CN106258288A - A kind of cultural method of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses the cultural method of a kind of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, including step: 1) selection of land wholely: planting site select soil deep fertile, have the tailo of irrigation conditions, half tailo, or smooth plot, river valley；Nursery: select draining good, physical features is smooth on the sunny side, and loosing soil is fertile, rich in the plot of humus；2) nursery: seed treatment and seeding and seedling raising；3) transplant: selecting root footpath more than 0.3 centimetre, root length more than 20 centimetres, main root 5～7, without pest and disease damage, not damaged Nursery stock transplanting；4) field management: specifically by fertilising, pruning, built, middle weeding, watering and earthing up forms；5) disease and preventing and treating thereof.Links during schisandra cultivating is strictly controlled by the present invention, it is ensured that soil liquid manure is sufficient, to promote seedling growth, increases tree crown, reaches the purpose of result as early as possible.

Description

A kind of cultural method of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of Chinese herbal medicine cultivation, particularly relate to the cultural method of a kind of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis.

Background technology

Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, calls Fructus Zanthoxyli Plansipini, five Fructus Armeniacae Mumes etc..Being used as medicine with mature fruit, it is large famous and precious to be that Chinese medicine is commonly used Chinese crude drug, containing citral, α～Ylangene, vitamin C etc.；Seed contains schizandrin, schisandrin Deng.Warm in nature, sour in the mouth；Enter lung, kidney channel；There are convergence astringent or styptic treatment for spontaneous sweating, supplementing QI for promoting the production of body fluid, mind tranquilizing and the heart calming, arresting seminal emission antidiarrheal Effect；Cure mainly chronic cough dyspnea due to deficiency, sleep-walking spermatorrhea, frequent urination and enuresis, incessant chronic diarrhea, spontaneous sweating, Tianjin wound Yearningly, the disease such as palpitation and insomnia.

Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis is Magnoliaceae perennial fallen leaves bejuco, long up to 8 meters.Its sprig brown；Leaf Alternate, wide oval to obovate, tip point, base portion wedge shape, there are thin small tooth, petiole length 1.5～3.0 in edge Centimetre；Spike, sagging after opening；Berry is spherical, includes 1 seed.Its adaptability is relatively strong, likes light According to moistening, nice and cool climatic environment sufficient, fertile；Be suitable to be grown in loose ventilative neutrality or subacidity soil In earth, the wildest tailo in middle and lower part, hillside, half tailo and area, river valley.In recent years, five tastes Ziye Production-goods source is seriously damaged, and yield declines year by year, and export volume increases in addition, causes Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis market to supply Ying is becoming tight, and relevant expert predicts, in a very long time in the future, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis will be in that supply falls short of demand Situation.

Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis culturing and transplanting seedlings, carries out artificial culture under the conditions of Full daylight, and its Yield and quality and benefit are the best In Wild schisandra chinensis.After current tame Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis best fruiting period, the every per mu yield of annual is up to 300,000 Gram, but still the demand of Chinese Medicinal Materials Markets can not be met.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to: provide that a kind of fruiting rate is high, the cultural method of the Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis of medicinal quality better, Meet the demand of Chinese Medicinal Materials Markets.

To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that

The cultural method of a kind of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, comprises the following steps:

1) selection of land is wholely

1. planting site: select soil deep fertile, have the tailo of irrigation conditions, half tailo, or river valley is smooth Plot, executes 3200～3500 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures and base made by 500～1000 kilograms of straw fertilizer that become thoroughly decomposed for every mu Fertilizer, then plough deeply, flatten after water permeable；

2. nursery: select draining good, physical features is smooth on the sunny side, and loosing soil is fertile, rich in humus Plot, executes 3500～4000 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures and 20～30 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers make base manure for every mu, Turn over 20～25 centimetres, after spraying soil with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, rake is thin, flatten and make 1.2～ 1.5 meters of wide seedbeds.

2) nursery

1. seed treatment: select for 9 the end of month big fringe grain fruit many, of uniform size to put in clear water and soak 2～3 My god, rub with the hands and remove sarcocarp, throw away time grain, pull out and dry, then husky for the poison cleaning full seed and 3 times amount Mix thoroughly, select to dig at hidding and sunny side the dell of 60～70 centimetres, load cloth bag or fiber crops being mixed with the husky seed of poison In Dai, in embedment hole, carry out freezing processing；In March next year, dig out seed and be placed on accelerating germination at 20～22 DEG C, When 70～80% seed micro-have breach, when radicle just exposes seed coat, begin sowing in good time；

2. seeding and seedling raising: early April, through the seed of accelerating germination by the line-spacing drilling of 15～18 centimetres, covers after broadcasting 2～2.5 centimetres of soil, suppresses a little, and lid grass waters, and prevents arid, every mu of application rate 4.5～5 kilograms, Within 20～30 days, can emerge after broadcasting, at this moment to remove straw screen or mat in batches, set up simple shading shed, and suitably topdress, Water, loosen the soil.

3) transplant

1. selection of seedling: select root footpath more than 0.3 centimetre, root length more than 20 centimetres, main root 5～7, Without pest and disease damage, not damaged seedling is transplanting nursery stock；

2. transplant: in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, by the distance between rows and hills of 120 cm x 50 centimetres, scrape out deep 30～35 centimetres, the cave of diameter 30 centimetres, after being mixed thiophanate methyl in the ratio of 1:300 with field soil Be backfilled in cave, backfill soil reach cave deep 1/3 time, Seedling is implanted, and by root system spread apart, then training of banketing Seedling, in time returning soil 2/3 or seedling root is the most all earthed up, waters to ensure soil moisture, improves nursery stock and becomes Motility rate；After water avales completely, completely fill out in hole, and suppress gently, then become about 8～10 with earth culture Centimetre mound, in order to water conservation, promote Survival rate of nursery stock；Carrying out after 15 days looking into Seedling, the need not survived are mended Seedling.

4) field management

1. fertilising: after transplanting, early and middle ten days in June then, every mu imposes carbamide 15～20 kilograms；May next year In the first tenday period of a month, every mu imposes phosphorus potash fertilizer and each 20 kilograms of carbamide, in order to promote growth, expands tree crown, reaches product as early as possible； After 3rd year in addition to imposing chemical fertilizer, also at early and middle ten days in October autumn basal dressing, to ensure soil fertility；And to product Measure higher, the garden that tree vigo(u)r is more weak, carry out foliage application with 5 ‰ urea solutions；

2. prune: carry out, in mid or late September, process of pinching off young shoots, to promote shoot maturation degree；Within 2nd year, continue to protect Hold elongated shoot head growth, promote it and expand tree crown, note removing base base flagellum, to reduce nutrient consumption simultaneously； After 3rd year enters fruiting period, except continuing to keep expanding tree crown, increase outside result area, summer in winter knot to be carried out Close and prune, in order to expanding tree crown further, increase result area；

3. built: draw for after transplanting the 2nd year and tie up built, do column with concrete column or angle steel, with rod at column Top draws a horizontal line, the climing place of each master to found a rod, and bamboo stem is high 2.5～3 meters, diameter 1.5～5 centimetres, It is fixed on horizontal line with wiring, then draws climing added, the most naturally can be wound around added with tying up by force during beginning；

Middle weeding: to loosen the soil in time during fertility, weeding, holding loosing soil without weeds, when loosening the soil Avoid root system of damaging, carry out tree dish at base portion, it is simple to pour water；

5. water: the 1st year after cultivation, should repeatedly water, to ensure soil moisture content, thus ensure nursery stock Survival rate and the normal growth of treelet；Enter the tree of fruiting period, it is ensured that Hua Qianshui, Hua Houshui, fruit are swollen Flood, freeze-up water 4～water for 5 times, in combination with middle weeding, soil moisture conservation of should loosening the soil immediately after watering, prevent Soil compaction；

6. ridging: earth up at base portion, to protect Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis safe overwintering before entering the winter.

5) disease and preventing and treating thereof

1. root rot: the first tenday period of a month in May to early August falls ill, and period of disease can be with 50% carbendazim 500-1000 times Liquid irrigating root is prevented and treated；

2. leaf blight: late May to early July falls ill, and their early stage can be with 1000 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate Or 3% jingganmycin 50ppm liquid alternating spray, the spray visual state of an illness of medicine number of times determines.

Further, in seed treatment step, described malicious sand is by fine sand, dichlorvos and wettable powder Mix in the ratio of 80～100:1:1.

Compared with the method for existing artificial culture Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, it is an advantage of the current invention that:

1, the links during schisandra cultivating is strictly controlled by the present invention, it is ensured that soil liquid manure is sufficient, To promote seedling growth, increase tree crown, reach the purpose of result as early as possible.

2, the present invention is in pregermination procedure, imbeds freezing processing in hole after using the husky seed dressing of poison, and next year digs out kind Son is placed on accelerating germination at 20～22 DEG C, makes the surface of the seed adhere to one layer of toxicity protecting film, it is to avoid insect pest, antibacterial pair The infringement of seed, it is ensured that seed sprouting.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme is described further, in order to same domain skill The understanding of art personnel.

Embodiment 1

The cultural method of a kind of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, comprises the following steps:

1) selection of land is wholely

1. planting site: select soil deep fertile, have the tailo of irrigation conditions, half tailo, or river valley is smooth Plot, executes 3200～3500 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures and base made by 500～1000 kilograms of straw fertilizer that become thoroughly decomposed for every mu Fertilizer, then plough deeply, flatten after water permeable；

2. nursery: select draining good, physical features is smooth on the sunny side, and loosing soil is fertile, rich in humus Plot, executes 3500～4000 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures and 20～30 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers make base manure for every mu, Turn over 20～25 centimetres, after spraying soil with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, rake is thin, flatten and make 1.2～ 1.5 meters of wide seedbeds.

2) nursery

1. seed treatment: select for 9 the end of month big fringe grain fruit many, of uniform size to put in clear water and soak 2～3 My god, rub with the hands and remove sarcocarp, throw away time grain, pull out and dry, then husky for the poison cleaning full seed and 3 times amount Mix thoroughly, select to dig at hidding and sunny side the dell of 60～70 centimetres, load cloth bag or fiber crops being mixed with the husky seed of poison In Dai, in embedment hole, carry out freezing processing；In March next year, dig out seed and be placed on accelerating germination at 20～22 DEG C, When 70～80% seed micro-have breach, when radicle just exposes seed coat, begin sowing in good time；

2. seeding and seedling raising: early April, through the seed of accelerating germination by the line-spacing drilling of 15～18 centimetres, covers after broadcasting 2～2.5 centimetres of soil, suppresses a little, and lid grass waters, and prevents arid, every mu of application rate 4.5～5 kilograms, Within 20～30 days, can emerge after broadcasting, at this moment to remove straw screen or mat in batches, set up simple shading shed, and suitably topdress, Water, loosen the soil.

3) transplant

1. selection of seedling: select root footpath more than 0.3 centimetre, root length more than 20 centimetres, main root 5～7, Without pest and disease damage, not damaged seedling is transplanting nursery stock；

2. transplant: in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, by the distance between rows and hills of 120 cm x 50 centimetres, scrape out deep 30～35 centimetres, the cave of diameter 30 centimetres, after being mixed thiophanate methyl in the ratio of 1:300 with field soil Be backfilled in cave, backfill soil reach cave deep 1/3 time, Seedling is implanted, and by root system spread apart, then training of banketing Seedling, in time returning soil 2/3 or seedling root is the most all earthed up, waters to ensure soil moisture, improves nursery stock and becomes Motility rate；After water avales completely, completely fill out in hole, and suppress gently, then become about 8～10 with earth culture Centimetre mound, in order to water conservation, promote Survival rate of nursery stock；Carrying out after 15 days looking into Seedling, the need not survived are mended Seedling.

4) field management

1. fertilising: after transplanting, early and middle ten days in June then, every mu imposes carbamide 15～20 kilograms；May next year In the first tenday period of a month, every mu imposes phosphorus potash fertilizer and each 20 kilograms of carbamide, in order to promote growth, expands tree crown, reaches product as early as possible； After 3rd year in addition to imposing chemical fertilizer, also at early and middle ten days in October autumn basal dressing, to ensure soil fertility；And to product Measure higher, the garden that tree vigo(u)r is more weak, carry out foliage application with 5 ‰ urea solutions；

2. prune: carry out, in mid or late September, process of pinching off young shoots, to promote shoot maturation degree；Within 2nd year, continue to protect Hold elongated shoot head growth, promote it and expand tree crown, note removing base base flagellum, to reduce nutrient consumption simultaneously； After 3rd year enters fruiting period, except continuing to keep expanding tree crown, increase outside result area, summer in winter knot to be carried out Close and prune, in order to expanding tree crown further, increase result area；

3. built: draw for after transplanting the 2nd year and tie up built, do column with concrete column or angle steel, with rod at column Top draws a horizontal line, the climing place of each master to found a rod, and bamboo stem is high 2.5～3 meters, diameter 1.5～5 centimetres, It is fixed on horizontal line with wiring, then draws climing added, the most naturally can be wound around added with tying up by force during beginning；

Middle weeding: to loosen the soil in time during fertility, weeding, holding loosing soil without weeds, when loosening the soil Avoid root system of damaging, carry out tree dish at base portion, it is simple to pour water；

5. water: the 1st year after cultivation, should repeatedly water, to ensure soil moisture content, thus ensure nursery stock Survival rate and the normal growth of treelet；Enter the tree of fruiting period, it is ensured that Hua Qianshui, Hua Houshui, fruit are swollen Flood, freeze-up water 4～water for 5 times, in combination with middle weeding, soil moisture conservation of should loosening the soil immediately after watering, prevent Soil compaction；

6. ridging: earth up at base portion, to protect Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis safe overwintering before entering the winter.

5) disease and preventing and treating thereof

1. root rot: the first tenday period of a month in May to early August falls ill, and period of disease can be with 50% carbendazim 500-1000 times Liquid irrigating root is prevented and treated；

2. leaf blight: late May to early July falls ill, and their early stage can be with 1000 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate Or 3% jingganmycin 50ppm liquid alternating spray, the spray visual state of an illness of medicine number of times determines.

Wherein, in seed treatment step, described malicious sand be by fine sand, dichlorvos and wettable powder by The ratio of 80～100:1:1 mixes.

The Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis using the inventive method cultivation got final product large result, on late August to October in the 3rd year Ten days, fruit gathered when being aubergine.This is compared with current tame Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, and fruiting period has done sth. in advance 1 year, Have the most progressive.

Claims (2)

1. the cultural method of a Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps:

1) selection of land is wholely

1. planting site: select soil deep fertile, have the tailo of irrigation conditions, half tailo, or river valley is smooth Plot, executes 3200～3500 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures and base made by 500～1000 kilograms of straw fertilizer that become thoroughly decomposed for every mu Fertilizer, then plough deeply, flatten after water permeable；

2. nursery: select draining good, physical features is smooth on the sunny side, and loosing soil is fertile, rich in humus Plot, executes 3500～4000 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures and 20～30 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers make base manure for every mu, Turn over 20～25 centimetres, after spraying soil with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, rake is thin, flatten and make 1.2～ 1.5 meters of wide seedbeds；

2) nursery

1. seed treatment: select for 9 the end of month big fringe grain fruit many, of uniform size to put in clear water and soak 2～3 My god, rub with the hands and remove sarcocarp, throw away time grain, pull out and dry, then husky for the poison cleaning full seed and 3 times amount Mix thoroughly, select to dig at hidding and sunny side the dell of 60～70 centimetres, load cloth bag or fiber crops being mixed with the husky seed of poison In Dai, in embedment hole, carry out freezing processing；In March next year, dig out seed and be placed on accelerating germination at 20～22 DEG C, When 70～80% seed micro-have breach, when radicle just exposes seed coat, begin sowing in good time；

2. seeding and seedling raising: early April, through the seed of accelerating germination by the line-spacing drilling of 15～18 centimetres, broadcasts rear earthing 2～2.5 centimetres, suppressing a little, lid grass waters, and prevents arid, and every mu of application rate 4.5～5 kilograms, after broadcasting Within 20～30 days, can emerge, at this moment to remove straw screen or mat in batches, set up simple shading shed, and suitably topdress, water Fill, loosen the soil；

3) transplant

1. selection of seedling: select root footpath more than 0.3 centimetre, root length more than 20 centimetres, main root 5～7, Without pest and disease damage, not damaged seedling is transplanting nursery stock；

2. transplant: in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, by the distance between rows and hills of 120 cm x 50 centimetres, scrape out deep 30～35 centimetres, the cave of diameter 30 centimetres, after being mixed thiophanate methyl in the ratio of 1:300 with field soil Be backfilled in cave, backfill soil reach cave deep 1/3 time, Seedling is implanted, and by root system spread apart, then training of banketing Seedling, in time returning soil 2/3 or seedling root is the most all earthed up, waters to ensure soil moisture, improves nursery stock and becomes Motility rate；After water avales completely, completely fill out in hole, and suppress gently, then become about 8～10 with earth culture Centimetre mound, in order to water conservation, promote Survival rate of nursery stock；Carrying out after 15 days looking into Seedling, the need not survived are mended Seedling.

4) field management

1. fertilising: after transplanting, early and middle ten days in June then, every mu imposes carbamide 15～20 kilograms；May next year In the first tenday period of a month, every mu imposes phosphorus potash fertilizer and each 20 kilograms of carbamide, in order to promote growth, expands tree crown, reaches product as early as possible； After 3rd year in addition to imposing chemical fertilizer, also at early and middle ten days in October autumn basal dressing, to ensure soil fertility；And to product Measure higher, the garden that tree vigo(u)r is more weak, carry out foliage application with 5 ‰ urea solutions；

2. prune: carry out, in mid or late September, process of pinching off young shoots, to promote shoot maturation degree；Within 2nd year, continue to protect Hold elongated shoot head growth, promote it and expand tree crown, note removing base base flagellum, to reduce nutrient consumption simultaneously； After 3rd year enters fruiting period, except continuing to keep expanding tree crown, increase outside result area, summer in winter knot to be carried out Close and prune, in order to expanding tree crown further, increase result area；

3. built: draw for after transplanting the 2nd year and tie up built, do column with concrete column or angle steel, with rod at column Top draws a horizontal line, the climing place of each master to found a rod, and bamboo stem is high 2.5～3 meters, diameter 1.5～5 centimetres, It is fixed on horizontal line with wiring, then draws climing added, the most naturally can be wound around added with tying up by force during beginning；

Middle weeding: to loosen the soil in time during fertility, weeding, holding loosing soil without weeds, when loosening the soil Avoid root system of damaging, carry out tree dish at base portion, it is simple to pour water；

5. water: the 1st year after cultivation, should repeatedly water, to ensure soil moisture content, thus ensure nursery stock Survival rate and the normal growth of treelet；Enter the tree of fruiting period, it is ensured that Hua Qianshui, Hua Houshui, fruit are swollen Flood, freeze-up water 4～water for 5 times, in combination with middle weeding, soil moisture conservation of should loosening the soil immediately after watering, prevent Soil compaction；

6. ridging: earth up at base portion, to protect Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis safe overwintering before entering the winter；

5) disease and preventing and treating thereof

1. root rot: the first tenday period of a month in May to early August falls ill, and period of disease can be with 50% carbendazim 500-1000 times Liquid irrigating root is prevented and treated；

2. leaf blight: late May to early July falls ill, and their early stage can be with 1000 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate Or 3% jingganmycin 50ppm liquid alternating spray, the spray visual state of an illness of medicine number of times determines.

The cultural method of a kind of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in seed treatment In step, described malicious sand is to be mixed in the ratio of 80～100:1:1 with wettable powder by fine sand, dichlorvos Conjunction forms.