeps carrying out the branches and leaves removal guarantee sunshine abundance viny weekly.
(5) it manages:
Asparagus management: pouring 1 loose stool water for 10-15 days after described kind of field planting of planting seedlings, with benefit root slow seedling living；After slow seedling
Progress primary ditching fertilising in 25-30 days covers one layer of fine earth after fertilising；In growth period, plants seedlings and grow up with described kind, it basis
Situation weeds with a hoe in time, after each weeding, is suitably earthed up；In growth period, its fertilizer application amount will be stepped up simultaneously, be promoted
Plant is sturdy, expands root disk, enters to impose 1 autumn hair fertilizer after autumn, imposes again to late October fertilizer 1 time.
Grape management: spring keeps carrying out the branches and leaves removal guarantee sunshine abundance viny weekly, and periodically adds
Organic fertilizer.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step (1), the ridge it is 5 meters wide；The limit rhizosphere column is
It is surrounded by the plastics fence of circle, the diameter of dense distribution air hole on the plastics fence, the limit rhizosphere column is 1.5-1.6
The spacing of rice, each limit rhizosphere column is 2.8-3 meters.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, cultivating soil thickness in the step (2), in the limit rhizosphere column is
500-600mm；300-400mm is dug downwards in the planting asparagus area.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step (3), the soaking disinfection is with 50% carbendazim
500 times of thimerosal is to the asparagus seeds soaking disinfection, and every 10-12h changes once sterilizing liquid during immersion, after impregnating 2-3 days
It pulls out.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step (3), the heat preservation vernalization, the time is 2-3 days,
Ask holding wet, temperature is controlled at 22-25 DEG C.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step (4), the described kind of needs that plant seedlings are cultivated in nutrient discs
55-65 days, the plantation height of seedling was between 25-30cm and has 4-5 root healthy seedling.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step (5), the ditch depth that ditching-fertilizing is dug is 15-20cm, ditch
Bottom width is 20-25cm, and ditch mouth width is 35-40cm, and 20-25cm opens shallow ridges around described kind of root of planting seedlings, and will apply corruption per acre
Ripe organic fertilizer 200-300kg is sprinkled into ditch；The ridging is will to cultivate mound around described kind of root of planting seedlings, each high 1- of heap
2cm, until the high 8-10cm of heap stops；The autumn hair fertilizer includes applying decomposed manure 150-250kg and per acre compound fertilizer 8- per acre
12kg, it includes applying well-rotted farmyard manure 200-250kg and compound fertilizer 8-12kg per acre that late October, which imposes fertilizer,.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the well-rotted farmyard manure include sandy soil, rare earth, mushroom particle, dish cottonrose hibiscus,
Vinasse, grape twig and organic fertilizer after Wine-making；The compound fertilizer is 45% nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three element compound fertilizer.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it when asparagus grows to 20-30cm, is adopted when the tender tips of bamboo shoot of asparagus are not bloomed
It receives, applies decomposed manure 500-600kg and compound fertilizer 10-15kg after harvesting per acre, to improve plant immunocompetence, while every
The fungicide of 15-20 days sprinkling 1 70% thiophanate methyl, 800 times of liquid carries out insect pest preventing and controlling, stops after continuous sprinkling 2-3 times.
Due to using technical solution as above, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: plant occupancy of the grape as happiness sun
Upper space in greenhouse fully absorbs sunlight, and asparagus occupies greenhouse lower space as ombrophyte, be planted in grape
Under, both sides' planting environment and planting space are complementary；Limit root configuration is carried out to grape simultaneously, ensure that the root system of grape will not be with
Asparagus is fought for, while asparagus grows close to ditch, ensure that the quality of grape and asparagus；Asparagus is relative to other and grape
The vegetables of interplanting, economic value are high.
Specific embodiment
In order to be easy to understand the technical means, the creative features, the aims and the efficiencies achieved by the present invention, below into
One step illustrates the present invention.
A kind of method of grape and asparagus interplanting, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) vineyard is planned: select sandy loam as planting site, in planting site several ridges are set, 5 meters wide, the phase in ridge ground
It is provided with a ditch between adjacent each ridge ground, support frame is provided on each ditch for supporting awning；Each ridge ground is sequentially
It is provided with for planting several limit rhizosphere columns viny, limit rhizosphere column is the plastics fence for being surrounded by circle, on plastics fence
Dense distribution air hole, the diameter on limit rhizosphere column are 1.5-1.6 meters, and the spacing on each limit rhizosphere column is 2.8-3 meters；Each ridge
The position for closing on ditch is planting asparagus area, has an interval region between planting asparagus area and limit rhizosphere column, in planting asparagus area
Setting field planting ditch.
(2) site preparation: select fertile sandy soil carry out it is broken to shine soil white, and apply decomposed manure and plant ash is stirred
It mixes and is mixed into cultivation soil；Planting asparagus area is dug downwards after 300-400mm with earthen backfill is cultivated, and fills out 500- in each limit rhizosphere column
The cultivation soil of 600mm.
(3) variety selection and pretreatment:
Asparagus variety selection and pretreatment: select green bamboo shoot that good quality and high output is disease-resistant or purple bamboo shoot as planting asparagus kind；Reed
Bamboo shoot seed first shines 2-3 days, under the conditions of temperature is 22-28 DEG C then with 500 times of 50% carbendazim of thimerosal to asparagus seeds
Soaking disinfection, every 10-12h changes once sterilizing liquid during immersion, pulls out after impregnating 2-3 days, and clear to water with clear water repeated flushing
Until.Then its moisture content is drained, indoor shady place is placed in, and spreads one layer of sawdust on the ground, thereon plastic covering film, into
Row heat preservation vernalization 2-3 days, it is desirable that keep wet, temperature is controlled at 22-25 DEG C, and reaching 8%-11% bud ratio to asparagus seeds will
Asparagus seeds are seeded in the nutrient discs equipped with matrix, are trained kind and are planted seedlings.
Grape variety selection and pretreatment: the branches and leaves on vine are removed in winter, are left behind by selection finished product vine
Twig.
(4) it is colonized:
Asparagus field planting: kind, which is planted seedlings, to need to cultivate 55-65 days in nutrient discs, selects to plant height of seedling between 25~30cm simultaneously
The two sides on each ridge ground are implanted in close to the position in ditch with 4~5 healthy and strong plantation seeds, the described kind of line-spacing to plant seedlings when field planting
For 120-150cm, spacing in the rows 35-40cm；It is first watered with bottom water when field planting, kind is planted seedlings subterranean stem part when plant, there is raw squama
And earthing 3-5cm is uniformly unfolded by watering after reality in kind storage root of planting seedlings along the distribution of moving towards of ditch in one end of bud；With plantation
The growth of seedling gradually fills and leads up field planting ditch, so that kind is planted seedlings and is maintained at away between the 10-15cm of ground.
Grape transplanting stock: being planted in the limit rhizosphere column center for vine, guarantees that root system viny is located at the cultivation
In soil.Spring keeps carrying out the branches and leaves removal guarantee sunshine abundance viny weekly.
(5) it manages:
Asparagus management: planting and pour within 10-15 days 1 loose stool water after planting seedlings field planting, with benefit root slow seedling living；The 25-30 after slow seedling
It carries out primary ditching fertilising, and the ditch depth of digging is 15-20cm, and ditch bottom width is 20-25cm, and ditch mouth width is 35-40cm, and in plantation
20-25cm opens shallow ridges around seedling root, will apply per acre and cover one layer of fine earth after decomposed manure 200-300kg is sprinkled into ditch；?
Growth period plants seedlings with kind and grows up, and according to circumstances to weed with a hoe in time, after each weeding, carries out cultivation mound and plants seedlings in kind
Around root, each high 1-2cm of heap, until the high 8-10cm of heap stops；In growth period, its fertilizer application amount will be stepped up simultaneously, be promoted
Plant is sturdy, expands root disk, enters to impose 1 autumn hair fertilizer investment after autumn and applies decomposed manure 150-250kg and compound per acre per acre
Fertile 8-12kg imposes fertilizer 1 time investment again to late October and applies well-rotted farmyard manure 200-250kg and compound fertilizer 8-12kg per acre.
Grape management: spring keeps carrying out the branches and leaves removal guarantee sunshine abundance viny weekly, and periodically adds
Organic fertilizer.
(6) it picks: when asparagus grows to 20-30cm, being harvested, applied per acre after harvesting decomposed when the tender tips of bamboo shoot of asparagus are not bloomed
Organic fertilizer 500-600kg and compound fertilizer 10-15kg to improve plant immunocompetence, while spraying 1 time 70% every 15-20 days
The fungicide of 800 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl carries out insect pest preventing and controlling, stops after continuous sprinkling 2-3 times.
Well-rotted farmyard manure described in the present embodiment includes the wine after sandy soil, rare earth, mushroom particle, dish cottonrose hibiscus, Wine-making
Slot, grape twig and organic fertilizer；Compound fertilizer described in the present embodiment is 45% nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three element compound fertilizer.
Interplanting, which is carried out, in the Hengyang City tea hill town the col tortoise beetle Ling Gu vineyard Xian Bi by the method for the invention achieves reality
Asparagus harvests 2000kg and per acre vintage 1000kg to border data per acre, and asparagus sells valence 8-12 member in locality, improves per acre
Income 16000-24000 member, can significantly improve the economic benefit of peasant household.This year vintage 1000kg and former years per acre
The parameter of vintage 950kg compares per acre, it is seen that while interplanting asparagus not and influence the quality and yield in the grape coming year.
The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method of grape and asparagus interplanting, which is characterized in that specific step is as follows:
(1) vineyard is planned: selecting sandy loam as planting site, in planting site several ridges are arranged, between adjacent each ridge ground
It is provided with a ditch, support frame is provided on each ditch for supporting awning；Each ridge Shangdi is sequentially provided with for planting
Several limit rhizosphere columns viny；Close on to each ridge ditch position be planting asparagus area, the planting asparagus area with it is described
There is an interval region between limit rhizosphere column, setting field planting ditch in the planting asparagus area.
(2) site preparation: select fertile sandy soil carry out it is broken to shine soil white, and apply decomposed manure and plant ash be stirred it is mixed
Soil is cultivated in synthesis；The planting asparagus area dig downwards after with the cultivation earthen backfill, filled out in each limit rhizosphere column and certain cultivate soil.
(3) variety selection and pretreatment:
Asparagus variety selection and pretreatment: select green bamboo shoot that good quality and high output is disease-resistant or purple bamboo shoot as planting asparagus kind；Asparagus kind
Son first shines 2-3 days, then soaking disinfection under the conditions of temperature is 22-28 DEG C, pulls out after soaking disinfection, and rushed repeatedly with clear water
Be washed till water it is clear until, then drain its moisture content, be placed in indoor shady place, and on the ground spread one layer of sawdust, thereon covering modeling
Expect film, carry out heat preservation vernalization, reaches 8%-11% bud ratio to the asparagus seeds and be seeded in the asparagus seeds and be equipped with
In the nutrient discs of matrix, it is trained kind and plants seedlings；
Grape variety selection and pretreatment: the branches and leaves on the vine are removed, leave behind twig by selection finished product vine.
(4) it is colonized:
Asparagus field planting: the suitable plantation seed is selected to be implanted in the two sides on each ridge ground close to the position in ditch, field planting when institute
State the line-spacing kind to plant seedlings be 120-150cm, spacing in the rows 35-40cm；It is first watered with bottom water when field planting, plants seedlings ground for described kind when plant
Lower stem portion has one end of raw bulbil to move towards distribution along ditch, and earthing 3- is uniformly unfolded in described kind of storage root of planting seedlings
5cm after reality by watering；The growth planted seedlings with described kind gradually fills and leads up the field planting ditch, makes described kind to plant seedlings and is maintained at away from ground
Between the 10-15cm of face；
Grape transplanting stock: being planted in the limit rhizosphere column center for the vine, and it is described to guarantee that the root system viny is located at
It cultivates in soil.Spring keeps carrying out the branches and leaves removal guarantee sunshine abundance viny weekly.
(5) it manages:
Asparagus management: pouring 1 loose stool water for 10-15 days after described kind of field planting of planting seedlings, with benefit root slow seedling living；The 25-30 after slow seedling
It carries out primary ditching fertilising, and one layer of fine earth is covered after fertilising；In growth period, plants seedlings and grow up with described kind, it be according to circumstances
It weeds with a hoe, after each weeding, is suitably earthed up in time；In growth period, its fertilizer application amount will be stepped up simultaneously, promote plant
It is sturdy, expand root disk, enters to impose 1 autumn hair fertilizer after autumn, imposed again to late October fertilizer 1 time；
Grape management: spring keeps carrying out the branches and leaves removal guarantee sunshine abundance viny weekly, and periodically adds organic
Fertilizer.
2. a kind of method of grape and asparagus interplanting as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described in the step (1)
Ridge it is 5 meters wide；The limit rhizosphere column is the plastics fence for being surrounded by circle, dense distribution air hole on the plastics fence, institute
The diameter for stating limit rhizosphere column is 1.5-1.6 meters, and the spacing on each limit rhizosphere column is 2.8-3 meters.
3. a kind of method of grape and asparagus interplanting as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described in the step (2)
Limiting and cultivating soil thickness in rhizosphere column is 500-600mm；300-400mm is dug downwards in the planting asparagus area.
4. a kind of method of grape and asparagus interplanting as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described in the step (3)
Soaking disinfection is the thimerosal with 500 times of 50% carbendazim to the asparagus seeds soaking disinfection, and every 10-12h is changed during immersion
Once sterilizing liquid is pulled out after impregnating 2-3 days.
5. a kind of method of grape and asparagus interplanting as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described in the step (3)
Vernalization is kept the temperature, the time is 2-3 days, it is desirable that keeps wet, temperature is controlled at 22-25 DEG C.
6. a kind of method of grape and asparagus interplanting as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described in the step (4)
Kind, which is planted seedlings, to need to cultivate 55-65 days in nutrient discs, and the plantation height of seedling is between 25-30cm and has 4-5 root healthy seedling.
7. a kind of method of grape and asparagus interplanting as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (5), trench digging
The ditch depth that fertilising is dug is 15-20cm, and ditch bottom width is 20-25cm, and ditch mouth width is 35-40cm, and around described kind of root of planting seedlings
20-25cm opens shallow ridges, will apply decomposed manure 200-300kg per acre and be sprinkled into ditch；The ridging is will to cultivate mound described
Kind is planted seedlings around root, each high 1-2cm of heap, until the high 8-10cm of heap stops；The autumn hair fertilizer is decomposed organic including applying per acre
Fertile 150-250kg and per acre compound fertilizer 8-12kg, late October impose fertilizer include apply per acre well-rotted farmyard manure 200-250kg and
Compound fertilizer 8-12kg.
8. the method for a kind of grape as described in claim 1 and asparagus interplanting, which is characterized in that the well-rotted farmyard manure includes
Vinasse, grape twig and organic fertilizer after sandy soil, rare earth, mushroom particle, dish cottonrose hibiscus, Wine-making；The compound fertilizer is 45%
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three element compound fertilizer.
9. a kind of method of grape and asparagus interplanting as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that when asparagus grows to 20-30cm,
It is harvested when the tender tips of bamboo shoot of asparagus are not bloomed, applies decomposed manure 500-600kg and compound fertilizer 10-15kg after harvesting per acre, with
Plant immunocompetence is improved, while carrying out disease pest every the fungicide of 15-20 days sprinkling 1 70% thiophanate methyl, 800 times of liquid
Prevention and treatment, 2-3 rear stopping of continuous sprinkling.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110115193A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-13 | 山东省葡萄研究院 | A kind of interplanting method limiting root grape and stand strawberry |
| CN112106587A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-22 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for ecological management of southern stony desertification through grape and lonicera confusa combined cultivation |
| CN114793746A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-07-29 | 宁夏回族自治区农垦事业管理局农林牧技术推广服务中心 | Stereoscopic planting method for root zone limited cultivation |
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Application publication date: 20181221 |