CN107926465A

CN107926465A - A kind of method of artificial cultivation Schisandra chinensis

Info

Publication number: CN107926465A
Application number: CN201711396669.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡伟; 赵静
Original assignee: Suzhou Hill Geisen New Material Co Ltd
Current assignee: Suzhou Hill Geisen New Material Co Ltd
Priority date: 2017-12-21
Filing date: 2017-12-21
Publication date: 2018-04-20

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of method of artificial cultivation Schisandra chinensis, including selection of land site preparation, seed treatment, seeding and seedling raising, field management, comprises the following steps that：Moist environment, loose fertile loam or humus soil are selected, there is the hayashishita of irrigation conditions, river valley, streams two sides, 20 degree or so hillside, shade rate 40%~70%；Large area production use seminal propagation, and late Febuary moves into seed indoor, mixes damp sand and loads wooden case and enters the processing of sand Tibetan, its temperature is maintained between 5~15 DEG C, 5~June of next year can breach sow, germination percentage is up to 60%；Sow treated seed in the first tenday period of a month in May to mid-June, drilling or broadcast sowing；10 centimetres of drill spacing, 1.5~3 centimetres of earthing；Every square metre of 30 grams or so of application rate；Field management includes irrigation fertilization, built, beta pruning, weeds with a hoe, earths up etc..The suitable Schisandra chinensis growth and development of the present invention, improves its yield and quality, expands its popularizing application prospect.

Description

A kind of method of artificial cultivation Schisandra chinensis

Technical field

The invention belongs to planting cultivation field, more particularly to a kind of method of artificial cultivation Schisandra chinensis.

Background technology

Schisandra chinensis is Magnoliaceae Schizandra liana, long up to 8 meters.Its sprig brown, leaf alternate are wide oval to Avette, apex point, base portion is wedge-shaped, and there is thin small tooth at edge, and petiole is 1.5-3.0 centimetres long, spike, opens rear sagging；Berry It is spherical, include 1 seed.Schisandra chinensis has point in north and south, and fructus schisandrae originates in the eastern region of three provinces in the northeast of China, especially with the distant five tastes Son is of fine quality and is world-famous for.Schisandra fruit is that Chinese medicine commonly uses large rare traditional Chinese medicine, and fruit may also be fabricated which Schisandra chinensis syrup, five A series of high-class healthies to human body with tonic effect such as taste wine, Schisandra chinensis tea-drinking, Schisandra chinensis preserved fruit, Schisandra chinensis flavouring Product.

Schisandra chinensis is sweet in flavor, sour, warm-natured.Energy nourishing generate fluid, kidney tonifying nourishing heart, restrains astringent method.Hinder for deficiency of vital energy Tianjin, body is tired more Sweat, palpitaition of losing heart；Breathing with cough caused by insufficiency of lung-QI,deficiency of lung-QI or deficiency of both the lung and kidney, or breath with cough with the passing of time, lung qi consumption wound；Insufficiency of heart yin, palpitaition are seized with terror It is sad, insomnia forgetfulness；The unconsolidation of the kidney-qi, seminal emission, frequent micturition, or speen-kidney dificiency, endless diarrhea.It is modern again slow for non-icteric type and delay Property hepatitis.With liver protection and regeneration liver organization, protection and enhancing heart body, yin-nourishing controlling nocturnal emission with astringent drugs, the intelligent sound, reinforcement of enhancement Can endurance, resist anti-free radical encroach on, delay the aging process, nourish and strengthen kidney function, it is potent adapt to agent, enhancement eyesight listen The multiple functions such as feel, strong lung.

Schisandra chinensis happiness covers and wet environment, humus soil or loose fertile loam can cultivate.It is cold-resistant, avoid low-lying Ground, seedling are afraid of strong light.The hygrophilous profit of Schisandra chinensis and the environment in cool place, but intolerant to low-lying ponding.Without main root, only a small number of fibrous roots, because This, it is not drought-resistant.Manurial-philous fertile subacidity soil.It is cold-resistant, need to moderately it cover, Early seedling stage avoids burning sun irradiation, but grows 5~6 After true leaf, then more sufficient sunlight is required.

Therefore, in order to which extensive artificial growth cultivates Schisandra chinensis, it is necessary to research and develop a kind of suitable Schisandra chinensis growth and development, improve The cultural method of its yield and quality.

The content of the invention

Goal of the invention：The defects of purpose of the present invention is aiming at the prior art, develops a kind of artificial cultivation Schisandra chinensis Method.

Technical solution：The purpose of the present invention is realized by following technical proposals：

A kind of method of artificial cultivation Schisandra chinensis, including selection of land site preparation, seed treatment, seeding and seedling raising, field management, specifically Step is as follows：

(1) selection of land site preparation

Moist environment, loose fertile loam or humus soil are selected, there is the hayashishita of irrigation conditions, river valley, streams Two sides, 20 degree or so hillside, shade rate 40%~70%, the place of ventilative printing opacity, physical features are chosen, and site preparation, plough, plough spy Furrow, the plot more than low-lying easily flooded rainwater can make high ridge, and 16 centimetres or so of the height of bed, high and dry arid, the less place of rainwater is made Flat furrow, no matter which kind of bed will have more than 16 centimetres of loose soil layer, furrow are 100~160 centimetres wide, it is long regard seed and physical features and It is fixed；Every square metre is applied 4~12 kilograms of decomposed dung, and bed soil stirs evenly, and hugs the standby sowing of flat furrow face.

(2) seed treatment

Large area is produced frequently with seminal propagation；Autumn sowing or low temperature sand storage to next sow in spring is needed to plant in production, when seed harvests Fringe choosing is carried out, selects fruit big, it is uniform to plant, dry or dry in the shade, pulp rising time control is dipped to clear water before freezing Pulp, removes the blighted grain kept afloat, then is soaked 5~7 days with clear water, makes fully to absorb water, water is every other day changed once, when changing water A part batch grain can also be removed；Pull control after immersion out to mix in the damp sand with 2~3 times and seed, be put into outdoor ready depth In 50 centimetres or so of hole, 10~15 centimetres of fine earth is covered above, then covers faggot or woven straw, progress low-temperature treatment, 2 months Seed is moved into interior by the last ten-days period, is mixed damp sand loading wooden case and is handled into sand Tibetan, its temperature is maintained between 5~15 DEG C, next year 5 ~June can breach sowing, germination percentage is up to 60%.

(3) seeding and seedling raising

Seedtime and method：Generally sow treated seed in the first tenday period of a month in May to mid-June, drilling or broadcast sowing；Bar Broadcast 10 centimetres of line-spacing, 1.5~3 centimetres of earthing；Every square metre of 30 grams or so of application rate；Also can be sowed in early August to early September Fresh seed then, that is, select then maturity it is consistent, the big and full fruit of grain, stranding remove pulp, rinsed with clear water, after draining It can sow.

(4) field management

A. irrigation fertilization

Schisandra chinensis happiness water it is manurial-philous, seedling growth is very slow, thus often to water, weeding, fertilising.Pregnant flower bud yield positive results the phase except Supply outside enough moisture, it is necessary to which a large amount of fertilizer, chase after twice, before first time lamina, before reflorescencing, every plant imposes corruption for general 1 year Ripe 5~10 kilograms of farm manure, around opens the annular groove of 15~20 centimetres of depths, does not hinder root, covered after applying by 30~50 centimetres away from root Soil；Second of top dressing, suitably increases phosphorus potash fertilizer, promotes fruit ripe.

B. built

After transplanting second year, built, material with water mud column or angle steel do column, with wooden pole or bamboo pole or No. 8 iron wires vertical A horizontal line is drawn on column top, and a bamboo pole or wooden pole are found at each main stem, and 250~300 centimetres high, 1.5~2 centimetres of diameter is solid with rope It is scheduled on horizontal line, draws Schisandra chinensis vines restocking by clockwise direction, tied up with rope, later all natural restocking.

C. beta pruning

Often selecting good strains in the field for seed, it is outer to stay 3~4 sturdy branches to cultivate, remaining most of base life branch is cut, a fraction of the year spring and autumn three quarters Beta pruning.

Spring pruning：Short fruitful branch and deadwood are cut, long fruitful branch stays 8~12 buds, and remaining is clipped, and cuts rear branch density appropriateness, It does not interfere with each other, is carried out before sprouting.

Summer cuts：The first tenday period of a month in May to August early and middle ten days carry out, and cut Ji Shengzhi, thorax branch, overlapping branch and sick branch.To overstocked new Raw branch also will be pruned off or truncated.

Fall pruning：Carried out after fallen leaves, cut Ji Shengzhi.Beta pruning will pay attention to staying 2~3 nutrition branches to make major branch, and draws climing three times Restocking.

D. weed with a hoe

Schisandra chinensis will weed with a hoe in time during giving birth to, and keep loosing soil, without weeds, do not hinder root, while do in base portion Disk is set well, easy to pour water.

E. earth up：Earth up before entering the winter in five tastes base, Schisandra chinensis safe overwintering can be protected.

The advantages of the present invention：The present invention by specification soil environment, seed selection, sowing, field management skill Art parameter, makes whole flow process method be adapted to Schisandra chinensis growth and development, significantly improves its yield and quality, and yield increases than conventional method Add 10~15%, provided the foundation for Schisandra chinensis large-scale plantation, effectively expand its popularizing application prospect.

Embodiment

In order to make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to specific embodiment to the present invention It is described in detail.

Embodiment one：

(1) selection of land site preparation

The present embodiment selection is that have the hayashishita of irrigation conditions, river valley, streams two sides, 20 degree or so hillside, shade rate 60%, ventilative printing opacity；Site preparation, plough, cultivated spy's furrow, and high ridge is made in the plot more than low-lying easily flooded rainwater, and 16 centimetres of the height of bed is high and dry Flat furrow are made in arid, the less place of rainwater, no matter which kind of bed will have more than 16 centimetres of loose soil layer, furrow are 150 centimetres wide, It is about 10 meters；Every square metre is applied 8 kilograms of decomposed dung, and bed soil stirs evenly, and hugs the standby sowing of flat furrow face.

(2) seed treatment

Large area production uses seminal propagation；Needed in production autumn sowing or low temperature sand storage to it is next sow in spring kind, seed harvest when into Row fringe selects, and selects fruit big, uniform to plant, and dries or dries in the shade, being dipped to pulp rising time control with clear water before freezing goes fruit Meat, removes the blighted grain kept afloat, then is soaked 5 days with clear water, makes fully to absorb water, every other day changes water once, may be used also when changing water Remove a part batch grain；Pull control after immersion out to mix in the damp sand with 2~3 times and seed, be put into outdoor ready 50 lis of depth In the hole of rice or so, 10~15 centimetres of fine earth is covered above, then covers faggot or woven straw, carries out low-temperature treatment, late Febuary Seed is moved into indoor, mixes damp sand and load wooden case and enter the processing of sand Tibetan, its temperature is maintained between 10 DEG C, June in next year breach Sowing, germination percentage is up to 60%.

(3) seeding and seedling raising

Seedtime and method：Sow treated seed in the first tenday period of a month in May to mid-June, drilling or broadcast sowing；Drilling row Away from 10 centimetres, 1.5 centimetres of earthing；Every square metre of 30 grams or so of application rate；Also can be sowed in early August to early September fresh then Seed, that is, select then maturity it is consistent, the big and full fruit of grain, stranding remove pulp, rinsed with clear water, can be broadcast after draining Kind.

(4) field management

A. irrigation fertilization

Schisandra chinensis happiness water it is manurial-philous, seedling growth is very slow, thus often to water, weeding, fertilising.Pregnant flower bud yield positive results the phase except Supply outside enough moisture, it is necessary to which a large amount of fertilizer, chase after twice, before first time lamina, before reflorescencing, every plant imposes decomposed agriculture for 1 year 10 kilograms of family's fertilizer, around opens the annular groove of 20 centimetres of depths, does not hinder root, apply rear earthing by 40 centimetres away from root；Second of top dressing, is fitted When increase phosphorus potash fertilizer, promote fruit ripe.

B. built

After transplanting second year, built, material with water mud column or angle steel do column, with wooden pole or bamboo pole or No. 8 iron wires vertical A horizontal line is drawn on column top, a bamboo pole or wooden pole is found at each main stem, 300 centimetres high, 1.5 centimetres of diameter, horizontal line is fixed on rope On, draw Schisandra chinensis vines restocking by clockwise direction, tied up with rope, later all natural restocking.

C. beta pruning

Often selecting good strains in the field for seed, it is outer to stay 4 sturdy branches to cultivate, remaining most of base life branch is cut, and a fraction of the year spring and autumn three quarters are cut Branch；

Spring pruning：Short fruitful branch and deadwood are cut, long fruitful branch stays 10 buds, and remaining is clipped, and cuts rear branch density appropriateness, mutually Do not disturb, carried out before sprouting；

Summer cuts：The first tenday period of a month in May to August early and middle ten days carry out, and cut Ji Shengzhi, thorax branch, overlapping branch and sick branch.To overstocked new Raw branch also will be pruned off or truncated；

Fall pruning：Carried out after fallen leaves, cut Ji Shengzhi.Beta pruning will pay attention to staying 3 nutrition branches to make major branch three times, and in draws climing Frame.

D. weed with a hoe

Schisandra chinensis will weed with a hoe in time during giving birth to, and keep loosing soil, without weeds, do not hinder root, while do in base portion Disk is set well, easy to pour water；

E. earth up：Earth up before entering the winter in five tastes base, protect Schisandra chinensis safe overwintering.

Embodiment two：

(1) selection of land site preparation

The present embodiment selection is a piece of humus soil in mountain valley, 20 degree or so hillside, and shade rate 50% is ventilative Light；After physical features is chosen, site preparation, plough, cultivated spy's furrow, and the plot more than low-lying easily flooded rainwater can make high ridge, and 18 centimetres of the height of bed is high Flat furrow are made in dry arid, the less place of rainwater, no matter which kind of bed will have more than 16 centimetres of loose soil layer, furrow are 150 lis wide Rice, is about 20 meters；Every square metre is applied 10 kilograms of decomposed dung, and bed soil stirs evenly, and hugs the standby sowing of flat furrow face.

(2) seed treatment

Large area is produced frequently with seminal propagation；Autumn sowing or low temperature sand storage to next sow in spring is needed to plant in production, when seed harvests Fringe choosing is carried out, selects fruit big, it is uniform to plant, dry or dry in the shade, pulp rising time control is dipped to clear water before freezing Pulp, removes the blighted grain kept afloat, then is soaked 6 days with clear water, makes fully to absorb water, every other day changes water once, is gone back when changing water A part batch grain can be removed；Pull control after immersion out to mix in the damp sand with 3 times and seed, be put into outdoor ready 50 centimetres of depth In the hole of left and right, 12 centimetres of fine earth is covered above, then covers faggot or woven straw, carries out low-temperature treatment, and late Febuary is by seed Interior is moved into, damp sand loading wooden case is mixed and is handled into sand Tibetan, its temperature is maintained between 10 DEG C, and 5~June of next year, breach was broadcast Kind, germination percentage is up to 60%.

(3) seeding and seedling raising

Seedtime and method：Sow treated seed in the first tenday period of a month in May to mid-June, drilling or broadcast sowing；Drilling row Away from 10 centimetres, 2 centimetres of earthing；Every square metre of 30 grams or so of application rate；Also fresh seed then can be sowed in early August to early September, Select then maturity it is consistent, the big and full fruit of grain, stranding remove pulp, rinsed with clear water, can be sowed after draining.

(4) field management

A. irrigation fertilization

Schisandra chinensis happiness water it is manurial-philous, seedling growth is very slow, thus often to water, weeding, fertilising；Pregnant flower bud yield positive results the phase except Supply outside enough moisture, it is necessary to which a large amount of fertilizer, chase after twice, before first time lamina, before reflorescencing, every plant imposes decomposed agriculture for 1 year 8 kilograms of family's fertilizer, around opens the annular groove of 18 centimetres of depths, does not hinder root, apply rear earthing by 30 centimetres away from root；Second of top dressing, suitably Increase phosphorus potash fertilizer, promote fruit ripe.

B. built

After transplanting second year, built, material with water mud column or angle steel do column, with wooden pole or bamboo pole or No. 8 iron wires vertical A horizontal line is drawn on column top, and a bamboo pole or wooden pole are found at each main stem, and 280 centimetres high, 2 centimetres of diameter, is fixed on horizontal line with rope, Draw Schisandra chinensis vines restocking by clockwise direction, tied up with rope, later all natural restocking.

C. beta pruning

Often selecting good strains in the field for seed, it is outer to stay 3 sturdy branches to cultivate, remaining most of base life branch is cut, and a fraction of the year spring and autumn three quarters are cut Branch；

Spring pruning：Short fruitful branch and deadwood are cut, long fruitful branch stays 8 buds, and remaining is clipped, and cuts rear branch density appropriateness, mutually not Interference, carries out before sprouting；

Fall pruning：Carried out after fallen leaves, cut Ji Shengzhi.Beta pruning will pay attention to staying 2 nutrition branches to make major branch three times, and in draws climing Frame.

D. weed with a hoe

The foregoing is merely the more typical embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to limit the invention, all spirit in the present invention With all any modification, equivalent and improvement made within principle etc., it is all contained within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

A kind of 1. method of artificial cultivation Schisandra chinensis, it is characterised in that including selection of land site preparation, seed treatment, seeding and seedling raising, field Management, comprises the following steps that：

(1) selection of land site preparation

Select moist environment, loose fertile loam or humus soil, have the hayashishita of irrigation conditions, river valley, streams two sides, 20 degree or so hillside, shade rate 40%~70%, the place of ventilative printing opacity；Physical features is chosen, and site preparation, plough, plough spy's furrow, low-lying Plot easily more than flood rainwater can make high ridge, and 16 centimetres or so of the height of bed, flat furrow are made in high and dry arid, the less place of rainwater, no More than 16 centimetres of loose soil layer will be had by managing which kind of bed, and furrow are 100~160 centimetres wide, long depending on seed and physical features；Every square Rice applies 4~12 kilograms of decomposed dung, and bed soil stirs evenly, and hugs the standby sowing of flat furrow face；

(2) seed treatment

Large area is produced frequently with seminal propagation；Autumn sowing or low temperature sand storage to next kind of sowing in spring, seed is needed to be carried out when harvesting in production Fringe selects, and selects fruit big, uniform to plant, and dries or dries in the shade, and being dipped to pulp rising time control with clear water before freezing removes pulp, Remove the blighted grain kept afloat, then soaked 5~7 days with clear water, make fully to absorb water, every other day change water once, may be used also when changing water Remove a part batch grain；Pull control after immersion out to mix in the damp sand with 2~3 times and seed, be put into outdoor ready 50 lis of depth In the hole of rice or so, 10~15 centimetres of fine earth is covered above, then covers faggot or woven straw, carries out low-temperature treatment, late Febuary Seed is moved into interior, damp sand loading wooden case is mixed and is handled into sand Tibetan, its temperature is maintained between 5~15 DEG C, next year 5~6 Month can breach sowing, germination percentage is up to 60%；

(3) seeding and seedling raising

Seedtime and method：Generally sow treated seed in the first tenday period of a month in May to mid-June, drilling or broadcast sowing；Drilling row Away from 10 centimetres, 1.5~3 centimetres of earthing；Every square metre of 30 grams or so of application rate；Also can be sowed then in early August to early September Fresh seed, that is, select then maturity it is consistent, the big and full fruit of grain, stranding remove pulp, rinsed with clear water, after draining Sowing；

(4) field management

A. irrigation fertilization

Pregnant flower bud yields positive results the phase in addition to supplying enough moisture, it is necessary to a large amount of fertilizer, chase after twice for 1 year, before first time lamina, second It is secondary bloom before, every plant imposes 5~10 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manure, 30~50 centimetres away from root, around opens the ring of 15~20 centimetres of depths Shape ditch, does not hinder root, applies rear earthing；Second of top dressing, suitably increases phosphorus potash fertilizer, promotes fruit ripe；

B. built

After transplanting second year, built, material with water mud column or angle steel do column, with wooden pole or bamboo pole or No. 8 iron wires on column A horizontal line is drawn in portion, a bamboo pole or wooden pole is found at each main stem, 250~300 centimetres high, 1.5~2 centimetres of diameter, is fixed on rope On horizontal line, draw Schisandra chinensis vines restocking by clockwise direction, tied up with rope, later nature restocking；

C. beta pruning

Often selecting good strains in the field for seed, it is outer to stay 3~4 sturdy branches to cultivate, remaining most of base life branch is cut, fraction of the year spring and autumn three quarters beta pruning；

Spring pruning：Short fruitful branch and deadwood are cut, long fruitful branch stays 8~12 buds, and remaining is clipped, and cuts rear branch density appropriateness, mutually not Interference, carries out before sprouting；

Summer cuts：The first tenday period of a month in May to August early and middle ten days carry out, and cut Ji Shengzhi, thorax branch, overlapping branch and sick branch；To overstocked innovation Also to prune off or truncate；

Fall pruning：Carried out after fallen leaves, cut Ji Shengzhi.Beta pruning will pay attention to staying 2~3 nutrition branches to make major branch, and draws climing restocking three times；

D. weed with a hoe

Schisandra chinensis will weed with a hoe in time during giving birth to, and keep loosing soil, without weeds, do not hinder root, while carry out tree in base portion Disk, easy to pour water；

E. earth up：Earth up before entering the winter in five tastes base, Schisandra chinensis safe overwintering can be protected.