CN104620928B - Saline-alkali soil fruit tree planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a saline-alkali soil fruit tree planting method. The saline-alkali soil fruit tree planting method includes steps of taking common annual branchless fruit saplings for on-ridge root-limiting secondary culturing on land with soil property approximate to that of an orchard to be built or with the salt and alkali content lower by 0-30% than that of the common land, and applying nutrient soil to control salt by mixing in a sapling growing zone; preparing fulvic acid and naphthylacetic acid soluble powder into slurry which is used for wrapping the saplings before planting; increasing nutrient using microbial nutrition fertilizer in a sapling stage and improving resistance; performing measures like salt leaching, pressing and accumulating to improve sapling salt-alkali resistance at any time by controlling water, greatly improving salt and alkali resistance of saplings by a series of salt and alkali training, lifting the saplings and planting in the orchard to be built, dipping the saplings in the fulvic acid and naphthylacetic slurry again and broadcasting super-fine calcium carbonate in sapling holes. Various measure effects are outstanding, the survival rate of the saplings is remarkably increased in the salt and alkali area, the orchard is even, and the high yield can be realized in the second to third year and the quality is high.

Description

A kind of cultural method of salt-soda soil fruit tree

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation of fruit tree method, is particularly suitable for the raising fruit tree under the conditions of beach saline land and survives Rate and orchard regularity, and the cultural method of fruit tree rapid high yield stable yields is realized, belong to field of fruit tree cultivation.

Background technology

Salt-soda soil is a species of salt aggregation, refers to that salinity contained inside soil has influence on the normal life of crop It is long.The area in whole world salt-soda soil is 9.5438 hundred million hectares, and wherein China is 99,130,000 hectares.Salt-soda soil plant fruit tree is at present also There are problems that it is a lot, cultivation success rate it is very low, salt-soda soil is very big to the growth effect of fruit tree, following several problems easily occurs. （1）Survival rate is low, and because fruit nursery stock is bred as under the sufficient soil environment of rich water mostly, maladjustment environment capacity is poor, directly Plant in salt-soda soil, as salt ion endangers, fruit tree is difficult to survive.（2）Poor growth, salt stress make Root Absorption liquid manure ability Difference, particularly trace element zinc, ferrum and a great number of elements such as phosphorus etc. are absorbed difficult by soil fixing, and ground shoot vegetative cannot Supply.（3）Physiological disease is serious, and iron deficiency, zinc phenomenon are serious, affects growth and result, causes death when serious, and fruit is also easy Generation physiological disease, affects storage property.（4）Yield poorly.As Growth status development is affected under the conditions of saline and alkaline, general yield It is low under more normal edaphic condition, even without economic flow rate.（5）Building well is successfully lacked, and failure is more.Due to poor growth after cultivation, into Motility rate is low, and later stage fruit tree is endangered by salt ion and occur successively dead, is caused orchard irregular, is yielded poorly, and finally abandons management.

It is generally believed that the less salt resistance power of fruit nursery stock of plant is poorer, seed is worst, and seedling takes second place, and seedlings take second place again, plants Fruit tree salt resistance power strengthens with the age of tree and strengthens afterwards.The commonsense method of the fruit tree of salt-soda soil plant at present is will to purchase nursery stock directly in salt The plant of alkali area, not through salt resistance alkalineresponse, after cultivation, survival rate is low for nursery stock, and fruit tree growth is irregular, and easily occurs lacking Ferrum chlorosis and little leaf.Therefore selection of seedling is varieties in saline-alkali areas plant fruit tree achievement whether key with method for planting.

The content of the invention

The problem to be solved in the present invention is not enough for more than, there is provided a kind of cultural method of salt-soda soil fruit tree, Jing bis- times After limit root nursery, nursery stock salinity and alkalinity resistance is significantly improved, and the survival rate after the seedling planting of secondary nursery is high, and bis- limit roots of Jing are educated Can get bumper crops within 3 to three year after the seedling planting of Seedling, continuous high and stable yield, fruit high-quality after 3 years.

For solving above technical problem, the present invention is employed the following technical solutions：A kind of cultural method of salt-soda soil fruit tree, its It is characterised by, the cultural method includes preparing nursery stock step：Fruit tree seedling is purchased from domestic nursery or seedling enterprise, usually Annual or biennial without branch nursery stock, seedling height should be pruned to seedling before planting first in more than 80cm, be arranged.Cut off Main root only retains 20-30cm, and root, excessively thick lateral root are hindered in removal.

Heading height is generally 40-80cm by tree-like requirement.Planning to build in the range of orchard or approximate soil, weather conditions ground Secondary nursery is concentrated nearby in area.The secondary nursery i.e. under the conditions of saline and alkaline.

A kind of prioritization scheme, the cultural method also include secondary nursery, and secondary nursery includes：

Nursery band making step：

Nursery ditching, wide 20-80cm, deep 10-40cm, bottom of trench overlay allotment in degradable nonwoven fabrics, ditch and insert nutrition Soil, pours the real then ridging of water precipitating, opens wide 10-20cm, deep 10-30cm ditches, seedling of transplanting.The high 5-30cm in ridge is required, it is trapezoidal, Its bottom width 20-80cm, top width 10-60cm.Row spacing refers to from ridge top width calculation.

Allotment nutrition saline-alkali soil in ditch, formula are as follows：Per mu of organic composting fertilizer 1000-1500kg, humic acid or yellow humic Sour 300-800kg, organic composting fertilizer per ton add bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum 1-3kg, mentioned component mechanically or manually mix, then with In the 40cm of top layer, original soil is mixed and is made into Nutrition Soil.Carry out limiting root nursery in back-filling trench.Organic composting fertilizer include crop material, in Excrements of animals such as medicinal residues, cattle and sheep chicken etc..

High ridge culture：Transplanted seedling tree on the ridge of nursery band is digged pit or ditch is preferably deep preferably big, bury and set preferably shallow, to the micro- dew of root system Ground, make tree well water for the first time can water in a large number, in order to irrigate.Planting density is according to per mu of plant 1500-3000 strain, Seedling Wood is planted on ridge, per 1 row as furrow, line-spacing 0.6-1.2m, and spacing in the rows 0.25-0.6m, or per 2 rows as furrow, two on ridge Every trade away from 0.4-0.6m, nearest line-spacing 0.6-1.6m rows between two ridges.

Further, the secondary nursery also includes moisture regulation management process：Spray field only limits nursery ditch, and keeps Moistening in ditch, keeps arid, does not water and do not apply fertilizer between ditch between nursery ditch, make seedling root system be limited in growth in ditch, so as to a large amount of Growth-promoting fibrous root.Water to pour for the first two times and irrigate greatly, be easy to the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, make nursery stock adapt to periphery saline-alkali environment.It is preferably little after third time Water is poured, and within the 30cm that drenches till soil, but if there is poor growth, between nursery stock iron-deficient vein, chlorosis or zinc deficiency are little Leaf disease, then answer flood pouring, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, drench salt, press salt by the moisture regulation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching at any time.

The secondary nursery also includes nursery stock management process：Seedling growth controls measure after adopting front rush.Nursery stock young sprout grows During to 30-50cm, selected and remain according to plan tree-like, select 3-6 high-quality young sprout to retain 20-40cm pinching, growth-promoting Secondary branches, seedling stage are applied With 3-5 microbial nutrition fertilizer, 5-15 kilogram of every mu of first use is opened ditch ditch spread or is spread fertilizer over the fields, pours water immediately, water after fertilising Fertilising is in nursery ditch；

Ground watering, fertilizing is gradually reduced after August part, depending on seedling growth situation and soil drought degree, so long as not special Arid, little water water Fertilizers once, stop ground watering, fertilizing after September part.Make nursery stock development substantial, healthy and strong, not excessive growth And form bud.October early and middle ten dayses play before seedling, spray 2-3% carbamide and add 1-3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate high concentration liquid fertilizers, promote nursery stock to fill Divide and absorb nutrition.

Salt-soda soil special microorganism nutrition fertilizer is prepared, raw material constituent is as follows（By weight）：

Fermentation soybean cake 20-40 parts, fulvic acid 10-20 parts, carbamide（Or ammonium nitrate）10-20 parts, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10-15 part, Potassium sulfate 5-10 parts, micro- fertile 1-10 parts, bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum 0.3-1.0 parts, 20% naphthalene acetic acid soluble powder 0.01-0.03 Part, machinery fully uniform mixing.Micro- fertilizer refers to the mixture of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid chelate of ferrum, zinc etc. and boric acid, molydbenum fertilizer etc..Molybdenum Fertilizer is amine molybdate, sodium molybdate etc..

Lifting and Field planting cultivation management：Late October to early December or March next year nursery lot pour permeable, lifting, Selection of land footpath reaches more than 2cm, and with 3-6 branch, branch is healthy and strong to be enriched, and bud matter is full, fibrous root closely knit seedling more.Plant pit bottom Portion press nutrition fertilization compositions based on earth, every plant 1-20 kilogram.Play after seedling and dip in mud（Containing 1-5% fulvic acids and 20% naphthalene acetic acid solubility Powder 10-50ppm mud）And be colonized immediately, it is ensured that the same day has planted.Before plant, 400-1500 mesh ultra micro carbon is spread fertilizer over the fields at plant pit bottom Sour calcium 0.1-1kg, seedling of then transplanting.Tree well is preferably deep preferably big, general width 80-120cm, long 80-120cm, depth 50-80cm, returns Banket only with good soil in earth's surface 40cm, microbial nutrition fertilizer 10-30kg is spread fertilizer over the fields per tree well and mixed thoroughly with soil, buried and set preferably shallow, to root system Micro- open country table, reduces root system and damages.Flood is poured after cultivation permeable, even fill the pressure salt of the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching twice.Disk is set after oozing under water within three days covers 1-2 Mulch film.Prune immediately, according to tree-like requirement, 2-5 branch of selecting and remain retains 10-40cm and prune per branch, and Secondary branches are less than 10cm cutting backs are wiped out, and remaining branch and rudiment are erased, or as interim branch culture, remove other young sprouts that trunk is sprouted in time, Have diauxic growth habit fruit tree young sprout sprout after pinching again, accelerate shaping, the pinching time after the long 30-50cm of young sprout, newly The tip stays 20-40cm, other routinely varieties in saline-alkali areas cultivation technique management, 3 to three year after cultivation can high yield.

Bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum refers to commodity microbial inoculum of effective bacterium number more than 20,000,000,000/g, can improve that fruit tree is disease-resistant, drought resistance, Improved soil structure, promotes organic matter decomposition, promotes shoot maturation.The Seedling agent under alkaline environment also can normally be bred and produce Acidic materials.

This programme is that the salinity and alkalinity resistance for improving fruit nursery stock takes major measure to include：Fruit tree concentrates secondary nursery, adopts Cultivated with taking exercise containing saline and alkaline high original soil salt resistance, with microbial nutrition fertilizer adjustment nutrition saline-alkali soil nursery ditch；Limit root nursery；High ridge Plant；Dip in manufactured mud plantation；Dell shallow embedding；Moisture adjusts salt；Control after front rush and enrich nursery stock；Super fine calcium carbonate is applied；Salt resistance The technologies such as plant.

Nursery band doses humus, fulvic acid, has stronger regulating power to P in soil H because fertilizer is particularly humic acidss, can Strengthen seedling root salinity and alkalinity resistance, humic acid can also form sodium humate with carbon in soil acid sodium effect, root system can be stimulated to give birth to It is long, improve salinity and alkalinity resistance.

The seedlings building well of bis- nursery of Jing plants administration Calcium Carbonate in front cave, because Calcium Carbonate it is water insoluble, it is only ultra tiny State can just play one's part to the full.Calcium can be with the Na for causing salt ion to poison⁺Displacement, also increases root system activity, improves which to gold The selective absorbing power of category ion.

High ridge cultivation can make salt ion with moisture evaporation, rise to earth's surface from capillary tube, leave salt ion after water evaporation, Assemble in earth's surface, so that nursery stock has adaptation process to salinity, soil is made by moisture regulation and cultivation step mainly then Salt ionic concentration is stepped up, and nursery stock is progressively adapted to.Just during plant nursery stock must continuous flood pour, " water comes with salt, water with Salt goes ", earth's surface salt ion can be leached and wash away, because just the nursery stock of plant is all to cultivate to form under conditions of rich water abundance , adapt to saline and alkaline ability.Little water polysalt, water cause salinity to rise along capillary tube with moisture at least, assemble in earth's surface.Salt segregation Collection can help improve fruit tree salinity and alkalinity resistance.As Fruit Tree Seeds salt resistance alkali power is worst, the sowing in varieties in saline-alkali areas is often emerged not It is neat or dead, thus first can only be bred as one in non-varieties in saline-alkali areas, it is biennial without branch Seedling, then in the secondary nursery in varieties in saline-alkali areas, and Salinity and alkalinity resistance is stepped up by cultivation step, then building well, fruit tree survival rate is significantly improved, and building well neat and consistent, hold Easily ahead of time up to product.

Fruit tree seedling is purchased from domestic nursery or seedling enterprise, it is usually annual or biennial without branch Seedling, seedling elder generation It is disconnected to remove main root and inspire lateral root.Because tree body top and the bottom are corresponding, fibrous root at most top golden mean of the Confucian school branch is more, form bud Fruit branch Many, the branch of excessive growth, prosperous long shoot are few；Fruitful branch is more, invalid branch is few, and it is many that fibrous root at most absorbs nutrient, Root Absorption ability under salt stress Reduce, it is therefore necessary to increase absorption root quantity.

Root-limiting cultivating purpose promotes ground branch robust growth to enrich, improves anti-also for continuing to inspire capillary lateral root Salt alkali ability.Fully, skeleton is solid, and suppresses the prosperous length of branch, promotes into flower for trunk and collateral development, is persistently to get bumper crops in the future surely Product establishes good skeleton basis.

Nursery stock is dipped in mud and adds naphthalene acetic acid significantly improve plant percent and early growth speed.Root section that fulvic acid is adjustable Border saline and alkaline, makes newly to plant nursery stock and easily survives.

Rainy season is completely cured, and 7-8 rainy seasons in month are completely cured, and under nursery furrow rim, cutout is disconnected exposes root system, can further inspire capillary Lateral root, suppresses thick root to be formed.

Go out control growth before garden, enrich aerial tissues, further spray 2-3% carbamide and add 1-3% potassium dihydrogen phosphates.

Plan select it is tree-like refer to that overground part shaping can be made into without for example happy shape of trunk shape, Y types, clump branch shape according to tree-like needs, There are trunk shape such as spindle, cylinder, evacuate layering shape etc., Secondary branches are formed by pinching.These are tree-like to be fruit tree cultivation It is conventional tree-like known to training person.

After limit root, the tree such as root/shoot ratio increase, Fructus Persicae Fructus Pruni is all into flower（Compare into and spend few）, root is in restricted clearance growth conditionss Under, some growth hormonal substance synthesis transports can be suppressed, promote into the synthesis of flower parahormone, so as to affect overground part to give birth to It is long, promote into flower, and root system can be significantly increased to saline and alkaline adaptive faculty.

The present invention adopts above technical scheme, compared with prior art, with advantages below：

1st, Jing after two times limit root nursery, nursery stock is taken exercise through salt resistance alkali adaptive faculty, and salinity and alkalinity resistance is significantly improved, and concentration is educated Seedling trophic level is high, convenient management, with reference to the supporting liquid manure soil management technique for lifting salt resistance alkali power, root system salt resistance Ion toxicity Ability strengthens.

2nd, can get bumper crops within 3 to three year Jing after the seedling planting of two limits root nursery, continuous high and stable yield after 3 years.Carefully Born of the same parents' mitogen is conducive to fruit tree flower_bud formation, and as the basic element of cell division mainly synthesizes in the young tender tip of a root, well developed root system after limit root, More basic elements of cell division can be formed, after which is transferred to aerial partss, is conducive to aerial partss nutrient growth to convert to reproductive growth, So as to be beneficial to flower_bud formation.And as seedling root is flourishing, taproot is few, thick root is few, and fibrous root is plentiful, function is sound.And tree body ground Growth is corresponding up and down, and the fibrous root at most golden mean of the Confucian school is releived, and branch is more, and fruitful branch is also more, then result is more and high quality fruit rate is high.

3rd, as fruit nursery stock basis is good, firmly, taproot is few for skeleton, then thick branch, skeleton branch are few, and well developed root system is then invalid Branch is few, and tree body respiration consumption is few, many so as to accumulate nutrient, beneficial to high and stable yield.

4th, soil is saved, First Year concentrates secondary nursery, fruit tree enters fruiting period quickly after cultivation, can save land resource.

5th, shaping is concentrated before nursery stock is planted, tree-like bad nursery stock can be eliminated, if one year seedling is directly colonized, early stage shaping is not Good tree is difficult to change, tree-like irregular to affect orchard regularity and yield.

6th, select through double optimization, nursery stock adapts to plan to build the saline and alkaline condition in orchard to a certain extent, and nutritional condition is sufficient, Tree-like neat and consistent after cultivation, building well regularity are high, beneficial to orchard harvesting high-quality high-yield stable yields.

7th, Jing after the seedling planting of two nursery, survival rate is high, and typically more than 98%, and transplanting seedling time is short, and growth is rapid, So as to substantially increase building well quality.This is because during the secondary nursery of fruit tree, create be conducive to salt-soda soil fruit tree growth soil, Fertilizer, water, nutrient environment, underground part well developed root system, fibrous root are more, and overground part robust growth saline-alkaline tolerance is strong.Varieties in saline-alkali areas plant fruit One of tree difficult point is that planting survival rate is low, and nursery stock is, in big hypertrophy water, to cultivate and form under fat city mostly, maladjustment environment energy Power is poor, even if surviving reluctantly, the poor growth under salt stress, and easily produce physiological disease, such as iron-deficient chlorosis and zinc deficiency Little leaf etc., yield is relatively low to enter particularly into the best fruiting period, and building well mortality is high.This programme solves this difficult problem very well.

The technical program is applied to each planting fruit-trees.Be best suitable for certain salinity and alkalinity resistance fruit tree for example Fructus Persicae, Fructus Mali pumilae, pears, Lee, The seeds such as Fructus Pruni, Fructus Jujubae, Punica granatum L., Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi, Fructus Vitis viniferae, Semen Juglandiss, Semen coryli heterophyllae, Semen Castaneae.

Varieties in saline-alkali areas described in the technical program refers to 12 monthly average salinity 2-6 ‰ of soil, and PH7.5-9.5 is regional, soil Earth salinity>6 ‰ areas need more measures for improving salinity and alkalinity resistance.

Extraordinary effect is achieved using the technical program, by taking peach tree as an example, Jing bis- limits root nursery, nursery stock are healthy and strong, With branch, and bud is completely formed, well developed root system, fibrous root are closely knit, ground grows coordination up and down, such as in soil salt content 3 ‰ After the plant of region test peach tree, growth is neat, and building well quality is high, survival rate 100%, and pest and disease damage is few.Second Year strain is produced up to 13 kilograms, Fruit high quality fruit rate is high, and conventional cultivation method Second Year is without economic flow rate.Although equivalent per plant of increase cost 5- of secondary nursery It is recoverable to increase cost after 20 yuan, but 1 year, and benefit is very notable, is worth promoting, and contrasts Normal culture technique advantage Clearly.

With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described.

Specific embodiment

Embodiment 1, a kind of cultural method of salt-soda soil fruit tree, by taking peach tree plant as an example, specially：

200 plants of annual ' Xia Dan ' peach seedling of self-fertile in 2007, stock are " peach qing zhou ", are opened in Weifang City of Shandong Province strand Send out area's Experimental Base to transplant by the present embodiment, carry out limiting the secondary concentration nursery of root.Nursery salinity 3.5 ‰, PH8.7.Seedling High 1m, thick more than the 0.6cm of base portion, cut off main root first and only retain 20cm, retain not injured lateral root.Put with 3% fulvic acid, K-84 The extraordinarily 20% naphthalene acetic acid soluble powder 30ppm of line microbial inoculum 50 is made into mud, and nursery stock root dipping is processed 1 hour.Prune by Y types, it is fixed dry Height 55cm.

Nursery band prepares.First ditching width 30cm, deep 20cm, bottom of trench paving non-woven fabrics, prepare duck excrement of becoming thoroughly decomposed by every mu of consumption 1100 kilograms, 300 kilograms of humic acid, plus bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum 2kg/t mixed thoroughly with original soil, is made into Nutrition Soil, is mixed in ditch.Pour The real then ridging of water precipitating.Nursery ridge top width 20cm, bottom 30cm or so, high 20cm open wide 10-20cm, deep 10-30cm on ridge Ditch, single file plant seedling on ridge.Line-spacing 0.9m.Spacing in the rows 0.5m.After planting trees, earthing is preferably shallow.

Strengthen seedling management, when nursery stock young sprout grows into 30-50cm, Tipping, growth-promoting Secondary branches.Spray field is only Limit nursery band scope, keeps arid, not farming not to water and do not apply fertilizer between nursery ditch, make seedling root system be limited in growth in ditch.Seedling Phase applies 3 microbial nutrition fertilizer, 12 kilograms or so every time, is sprayed water after fertilising immediately, and watering, fertilizing is in nursery ditch.

Rainy season early August is completely cured, and under nursery furrow rim, cutout is disconnected exposes root system, the fresh radicula of further growth-promoting.After September part Stop ground watering, fertilizing.

Second Year spring early March lifting.Nursery stock rugosity average out to 1.8cm, has side shoot, and branch is healthy and strong, and bud matter is full, Average per plant has 42, bud, and well developed root system is dense.

Play after seedling to be colonized immediately on the spot, select 128 plants of tree-like complete and healthy and strong seedling, by spacing in the rows 2m, line-spacing 6m field planting.It is fixed The each 60cm of length and width is dug before planting, and nutrition fertilization compositions based on earth is pressed in deep 70cm field planting hole, plant pit bottom, and every plant 1-20 kilogram is mixed thoroughly with soil, Backfill is only buried with good soil in earth's surface 40cm and sets preferably shallow, to the micro- open country table of root system, is reduced root system and is damaged.Also prepare before Field planting Mud, contains 3% fulvic acid and 20% naphthalene acetic acid 30ppm, is colonized after dipping in mud immediately in mud.400 mesh are spread first in field planting ditch before planting 0.5 kilogram of per plant of Calcium Carbonate.Flood is poured after cultivation permeable, even fill the pressure salt of the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching twice.Disk is set after oozing under water within three days covers 1-2 ground Film.Prune immediately, by the tree-like pruning of Y types, Routine Management, pinching after 30-40cm, remove the bud for being formed then.Survive after cultivation Rate 100%, seedling growth are healthy and strong neat, and disease occurs gently, without crown gall, the second annual strain product 13kg, the 3rd year 29kg, one-level fruit rate 86.3%.20 plants of conventional plant is compareed, and is survived 14 plants then, is filled the gaps with seedlings 6 plants immediately, and Second Year blooms 2 plants, Without economic flow rate, 4kg, one-level fruit rate 68%, obvious difference are produced in strain in the 3rd year.This programme cultural method peach tree strain in 4th year is produced 74kg, one-level fruit rate 91.3%, conventional nursery stock building well strain product 18kg, one-level fruit rate 72.1%, difference is still obvious.After control tree is planted Then, there is iron-deficient yellow leaf in 8 plants of rainy season in July, and wherein 3 plants growth potentials are weak, and blade Jiao side occurs, and yellow leaf is serious, and the 4th Only 3 kilograms of annual production, 80% is fruit outside waiting, low quality.Increment is only proper tree 1/2-1/3.Orchard regularity is poor.Fruit The secondary nursery peach tree of this programme then grows normally, and without obvious physiological disease, slight yellow leaf occur in only indivedual individual plants, and orchard is neat Spend.

Nutrition Soil includes：Per mu of organic duck excrement fertilizer 1000kg, fulvic acid 400kg, organic composting fertilizer per ton add hay Bacillus cereuss agent 2kg, mentioned component mechanically or manually mix, then mix with original soil in the 40cm of top layer.

Preparing microorganism nutrition fertilizer raw material constituent is as follows（By weight）：43 parts of soybean cake of fermentation, 20 parts of fulvic acid, urine 15 parts of element, 10 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 6 parts of potassium sulfate, 2 parts of EDTA-Fe, 1 part of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid zinc, 1 part of boric acid, molybdenum 1 part of acid amide, 0.5 part of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, 0.5 part of K-84 actinomycete agents, 20% naphthalene acetic acid soluble powder 0.02%, machinery fills Divide uniform mixing.

Embodiment 2, a kind of cultural method of salt-soda soil fruit tree, by taking apricot plant as an example, specially：

50 plants of annual ' the golden sun ' the Fructus Pruni Seedling of self-fertile in 2007, stock Prunus armeniaca L.var.ansu Maxim., in Weifang City of Shandong Province strand development zone reality Test base to transplant by the present embodiment, experimental field salinity 3.5 ‰, PH8.7, carry out limiting the secondary concentration nursery of root.Cut off first Main root only retains 20cm, retains not injured lateral root.2% fulvic acid of nursery stock adds 20% naphthalene acetic acid soluble powder 30ppm to be made into mud Slurry root dipping is processed 1 hour.Three scaffold limb shapings, heading height 60cm are stayed by happy shape.

First prepare nursery ditch, furrow width 25cm, deep 15cm, nursery bottom of trench paving non-woven fabrics prepare per mu of duck excrement 1400 of becoming thoroughly decomposed public Jin, plus 1 kg/t of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum 1kg/t and K-84 actinomycetes fully mixes thoroughly, is made into Nutrition Soil, is mixed in ditch and is limited Root nursery.Nursery ridge top width 20cm, bottom 30cm or so, high 20cm, single file plant nursery stock, line-spacing 0.9m on ridge.Spacing in the rows 0.6m。

Strengthen seedling management, when nursery stock young sprout grows into 30-50cm, Tipping, growth-promoting Secondary branches.Spray field is only Limit nursery ditch scope, keeps arid, not farming not to water and do not apply fertilizer between nursery ditch, make seedling root system be limited in growth in ditch.Seedling Phase applies 3 microbial nutrition fertilizer, 10 kilograms or so every time, is sprayed water after fertilising immediately, and watering, fertilizing is in nursery ditch.

Rainy season early August is completely cured, and under nursery furrow rim, cutout is disconnected exposes root system, the fresh radicula of further growth-promoting.After September part Stop ground watering, fertilizing.

Second Year spring early March lifting.Nursery stock rugosity average out to 1.9cm, has side shoot, and branch is healthy and strong, and bud matter is full, Average per plant has 95, bud, and well developed root system is dense.

Play after seedling and first dip in mud（20% naphthalene acetic acid soluble powder 30ppm is added to be made into mud with 2% fulvic acid）It is colonized immediately, 30 plants of tree-like complete and healthy and strong seedling is selected, by spacing in the rows 3m, line-spacing 4m field planting.The each 60cm of length and width, deep 70cm field planting is dug before field planting Hole, per cave using Nutrition Soil 10kg or so.0.8 kilogram per plant of 400 mesh Calcium Carbonate is spread in field planting ditch.Guarantee that the same day has planted, after cultivation Pour permeable, prune immediately, by the tree-like pruning of Y types, Routine Management, pinching after 30-40cm, remove the bud for being formed then.After cultivation Survival rate 100%, seedling growth are healthy and strong neat, and disease occurs gently, without crown gall, the second annual strain product 19kg, and the 3rd Year 45kg, one-level fruit rate 87.5%, 20 plants of conventional plant compare, and after cultivation, autumn investigation is dead 3 plants, survives 17 plants, wherein 5 plants The tip is taken out then less than 30cm, grows weak tendency.After cultivation, Second Year blooms 5 plants, and without economic flow rate, 4kg, one-level fruit rate are produced in strain in the 3rd year 72%, obvious difference.The product 77kg of strain in 4th year, one-level fruit rate 91.2%, conventional nursery stock building well strain product 24kg, one-level fruit rate 73.0%, Difference is still obvious.Compare within 3rd, 4 years, occur iron-deficient yellow leaf 7-8 months, incidence rate 30-70%, seedlings are colonized only one plant There is yellow leaf.

Nutrition Soil includes：Per mu of organic duck excrement fertilizer 1000kg, fulvic acid 400kg, organic composting fertilizer per ton add hay Bacillus cereuss agent 2kg, mentioned component mechanically or manually mix, then mix with original soil in the 40cm of top layer.

Preparing microorganism nutrition fertilizer raw material constituent is as follows（By weight）：40 parts of soybean cake of fermentation, 15 parts of fulvic acid, urine 15 parts of element, 14 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 2 parts of EDTA-Fe, 1 part of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid zinc, 1 part of boric acid, molybdenum 1 part of acid amide, 0.5 part of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, 0.5 part of K-84 actinomycete agents, 20% 0.02 part of naphthalene acetic acid soluble powder, machinery Fully uniform mixing.

Other method for planting fruit trees are similar.Such as the seeds such as Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi, Prunus mume Sieb. Et Zucc., Lee implantation methods are similar with Fructus Persicae, Fructus Pruni, and institute is not With Lee, Prunus mume Sieb. Et Zucc., Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi are tree-like more using the thin layer shape of coronule, plexi shape, slender spindle like and happy shape, happy shape, plexi Without trunk, coronule dredges layer shape, slender spindle like for there is trunk tree-like to shape.Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi tree vigo(u)r is strong, and orthostatic is strong, and summer pinching is once Or not pinching, noting drawing branch and adjustment branch angle, other are similar to.More than Fructus Mali pumilae, pears using coronule dredge layer shape, evacuate layering shape, Slender spindle like, free spindle, cylinder etc., have been trunk tree-like.Pear tree also has frame shape, hedge wall shape etc., usual Herba Marsileae Quadrifoliae Really, pears, Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi will enter high yield period after 3-4, and the key technology of the present invention is equally applicable, also has no difference, need to only do Limit time test, you can find optimal parameter, only into fruiting period evening 1-2.Those skilled in the art can be grasped by this Make.Because of the different management technique of seeds, general fruit tree technical staff will appreciate that.

Finally it should be noted that：The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, the present invention is not limited to, Although being described in detail to the present invention with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for a person skilled in the art, which still may be used To modify to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent is carried out to which part technical characteristic. All any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements within the spirit and principles in the present invention, made etc., should be included in the present invention's Within protection domain.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of cultural method of salt-soda soil fruit tree, it is characterised in that the cultural method includes preparing nursery stock step：

Select annual without the common fruit tree seedling of branch, prune main root, retain 20-30cm, root, excessively thick lateral root are hindered in removal, Tree-like fixed dry as needed after cultivation, seedling height retains 40-100cm；

The cultural method also includes secondary nursery, and secondary nursery includes：

Nursery band making step：

Planning to build near orchard, choosing and plan to build orchard soil property and be close to or the low 0-30% plot of saliferous alkali number；

Width 20-80cm, deep 10-40cm ditches is dug, bottom of trench overlays allotment in degradable nonwoven fabrics, ditch and inserts Nutrition Soil, pours water precipitating reality Then ridging, opens wide 10-20cm, deep 10-30cm nursery ditch, seedling of transplanting；

The high 5-30cm in ridge, trapezoidal, its bottom width 20-80cm, top width 10-60cm；

Nutrition Soil is formulated as：Per mu of organic composting fertilizer 1000-1500kg, organic composting fertilizer per ton add bacillus subtilises Agent 1-3kg, every mu of humic acid 300-800kg, are mixed with original soil in the 40cm of top layer after mix.

2. cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the secondary nursery also includes moisture regulation management step Suddenly：

Spray field only limits nursery ditch, keeps moistening in nursery ditch, keeps arid, do not water and do not apply between nursery ditch between nursery ditch Fertilizer；Water to pour for the first two times and irrigate greatly, preferably little water is poured after third time, within the 30cm that drenches till soil；

If there is poor growth, chlorosis or zinc deficiency little leaf between nursery stock iron-deficient vein, then flood pouring, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, pouring salt, Salt is pressed by the moisture regulation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching at any time.

3. cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the secondary nursery also includes nursery stock management process：

When nursery stock young sprout grows into 30-40cm, selected and remain according to plan tree-like, select 3-6 high-quality young sprout to retain 20-30cm pinching；

Seedling stage applies 3-5 salt-soda soil special microorganism nutrition fertilizer, and 5-15 kilogram of every mu of first use is opened ditch ditch spread or spread Apply, poured water after fertilising immediately, watering, fertilizing is in nursery ditch；Ground watering, fertilizing is gradually reduced after August part, except soil drought Seriously, August part waters Fertilizers once, stops ground watering, fertilizing after September part.

4. cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the cultural method also includes fruit tree field planting building well step Suddenly：

Late October to early December or March next year nursery lot pour permeable, lifting, and selection of land footpath reaches more than 2cm, with 3-6 point Branch, healthy and strong substantial, the bud matter of branch is full, fibrous root is more and closely knit seedling dips in mud and is planning to build orchard field planting immediately；

Nutrition fertilization compositions based on earth is pressed in plant pit bottom, and every plant 1-20 kilogram, the same day digs the tree same day and planted；

Flood is poured after cultivation permeable, even fill the pressure salt of the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching twice, and apply mulch film in tree disk；

According to tree-like needs, 2-5 branch of selecting and remain retains 10-40cm and prunes per branch, cutting back of the branch Secondary Branch less than 10cm Or wipe out, remaining branch and rudiment are erased.

5. cultural method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that salt-soda soil special microorganism nutrition fertilizer includes following weight The component of amount part：Fermentation soybean cake 20-40 parts, fulvic acid 10-20 parts, carbamide 10-20 parts, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10-15 part, potassium sulfate 5- 10 parts, micro- fertile 1-10 parts, bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum 0.3-1.0 parts, 20% naphthalene acetic acid soluble powder 0.01-0.03 parts；

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid chelate and boric acid, the mixture of molydbenum fertilizer of micro- fertilizer for the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid chelate and zinc of ferrum, Molydbenum fertilizer is amine molybdate, sodium molybdate.

6. cultural method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that 7-8 rainy seasons in month are completely cured, cutout under nursery furrow rim It is disconnected to expose root system.

7. cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that with 1-5% fulvic acids and 20% naphthalene acetic acid soluble powder Agent 10-50ppm makes mud, and seedling root is first dipped in when secondary plant and building well mud, then row field planting.

8. cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that per mu of plant 1500-3000 strain, Seedling during secondary plant Wood is planted on ridge, and per the plant of ridge single file, line-spacing 0.6-1.2m, per 2 rows as furrow, two rows in spacing in the rows 0.25-0.6m, or ridge Line-spacing 0.4-0.6m, between two ridges at a distance of nearest two every trade away from 0.6-1.6m.

9. cultural method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that October early and middle ten dayses spray 2-3% carbamide and add 1-3% phosphoric acid Potassium dihydrogen mixed solution；

When planning to build orchard field planting building well, before plant, 400-1500 mesh super fine calcium carbonate 0.1-1kg are spread fertilizer over the fields at plant pit bottom, then Plant seedling.