CN107047215B - Method for improving transplanting survival rate of birch pear nursery stock - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving transplanting survival rate of birch pear nursery stocks, which realizes the purpose of the invention through the steps of nursery stock selection, matrix preparation, nursery stock cultivation, bed arrangement, field management, land management, field planting, later period management and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving transplanting survival rate of birch pear seedlings, and belongs to the field of plant cultivation.
Background
The Korla bergamot pear (called as 'bergamot pear' for short) is the most representative 'famous, excellent and special' good fruit in Xinjiang, has a long cultivation history and distinct geographical features, and is reputed in domestic and foreign markets by the characteristics of thin skin, thin meat, crisp and juicy, strong fragrance, storage resistance and the like. At present, the planting area of the bergamot pears in the whole area of Xinjiang reaches 5.8 million hectares, the scale benefit and the characteristic advantage benefit are increasingly remarkable, and the bergamot pear is one of the bulk fruits which are mainly used for cultivation and agricultural efficiency enhancement, income increase of fruit growers and foreign exchange of exports in Xinjiang.
At present, the plantation of bergamot pears is generally carried out by adopting two-year-old birch pear stocks to build gardens and grafting the bergamot pears on the birch pears in the next or third year, and because the direct root property and the lateral root regeneration of birch pear seedlings are difficult, the survival rate after transplanting is low, the seedling recovery period is long, and the production delay is caused; in some areas with poor soil environmental conditions, phenomena of seedling supplement every year, irregular garden appearance, time and labor consumption in management and the like are often caused, and the normal production and the economic benefit of the orchard are influenced. Therefore, how to improve the transplanting survival rate of the birch pear seedlings is an important technical link in the industrialized development process of the bergamot pears.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for improving the transplanting survival rate of birch pear seedlings, aiming at solving the problems of low transplanting survival rate, long seedling recovering period, late production and strict requirements on soil conditions of birch pear seedlings in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for improving the transplanting survival rate of birch pear seedlings mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting nursery stocks: selecting strong and disease and pest free annual local birch pear seedlings before germination in spring, wherein the height of the seedlings is more than or equal to 80cm, and the ground diameter is more than or equal to 0.5 cm;
(2) preparing a matrix: selecting garden soil, humus and decomposed sheep manure according to the weight ratio of 4.5-5.5: 2.5-3.5: fully mixing the materials in a ratio of 1.5-2.5 to prepare a seedling culture substrate;
before the seedling substrate is prepared, preferably uniformly spreading garden soil, humus and decomposed sheep manure on cement ground for solarization for 8-10 h, and turning over once every 4-5 h;
further, the humus is prepared by mixing plant residues, soil and human excrement and urine according to the weight ratio of 4.5-5.5: 0.3-0.7: 0.8-1.2, fully wetting with water, covering with a plastic film, composting and decomposing to obtain the fertilizer, wherein the composting standard is that the compost can be used when reaching black, rotten and smelly degrees, and the plant residues are one or more of straws, wheat straws or fallen leaves of plants;
(3) seedling cultivation: cutting the main root of the birch pear seedling to 8-10 cm to promote the birch pear seedling to generate more fibrous roots, filling 1/3 volumes of the seedling growing medium prepared in the step (2) into a seedling growing container, putting the birch pear seedling into the center of the seedling growing container, adding the seedling growing medium and lifting the seedling to stretch the root system of the seedling, and compacting after the medium is filled;
the seedling raising container is a beautiful planting bag or a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag with the diameter of 20-25 cm and the height of 25-30 cm;
(4) placing a bed: ditching in a field or a seedling raising greenhouse, wherein the depth of each ditch is 0.4-0.6 m, the width of each ditch is 0.5-0.7 m, the row spacing is 0.8-1.2 m, two rows of seedling raising containers in the step (3) are placed in each ditch and are tightly abutted to each other, then, backfilling soil to enable the ground to be level and ensure that the seedling raising containers do not expose out of the ground, immediately filling water after the ground is level, and the water filling amount is 70-90 m square meters;
(5) field management: applying quick-acting fertilizer 2-3 times after seedling germination, wherein the application amount is 8-12 kg/667 square meters at intervals of 27-33 days, immediately irrigating water after the application is finished, the irrigation amount is 70-90 m/667 square meters, and then irrigating water once every 25-30 days, wherein the irrigation amount is 30-50 m/667 square meters, performing shallow tillage weeding one week after each irrigation, irrigating for the last time before soil sealing, and the irrigation amount is 70-90 m/667 square meters;
during the growth period of the nursery stock, the young shoots are controlled not to grow over-flourishing, and when the nursery stock grows over-flourishing, pinching needs to be carried out in time to promote the main stem to grow fully.
Further, the quick-acting fertilizer is one or two of urea or diammonium phosphate.
Further, the fertilization mode adopts furrow application.
(6) Land management: selecting land with good drainage and flat ground surface in autumn in the year, ditching before planting, carrying out topdressing on the land, wherein the ditch is 0.8-1.0 m deep and 0.8-1.0 m wide, applying thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer at the ditch bottom for carrying out topdressing/667 square meter, and then backfilling the soil and carrying out flood irrigation on the soil with large water for pressing alkali;
further, the irrigation quantity during flood flooding alkali pressure irrigation is 110-130 m for every 667 square meter;
further, the decomposed organic fertilizer is fully decomposed sheep manure;
(7) planting: digging a small pit with the depth of 0.4-0.6 m and the diameter of 0.4-0.6 m in a planting ditch after soil is thawed in the spring of the next year, taking out the birch pear seedlings in a seedling culture container, putting the birch pear seedlings into the center of the small pit, righting the seedlings, enabling the seedlings to be in a vertical and horizontal line, filling soil and lifting the seedlings upwards while spreading the roots, treading the seedlings to be tight, enabling the seedlings to be slightly higher than the ground surface, immediately irrigating water with the water amount of 70-90 m square meters per 667 square meters after the planting, and irrigating water once after one week, wherein the water irrigation amount is 30-50 m square meters per 667 square meters;
(8) and (4) post management: applying the quick-acting fertilizer 2-3 times one month after field planting, wherein the application amount is 8-12 kg/667 square meters at intervals of 27-33 days, pouring water immediately after the application is finished, the water pouring amount is 70-90 m/667 square meters, pouring water once every 25-30 days, the water pouring amount is 30-50 m/667 square meters, performing shallow tillage weeding one week after each water pouring, pouring water for the last time before sealing the soil, and the water pouring amount is 70-90 m/667 square meters.
The method has the advantages that the method can cultivate the birch pear seedlings with good root system structure and developed lateral root systems, the nursery stock is high in outplanting rate and can be transported in a long distance, the root systems are not easy to damage in the transplanting process, the seedlings are low in water loss, the survival rate after being planted is high, particularly, areas with poor soil are more obvious, the method is a key technical measure for effectively solving the problems that the survival rate of afforestation in areas with poor soil standing conditions is low and the preservation rate is low, the method is easy to master by fruit growers, the field management is convenient, and the method has high practical and popularization values.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below.
Example 1: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting nursery stocks: selecting strong and disease and pest free annual local birch pear seedlings before germination in spring, wherein the height of the seedlings is 80cm, and the ground diameter is 0.5 cm;
(2) preparing a matrix: selecting garden soil, humus and decomposed sheep manure, respectively and uniformly spreading the garden soil, the humus and the decomposed sheep manure on cement land, solarizing the garden soil, the humus and the decomposed sheep manure for 8 hours, turning the garden soil and the humus once every 5 hours, and then, according to the weight ratio of 4.5: 3.5: 1.5 to prepare a seedling culture substrate;
the humus is prepared from plant residues, soil and human excrement according to the weight ratio of 5.5: 0.3: 1.2, fully wetting with water, covering with a plastic film, and composting until the compost is mature, wherein the standard of the composting is that the compost can be used when the compost reaches black, rotten and smelly degrees, and the plant residue is one or more of straw, wheat straw or fallen leaves of plants;
(3) seedling cultivation: cutting the main root of the birch pear seedling to 8cm to promote the birch pear seedling to generate more fibrous roots, selecting a beautiful planting bag or a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag with the diameter of 20cm and the height of 30cm as a seedling raising container, filling 1/3 volumes of the seedling raising matrix prepared in the step (2), putting the birch pear seedling into the center of the seedling raising container, adding the seedling raising matrix while lifting the seedling, stretching the root system of the seedling, and compacting after the matrix is filled;
(4) placing a bed: ditching in a field or a seedling raising greenhouse, wherein the depth of each ditch is 0.4m, the width of each ditch is 0.7m, the row spacing is 0.8m, two rows of seedling raising containers in the step (3) are placed in each ditch and are tightly abutted against each other, then soil is backfilled to enable the ground to be level and ensure that the seedling raising containers do not expose the ground, water is immediately filled after the ground is level, and the water filling amount is 70 m-weight square meter/667 square meter;
(5) field management: applying urea 2 times after seedling germination, wherein the application manner is furrow application, the application amount is 8kg/667 square meter at intervals of 27 days every time, water irrigation is performed immediately after the application is finished, the irrigation amount is 90 m/667 square meter, water is applied once every 30 days, the irrigation amount is 30m square meter, shallow tillage weeding is performed one week after each water irrigation, the last water permeation is performed before soil is sealed and frozen, and the irrigation amount is 70m square meter;
during the growth period of the nursery stock, the young shoots are controlled not to grow over-flourishing, and when the nursery stock grows over-flourishing, pinching needs to be carried out in time to promote the main stem to grow fully.
(6) Land management: selecting land with good drainage and smooth surface in autumn in the year, ditching before planting, wherein the ditch is 1.0m deep and 0.8m wide, applying decomposed organic fertilizer to the bottom of the ditch for 3m square meter cultivation/667 square meter cultivation, backfilling soil, and flood-irrigating to press alkali, wherein the irrigation quantity is 110m square meter cultivation;
the decomposed organic fertilizer is fully decomposed sheep manure;
(7) planting: digging a small pit with the depth of 0.4m and the diameter of 0.6m in a planting ditch after soil is thawed in spring in the second year, taking out the birch pear seedlings in a seedling container, putting the birch pear seedlings in the center of the small pit, righting the seedlings, enabling the seedlings to be in rows and columns, filling soil and lifting the seedlings upwards while spreading the roots, treading the seedlings, enabling the roots to be slightly higher than the ground surface, immediately irrigating the water after planting, wherein the irrigation quantity is 90m square meters or 667 square meters, and irrigating water once after one week, and the irrigation quantity is 50m square meters or top meters;
(8) and (4) post management: applying the quick-acting fertilizer 2 times a month after planting, wherein the application amount is 8kg/667 square meter at intervals of 33 days every time, and immediately performing water irrigation after the fertilizer application is finished, wherein the water irrigation amount is 70 m/667 square meter, and the water irrigation is performed every 25 days, wherein the water irrigation amount is 30m square meter for cultivating shallow trees/667 square meter, the weeding is performed one week after the water irrigation every time, the last water permeation is performed before the soil is frozen, and the water irrigation amount is 90m square meter.
Example 2: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting nursery stocks: selecting strong and disease and pest free annual local birch pear seedlings before germination in spring, wherein the height of the seedlings is 81cm, and the ground diameter is 0.6 cm;
(2) preparing a matrix: selecting garden soil, humus and decomposed sheep manure, respectively and uniformly spreading the garden soil, the humus and the decomposed sheep manure on cement land, solarizing for 8.3h, turning the garden soil and the humus once every 4.9h, and then, according to the weight ratio of 4.6: 3.3: 2.5, fully mixing to prepare a seedling culture substrate;
the humus is prepared from plant residues, soil and human excrement according to the weight ratio of 5.4: 0.7: 1.2, fully wetting with water, covering with a plastic film, and composting until the compost is mature, wherein the standard of the composting is that the compost can be used when the compost reaches black, rotten and smelly degrees, and the plant residue is one or more of straw, wheat straw or fallen leaves of plants;
(3) seedling cultivation: cutting the main root of the birch pear seedling to 8.5cm to promote the birch pear seedling to generate more fibrous roots, selecting a beautiful planting bag or a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag with the diameter of 25cm and the height of 29cm as a seedling raising container, filling 1/3 volumes of the seedling raising matrix prepared in the step (2), putting the birch pear seedling into the center of the seedling raising container, adding the seedling raising matrix while lifting the seedling, stretching the root system of the seedling, and compacting after the matrix is filled;
(4) placing a bed: ditching in a field or a seedling raising greenhouse, wherein the depth of each ditch is 0.45m, the width of each ditch is 0.65m, the row spacing is 0.85m, two rows of seedling raising containers in the step (3) are placed in each ditch and are tightly abutted against each other, then soil is backfilled to enable the ground to be level and ensure that the seedling raising containers do not expose the ground, water is immediately filled after the ground is level, and the water filling amount is 72 m-square meter cultivation/667-square meter;
(5) field management: applying urea for 3 times after seedling germination, wherein the application manner is furrow application, the application amount is 8.5kg/667 square meter every 33 days, water irrigation is performed immediately after fertilization, the irrigation amount is 88 m/667 square meter, water is irrigated every 26 days, the irrigation amount is 33m square meter/667 square meter, shallow tillage weeding is performed one week after each irrigation, water is irrigated for the last time before soil is frozen, and the irrigation amount is 73m square meter;
during the growth period of the nursery stock, the young shoots are controlled not to grow over-flourishing, and when the nursery stock grows over-flourishing, pinching needs to be carried out in time to promote the main stem to grow fully.
(6) Land management: the gradient of the selection in autumn of the current year is 1: 300 of sandy loam, ditching before field planting, wherein the ditch is 0.9m deep and 0.9m wide, and 3.5m of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to the bottom of the ditch per 667 square meters, and then backfilling the soil and flood-irrigating with big water for pressing alkali, wherein the irrigation quantity is 113m for plantation per 667 square meters;
the decomposed organic fertilizer is fully decomposed sheep manure;
(7) planting: digging a small pit with the depth of 0.6m and the diameter of 0.4m in a planting ditch after soil is thawed in spring in the second year, taking out the birch pear seedlings in a seedling container, putting the birch pear seedlings in the center of the small pit, righting the seedlings, enabling the seedlings to be in rows and columns, filling soil and lifting the seedlings upwards while spreading the roots, treading the seedlings, enabling the roots to be slightly higher than the ground surface, immediately irrigating water with the water quantity of 88m square meters per 667 square meters after planting, and irrigating water once after one week, wherein the water irrigation quantity is 47m square meters per 667;
(8) and (4) post management: applying the quick-acting fertilizer 3 times a month after planting, wherein the application amount is 9kg/667 square meter at intervals of 27 days every time, and immediately performing water irrigation after the fertilizer application is finished, wherein the water irrigation amount is 72 m/667 square meter, and after that, water is performed once every 26 days, the water irrigation amount is 33 m/667 square meter, performing shallow tillage weeding one week after each water irrigation, performing last water permeation before soil freezing, and the water irrigation amount is 87 m/667 square meter.
Example 3: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting nursery stocks: selecting strong and disease and pest free annual local birch pear seedlings before germination in spring, wherein the height of the seedlings is 90cm, and the ground diameter is 0.7 cm;
(2) preparing a matrix: selecting garden soil, humus and decomposed sheep manure, respectively and uniformly spreading the garden soil, the humus and the decomposed sheep manure on cement land, solarizing for 8.6h, turning the garden soil and the humus once every 4.8h, and then, according to the weight ratio of 4.7: 3.2: 1.8 to prepare a seedling culture substrate;
the humus is prepared from plant residues, soil and human excrement according to the weight ratio of 5.3: 0.3: 1.2, fully wetting with water, covering with a plastic film, and composting until the compost is mature, wherein the standard of the composting is that the compost can be used when the compost reaches black, rotten and smelly degrees, and the plant residue is one or more of straw, wheat straw or fallen leaves of plants;
(3) seedling cultivation: cutting the main root of the birch pear seedling to 9cm to promote the birch pear seedling to generate more fibrous roots, selecting a beauty planting bag or a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag with the diameter of 24cm and the height of 28cm as a seedling raising container, filling 1/3 volumes of the seedling raising matrix prepared in the step (2), putting the birch pear seedling into the center of the seedling raising container, adding the seedling raising matrix while lifting the seedling, stretching the root system of the seedling, and compacting after the matrix is filled;
(4) placing a bed: ditching in a field or a seedling raising greenhouse, wherein the depth of the ditches is 0.5m, the width of the ditches is 0.6m, the row spacing is 0.9m, two rows of seedling raising containers in the step (3) are placed in each ditch and are tightly abutted to each other, then soil is backfilled to enable the ground to be level and ensure that the seedling raising containers do not expose the ground, water is poured immediately after the ground is level, and the water pouring amount is 74 m-square meter construction/667-square meter;
(5) field management: applying urea 2 times after seedling germination, wherein the application manner is furrow application, the application amount is 9kg/667 square meter at intervals of 28 days every time, water irrigation is performed immediately after the application, the irrigation amount is 86 m/667 square meter, water is applied once every 29 days, the irrigation amount is 36m square meter/667 square meter, shallow tillage weeding is performed one week after each water irrigation, water is applied for the last time before soil is sealed and frozen, and the irrigation amount is 76m square meter;
during the growth period of the nursery stock, the young shoots are controlled not to grow over-flourishing, and when the nursery stock grows over-flourishing, pinching needs to be carried out in time to promote the main stem to grow fully.
(6) Land management: selecting land with good drainage and smooth surface in autumn in the year, ditching before planting, wherein the ditch is 0.8m deep and 1.0m wide, applying decomposed organic fertilizer to the bottom of the ditch for 3.4m square meter/667 square meter, backfilling soil, and flood-irrigating to press alkali, wherein the irrigation quantity is 115m square meter;
the decomposed organic fertilizer is fully decomposed sheep manure;
(7) planting: digging a small pit with the depth of 0.5m and the diameter of 0.5m in a planting ditch after soil is thawed in spring in the second year, taking out the birch pear seedlings in a seedling container, putting the birch pear seedlings in the center of the small pit, righting the seedlings, enabling the seedlings to be in rows and columns, filling soil and lifting the seedlings upwards while spreading the roots, treading the seedlings, enabling the roots to be slightly higher than the ground surface, immediately irrigating water with the water quantity of 86m square meters or 667 square meters after planting, and irrigating water once after one week, wherein the water irrigation quantity is 44m square meters or 667 square meters;
(8) and (4) post management: applying the quick-acting fertilizer 2 times a month after planting, wherein the application amount is 10kg/667 square meter at intervals of 28 days every time, and immediately performing water irrigation after the fertilizer application is finished, wherein the water irrigation amount is 74 m/667 square meter, and after that, performing water irrigation once every 28 days, wherein the water irrigation amount is 35 m/667 square meter, performing shallow tillage weeding one week after each water irrigation, performing last water permeation before soil freezing, and the water irrigation amount is 85 m/667 square meter.
Example 4: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting nursery stocks: selecting strong and disease and pest free annual local birch pear seedlings before germination in spring, wherein the height of the seedlings is 89cm, and the ground diameter is 1.5 cm;
(2) preparing a matrix: selecting garden soil, humus and decomposed sheep manure, respectively and uniformly spreading the garden soil, the humus and the decomposed sheep manure on cement land, solarizing for 8.8h, turning the garden soil and the humus once every 4.7h, and then, according to the weight ratio of 4.8: 3.1: 1.9, fully mixing to prepare a seedling culture substrate;
the humus is prepared from plant residues, soil and human excrement according to the weight ratio of 5.2: 0.7: 0.8, fully wetting with water, covering with a plastic film, and composting until the compost is mature, wherein the standard of the composting is that the compost can be used when the compost reaches black, rotten and smelly degrees, and the plant residue is one or more of straw, wheat straw or fallen leaves of plants;
(3) seedling cultivation: cutting the main root of the birch pear seedling to 9.5cm to promote the birch pear seedling to generate more fibrous roots, selecting a beautiful planting bag or a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag with the diameter of 21cm and the height of 27cm as a seedling raising container, filling 1/3 volumes of the seedling raising matrix prepared in the step (2), putting the birch pear seedling into the center of the seedling raising container, adding the seedling raising matrix while lifting the seedling, stretching the root system of the seedling, and compacting after the matrix is filled;
(4) placing a bed: ditching in a field or a seedling raising greenhouse, wherein the depth of each ditch is 0.6m, the width of each ditch is 0.55m, the row spacing is 0.95m, two rows of seedling raising containers in the step (3) are placed in each ditch and are tightly abutted to each other, then soil is backfilled to enable the ground to be level and ensure that the seedling raising containers do not expose the ground, water is poured immediately after the ground is level, and the water pouring amount is 76 m-square meter construction/667-square meter;
(5) field management: applying diammonium phosphate for 2 times after seedling germination, wherein the application manner is furrow application, the application amount is 9.5kg/667 square meters at intervals of 29 days every time, water irrigation is performed immediately after the application, the irrigation amount is 84 m/667 square meters, water is performed every 38 days, the irrigation amount is 39m square meters or 667 square meters, shallow tillage weeding is performed one week after each water irrigation, water is performed for the last time before soil is sealed and frozen, and the irrigation amount is 78m square meters or 667;
during the growth period of the nursery stock, the young shoots are controlled not to grow over-flourishing, and when the nursery stock grows over-flourishing, pinching needs to be carried out in time to promote the main stem to grow fully.
(6) Land management: selecting leaf mold under the forest in autumn of the current year, wherein the gradient of the soil is 1: 100, ditching before field planting, wherein the depth of the ditch is 0.85m, the width of the ditch is 0.85m, 3.3m of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to the bottom of the ditch for cultivating a square meter;
the decomposed organic fertilizer is fully decomposed sheep manure;
(7) planting: digging a small pit with the depth of 0.5m and the diameter of 0.6m in a planting ditch after soil is thawed in spring in the second year, taking out the birch pear seedlings in a seedling container, putting the birch pear seedlings in the center of the small pit, righting the seedlings, enabling the seedlings to be in rows and columns, filling soil and lifting the seedlings upwards while spreading the roots, treading the seedlings, enabling the roots to be slightly higher than the ground surface, immediately irrigating water with the water quantity of 84m square meters per 667 square meters after planting, and irrigating water once after one week, wherein the water irrigation quantity is 42m square meters per 667;
(8) and (4) post management: applying the quick-acting fertilizer 3 times a month after planting, wherein the application amount is 11kg/667 square meter at intervals of 29 days every time, irrigating water immediately after the fertilization is finished, the irrigation amount is 76 m/667 square meter, irrigating water once every 26 days, the irrigation amount is 37m square meter cultivating/667 square meter, performing shallow tillage weeding one week after each water irrigation, and irrigating water for the last time before soil freezing, wherein the irrigation amount is 83m square meter.
Example 5: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting nursery stocks: selecting strong and disease and pest free annual local birch pear seedlings before germination in spring, wherein the height of the seedlings is 88cm, and the ground diameter is 0.7 cm;
(2) preparing a matrix: selecting garden soil, humus and decomposed sheep manure, respectively and uniformly spreading the garden soil, the humus and the decomposed sheep manure on cement land, solarizing the garden soil, the humus and the decomposed sheep manure for 9 hours, turning the garden soil, the humus and the decomposed sheep manure once every 4.6 hours, and then, according to the weight ratio of 4.9: 3: 2.4, fully mixing to prepare a seedling culture substrate;
the humus is prepared from plant residues, soil and human excrement according to the weight ratio of 5.1: 0.7: 0.8, fully wetting with water, covering with a plastic film, and composting until the compost is mature, wherein the standard of the composting is that the compost can be used when the compost reaches black, rotten and smelly degrees, and the plant residue is one or more of straw, wheat straw or fallen leaves of plants;
(3) seedling cultivation: cutting the main root of the birch pear seedling to 10cm to promote the birch pear seedling to generate more fibrous roots, selecting a beautiful planting bag or a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag with the diameter of 22cm and the height of 26cm as a seedling raising container, filling 1/3 volumes of the seedling raising matrix prepared in the step (2), putting the birch pear seedling into the center of the seedling raising container, adding the seedling raising matrix while lifting the seedling, stretching the root system of the seedling, and compacting after the matrix is filled;
(4) placing a bed: ditching in a field or a seedling raising greenhouse, wherein the depth of each ditch is 0.6m, the width of each ditch is 0.5m, the row spacing is 1m, two rows of seedling raising containers in the step (3) are placed in each ditch and are tightly abutted against each other, then backfilling soil to enable the ground to be level and ensure that the seedling raising containers do not expose out of the ground, and immediately irrigating water with the irrigation quantity of 80m of construction/667 square meter after the ground is level;
(5) field management: applying diammonium phosphate 3 times after seedling germination, wherein the fertilization mode is furrow application, the application amount is 10kg/667 square meter at intervals of 31 days every time, water irrigation is performed immediately after fertilization, the irrigation amount is 82 m/667 square meter, water is performed every 27 days thereafter, the irrigation amount is 42m square meter/667 square meter, shallow tillage weeding is performed one week after each water irrigation, water is performed for the last time before soil is sealed and frozen, and the irrigation amount is 80m square meter;
during the growth period of the nursery stock, the young shoots are controlled not to grow over-flourishing, and when the nursery stock grows over-flourishing, pinching needs to be carried out in time to promote the main stem to grow fully.
(6) Land management: selecting land with good drainage and smooth surface in autumn in the year, ditching before planting, wherein the ditch is 0.95m deep and 0.95m wide, applying decomposed organic fertilizer to the bottom of the ditch for 3.2m square meter/667 square meter, backfilling soil, and flood-irrigating to press alkali, and the irrigation quantity is 120m square meter;
the decomposed organic fertilizer is fully decomposed sheep manure;
(7) planting: digging a small pit with the depth of 0.6m and the diameter of 0.4m in a planting ditch after soil is thawed in spring in the second year, taking out the birch pear seedlings in a seedling container, putting the birch pear seedlings in the center of the small pit, righting the seedlings, enabling the seedlings to be in rows and columns, filling soil and lifting the seedlings upwards while spreading the roots, treading the seedlings, enabling the roots to be slightly higher than the ground surface, immediately irrigating the soil after planting, wherein the irrigation quantity is 82m square meters or 667 square meters, and irrigating water once after one week, and the irrigation quantity is 40m square meters or 667 square meters;
(8) and (4) post management: applying the quick-acting fertilizer 2 times a month after planting, wherein the application amount is 11kg/667 square meter at intervals of 30 days every time, and immediately performing water irrigation after the fertilizer application is finished, wherein the water irrigation amount is 78 m/667 square meter, and the water irrigation amount is 39 m/667 square meter every 25 days, performing shallow tillage weeding one week after each water irrigation, and performing last water permeation before soil freezing, wherein the water irrigation amount is 80 m/667 square meter.
Example 6: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting nursery stocks: selecting strong and disease and pest free annual local birch pear seedlings before germination in spring, wherein the height of the seedlings is 85cm, and the ground diameter is 1.0 cm;
(2) preparing a matrix: selecting garden soil, humus and decomposed sheep manure, respectively and uniformly spreading the garden soil, the humus and the decomposed sheep manure on cement land, solarizing the garden soil, the humus and the decomposed sheep manure for 9.2 hours, turning the garden soil, the humus and the decomposed sheep manure once every 4.5 hours, and then, according to the ratio of 5: 2.9: 2.2, fully mixing to prepare a seedling culture substrate;
the humus is prepared from plant residues, soil and human excrement according to the weight ratio of 5: 0.6: 0.9, fully wetting with water, covering with a plastic film, and composting until the compost is mature, wherein the standard of the composting is that the compost can be used when the compost reaches black, rotten and smelly degrees, and the plant residue is one or more of straw, wheat straw or fallen leaves of plants;
(3) seedling cultivation: cutting the main root of the birch pear seedling to 10cm to promote the birch pear seedling to generate more fibrous roots, selecting a beautiful planting bag or a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag with the diameter of 20cm and the height of 25cm as a seedling raising container, filling 1/3 volumes of the seedling raising matrix prepared in the step (2), putting the birch pear seedling into the center of the seedling raising container, adding the seedling raising matrix while lifting the seedling, stretching the root system of the seedling, and compacting after the matrix is filled;
(4) placing a bed: ditching in a field or a seedling raising greenhouse, wherein the depth of each ditch is 0.4m, the width of each ditch is 0.7m, the row spacing is 1.05m, two rows of seedling raising containers in the step (3) are placed in each ditch and are tightly abutted to each other, then soil is backfilled to enable the ground to be level and ensure that the seedling raising containers do not expose the ground, water is immediately filled after the ground is level, and the water filling amount is 82 m-square meter method/667-square meter;
(5) field management: applying diammonium phosphate 2 times after seedling germination, wherein the application manner is furrow application, the application amount is 10.5kg/667 square meter at intervals of 30 days every time, water irrigation is performed immediately after the application, the irrigation amount is 80 m/667 square meter, water is applied every 25 days, the irrigation amount is 45m square meter/667 square meter, shallow tillage weeding is performed one week after each water irrigation, water is applied for the last time before soil is sealed and frozen, and the irrigation amount is 82m square meter;
during the growth period of the nursery stock, the young shoots are controlled not to grow over-flourishing, and when the nursery stock grows over-flourishing, pinching needs to be carried out in time to promote the main stem to grow fully.
(6) Land management: in autumn of the year, selecting the gradient to be less than or equal to 1: 50 of garden land, ditching before field planting, wherein the ditch is 0.8m deep and 1.0m wide, 3.1m of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to the bottom of the ditch per 667 square meters, then backfilling the soil, flood-irrigating with big water and pressing alkali, and the irrigation quantity is 122 m;
the decomposed organic fertilizer is fully decomposed sheep manure;
(7) planting: digging a small pit with the depth of 0.6m and the diameter of 0.5m in a planting ditch after soil is thawed in spring in the second year, taking out the birch pear seedlings in a seedling container, putting the birch pear seedlings in the center of the small pit, righting the seedlings, enabling the seedlings to be in rows and columns, filling soil and lifting the seedlings upwards while spreading the roots, treading the seedlings, enabling the roots to be slightly higher than the ground surface, immediately filling water after planting, wherein the water filling amount is 80m square meters per 667, filling water once after one week, and the water filling amount is 38m square meters per 667;
(8) and (4) post management: applying the quick-acting fertilizer 3 times a month after planting, wherein the application amount is 12kg/667 square meter at intervals of 31 days every time, irrigating water immediately after the fertilization is finished, the irrigation amount is 81 m/667 square meter, then irrigating water once every 27 days, the irrigation amount is 41 m/667 square meter, performing shallow tillage weeding one week after each water irrigation, and irrigating water for the last time before soil freezing, wherein the irrigation amount is 78 m/667 square meter.
Example 7: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting nursery stocks: selecting strong and disease and pest free annual local birch pear seedlings before germination in spring, wherein the height of the seedlings is 83cm, and the ground diameter is 1.2 cm;
(2) preparing a matrix: selecting garden soil, humus and decomposed sheep manure, respectively and uniformly spreading the garden soil, the humus and the decomposed sheep manure on cement land, solarizing the garden soil, the humus and the decomposed sheep manure for 9.4 hours, turning the garden soil, the humus and the decomposed sheep manure once every 4.4 hours, and then, according to the weight ratio of 5.1: 2.8: 2.1, fully mixing to prepare a seedling culture substrate;
the humus is prepared from plant residues, soil and human excrement according to the weight ratio of 4.9: 0.5: 1, fully wetting with water, covering with a plastic film, and composting until the compost is mature, wherein the standard of composting is that the compost can be used when the compost reaches black, rotten and smelly degrees, and the plant residue is one or more of rice straw, wheat straw or plant fallen leaves;
(3) seedling cultivation: cutting the main root of the pyrus betulaefolia seedling to 9.5cm to promote the pyrus betulaefolia seedling to generate more fibrous roots, selecting a beautiful planting bag or a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag with the diameter of 25cm and the height of 25.5cm as a seedling raising container, filling 1/3 volumes of the seedling raising substrate prepared in the step (2), putting the pyrus betulaefolia seedling into the center of the seedling raising container, adding the seedling raising substrate while raising the seedling, stretching the root system of the seedling, and compacting after the substrate is filled;
(4) placing a bed: ditching in a field or a seedling raising greenhouse, wherein the depth of the ditches is 0.5m, the width of the ditches is 0.65m, the row spacing is 1.1m, two rows of seedling raising containers in the step (3) are placed in each ditch and are tightly abutted to each other, then soil is backfilled to enable the ground to be level and ensure that the seedling raising containers do not expose the ground, water is immediately filled after the ground is level, and the water filling amount is 84 m-shaped construction/667-shaped square meter;
(5) field management: applying diammonium phosphate 3 times after seedling germination, wherein the application manner is furrow application, the application amount is 11kg/667 square meters every 32 days, water irrigation is performed immediately after the application, the water irrigation amount is 78 m/667 square meters, water is performed every 29 days, the water irrigation amount is 48m square meters, shallow tillage weeding is performed one week after each water irrigation, water is performed for the last time before soil is sealed and frozen, and the water irrigation amount is 84m square meters;
during the growth period of the nursery stock, the young shoots are controlled not to grow over-flourishing, and when the nursery stock grows over-flourishing, pinching needs to be carried out in time to promote the main stem to grow fully.
(6) Land management: selecting land with good drainage and smooth surface in autumn in the year, ditching before planting, wherein the ditch is 0.85m deep and 0.95m wide, applying decomposed organic fertilizer to the bottom of the ditch for 3.9m square meter/667 square meter, backfilling soil, and flood-irrigating to press alkali, and the irrigation quantity is 124m square meter;
the decomposed organic fertilizer is fully decomposed sheep manure;
(7) planting: digging a small pit with the depth of 0.5m and the diameter of 0.4m in a planting ditch after soil is thawed in spring in the second year, taking out the birch pear seedlings in a seedling container, putting the birch pear seedlings in the center of the small pit, righting the seedlings, enabling the seedlings to be in rows and columns vertically and horizontally, lifting the seedlings upwards while filling soil, enabling the root systems to be spread, treading tightly, enabling the roots to be slightly higher than the ground surface, immediately irrigating after planting, wherein the irrigation quantity is 78m square meter or 667 square meter, and irrigating once after one week, wherein the irrigation quantity is 36m square meter or 667 square meter;
(8) and (4) post management: applying the quick-acting fertilizer 2 times a month after planting, wherein the application amount is 12kg/667 square meter at intervals of 32 days every time, and immediately performing water irrigation after the fertilizer application is finished, wherein the water irrigation amount is 83 m/667 square meter, and the water irrigation amount is 43 m/667 square meter at intervals of 25 days, performing shallow tillage and weeding one week after each water irrigation, and performing last water permeation before soil freezing sealing, wherein the water irrigation amount is 76 m/667 square meter.
Example 8: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting nursery stocks: selecting strong annual local birch pear seedlings without diseases and insect pests before germination in spring, wherein the height of the seedlings is 100cm, and the ground diameter is 1.4 cm;
(2) preparing a matrix: selecting garden soil, humus and decomposed sheep manure, respectively and uniformly spreading the garden soil, the humus and the decomposed sheep manure on cement land, solarizing the garden soil, the humus and the decomposed sheep manure for 9.6 hours, turning the garden soil, the humus and the decomposed sheep manure once every 4.3 hours, and then, according to the weight ratio of 5.2: 2.7: 2 to prepare a seedling culture substrate;
the humus is prepared from plant residues, soil and human excrement according to the weight ratio of 4.8: 0.4: 1.1, fully wetting with water, covering with a plastic film, and composting until the compost is mature, wherein the standard of the composting is that the compost can be used when the compost reaches black, rotten and smelly degrees, and the plant residue is one or more of straw, wheat straw or fallen leaves of plants;
(3) seedling cultivation: cutting the main root of the birch pear seedling to 9cm to promote the birch pear seedling to generate more fibrous roots, selecting a beautiful planting bag or a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag with the diameter of 24cm and the height of 26.5cm as a seedling raising container, filling 1/3 volumes of the seedling raising matrix prepared in the step (2), putting the birch pear seedling into the center of the seedling raising container, adding the seedling raising matrix while lifting the seedling, stretching the root system of the seedling, and compacting after the matrix is filled;
(4) placing a bed: ditching in a field or a seedling raising greenhouse, wherein the depth of each ditch is 0.45m, the width of each ditch is 0.6m, the row spacing is 1.15m, two rows of seedling raising containers in the step (3) are placed in each ditch and are abutted against each other, then soil is backfilled to enable the ground to be level and ensure that the seedling raising containers do not expose the ground, water is filled immediately after the ground is level, and the water filling amount is 86 m-square meter cultivation/667-square meter cultivation;
(5) field management: applying urea for 3 times after seedling germination, wherein the application manner is furrow application, the application amount is 11.5kg/667 square meter every 33 days, irrigation is carried out immediately after fertilization, the irrigation amount is 76 m/667 square meter, water is irrigated every 27 days, the irrigation amount is 50m square meter/667 square meter, shallow tillage weeding is carried out one week after each irrigation, water is irrigated for the last time before soil is sealed and frozen, and the irrigation amount is 86m square meter;
during the growth period of the nursery stock, the young shoots are controlled not to grow over-flourishing, and when the nursery stock grows over-flourishing, pinching needs to be carried out in time to promote the main stem to grow fully.
(6) Land management: selecting land with good drainage and smooth surface in autumn in the year, ditching before planting, wherein the ditch is 1.0m deep and 0.85m wide, applying decomposed organic fertilizer to the bottom of the ditch for 3.6m square meter/667 square meter, backfilling soil, and flood-irrigating to press alkali, and the irrigation amount is 126m square meter;
the decomposed organic fertilizer is fully decomposed sheep manure;
(7) planting: digging a small pit with the depth of 0.6m and the diameter of 0.5m in a planting ditch after soil is thawed in spring in the second year, taking out the birch pear seedlings in a seedling container, putting the birch pear seedlings in the center of the small pit, righting the seedlings, enabling the seedlings to be in rows and columns, filling soil and lifting the seedlings upwards while spreading the roots, treading the seedlings, enabling the roots to be slightly higher than the ground surface, immediately irrigating water with the water quantity of 76m square meters per 667 square meters after planting, and irrigating water once after one week, wherein the water irrigation quantity is 34m square meters per 667;
(8) and (4) post management: applying the quick-acting fertilizer 3 times a month after planting, wherein the application amount is 8kg/667 square meter at intervals of 33 days every time, and immediately performing water irrigation after the fertilizer application is finished, wherein the water irrigation amount is 85 m/667 square meter, and after that, water is performed once every 28 days, the water irrigation amount is 45 m/667 square meter, shallow tillage and weeding are performed one week after each water irrigation, water is passed through for the last time before soil is frozen, and the water irrigation amount is 74 m/667 square meter.
Example 9: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting nursery stocks: selecting strong annual local birch pear seedlings without diseases and insect pests before germination in spring, wherein the height of the seedlings is 105cm, and the ground diameter is 2.0 cm;
(2) preparing a matrix: selecting garden soil, humus and decomposed sheep manure, respectively and uniformly spreading the garden soil, the humus and the decomposed sheep manure on cement land, solarizing the garden soil, the humus and the decomposed sheep manure for 9.8 hours, turning the garden soil, the humus and the decomposed sheep manure once every 4.2 hours, and then, according to the weight ratio of 5.3: 2.6: 1.6 to prepare a seedling substrate;
the humus is prepared from plant residues, soil and human excrement according to the weight ratio of 4.7: 0.7: 1.2, fully wetting with water, covering with a plastic film, and composting until the compost is mature, wherein the standard of the composting is that the compost can be used when the compost reaches black, rotten and smelly degrees, and the plant residue is one or more of straw, wheat straw or fallen leaves of plants;
(3) seedling cultivation: cutting the main root of the pyrus betulaefolia seedling to 8.5cm to promote the pyrus betulaefolia seedling to generate more fibrous roots, selecting a beautiful planting bag or a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag with the diameter of 23cm and the height of 27.5cm as a seedling raising container, filling 1/3 volumes of the seedling raising substrate prepared in the step (2), putting the pyrus betulaefolia seedling into the center of the seedling raising container, adding the seedling raising substrate while raising the seedling, stretching the root system of the seedling, and compacting after the substrate is filled;
(4) placing a bed: ditching in a field or a seedling raising greenhouse, wherein the depth of each ditch is 0.55m, the width of each ditch is 0.55m, the row spacing is 1.2m, two rows of seedling raising containers in the step (3) are placed in each ditch and are tightly abutted to each other, then soil is backfilled to enable the ground to be level and ensure that the seedling raising containers do not expose the ground, water is immediately filled after the ground is level, and the water filling amount is 88m of construction/667 square meter;
(5) field management: applying urea and diammonium phosphate for 2 times after seedling germination, wherein the application manner is furrow application, the application amount is 12kg/667 square meters at intervals of 27 days every time, water irrigation is performed immediately after the application, the water irrigation amount is 73 m/667 square meters, water is performed every 26 days, the water irrigation amount is 36m square meters or 667 square meters, shallow tillage weeding is performed one week after each water irrigation, water permeation is performed for the last time before soil is frozen, and the water irrigation amount is 88m square meters or 667;
during the growth period of the nursery stock, the young shoots are controlled not to grow over-flourishing, and when the nursery stock grows over-flourishing, pinching needs to be carried out in time to promote the main stem to grow fully.
(6) Land management: the water drainage is good in autumn in the current year, and the gradient of the earth surface is less than or equal to 1: 100 of land, ditching before field planting, wherein the ditch is 0.95m deep and 0.8m wide, 4m for carrying out top-dressing/667 square meter on the ditch bottom, backfilling the soil, flood-irrigating with big water and carrying out alkali-pressing, and the irrigation quantity is 128m for carrying out top-dressing/667 square meter;
the decomposed organic fertilizer is fully decomposed sheep manure;
(7) planting: digging a small pit with the depth of 0.4m and the diameter of 0.4m in a planting ditch after soil is thawed in spring in the second year, taking out the birch pear seedlings in a seedling container, putting the birch pear seedlings in the center of the small pit, righting the seedlings, enabling the seedlings to be in rows and columns, filling soil and lifting the seedlings upwards while spreading the roots, treading the seedlings, enabling the roots to be slightly higher than the ground surface, immediately irrigating the water after planting, wherein the irrigation amount is 73m square meters or 667 square meters, and irrigating water once after one week, and the irrigation amount is 32m square meters or longmen;
(8) and (4) post management: applying the quick-acting fertilizer 2 times a month after planting, wherein the application amount is 9kg/667 square meter at intervals of 28 days every time, performing water irrigation immediately after the fertilizer application is finished, the water irrigation amount is 87 m/667 square meter, performing water irrigation once every 29 days, performing shallow tillage weeding one week after each water irrigation, performing last water permeation before soil freezing, and performing water irrigation at 72 m/667 square meter.
Example 10: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting nursery stocks: selecting strong and disease and pest free annual local birch pear seedlings before germination in spring, wherein the height of the seedlings is 95cm, and the ground diameter is 1.8 cm;
(2) preparing a matrix: selecting garden soil, humus and decomposed sheep manure, respectively and uniformly spreading the garden soil, the humus and the decomposed sheep manure on cement land, solarizing the garden soil, the humus and the decomposed sheep manure for 10 hours, turning the garden soil, the humus and the decomposed sheep manure once every 4 hours, and then, according to the weight ratio of 5.5: 2.5: 1.8 to prepare a seedling culture substrate;
the humus is prepared from plant residues, soil and human excrement by a weight ratio of 4.5: 0.3: 0.8, fully wetting with water, covering with a plastic film, and composting until the compost is mature, wherein the standard of the composting is that the compost can be used when the compost reaches black, rotten and smelly degrees, and the plant residue is one or more of straw, wheat straw or fallen leaves of plants;
(3) seedling cultivation: cutting the main root of the birch pear seedling to 8cm to promote the birch pear seedling to generate more fibrous roots, selecting a beautiful planting bag or a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag with the diameter of 22cm and the height of 28.5cm as a seedling raising container, filling 1/3 volumes of the seedling raising matrix prepared in the step (2), putting the birch pear seedling into the center of the seedling raising container, adding the seedling raising matrix while raising the seedling, stretching the root system of the seedling, and compacting after the matrix is filled;
(4) placing a bed: ditching in a field or a seedling raising greenhouse, wherein the depth of each ditch is 0.4m, the width of each ditch is 0.5m, the row spacing is 1.2m, two rows of seedling raising containers in the step (3) are placed in each ditch and are tightly abutted against each other, then soil is backfilled to enable the ground to be level and ensure that the seedling raising containers do not expose the ground, water is poured immediately after the ground is level, and the water pouring amount is 90m for thin film/667 square meter;
(5) field management: applying urea and diammonium phosphate for 3 times after seedling germination, wherein the application manner is furrow application, the application amount is 8kg/667 square meters at intervals of 30 days every time, water irrigation is performed immediately after the application, the water irrigation amount is 70 m/667 square meters, water is applied every 30 days, the water irrigation amount is 30m square meters, shallow tillage weeding is performed one week after each water irrigation, water permeation is performed for the last time before soil is frozen, and the water irrigation amount is 90m square meters;
during the growth period of the nursery stock, the young shoots are controlled not to grow over-flourishing, and when the nursery stock grows over-flourishing, pinching needs to be carried out in time to promote the main stem to grow fully.
(6) Land management: the water drainage is good in autumn in the current year, and the gradient of the earth surface is less than or equal to 1: 300, carrying out ditching before field planting, wherein the depth of the ditch is 1.0m, the width of the ditch is 0.9m, carrying out 3.8m of decomposed organic fertilizer on the bottom of the ditch/667 square meter, backfilling soil, carrying out flood irrigation on the soil, carrying out alkali pressing, and carrying out topdressing on the soil with the irrigation quantity of 130 m;
the decomposed organic fertilizer is fully decomposed sheep manure;
(7) planting: digging a small pit with the depth of 0.6m and the diameter of 0.6m in a planting ditch after soil is thawed in spring in the second year, taking out the birch pear seedlings in a seedling container, putting the birch pear seedlings in the center of the small pit, righting the seedlings, enabling the seedlings to be in rows and columns, filling soil and lifting the seedlings upwards while spreading the roots, treading the seedlings, enabling the roots to be slightly higher than the ground surface, immediately filling water after planting, wherein the water filling amount is 70m square meter, and filling water once after one week, wherein the water filling amount is 30m square meter top etch/667;
(8) and (4) post management: applying the quick-acting fertilizer 3 times a month after planting, wherein the application amount is 10kg/667 square meter at intervals of 27 days every time, and immediately performing water irrigation after the fertilizer application is finished, wherein the water irrigation amount is 90 m/667 square meter, and the water irrigation amount is 50 m/667 square meter every 30 days, performing shallow tillage weeding one week after each water irrigation, and performing last water permeation before soil freezing, wherein the water irrigation amount is 70 m/667 square meter.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for improving the transplanting survival rate of birch pear seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting nursery stocks: selecting strong and disease and pest free annual local birch pear seedlings before germination in spring, wherein the height of the seedlings is more than or equal to 80cm, and the ground diameter is more than or equal to 0.5 cm;
(2) preparing a matrix: selecting garden soil, humus and decomposed sheep manure according to the weight ratio of 4.5-5.5: 2.5-3.5: fully mixing the components in a ratio of 1.5-2.5 to prepare a seedling culture substrate;
(3) seedling cultivation: cutting the main root of the birch pear seedling to 8-10 cm to promote the birch pear seedling to generate more fibrous roots, filling 1/3 volumes of the seedling growing medium prepared in the step (2) into a seedling growing container, putting the birch pear seedling into the center of the seedling growing container, adding the seedling growing medium and lifting the seedling to stretch the root system of the seedling, and compacting after the medium is filled;
(4) placing a bed: ditching in a field or a seedling raising greenhouse, wherein the depth of each ditch is 0.4-0.6 m, the width of each ditch is 0.5-0.7 m, the row spacing is 0.8-1.2 m, two rows of seedling raising containers in the step (3) are placed in each ditch and are tightly abutted to each other, then, backfilling soil to enable the ground to be level and ensure that the seedling raising containers do not expose out of the ground, immediately filling water after the ground is level, and the water filling amount is 70-90 m square meters;
(5) field management: applying quick-acting fertilizer 2-3 times after seedling germination, wherein the application amount is 8-12 kg/667 square meters at intervals of 27-33 days, immediately irrigating water after the application is finished, the irrigation amount is 70-90 m/667 square meters, and then irrigating water once every 25-30 days, wherein the irrigation amount is 30-50 m/667 square meters, performing shallow tillage weeding one week after each irrigation, irrigating for the last time before soil sealing, and the irrigation amount is 70-90 m/667 square meters;
pinching is carried out on the nursery stock in the growing period in time to control over vigorous growth of new shoots and promote the trunk to grow fully;
(6) land management: selecting land with good drainage and flat ground surface in autumn in the year, ditching before planting, carrying out topdressing on the land, wherein the ditch is 0.8-1.0 m deep and 0.8-1.0 m wide, applying thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer at the ditch bottom for carrying out topdressing/667 square meter, and then backfilling the soil and carrying out flood irrigation on the soil with large water for pressing alkali;
(7) planting: digging a small pit with the depth of 0.4-0.6 m and the diameter of 0.4-0.6 m in a planting ditch after soil is thawed in the spring of the next year, taking out the birch pear seedlings in a seedling culture container, putting the birch pear seedlings into the center of the small pit, righting the seedlings, enabling the seedlings to be in a vertical and horizontal line, filling soil and lifting the seedlings upwards while spreading the roots, treading the seedlings to be solid and higher than the ground surface, immediately irrigating water with the water amount of 70-90 m square meters per 667 square meters after planting, and irrigating water once after one week, wherein the water irrigation amount is 30-50 m square meters per 667 square meters;
(8) and (4) post management: applying the quick-acting fertilizer 2-3 times one month after field planting, wherein the application amount is 8-12 kg/667 square meters at intervals of 27-33 days every time, immediately filling water after the application is finished, the water filling amount is 70-90 m/667 square meters, filling water every 25-30 days, the water filling amount is 30-50 m/667 square meters, performing shallow tillage weeding one week after each water filling, filling water for the last time before sealing soil, and the water filling amount is 70-90 m/667 square meters;
before the seedling raising substrate in the step (2) is prepared, uniformly spreading garden soil, humus and decomposed sheep manure for solarization for 8-10 hours respectively, and turning over once every 4-5 hours;
the seedling raising container is a beautiful planting bag or a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag with the diameter of 20-25 cm and the height of 25-30 cm;
the quick-acting fertilizer in the step (5) and the step (8) is one or two of urea or diammonium phosphate;
the fertilization mode in the step (5) and the step (8) is furrow application;
performing flood irrigation on the large water in the step (6) for pressing alkali, wherein the irrigation quantity is 110-130 m square meter;
the decomposed organic fertilizer in the step (6) is fully decomposed sheep manure;
the humus is prepared from plant residues, soil and human excrement by a weight ratio of 4.5-5.5: 0.3-0.7: 0.8-1.2, adding water for wetting, sealing, composting and decomposing until the mixture is black, rotten and smelly, wherein the plant residues are one or more of straws, wheat straws or fallen leaves of plants.
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| CN108476847A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-09-04 | 贵州兴正现代农业发展有限公司 | Pears plant method for transplanting |
| CN108586044A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-09-28 | 山东省果树研究所 | Lateral root for pear tree nursery sprouts composition, application method and application |
| CN112136590A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-29 | 阜南县美好生活生态农业科技有限公司 | Novel cultivation method of pears |
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| CN102884924A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-01-23 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Rapid container seedling culturing method for peach |
| CN104663358A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-06-03 | 杭州市园林工程有限公司 | Method for increasing transplanting survival rates of seedlings |
| CN105766523A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-07-20 | 靖忠东 | Planting method guaranteeing 100% of seedling transplanting survival rate |
| CN106258759A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-04 | 辛万利 | A kind of cultural method of red pear |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102884924A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-01-23 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Rapid container seedling culturing method for peach |
| CN104663358A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-06-03 | 杭州市园林工程有限公司 | Method for increasing transplanting survival rates of seedlings |
| CN105766523A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-07-20 | 靖忠东 | Planting method guaranteeing 100% of seedling transplanting survival rate |
| CN106258759A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-04 | 辛万利 | A kind of cultural method of red pear |
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