CN105165534A - Blueberry high-yield plantation method applicable to farmland in South China - Google Patents
Blueberry high-yield plantation method applicable to farmland in South China Download PDFInfo
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- CN105165534A CN105165534A CN201510618523.7A CN201510618523A CN105165534A CN 105165534 A CN105165534 A CN 105165534A CN 201510618523 A CN201510618523 A CN 201510618523A CN 105165534 A CN105165534 A CN 105165534A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blueberry high-yield plantation method applicable to farmland in South China. The method comprises the following steps: 1, orchard construction and soil preparation; 2, field planting and fertilizer application; 3, pruning; 4, fertilizer and water management; 5, harvesting. Through the method and the mode, the alkalescence farmland in South China can be suitable for plantation of blueberries, the yield of the blueberries is effectively increased, and the blueberry quality is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to blueberry planting technology field, be specifically related to a kind of blueberry high-yield planting method being applicable to farmland, southern area.
Technical background
Blueberry, have another name called sincere this, black soya bean tree (Daxing'an Mountainrange), all persimmon (large Xiaoxinanlin Mountains, Yichun), pasture fruit, ground fruit, Long Guo, clam pool fruit (Jilin), slow Japan-Soviet (Mongols's language), Ji Ete, I is lattice spy (Oroqen's language), (Guizhou is all even for crow fruit, have wild in mountain) etc., perennial shrub or the undershrub plant of Ericaceae Vaccinium, " the little saussurea involucrata in Xingan " is had to praise, be distributed in Korea, Japan, Mongolia, Russia, Europe, the Heilungkiang of North America and China's Mainland, the Inner Mongol, Mountain area, Changbai, be grown on the area of height above sea level 900 meters to 2300 meters, be more common in softwood forest, peat bog, tundra, mountain region and pasture, also be the important component part of Chinese photinia shrubbery.
Blueberry is the healthy food of generally acknowledging in the world, sour and sweet palatability, and have clearly pleasant fragrance, containing particular matters such as a large amount of carbohydrate, amino acid, anthocyanin, ellagic acid, vitamin E, natural visual purple, flavonoidss in Blueberry, have and delay neural aging, strengthen cardiac function and anticancer unique effects.In recent years, along with China people are to the understanding of blueberry, the market demand is increasing, its cultivated area constantly expands, south is existing has area to start to plant blueberry very much, under blueberry is liked on the one hand and is born in acid soil condition, on the other hand because root system is very very thin, main root is undeveloped, fibrous root is a lot, therefore almost can not well grow on the soil of sticky weight, and soil distributed areas, farmland, southern area are more, most farmland is due under being in water logging state for a long time, soil becomes sticky heavy, there is no gap structure, ventilating permeable is poor, some farmland pH value is higher, for neutrality is to alkalescent, and could gather in the crops after growing 3-5, plantation has high input, benefit is slow, mature period is fixed, the enthusiasm of plantation peasant household is influenced.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention provides a kind of blueberry high-yield planting method being applicable to farmland, southern area, can shorten the blueberry growth and maturity time, extends fruiting period, and improves the output of blueberry, reduces planting cost, improves the quality of blueberry fresh fruit.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: a kind of blueberry high-yield planting method being applicable to farmland, southern area, and its step comprises:
(1) build shapedly: select gradient 5%-10%, the content of organic matter carries out building garden at the paddy field of 7%-15%, lays irrigation and drainage system;
To farmland carry out tractor road and main drain planning, tractor road with # font distribution, every 40m excavates a straight flute, and furrow width is not less than 60cm, ditch depth be less than 60cm. ditch and ridge at a right angle.Circular groove is dug on tractor road limit, and furrow width is not less than 50cm, and ditch depth is less than 50cm;
Earth's surface, rice field is scattered sulphur powder, then carries out deep ploughing to paddy soil and turn over whole, the degree of depth is 35cm-50cm, is engaged on rice field simultaneously and perlite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, liver moss are carried out mixing rear infiltration use in the ratio of 1: 1: 1, fully mix with soil;
According to the high seeding row spacing 1.0m-1.5m × 1.5m-2m of clump blueberry sapling, the seeding row spacing 0.5m-1.2m × 1.0m-1.5m of Vaccinium ashei sapling, excavate planting pit, basal dressing in cave;
(2) definite value fertilising: select more than the height of seedling 50cm cultivated through 2 years, the blueberry strong sprout of more than Main stem diameter 0.6cm, after using 800-1000 times of carbendazim to soak 8 ~ 10min, be transplanted in definite value cave, on base manure, 10-20cm mellow soil is inserted during transplanting, water in definite value limit, limit, cover with pine needle after definite value, cladding thickness is 10-15cm; First carry out filling root with root-growing agent after definite value, filling root applying fertilizer after 1-2 days, fertilizer is based on fertilizer, and composite fertilizer is auxiliary;
(3) pruning:
A, seedling are pruned: after field planting second and the 3rd year spring remove small and weak branch, within 1 year, remove the intersection branch in the thin and delicate branch in bottom, descending branch, horizontal branch and tree crown, overstocked branch, overlapping branch be main, guarantee height of tree degree 2m, hat more than width 1.2m;
B, bearing tree are pruned: remove tree crown thin and delicate branch everywhere, are eager to excel and cut, facilitating hair branch to only having the tree of single only; To bud on single branch too much to erase a part, each sprig stays 2-3 bud to be advisable.The old branch cut off every year after 1-2 result carries out retraction and upgrades, heavy after retraction bough is first light, namely first bounces back 1/3 ~ 1/2, when the bough after waiting retraction to upgrade is again weak, strengthens retraction dynamics, cuts off 2/3, even wipe out near the ground.Remove disease branch, deadwood, intersection branch, close overlapping branch;
(4) rich water quality management: bear fruit the phase non-, uses the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer that N: P: K is 1-3: 0.5-2: 0.5-2; In the phase of bearing fruit, use the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer that N: P: K is 1-3: 1-3: 1-3; Water and all adopt the mode of drip irrigation to carry out;
(5) gather: blueberries is bloomed after order has and first have in inflorescence, the maturing stage of fruit is inconsistent, to gather in batches, when fruit surface is by initial dark green, become red gradually, be transformed into bluish violet again to ripe during atropurpureus, 2 ~ 3 days general full bearing periods gathered once, and just fruit and end 4 ~ 6 days phases of fruit gather once.Eat raw, transportation range short and storage conditions is good maturing stage more than ninety percent gathers.Processing beverage, pulp, fruit wine, jelly etc. are gathered after abundant maturation with blueberry.Make fruit can blueberry, gather when medium well.Before harvesting should be come to high temperature at noon in the morning, or carry out after mercury dropped between the lights, gently pluck during harvesting, gently take, put down gently, disease fruit, malformed fruit singly should be received and singly be put.
Further implement as of the present invention, configure pollinizers after described step (2) field planting, the allocation ratio of main breed and pollinated variety is 1: 2 or 1: 3;
Further implement as of the present invention, described fertilizer is formed by cow dung, pine tree sawdust, pine needle humus soil, native soil Homogeneous phase mixing;
Preferably, the mass ratio of described cow dung, pine tree sawdust, pine needle humus soil, native soil is: 5: 3: 3: 15;
Further implement as of the present invention, in described step (2), root-growing agent is indolebutyric acid sodium water solution;
Preferably, the mass concentration of described indolebutyric acid sodium water solution is 0.5%-0.9%.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: build shapedly, improve soil, fully ensure that the soil condition of blueberry; Before definite value, use 800-1000 times of carbendazim to seedling process, reduce disease, adopt root-growing agent, promote growing of blueberry; Carry out continuing to prune to the seedling after definite value, promote the growth of root system, make the sprouting pruning rear sprouting more sturdy, add the quantity of branch, be beneficial to blueberry high yield; Whole process of growth does not use chemical pesticide chemical fertilizer, uses organic compost as base fertilizer, ensures product yield, make product nutritive value higher, ensure Blueberry green health; In definite value process, mellow soil inserted by base manure, avoid the contact of root and base fertilizer, do not occur to burn seedling phenomenon; The present invention can effectively shorten the blueberry growth and maturity time, extends fruiting period, and improves the output of blueberry and the quality of blueberry.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, and following examples are descriptive, is not determinate, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
Be applicable to the blueberry high-yield planting method in farmland, southern area, comprise the following steps:
(1) build shapedly: select the gradient 8%, the content of organic matter carries out building garden at the paddy field of 7%, lays irrigation and drainage system;
Earth's surface, rice field is scattered sulphur powder, then carries out deep ploughing to paddy soil and turn over whole, the degree of depth is 40cm, is engaged on rice field simultaneously and perlite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, liver moss are carried out mixing rear infiltration use in the ratio of 1: 1: 1, fully mix with soil;
According to the high seeding row spacing 1.0m × 1.5m of clump blueberry sapling, the seeding row spacing 1m × 1.5m of Vaccinium ashei sapling, excavate planting pit, basal dressing in cave;
(4) definite value fertilising: select the height of seedling 50cm cultivated through 2 years, the blueberry strong sprout of Main stem diameter 0.6cm, after using 800 times of carbendazim to soak 10min, be transplanted in definite value cave, on base manure, 15cm mellow soil is inserted during transplanting, water in definite value limit, limit, cover with pine needle after definite value, cladding thickness is 12cm; First carry out filling root with root-growing agent after definite value, filling root applying fertilizer after 2 days, fertilizer is based on fertilizer, and composite fertilizer is auxiliary;
(5) pruning:
A, seedling are pruned: after field planting second and the 3rd year spring remove small and weak branch, within 1 year, remove the intersection branch in the thin and delicate branch in bottom, descending branch, horizontal branch and tree crown, overstocked branch, overlapping branch be main, guarantee height of tree degree 2m, hat more than width 1.2m;
B, bearing tree are pruned: remove tree crown thin and delicate branch everywhere, are eager to excel and cut, facilitating hair branch to only having the tree of single only; To bud on single branch too much to erase a part, each sprig stays 2 buds to be advisable.The old branch cut off every year after 2 results carries out retraction and upgrades, heavy after retraction bough is first light, namely first bounces back 1/2, when the bough after waiting retraction to upgrade is again weak, strengthens retraction dynamics, cuts off 2/3, even wipe out near the ground.Remove disease branch, deadwood, intersection branch, close overlapping branch;
(4) rich water quality management: bear fruit the phase non-, uses the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer that N: P: K is 1: 0.5: 0.5; In the phase of bearing fruit, use the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer that N: P: K is 1: 1: 1; Water and all adopt the mode of drip irrigation to carry out;
(5) gather: the maturing stage according to fruit gathers, 2 days full bearing periods gathered once, and just fruit and end 4 days phases of fruit gather once;
Further implement as of the present invention, configure pollinizers after described step (2) field planting, the allocation ratio of main breed and pollinated variety is 1: 3;
Further implement as of the present invention, described fertilizer is formed by cow dung, pine tree sawdust, pine needle humus soil, native soil Homogeneous phase mixing;
Preferably, the mass ratio of described cow dung, pine tree sawdust, pine needle humus soil, native soil is 5: 3: 3: 15;
Further implement as of the present invention, in described step (2), root-growing agent is indolebutyric acid sodium water solution;
Preferably, the mass concentration of described indolebutyric acid sodium water solution is 0.5%.
Claims (6)
1. be applicable to the blueberry high-yield planting method in farmland, southern area, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) build shapedly: select gradient 5%-10%, the content of organic matter carries out building garden at the paddy field of 7%-15%, lays irrigation and drainage system;
Earth's surface, rice field is scattered sulphur powder, then carries out deep ploughing to paddy soil and turn over whole, the degree of depth is 35cm-50cm, is engaged on rice field simultaneously and perlite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, liver moss are carried out mixing rear infiltration use in the ratio of 1: 1: 1, fully mix with soil;
According to the high seeding row spacing 1.0m-1.5m × 1.5m-2m of clump blueberry sapling, the seeding row spacing 0.5m-1.2m × 1.0m-1.5m of Vaccinium ashei sapling, excavate planting pit, basal dressing in cave;
(2) definite value fertilising: select more than the height of seedling 50cm cultivated through 2 years, the blueberry strong sprout of more than Main stem diameter 0.6cm, after using 800-1000 times of carbendazim to soak 8 ~ 10min, be transplanted in definite value cave, on base manure, 10-20cm mellow soil is inserted during transplanting, water in definite value limit, limit, cover with pine needle after definite value, cladding thickness is 10-15cm; First carry out filling root with root-growing agent after definite value, filling root applying fertilizer after 1-2 days, fertilizer is based on fertilizer, and composite fertilizer is auxiliary;
(3) pruning:
A, seedling are pruned: after field planting second and the 3rd year spring remove small and weak branch, within 1 year, remove the intersection branch in the thin and delicate branch in bottom, descending branch, horizontal branch and tree crown, overstocked branch, overlapping branch be main, guarantee height of tree degree 2m, hat more than width 1.2m;
B, bearing tree are pruned: remove tree crown thin and delicate branch everywhere, are eager to excel and cut, facilitating hair branch to only having the tree of single only; To bud on single branch too much to erase a part, each sprig stays 2-3 bud to be advisable.The old branch cut off every year after 1-2 result carries out retraction and upgrades, and heavy after retraction bough is first light, namely first bounce back 1/3-1/2, when the bough after waiting retraction to upgrade is again weak, strengthens retraction dynamics, cuts off 2/3, even wipe out near the ground.Remove disease branch, deadwood, intersection branch, close overlapping branch;
(4) rich water quality management: bear fruit the phase non-, uses the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer that N: P: K is 1-3: 0.5-2: 0.5-2; In the phase of bearing fruit, use the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer that N: P: K is 1-3: 1-3: 1-3; Water and all adopt the mode of drip irrigation to carry out;
(5) gather: the maturing stage according to fruit gathers, the 2-3 days full bearing period gathered once, and just fruit and end fruit phase 4-6 days gather once.
2. blueberry implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: configure pollinizers after described step (2) field planting, and the allocation ratio of main breed and pollinated variety is 1: 2 or 1: 3.
3. blueberry implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fertilizer is formed by cow dung, pine tree sawdust, pine needle humus soil, native soil Homogeneous phase mixing.
4. blueberry implantation methods according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the mass ratio of described cow dung, pine tree sawdust, pine needle humus soil, native soil is: 5: 3: 3: 15.
5. blueberry implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (2), root-growing agent is indolebutyric acid sodium water solution.
6. blueberry implantation methods according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the mass concentration of described indolebutyric acid sodium water solution is 0.5%-0.9%.
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| CN201510618523.7A CN105165534A (en) | 2015-09-21 | 2015-09-21 | Blueberry high-yield plantation method applicable to farmland in South China |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106212191A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-14 | 周翠华 | A kind of artificial blue berry high-yield planting method |
| CN106305157A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-01-11 | 盛林蓝莓集团股份有限公司 | Blueberry grafting method |
| CN106358944A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-01 | 周翠华 | Cultivation method for increasing blueberry anthocyanin content and fruit internal quality |
| CN106973740A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2017-07-25 | 重庆琨昱农业发展有限公司 | The implantation methods of blueberry |
| CN107242128A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-10-13 | 兴义市蓝溪种养殖农民专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of potted plant blueberry |
| CN107306735A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-11-03 | 太仓市丰缘农场专业合作社 | The environmentally friendly implantation methods of the high yield of blueberry |
| CN107683743A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-13 | 青岛隆辉农业开发有限公司 | A kind of blueberry plug draws kind cultural method ripe in advance in brooder |
-
2015
- 2015-09-21 CN CN201510618523.7A patent/CN105165534A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106973740A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2017-07-25 | 重庆琨昱农业发展有限公司 | The implantation methods of blueberry |
| CN106305157A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-01-11 | 盛林蓝莓集团股份有限公司 | Blueberry grafting method |
| CN106212191A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-14 | 周翠华 | A kind of artificial blue berry high-yield planting method |
| CN106358944A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-01 | 周翠华 | Cultivation method for increasing blueberry anthocyanin content and fruit internal quality |
| CN107306735A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-11-03 | 太仓市丰缘农场专业合作社 | The environmentally friendly implantation methods of the high yield of blueberry |
| CN107242128A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-10-13 | 兴义市蓝溪种养殖农民专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of potted plant blueberry |
| CN107683743A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-13 | 青岛隆辉农业开发有限公司 | A kind of blueberry plug draws kind cultural method ripe in advance in brooder |
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Application publication date: 20151223 |