CN104303859A - Shiny-leaved yellowhorn planting method - Google Patents
Shiny-leaved yellowhorn planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104303859A CN104303859A CN201410685842.5A CN201410685842A CN104303859A CN 104303859 A CN104303859 A CN 104303859A CN 201410685842 A CN201410685842 A CN 201410685842A CN 104303859 A CN104303859 A CN 104303859A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The invention discloses a shiny-leaved yellowhorn planting method, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. According to the shiny-leaved yellowhorn planting method, improved shiny-leaved yellowhorn variety cultivation is achieved, the seedling survival rate is greatly improved, and improved variety production and scale operation of shiny-leaved yellowhorn trees are achieved. The method comprises the following steps of (1) conducting soil preparation; (2) conducting seed sowing and field planting; (3) conducting grafting on permanent plants on April of the next year, enabling scions to sprout basically 10-15 days after grafting is carried out, conducting watering after grafting is carried out, meanwhile removing sprouts so as to promote grafting sprouts to grow fast, conducting irrigation five to six times per year, loosening the soil three to four times per year, and combining watering with drip irrigation fertilizer application when irrigation and soil loosening are carried out, wherein 10-15 kilograms of the fertilizer is applied per mu, the growing period is two to three times, nitrogenous fertilizer is applied at the earlier stage, and nitrogen phosphorus and potassium mixed fertilizer is applied at the later stage; (4) then, conducting irrigation two to three times per year, removing weeds three to four times per year, applying fertilizer two times per year, and removing insect damage two times per year.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant cover cultivation methods, specifically, be a kind of implantation methods of yellow horn, belong to planting technical field.
Background technology
Yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge) belongs to Sapindaceae yellow horn and belongs to deciduous tree or shrub, have another name called pawpaw, pavilion, Wendeng City, Seng Dengmao road, yellow horn seed oil content is higher, generally can reach 50% ~ 70%, mostly be unsaturated fatty acid, mainly contain the compositions such as eicosenoic acid, palmitic acid and linolenic acid, be particularly suitable for making biodiesel.Unsaturated fatty acid content is up to 86% ~ 93.18%, its kind of analogy peanut oil and olive oil more, and the myristic acid contained is micro-, palmitic acid fragrant odour, secondly first finds existence 11,14-eicosadienoic acid, shows that it has good development prospect as table oil.Containing protein 19.8% ~ 23% in yellow horn leaf, higher than black tea.In leaf, content of caffeine can make beverage close to jasmine tea.Kind shell, shell can make the industrial chemicals such as active carbon, alditol (shell is containing alditol about 12%), xylitol, alcohol.The full tree of yellow horn tree is all colored, and pattern has redness, yellow and white, and have double flower, simple flower, blooming cycle reaches 20d, has very high gardening ornamental value, while be also good nectariferous plant.
Yellow horn originates in northern China, is distributed in north latitude 33 ° ~ 46 °, east longitude 100 ° ~ 125 °, and the Qinling Mountains, North of Huai River, on the south the Inner Mongol, from the east of Liaoning, to Qinghai, reach Henan and Along North Jiangsu in the south.Be born between the barren hillside at height above sea level 52 ~ 2260m place, cheuch and hilly country.Existing yellow horn be distributed in China Beijing, the Inner Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Anhui, Sichuan, Liaoning, Heilungkiang, Qinghai, 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities such as Tibet.The stock number of the Inner Mongol, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Gansu Liu Sheng is maximum, and wherein the stock number in the Inner Mongol is the most concentrated, has the yellow horn Artificial Pure that current China is maximum.The yellow horn Artificial Pure that Henan has fraction in blocks.There are small pieces or the tame yellow horn tree of individual plant in Beijing, Anhui, Ningxia, Xinjiang, and the yellow horn resource of all the other each province is almost Natural Secondary Forests entirely.
Yellow horn has stronger adaptability and degeneration-resistant (cold-resistant, drought resisting) ability, under absolute temperature-40 DEG C of conditions and surface temperature reach 60 DEG C scope in all can grow.70 ~ eighties of 20th century, yellow horn as woody oil tree species and afforestation ornamental tree species, in the many areas of northern China as all once commerial growing is economized in the Inner Mongol, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Xinjiang etc.At the beginning of 21 century, due to yellow horn seed oil conversion biodiesel technology obtain break through and both at home and abroad to development clean energy resource in the urgent need to, the northern area of China has started the upsurge of plantation yellow horn again, the plantation of scale has been carried out in drug in some provinces, but because various places too exaggerate the annidation of yellow horn seeds, do not carry out improved variety cultivation and lack scientific and reasonable pipe irrigation project, result in large-area yellow horn low production forest, the death in enormous quantities of little old man woods and transplanted plantlet, have a strong impact on the enthusiasm of various places peasant planting yellow horn, on the other hand also for the development of yellow horn brings certain negative effect.Due to the low yield of yellow horn, the yellow horn of many growing areas is cut down and is abandoned kind.At the beginning of 21 century, along with the domestic and international growing interest polluted energy security and earth environment, there is the sight line that woody biodiesel raw material seeds one yellow horn that is renewable, clean and security advantages just enters people again.China is a populous nation, and per capita cultivated land is less than 0.1hm
2, it is impossible for be completely raw material production biodiesel with agricultural product.But Xinjiang of China has vast mountain area, Sha Qu, Gobi desert can supply plantation shrub fuel oil's futures, as the raw material of biodiesel.What yellow horn was specified as the State Administration of Forestry is adapted at one of 6 kinds of woody oleiferous plants energy forest seeds of whole nation development, and be uniquely adapted at the woody oleiferous plants energy seeds of northern area development, start to plant yellow horn in some wastelands suitable for afforestation, current planting area reaches 266.67hm
2.The soil types mainly wasteland, Gobi desert selected, based on Seedling propagation, have transplanted seedling concurrently, but transplanted seedling survival rate is only less than 20%.Water and adopt furrow irrigation, water every year 3 ~ 6 times, do not apply fertilizer.Current growing way is short, only has 30 ~ 60cm, has and sporadicly bears fruit, and ripening rate is low, does not reach the effect that 3a is born fruit, 5a gets bumper crops.Plant better in soil fertility and in the orchard of energy assure feed water yellow horn growing way between a small amount of good, 3a is raw, and height of seedling can reach 1.4m, start result, but result quantities is uneven.
From above plantation present situation and economic well-being of workers and staff, yellow horn development is by the restriction of following several respects factor: one is that in colony, type mixes, output great disparity between strain.Because yellow horn is not by wild long to artificial cultivation history, also maintain many wild characters, so individual plant hip number difference is very large in cultivation, each provinces and regions, the whole nation are still in the excellent high yield individual plant of screening, form the excellent high yielding variety stage, also lack the yellow horn improved seeds can applied in the whole nation at present; Two is that seedling art transplanting survival rate is low.The root of yellow horn is deep-rootedness fleshy root, and main root is obvious, and side root is undeveloped, and root system one meets damage, heals poor, meets water electrode and easily causes rotten, affect survival rate.The death of 40% yellow horn treelet 534hm2 of Mu Lei county plantation is all from root rot.General yellow horn 1a is raw, and nursery stock root only has 30 ~ 50cm, not easily hinders root when uprooting, and transplanted seedling survival rate is high, but transplants as grafting, and production does not have practical significance.Yellow horn grafting is all generally that the raw seedling of 2 ~ 3a could be transplanted.But 2a is taken root and 3a is taken root, and underground layer is very dark, main root reaches 0.8 ~ 1.5m, transplanting process of uprooting easily causes root phloem damaged, water is met after nursery stock transplanting, root phloem breakage starts to decay, then whole piece root phloem all rots, and causes root cannot absorb moisture and nutrient from soil, and the whole strain of last transplanted seedling acrial part leaf withering is dead.At yellow horn growing area, transplanted seedling bad root phenomenon is very general, and lethality reaches 80% ~ 90%, is even annihilated in some areas; Three is that fruit drop of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge during young fruit period is serious, and thousand spend a fruit phenomenon general, affect income.If do not taken measures, under nature, fruit drop of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge during young fruit period is serious, and fruit-setting rate is only 2.2% ~ 6.3%; Four is that yellow horn does not still set up vegetative propagation system, and scale improved variety cultivation is restricted; Five is that yellow horn plantation lacks scientific and reasonable soil standard for land use and rich water pipe irrigation project, and replanting is gently managed, and causes that a large amount of nursery stocks is dead, seedling art amount of growth is low and hip number is low or does not have low production forest and the Low-efficiency forest of income.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of improved variety cultivation realizing yellow horn, greatly improve plant percent, realize the improved variety production of yellow horn tree and the yellow horn implantation methods of appropriate scale of operation.
Technical scheme of the present invention is such: this implantation methods comprises the steps: successively
1) wholely
Select gently saline and alkaline sand soil, soil pH is 7.5 ~ 8.5, trench digging, spreads the fertilizer executed 5 ~ 10cm and became thoroughly decomposed, on fertilizer, then covers the thin sand and soil of 15 ~ 20cm, and flatten, wait for sowing after holding ditch successfully at bottom of trench;
2) in 3-4 month, to step 1) pour water in the ground put in order, then by the yellow horn seed after vernalization according to line-spacing 3 ~ 4 meters, cave apart from 1.0 ~ 1.5m, sowing depth 3 ~ 5cm, sowing kind of benevolence amount 20 ~ 30 kilograms every mu, broadcasts rear bed surface and covers grass, keep ground moistening, emerge after 20 ~ 30 days, fertigation after emerging, every mu of consumption 5 ~ 10 kilograms, vegetative period 2 ~ 3 times, early stage nitrogenous fertilizer, later stage N-P-K mixed fertilizer; Annual drip irrigation 12 ~ 15 times, every mu of irrigation quantity 15 ~ 20m at every turn
3, during the laggard final singling of seedling in the ranks in a year, early stage, 2 strains were stayed in every cave, and after half a year, final singling stays 1 strain as permanent strain again;
3) Second Year carries out grafting to permanent strain April, after grafting 10 ~ 15 days, and scion is rudiment substantially all, water after carrying out grafting, rudiment is erased simultaneously, to promote grafting bud fast-growing, pour water the whole year 5 ~ 6 times, loosen the soil 3 ~ 4 times, combine therebetween and water and execute drip irrigation fertilizer, every mu of consumption 10 ~ 15 kilograms, vegetative period 2 ~ 3 times, early stage nitrogenous fertilizer, later stage N-P-K mixed fertilizer.
4) pour water 2-3 later every year, cuts weeds 3-4 time, applies fertilizer 2 times, except insect pest 2 times.
Further, the implantation methods of above-mentioned yellow horn, described ditch spacing 3m-4m.
Further, the implantation methods of above-mentioned yellow horn, during grafting, weeds a garden, and uses scion of sealing with wax, and adopts scion grafting.
Further, the implantation methods of above-mentioned yellow horn, step 4) described in fertilising be mid-April every mu first time execute 100-120 kilogram of urea, second time be mid-October every mu execute 100-120 kilogram of N-P-K mixed fertilizer.
Further, the implantation methods of above-mentioned yellow horn, step 4) described in pre-preventing disease and pest sulphur, lime, water, in proportion 2:1.2 ~ 1.5:15 ~ 20, boil lime sulfur.
Further, above-mentioned yellow horn seed accelerating germination method is: scald with 75 ~ 85 DEG C of hot water before sowing and plant 8 ~ 12 minutes, then 45 ~ 55 DEG C of seed soaking 36 ~ 60 hours, pull seed out, mixed 2 ~ 4 times of river sands are placed in the thermostatic chamber of 22 ~ 30 DEG C, can sow after 5 days.
Compared with prior art, technical scheme provided by the invention can realize the improved variety cultivation of yellow horn, greatly improves plant percent, and realize improved variety production and the appropriate scale of operation of yellow horn tree, powerful guarantee yellow horn tree is real high yield early, forms industrial benefit.
Embodiment
Be described in more detail the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but do not form any limitation of the invention, the amendment of anyone limited number of time made in right of the present invention is still in right of the present invention.
1) wholely
Select gently saline and alkaline sand soil, soil pH is 7.5 ~ 8.5, trench digging, wherein, and ditch spacing 3m-4m.Spread the fertilizer executed 5 ~ 10cm and became thoroughly decomposed after holding ditch successfully at bottom of trench, on fertilizer, then cover the thin sand and soil of 15 ~ 20cm, and flatten, wait for sowing;
2) in 3-4 month, to step 1) pour water in the ground put in order, then by the yellow horn seed after vernalization according to line-spacing 3 ~ 4 meters, cave apart from 1.0 ~ 1.5m, sowing depth 3 ~ 5cm, sowing kind of benevolence amount 20 ~ 30 kilograms every mu, broadcasts rear bed surface and covers grass, keep ground moistening, emerge after 20 ~ 30 days, fertigation after emerging, every mu of consumption 5 ~ 10 kilograms, vegetative period 2 ~ 3 times, early stage nitrogenous fertilizer, later stage N-P-K mixed fertilizer; Annual drip irrigation 12 ~ 15 times, every mu of irrigation quantity 15 ~ 20m at every turn
3, during the laggard final singling of seedling in the ranks in a year, early stage, 2 strains were stayed in every cave, and after half a year, final singling stays 1 strain as permanent strain again.
Scald with 75 ~ 85 DEG C of hot water before sowing and plant 8 ~ 12 minutes, then 45 ~ 55 DEG C of seed soaking 36 ~ 60 hours, pull seed out, mixed 2 ~ 4 times of river sands are placed in the thermostatic chamber of 22 ~ 30 DEG C, can sow after 5 days.
3) Second Year carries out grafting to permanent strain April, before grafting, weeds a garden, and uses scion of sealing with wax, and adopts scion grafting.After grafting 10 ~ 15 days, scion is rudiment substantially all, waters, erase simultaneously to rudiment after carrying out grafting, to promote grafting bud fast-growing, pour water the whole year 5 ~ 6 times, loosen the soil 3 ~ 4 times, combine to water therebetween and execute drip irrigation fertilizer, every mu of consumption 10 ~ 15 kilograms, vegetative period 2 ~ 3 times, early stage nitrogenous fertilizer, later stage N-P-K mixed fertilizer.
4) pour water 2-3 later every year, cuts weeds 3-4 time, applies fertilizer 2 times, first time mid-April every mu ground execute 100-120 kilogram of urea, second time be mid-October every mu execute 100-120 kilogram of N-P-K mixed fertilizer.With sulphur, lime, water, in proportion 2:1.2 ~ 1.5:15 ~ 20, boil lime sulfur, except insect pest 2 times.
Claims (6)
1. an implantation methods for yellow horn, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: successively
1) wholely
Select gently saline and alkaline sand soil, soil pH is 7.5 ~ 8.5, trench digging, spreads the fertilizer executed 5 ~ 10cm and became thoroughly decomposed, on fertilizer, then covers the thin sand and soil of 15 ~ 20cm, and flatten, wait for sowing after holding ditch successfully at bottom of trench;
2) in 3-4 month, to step 1) pour water in the ground put in order, then by the yellow horn seed after vernalization according to line-spacing 3 ~ 4 meters, cave apart from 1.0 ~ 1.5m, sowing depth 3 ~ 5cm, sowing kind of benevolence amount 20 ~ 30 kilograms every mu, broadcasts rear bed surface and covers grass, keep ground moistening, emerge after 20 ~ 30 days, fertigation after emerging, every mu of consumption 5 ~ 10 kilograms, vegetative period 2 ~ 3 times, early stage nitrogenous fertilizer, later stage N-P-K mixed fertilizer; Annual drip irrigation 12 ~ 15 times, every mu of irrigation quantity 15 ~ 20m at every turn
3, during the laggard final singling of seedling in the ranks in a year, early stage, 2 strains were stayed in every cave, and after half a year, final singling stays 1 strain as permanent strain again;
3) Second Year carries out grafting to permanent strain April, after grafting 10 ~ 15 days, and scion is rudiment substantially all, water after carrying out grafting, rudiment is erased simultaneously, to promote grafting bud fast-growing, pour water the whole year 5 ~ 6 times, loosen the soil 3 ~ 4 times, combine therebetween and water and execute drip irrigation fertilizer, every mu of consumption 10 ~ 15 kilograms, vegetative period 2 ~ 3 times, early stage nitrogenous fertilizer, later stage N-P-K mixed fertilizer;
4) pour water 2-3 later every year, cuts weeds 3-4 time, applies fertilizer 2 times, except insect pest 2 times.
2. the implantation methods of yellow horn according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described ditch spacing 3m-4m.
3. the implantation methods of yellow horn according to claim 1, is characterized in that, during grafting, weed a garden, and uses scion of sealing with wax, and adopts scion grafting.
4. the implantation methods of yellow horn according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fertilising be mid-April every mu first time execute 100-120 kilogram of urea, second time be mid-October every mu execute 100-120 kilogram of N-P-K mixed fertilizer.
5. the implantation methods of yellow horn according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described pre-preventing disease and pest sulphur, lime, water, in proportion 2:1.2 ~ 1.5:15 ~ 20, boil lime sulfur.
6. the implantation methods of yellow horn according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described yellow horn seed accelerating germination method is: scald with 75 ~ 85 DEG C of hot water before sowing and plant 8 ~ 12 minutes, then 45 ~ 55 DEG C of seed soaking 36 ~ 60 hours, pull seed out, mixed 2 ~ 4 times of river sands are placed in the thermostatic chamber of 22 ~ 30 DEG C, can sow after 5 days.
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| CN201410685842.5A CN104303859A (en) | 2014-11-25 | 2014-11-25 | Shiny-leaved yellowhorn planting method |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104956994A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2015-10-07 | 新疆林业科学院 | Cultivating method for large-root-amount seedlings of shiny-leaved yellowhorn trees |
| CN104969755A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-14 | 新疆林业科学院 | Method for increasing transplanting survival rate of xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge bare-root nursery stocks |
| CN105191541A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2015-12-30 | 大连民族大学 | Germination accelerating method for rapidly relieving dormancy of xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds |
| CN105684822A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-06-22 | 句容市满园春家庭农场 | Sapindus mukurossi grafting seedling method |
| CN105746184A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-07-13 | 北京艾比蒂生物科技有限公司 | Piece-root grafting container seedling breeding method for Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge |
| CN105917974A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-09-07 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Culture method for xanthoceras sorbifolium young seedling grafting container seedlings |
| CN108886906A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-11-27 | 付广军 | A kind of shiny-leaved yellowhorn seed sand storage germination accelerating method |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104969755A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-14 | 新疆林业科学院 | Method for increasing transplanting survival rate of xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge bare-root nursery stocks |
| CN104956994A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2015-10-07 | 新疆林业科学院 | Cultivating method for large-root-amount seedlings of shiny-leaved yellowhorn trees |
| CN105191541A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2015-12-30 | 大连民族大学 | Germination accelerating method for rapidly relieving dormancy of xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds |
| CN105684822A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-06-22 | 句容市满园春家庭农场 | Sapindus mukurossi grafting seedling method |
| CN105684822B (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2018-11-13 | 句容市满园春家庭农场 | The grafting seedlings-growing method of soapberry |
| CN105746184A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-07-13 | 北京艾比蒂生物科技有限公司 | Piece-root grafting container seedling breeding method for Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge |
| CN105917974A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-09-07 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Culture method for xanthoceras sorbifolium young seedling grafting container seedlings |
| CN108886906A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-11-27 | 付广军 | A kind of shiny-leaved yellowhorn seed sand storage germination accelerating method |
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Application publication date: 20150128 |