CN106358944A - Cultivation method for increasing blueberry anthocyanin content and fruit internal quality - Google Patents
Cultivation method for increasing blueberry anthocyanin content and fruit internal quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN106358944A CN106358944A CN201610779244.3A CN201610779244A CN106358944A CN 106358944 A CN106358944 A CN 106358944A CN 201610779244 A CN201610779244 A CN 201610779244A CN 106358944 A CN106358944 A CN 106358944A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method for increasing the blueberry anthocyanin content and the fruit internal quality. The cultivation method comprises the following steps of (1) establishing an orchard, and preparing soil; (2) preparing a mixed matrix which is prepared from the following components in mass percent: 35 to 45% of saw dust, 25 to 30% of leaf mold, 15 to 20% of straws, 4 to 10% of pig manure organic fertilizer, 6 to 9% of river sand and 1 to 4% of perlite, wherein the sum of the mass percent is 100%; (3) field-planting; (4) reshaping and pruning; (5) managing fertilizer and water: laying silver reflector films on both sides of crowns along the lines of trees at the earlier stage of color change of blueberry fruits, wherein the outer edges of the reflector films are aligned with the outer edges of the crowns, the films are not pierced during pressing, and the films are not removed until fertilizer is applied after harvesting; (6) harvesting: harvesting in batches because the blooming sequence of the blueberry fruits in inflorescence is one after the other and the mature stages of the fruits are different, wherein the fruits are mature when the surfaces of the fruits change from turquoise to red to bluish violet to purple black, and generally, harvesting is performed once every two to three days at a full fruit stage and is performed once every four to six days at a primary fruit stage and an end fruit stage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural method improving blueberry anthocyanidin content and fruit interior quality, belong to cultivation of fruit tree
Technical field.
Background technology
Blue berry is a kind of nutrition fruit rich in vitamin, mineral and protein, the extremely people because of its sweet and sour taste
Like, and receive publicity because rich in anthocyanidin, superoxide dismutase etc. there is the effects such as antioxidation, slow down aging.Blue berry
Root system is shallow, it is weak to absorb nutrient ability, easily produces growth retardation, colored and unreal phenomenon in planting process；Meanwhile, blue berry
Real not easy to clean, pesticide must be used less in planting process, therefore, nuisanceless blue berry implantation methods receive much attention as far as possible.
Blue berry is the health food generally acknowledged in the world, sour and sweet palatability, and has clearly pleasant fragrance, contains in Blueberry
A large amount of particular matters such as carbohydrate, aminoacid, anthocyanin, ellagic acid, vitamin e, natural rhodopsin, flavonoid, have
Delay nerve aging, the unique effects of cardiac function enhancing and anticancer.In recent years, the understanding to blue berry, city with China people
Field demand is increasing, and its cultivated area constantly expands, and south is existing to have area to start to plant blue berry very much, and on the one hand blue berry likes life
Under acid edaphic condition, on the other hand because root system is very very thin, main root is undeveloped, and fibrous root is a lot, therefore in viscous weight
Can hardly grow well on soil, and southern area farmland soil distributed areas are more, most farmlands are due to being chronically at water
Flood under state, soil becomes viscous weight, does not have gap structure, ventilating permeable is poor, some farmlands ph value is higher, for neutrality to weak base
Property, and could harvest after 3-5 will be grown, plantation puts into big, benefit is slow, and the mature period is fixed, the enthusiasm of plantation peasant household
Impacted.
Content of the invention
For the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of artificial blue berry high-yield planting method, bag
Include following steps:
(1) building well site preparation: building well, lay irrigation and drainage system, take the groove of planting of Suitable depth and width, then dig use in bottom land
Gravel and fluvial sand that in the covered conduit of draining, covered conduit, filling guarantee hydrops can be discharged in time；
(2) substrate configuration: before spring time of planting sprouts, after fall foliage, digging field planting groove depth when planting on ridge is
20-40 cm, width is laying isolated material in 30-50 cm, field planting groove, and isolated material is microporous nonwoven cloth, puts in field planting groove
3/4 mixed-matrix, described mixed-matrix according to mass percent is: vegetable garden soil 25% ~ 35wt%, active function bacterium 5% ~
10wt%, mineral powder 5% ~ 15wt% and fertilizer 25% ~ 30wt%, inorganic composite fertilizer 15% ~ 20wt% water is prepared from, each component
Sum be 100%, active function bacterium bag include lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilises, bacillus megaterium, Trichoderma spp., aspergillus niger, monascuses,
Trichoderma harzianum, microorganism Aspergillus aculeatus and yeast, mineral powder be turf, zeolite, Vermiculitum, montmorillonite, Calcium Carbonate, in expanded perlite
One or more mixture, fineness≤200 mesh of mineral powder, described fertilizer contains the muck becoming thoroughly decomposed, Semen Allii Tuberosi
Cake fertilizer, straw, the weight of described muck, rapeseed cake fertilizer and straw is than for 5.5～7.5: 2.5～3.5: 0.5～1.5；Described nothing
Machine compound fertilizer component 10 ~ 20wt% containing carbamide, calcium superphosphate 10 ~ 15wt%, potassium sulfate 25 ~ 30wt%, potassium nitrate 25 ~ 30wt%, phosphorus
Sour diammonium 10 ~ 15 wt%, humic acid 10 ~ 20wt %, that each group is divided and be 100%, cover again above 10cm about fine earth after
Plant nursery stock, it is to avoid seedling root and fertilizer directly contact, pour root water after planting, next day pours 1 time again；
(3) it is colonized: seeding row spacing 1.0m-1.5m × 1.5m-2m, main breed and pollinizers, proportioning is 4: 1, in the ranks configures；Select
More than height of seedling 50cm through cultivation in 2 years, the blue berry strong sprout of Main stem diameter more than 0.6cm, soaked using 800-1000 times of carbendazim
After 8～10min, it is transplanted in definite value cave, 10-20cm mellow soil is inserted during transplanting on base manure, waters in definite value, after definite value first
Carry out pouring root with root-growing agent, applying fertilizer after pouring root 1-2 days, fertilizer is based on fertilizer, supplemented by compound fertilizer；Tree disk covers 5cm
Thick broken grass, squirts rear covering with plastic film with water, with the tight fenestra of soil pressure at trunk；
(4) pruning: the 1st year after treelet field planting, the 2nd year main purpose be to promote root system development, expand tree crown, increase branch
Bar, to go based on bud, after 2-3 enters and grows up after field planting, prunes to be mainly and controls the height of tree, improve illumination condition, repair
Cut based on sparse branching, remove overstocked branch, thin and delicate branch sick branch, and the tiller producing on root system, growth potential is relatively opened a business tree sparse branching
When go weak branch to stay enriching shoot, upright kind is gone to center to do, is put in a skylight, and stays golden mean of the Confucian school branch, the optimal bearing age of bough result be 5～
6 years, will bounce back when exceeding renewal, and bearing tree bud amount is big, and the method frequently with clipping and carving bud removes a part of bud, typically every
Individual vigorous branches is cut and is stayed 2～3 buds, enters fruiting period within the 3rd year after field planting, prunes the balance being mainly growth regulation and result, change
The ventilation and penetrating light condition of kind tree body, improves the ability of yield, fruit quality and continuous high yield, extends the economic life of tree body, repair
Cut based on sparse branching, remove overstocked branch, thin and delicate branch, sick branch, and the tiller that root system produces, growth potential tree of relatively opening a business removes weak branch
Stay enriching shoot, upright the putting in a skylight of tree vigo(u)r, and stay golden mean of the Confucian school branch；
(5) rich water quality management: in non-period, apply the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer that n: p: k is 1-3: 0.5-2: 0.5-2；In period,
Apply the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer that n: p: k is 1-3: 1-3: 1-3；Water to carry out all by the way of drip irrigation, after entering the best fruiting period
Can winter compost, make compost, barnyard manure, biogas manure, green manure, crop material, sludge and cake fertilizer, every plant of 3～10 kg, amount should not mistake, apply
Spread fertilizer over the fields or open strip groove in tree crown orthographic projection edge periphery when fertile and apply, also can be mixed into soil layer in conjunction with shallow plowing weeding, liquid or can
Soluble fertilizers can in conjunction with fertigation, also can foliage-spray, foliage application whole year 2～3 times, in leaf stretching period to fruit expanding period
Based on nitrogenous fertilizer；Fruit maturation and flower bud differentiation period are based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer；Fertigation is after budding period, swollen fruiting period and fruit picking
Waiting time gradation is poured with water and is applied, and general concentration is 0.3%；Soil application in the budding period, bloom bear fruit after points of 2 times administrations, tree crown outer rim cave
Apply, depth is advisable with 5cm.Blue berry SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING fertilizer requirement is big, need to topdress in time, apply rush fertilizers for potted flowers, with decomposed manure before blooming
Based on, supplemented by NPK, spread manuer in holes by every plant of 1kg fertilizer, 200g compound fertilizer；Late May applies fruit-promoting fertilizer, organic to become thoroughly decomposed
Fertilizer based on, 3kg is applied in strain, tree both sides 30cm place ditch spread, the budding period, bloom before, swollen fruiting period, the dry spell and apply fertilizer after filled
Water, notices that the florescence not non-irrigated does not pour；
(6) fruit management: when blue berry 5% the flowers are in blossom put when, press 3000-4000m at the periphery spaciousness of orchard2The ratio of/1 hive bee
Place beehive, improve pollination rate and quality of bearing fruit using Apiss or bumblebee, in Blueberry annesl early stage along tree row laying silver color
Reflective membrane, is layered on tree crown both sides, and the outward flange of reflective membrane is alignd with the outer rim of tree crown, is careful not to puncture during press mold, until
Remove when applying fertilizer after harvesting；
(7) harvest: blue berry is bloomed after order has and first have in inflorescence, and the period of maturation of fruit is inconsistent, harvest in batches, when fruit
Surface, by initial dark green, gradually becomes redness, then is transformed into bluish violet to ripe during atropurpureuss, the general best fruiting period 2～3
Once, just fruit and the harvesting in 4～6 days of last fruiting period is once for its harvesting.
Step (4) determines, according to tree body size and tree vigo(u)r, branch amount of staying, and strain is produced 2kg and stayed a 60-70, stays colored 150-200；
Strain is produced 3kg and is stayed a 90-120, stays colored 350-400；Strain is produced 4kg and is stayed 150 about, branch, stays colored 150-200, maintains, 6
Above result bough, every 5-6 retraction updates bough 1 time；Annual culture 1-2 bar base life branch updates the above aging of life in 6 years
Cong Zhi, keeps Herb result branch age all below life in 6 years, to extend the best fruiting period time limit.
Described step root-growing agent is indolebutyric acid sodium water solution, and the mass concentration of described indolebutyric acid sodium water solution is
0.5%-0.9%.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: building well site preparation, improves to soil, has fully ensured that the edaphic condition of blue berry；Fixed
Before value, using 800-1000 times of carbendazim, seedling is processed, reduce disease, using root-growing agent, promote the growth promoter of blue berry；Right
Seedling after definite value is persistently pruned, and promotes developing so that the sprouting sprouting after pruning is more sturdy of root system, increased branch
The quantity of bar, beneficial to blue berry high yield；Whole growth course does not use chemical pesticide chemical fertilizer, is used organic compost as base fertilizer, protects
Card product yield, makes product nutritive value higher it is ensured that Blueberry green health；During definite value, base manure is inserted
, there is not burn seedlings phenomenon in mellow soil, it is to avoid the contact with base fertilizer for the root；The present invention can effectively shorten the blue berry growth and maturity time,
Extend fruiting period, and improve the yield of blue berry and the quality of blue berry.
Various material prices used by the present invention are cheap, and can be used repeatedly, and have the characteristics that low cost, and the present invention is also
Have simple to operate, practical and convenient, on the premise of guarantee Blueberry anthocyanidin content and other interior quality significantly improve,
Fruit color can also be increased, reduce the growth of weeds below tree crown, in fruit size, single fruit weight, fruit-setting rate etc. is external comprehensive
Shape aspect all shows well, effectively increases the yield and quality of blue berry, and improves that to reduce medicine while commodity residual
Stay and production cost, increase the economic well-being of workers and staff of peasant.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below.
A kind of artificial blue berry high-yield planting method, comprises the following steps:
(1) building well site preparation: building well, lay irrigation and drainage system, take the groove of planting of Suitable depth and width, then dig use in bottom land
Gravel and fluvial sand that in the covered conduit of draining, covered conduit, filling guarantee hydrops can be discharged in time；
(2) substrate configuration: before spring time of planting sprouts, after fall foliage, digging field planting groove depth when planting on ridge is
20-40 cm, width is laying isolated material in 30-50 cm, field planting groove, and isolated material is microporous nonwoven cloth, puts in field planting groove
3/4 mixed-matrix, described mixed-matrix according to mass percent is: vegetable garden soil 25% ~ 35wt%, active function bacterium 5% ~
10wt%, mineral powder 5% ~ 15wt% and fertilizer 25% ~ 30wt%, inorganic composite fertilizer 15% ~ 20wt% water is prepared from, each component
Sum be 100%, active function bacterium bag include lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilises, bacillus megaterium, Trichoderma spp., aspergillus niger, monascuses,
Trichoderma harzianum, microorganism Aspergillus aculeatus and yeast, mineral powder be turf, zeolite, Vermiculitum, montmorillonite, Calcium Carbonate, in expanded perlite
One or more mixture, fineness≤200 mesh of mineral powder, described fertilizer contains the muck becoming thoroughly decomposed, Semen Allii Tuberosi
Cake fertilizer, straw, the weight of described muck, rapeseed cake fertilizer and straw is than for 5.5～7.5: 2.5～3.5: 0.5～1.5；Described nothing
Machine compound fertilizer component 10 ~ 20wt% containing carbamide, calcium superphosphate 10 ~ 15wt%, potassium sulfate 25 ~ 30wt%, potassium nitrate 25 ~ 30wt%, phosphorus
Sour diammonium 10 ~ 15 wt%, humic acid 10 ~ 20wt %, that each group is divided and be 100%, cover again above 10cm about fine earth after
Plant nursery stock, it is to avoid seedling root and fertilizer directly contact, pour root water after planting, next day pours 1 time again；
(3) it is colonized: seeding row spacing 1.0m-1.5m × 1.5m-2m, main breed and pollinizers, proportioning is 4: 1, in the ranks configures；Select
More than height of seedling 50cm through cultivation in 2 years, the blue berry strong sprout of Main stem diameter more than 0.6cm, soaked using 800-1000 times of carbendazim
After 8～10min, it is transplanted in definite value cave, 10-20cm mellow soil is inserted during transplanting on base manure, waters in definite value, after definite value first
Carry out pouring root with root-growing agent, applying fertilizer after pouring root 1-2 days, fertilizer is based on fertilizer, supplemented by compound fertilizer；Tree disk covers 5cm
Thick broken grass, squirts rear covering with plastic film with water, with the tight fenestra of soil pressure at trunk；
(4) pruning: the 1st year after treelet field planting, the 2nd year main purpose be to promote root system development, expand tree crown, increase branch
Bar, to go based on bud, after 2-3 enters and grows up after field planting, prunes to be mainly and controls the height of tree, improve illumination condition, repair
Cut based on sparse branching, remove overstocked branch, thin and delicate branch sick branch, and the tiller producing on root system, growth potential is relatively opened a business tree sparse branching
When go weak branch to stay enriching shoot, upright kind is gone to center to do, is put in a skylight, and stays golden mean of the Confucian school branch, the optimal bearing age of bough result be 5～
6 years, will bounce back when exceeding renewal, and bearing tree bud amount is big, and the method frequently with clipping and carving bud removes a part of bud, typically every
Individual vigorous branches is cut and is stayed 2～3 buds, enters fruiting period within the 3rd year after field planting, prunes the balance being mainly growth regulation and result, change
The ventilation and penetrating light condition of kind tree body, improves the ability of yield, fruit quality and continuous high yield, extends the economic life of tree body, repair
Cut based on sparse branching, remove overstocked branch, thin and delicate branch, sick branch, and the tiller that root system produces, growth potential tree of relatively opening a business removes weak branch
Stay enriching shoot, upright the putting in a skylight of tree vigo(u)r, and stay golden mean of the Confucian school branch；
(5) rich water quality management: in non-period, apply the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer that n: p: k is 1-3: 0.5-2: 0.5-2；In period,
Apply the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer that n: p: k is 1-3: 1-3: 1-3；Water to carry out all by the way of drip irrigation, after entering the best fruiting period
Can winter compost, make compost, barnyard manure, biogas manure, green manure, crop material, sludge and cake fertilizer, every plant of 3～10 kg, amount should not mistake, apply
Spread fertilizer over the fields or open strip groove in tree crown orthographic projection edge periphery when fertile and apply, also can be mixed into soil layer in conjunction with shallow plowing weeding, liquid or can
Soluble fertilizers can in conjunction with fertigation, also can foliage-spray, foliage application whole year 2～3 times, in leaf stretching period to fruit expanding period
Based on nitrogenous fertilizer；Fruit maturation and flower bud differentiation period are based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer；Fertigation is after budding period, swollen fruiting period and fruit picking
Waiting time gradation is poured with water and is applied, and general concentration is 0.3%；Soil application in the budding period, bloom bear fruit after points of 2 times administrations, tree crown outer rim cave
Apply, depth is advisable with 5cm.Blue berry SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING fertilizer requirement is big, need to topdress in time, apply rush fertilizers for potted flowers, with decomposed manure before blooming
Based on, supplemented by NPK, spread manuer in holes by every plant of 1kg fertilizer, 200g compound fertilizer；Late May applies fruit-promoting fertilizer, organic to become thoroughly decomposed
Fertilizer based on, 3kg is applied in strain, tree both sides 30cm place ditch spread, the budding period, bloom before, swollen fruiting period, the dry spell and apply fertilizer after filled
Water, notices that the florescence not non-irrigated does not pour；
(6) fruit management: when blue berry 5% the flowers are in blossom put when, press 3000-4000m at the periphery spaciousness of orchard2The ratio of/1 hive bee
Place beehive, improve pollination rate and quality of bearing fruit using Apiss or bumblebee, in Blueberry annesl early stage along tree row laying silver color
Reflective membrane, is layered on tree crown both sides, and the outward flange of reflective membrane is alignd with the outer rim of tree crown, is careful not to puncture during press mold, until
Remove when applying fertilizer after harvesting；
(7) harvest: blue berry is bloomed after order has and first have in inflorescence, and the period of maturation of fruit is inconsistent, harvest in batches, when fruit
Surface, by initial dark green, gradually becomes redness, then is transformed into bluish violet to ripe during atropurpureuss, the general best fruiting period 2～3
Once, just fruit and the harvesting in 4～6 days of last fruiting period is once for its harvesting.
Further, step (4) determines, according to tree body size and tree vigo(u)r, branch amount of staying, and strain is produced 2kg and stayed a 60-70, stays flower
150-200；Strain is produced 3kg and is stayed a 90-120, stays colored 350-400；Strain is produced 4kg and is stayed 150 about, branch, stays colored 150-200
Individual, maintain, the result bough of more than 6, every 5-6 retraction updates bough 1 time；Annual culture 1-2 bar base life branch updates life in 6 years
Above old and feeble clump branch, keeps Herb result branch age all below life in 6 years, to extend the best fruiting period time limit.
Further, described step root-growing agent is indolebutyric acid sodium water solution, and the quality of described indolebutyric acid sodium water solution is dense
Spend for 0.5%-0.9%.
Further, when blue berry 5% the flowers are in blossom put when, put in the ratio of 3000-4000m2/1 hive bee at the periphery spaciousness of orchard
Put beehive, improve pollination rate and quality of bearing fruit using Apiss or bumblebee.
Crop smothering manages
Blueberry garden loosing soil moistens, good permeability, is easily subject to crop smothering in treelet phase orchard.Weeding be blue berry orchard several years ago
Important step in management.The new base of general blue berry is located at mountain forest wasteland, weedy, wherein annual or perennial weeds
It is difficult to control.And use herbicide often to produce wound to blue berry tree body
Evil, such as common medicine agent glyphosate, can cause the symptoms such as blue berry spike top, leaf chlorosis in Growing season application;In bearing tree soil
When applying a small amount of in earth, symptom of chemical damage needs could recover through 1 year.And do not allow in the cultivation of organic blue berry to use yet
Chemical herbicide.
Clean tillage
The general depth of intertilling of sandy loam cultivation is advisable with 5～10 cm, and farming tool height is usually no more than 15 cm.Every year
From early spring to 8 monthly ploughed clearly, plough clearly every year and be advisable for 2～3 times, it is unfavorable to surviving the winter to plough clearly after autumn has set in.Orchard is adopted
Control the rich water competition between weeds and tree body with clean tillage.
Sod culture
Using weeding in inter-row green covering, row, there is holding soil moisture, improve the effect of fruit amount.Between plant short pulse family class
Green manure, ploughs under in soil after cutting for annual 3～4 times or is covered in row.
Cladding process
Cover bark, sawdust, weeds and Acidic organic matter material (thick more than 10cm), preserve soil moisture weeding.
The electrical conductivity of the plantation special nutritional substrate prepared significantly improves after 9d, is in fluctuation-type ascendant trend later,
All in 1350 μ s/cm after 45d, it is especially suitable for the needs to nutrition for the blue berry.And due to adding thick river sand, Margarita
Rock, improves soil aeration ability；Swine manure increased the organic matter of soil, increased humic acid additionally it is possible to increase soil
The breathability of earth and water holding capacity.From index, blue berry plants the nutrient content of special nutritional substrate, ph value all close to blue
Certain kind of berries growth requires.
As can be seen from the table, there were significant differences for the fruit quality of process 2 in 2013 and 2,014 two.2013, root-limiting cultivating
Fruit single fruit weight, transverse diameter, soluble solid (tss) are noticeably greater than and compare, and are 1.29 times, 1.12 times and 1.14 of comparison respectively
Times, titratable acid content (ta) significantly less than comparison, is that 73.82% vertical footpath of comparison, ph value, fruit shapes difference is not notable.
The single fruit weight of root-limiting cultivating Blueberry in 2014 is more than comparison, is 1.23 times of comparison, and in p ＜ 0.05 level, difference shows
Write.The fruit transverse diameter of root-limiting cultivating, vertical footpath increase, and difference is not notable, the fruit shape index no significant difference to Blueberry.Limit root
Cultivation significantly improves the content of Blueberry soluble solid, is 1.53 times of comparison.Root-limiting cultivating significantly reduces indigo plant
Certain kind of berries fruit organic acid content, is the 92.57% of comparison organic acid content.Root-limiting cultivating and comparison Blueberry ph difference is not notable.
Therefore, root-limiting cultivating improves blue berry single fruit weight, does not affect fruit transverse and longitudinal footpath and fruit shape index, improves fruit quality.
Table 2 gives its anthocyanidin content and fruit after fruit different development stage adopts different reflective film process blue berries
The change of interior quality.It can be seen that all there is certain impact to the interior quality of Blueberry and anthocyanidin content in each process.Wherein
With silver reflective membrane, before fruit annesl, (i.e. late April) laying to fruit quality effect preferably, contains in soluble solid, vc
The indexs such as amount, total acid content and sugar-acid ratio are superior to compare.Lay in the process of two kinds of reflective membranes in same time, silver color is anti-
The impact to fruit interior quality and anthocyanidin content for the light film is better than double-deck reflective membrane, wherein with two kinds of reflective membranes in fruit annesl
Before (and late April) laying effect optimal.
It is indicated above that reflective membrane has different impacts in different time laying to Blueberry interior quality, this is tested
Going out with silver reflective membrane (i.e. late April) laying before Blueberry annesl has good effect to improving fruit interior quality.
It should be appreciated that for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or be converted,
And all these modifications and variations all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.Above-described embodiment is only that this is described
The technology design of invention and feature, its object is to allow the personage being familiar with this art will appreciate that present disclosure and to add
To implement, can not be limited the scope of the invention with this, all equivalence changes made according to spirit of the invention or repair
Decorations, effect is similar, all should cover within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of cultural method improving blueberry anthocyanidin content and fruit interior quality it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) building well site preparation: building well, lay irrigation and drainage system, take the groove of planting of Suitable depth and width, then dig use in bottom land
Gravel and fluvial sand that in the covered conduit of draining, covered conduit, filling guarantee hydrops can be discharged in time；
(2) substrate configuration: before spring time of planting sprouts, after fall foliage, digging field planting groove depth when planting on ridge is
20-40 cm, width is laying isolated material in 30-50 cm, field planting groove, and isolated material is microporous nonwoven cloth, puts in field planting groove
3/4 mixed-matrix, described mixed-matrix according to mass percent is: vegetable garden soil 25% ~ 35wt%, active function bacterium 5% ~
10wt%, mineral powder 5% ~ 15wt% and fertilizer 25% ~ 30wt%, inorganic composite fertilizer 15% ~ 20wt% water is prepared from, each component
Sum be 100%, active function bacterium bag include lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilises, bacillus megaterium, Trichoderma spp., aspergillus niger, monascuses,
Trichoderma harzianum, microorganism Aspergillus aculeatus and yeast, mineral powder be turf, zeolite, Vermiculitum, montmorillonite, Calcium Carbonate, in expanded perlite
One or more mixture, fineness≤200 mesh of mineral powder, described fertilizer contains the muck becoming thoroughly decomposed, Semen Allii Tuberosi
Cake fertilizer, straw, the weight of described muck, rapeseed cake fertilizer and straw is than for 5.5～7.5: 2.5～3.5: 0.5～1.5；Described nothing
Machine compound fertilizer component 10 ~ 20wt% containing carbamide, calcium superphosphate 10 ~ 15wt%, potassium sulfate 25 ~ 30wt%, potassium nitrate 25 ~ 30wt%, phosphorus
Sour diammonium 10 ~ 15 wt%, humic acid 10 ~ 20wt %, that each group is divided and be 100%, cover again above 10cm about fine earth after
Plant nursery stock, it is to avoid seedling root and fertilizer directly contact, pour root water after planting, next day pours 1 time again；
(3) it is colonized: seeding row spacing 1.0m-1.5m × 1.5m-2m, main breed and pollinizers, proportioning is 4: 1, in the ranks configures；Select
More than height of seedling 50cm through cultivation in 2 years, the blue berry strong sprout of Main stem diameter more than 0.6cm, soaked using 800-1000 times of carbendazim
After 8～10min, it is transplanted in definite value cave, 10-20cm mellow soil is inserted during transplanting on base manure, waters in definite value, after definite value first
Carry out pouring root with root-growing agent, applying fertilizer after pouring root 1-2 days, fertilizer is based on fertilizer, supplemented by compound fertilizer；Tree disk covers 5cm
Thick broken grass, squirts rear covering with plastic film with water, with the tight fenestra of soil pressure at trunk；
(4) pruning: the 1st year after treelet field planting, the 2nd year main purpose be to promote root system development, expand tree crown, increase branch
Bar, to go based on bud, after 2-3 enters and grows up after field planting, prunes to be mainly and controls the height of tree, improve illumination condition, repair
Cut based on sparse branching, remove overstocked branch, thin and delicate branch sick branch, and the tiller producing on root system, growth potential is relatively opened a business tree sparse branching
When go weak branch to stay enriching shoot, upright kind is gone to center to do, is put in a skylight, and stays golden mean of the Confucian school branch, the optimal bearing age of bough result be 5～
6 years, will bounce back when exceeding renewal, and bearing tree bud amount is big, and the method frequently with clipping and carving bud removes a part of bud, typically every
Individual vigorous branches is cut and is stayed 2～3 buds, enters fruiting period within the 3rd year after field planting, prunes the balance being mainly growth regulation and result, change
The ventilation and penetrating light condition of kind tree body, improves the ability of yield, fruit quality and continuous high yield, extends the economic life of tree body, repair
Cut based on sparse branching, remove overstocked branch, thin and delicate branch, sick branch, and the tiller that root system produces, growth potential tree of relatively opening a business removes weak branch
Stay enriching shoot, upright the putting in a skylight of tree vigo(u)r, and stay golden mean of the Confucian school branch；
(5) rich water quality management: in non-period, apply the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer that n: p: k is 1-3: 0.5-2: 0.5-2；In period,
Apply the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer that n: p: k is 1-3: 1-3: 1-3；Water to carry out all by the way of drip irrigation, after entering the best fruiting period
Can winter compost, make compost, barnyard manure, biogas manure, green manure, crop material, sludge and cake fertilizer, every plant of 3～10 kg, amount should not mistake, apply
Spread fertilizer over the fields or open strip groove in tree crown orthographic projection edge periphery when fertile and apply, also can be mixed into soil layer in conjunction with shallow plowing weeding, liquid or can
Soluble fertilizers can in conjunction with fertigation, also can foliage-spray, foliage application whole year 2～3 times, in leaf stretching period to fruit expanding period
Based on nitrogenous fertilizer；Fruit maturation and flower bud differentiation period are based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer；Fertigation is after budding period, swollen fruiting period and fruit picking
Waiting time gradation is poured with water and is applied, and general concentration is 0.3%；Soil application in the budding period, bloom bear fruit after points of 2 times administrations, tree crown outer rim cave
Apply, depth is advisable with 5cm；Blue berry SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING fertilizer requirement is big, need to topdress in time, apply rush fertilizers for potted flowers, with decomposed manure before blooming
Based on, supplemented by NPK, spread manuer in holes by every plant of 1kg fertilizer, 200g compound fertilizer；Late May applies fruit-promoting fertilizer, organic to become thoroughly decomposed
Fertilizer based on, 3kg is applied in strain, tree both sides 30cm place ditch spread, the budding period, bloom before, swollen fruiting period, the dry spell and apply fertilizer after filled
Water, notices that the florescence not non-irrigated does not pour；
(6) fruit management: when blue berry 5% the flowers are in blossom put when, press 3000-4000m at the periphery spaciousness of orchard2The ratio of/1 hive bee is put
Put beehive, improve pollination rate and quality of bearing fruit using Apiss or bumblebee, anti-along tree row laying silver color in Blueberry annesl early stage
Light film, is layered on tree crown both sides, and the outward flange of reflective membrane is alignd with the outer rim of tree crown, is careful not to puncture during press mold, until adopting
Remove when applying fertilizer after receipts；
(7) harvest: blue berry is bloomed after order has and first have in inflorescence, and the period of maturation of fruit is inconsistent, harvest in batches, when fruit
Surface, by initial dark green, gradually becomes redness, then is transformed into bluish violet to ripe during atropurpureuss, the general best fruiting period 2～3
Once, just fruit and the harvesting in 4～6 days of last fruiting period is once for its harvesting.
2. implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step (4) determines according to tree body size and tree vigo(u)r stays branch
Amount, strain is produced 2kg and is stayed a 60-70, stays colored 150-200；Strain is produced 3kg and is stayed a 90-120, stays colored 350-400；4kg is produced in strain
Stay 150 about, branch, stay colored 150-200, maintain, the result bough of more than 6, every 5-6 retraction updates bough 1 time；Often
Year raw branch of culture 1-2 bar base updates the above old and feeble clump branch of life in 6 years, holding Herb result branch age all below life in 6 years, with prolongation
The best fruiting period time limit.
3. implantation methods according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described step root-growing agent be indolebutyric acid sodium water-soluble
Liquid, the mass concentration of described indolebutyric acid sodium water solution is 0.5%-0.9%.
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