CN103749129B - Method for asexually and rapidly propagating homalium hainanense - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for asexual and rapid propagation of safflower chinensis, which comprises the steps of collecting seeds, establishing ear-picking gardens, managing mother plants, collecting cuttings, cuttings and cutting seedlings, and selecting good, robust, mature trees free from diseases and insect pests as mother trees for seed-collecting , collect seeds for conventional germination, transplant them on the nursery bed to cultivate seedlings as ear picking nursery, cut the top to promote germination, cultivate fully lignified branches as cutting scion, put the scion cutting into the container cup with the matrix installed, and cultivate the cutting seedlings , to obtain fine and strong cutting seedlings of safflower tianliao. The method for asexual rapid propagation of safflower wood in the present invention uses cuttings to asexually propagate safflower wood, so that the seedlings can maintain the original excellent genetic traits of the female parent, and can also provide a large number of seedlings that come out of the nursery neatly, solving the problem of safflower. The problem of the shortage of fine varieties of natural wood is of great significance to speed up the afforestation and development of safflower natural wood and the demand for precious solid wood furniture in people's life.

Description

A kind of asexual rapid propagation method of safflower wood

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and relates to a method for rapid asexual propagation of safflower.

Background technique

Homalium hainanense (Homalium hainanense), Homalium hainanense, is an evergreen tree in the family Homalium hainanense. It is a precious timber tree species suitable for growing in the southwestern to eastern parts of China, especially Hainan Island. It has been introduced in other areas of Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi and other places. It grows well, and most of the areas have blossomed and fruited. The safflower is an evergreen broad-leaved tree. The tree has a beautiful body and a straight trunk. It is an excellent greening tree species suitable for planting "all around". It is slightly shade-tolerant when young, and large trees need strong light. The wood is reddish-brown, with straight texture, tough wood, dense texture and toughness. It is used for shipbuilding, bridges, pillows, furniture, hydraulic engineering and joinery. The safflower tree is usually seeded to breed seedlings, but its capsules are easy to fall off after ripening, the seeds lose their vitality within 3 months, the germination rate is extremely low, and the germination rate in the field is only about 30%, and the offspring of seed breeding are prone to variation , The seedlings are uneven.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a low-cost, high germination rate, and beneficial to the protection and development of safflower chrysanthemum asexual rapid propagation method.

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A method for asexual rapid propagation of safflower wood, comprising the steps of collecting seeds, establishing ear gardens, managing mother plants, collecting cuttings, cuttings and cutting seedling management, selecting good, strong, mature trees free from diseases and insect pests as mother trees for seed collection, and collecting seeds for Conventional germination, transplanted on the nursery bed to cultivate seedlings as ear picking nursery, cut the top to promote germination, cultivate fully lignified branches as cuttings, put the cuttings in the container cup with the substrate, and cultivate the cutting seedlings to obtain good and strong The cutting seedlings of safflower natural wood; the specific operation steps are as follows:

(1) Seed collection: Select good, strong, mature trees without pests and diseases as the mother tree for seed collection. When the capsules are ripe from July to August or December to January of the next year, collect seeds and fruits, accumulate them indoors until the seed shells are soft, and wash them with clean water. , get the seed;

(2) Establish ear-picking nursery: soak the seeds in hot water at 65-75°C, continue to soak for 24 hours after natural cooling, sow them on a clean wet sand bed, cover with 2-3cm thick fine sand, sprinkle with water, cover Shade nets with 65% to 75% shading degree, and maintain appropriate humidity during the period; mix well with superphosphate, garbage disposal fertilizer and topsoil for seedling cultivation, and form seedling cultivation plots for use: when the seeds germinate, there are 2 pairs of complete seedlings. When leaves, transplant the seedlings to the nursery bed and plant according to the specifications, sprinkle conventionally used compound fertilizers during planting, pour root water after planting, and cover with a shading net with a shading degree of 65-75%;

(3) Mother plant management: 30-35 days after planting, open the shading net to receive full light, and fertilize at intervals; 40-45 days after planting, top with sharp scissors to promote germination, and regularly spray fungicides to prevent diseases. Spray insecticide to kill insects;

(4) Collecting cuttings: collecting budding strips as cuttings and cuttings, and trimming cuttings;

(5) Cutting: Use yellow core soil and fine sand as the cutting substrate, first put the cutting substrate into the cutting container cup, then place the cutting container cup on the cutting border, and use permanganate with a mass concentration of 2 to 5% the day before cutting Potassium is used to disinfect the cutting border; the cuttings are dipped in the growth hormone paste and then inserted into the cutting matrix. The cutting depth is 2.5-4cm, and the rooting water is drenched;

(6) Management of cutting seedlings: Cover with film and shade net after cutting, and seal the surroundings of film and shade net with soil, the air humidity in the cutting bed is 85-95%, open the film and shade every 7-10 days Ventilate the net, spray water, spray the mixture of fungicide and foliar fertilizer, and reseal the film and shade net after 0.5 hours; after the cuttings take root and stabilize, lift the plastic film and continue to shade, and the shading will be done before 11 o'clock in the morning. After 4:00 p.m., close the shading net to let the seedlings gradually adapt to the light; after the cuttings grow 3 pairs of new leaves, the shading net can be opened, fully illuminated, and then sprayed every 8 to 10 days with a mass concentration of 0.4 ~0.8% of conventionally used compound fertilizers and water fertilizers are used to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests until they grow into complete and robust qualified safflower seedlings.

The above-mentioned seed collection mother tree is to select to plant more than 25 years, the straight mature safflower natural wood excellent strain of trunk.

The nursery furrow described in the above step (2) is to plow and smash the ear-picking nursery first, evenly sprinkle superphosphate 100Kg/mu, garbage treatment fertilizer 200-300Kg/mu, and stir evenly with the surface soil of the seedling-raising ground to form Seedling beds with a width of 1m.

The planting specification described in the above step (2) is that the row spacing of the seedlings is 15-20cm×25-30cm.

The method of distributing conventionally used compound fertilizers described in the above step (2) is to open a row ditch on the seedling bed when planting, and plant a row in a row. The row ditch is 10-20cm deep, and the conventional The compound fertilizer used is evenly sprinkled into the bottom of the row ditch, stirred evenly with the soil, and then planted seedlings covered with soil, and drenched with root water after planting.

The fertilization described in the above step (3) is 15 to 18 days after planting, the mass concentration of 1.5 to 2.0% Russian compound fertilizer water and fertilizer is applied between the rows, and the mass concentration of 2.0 is applied between the rows every 20 to 25 days. ~2.5% Russian compound fertilizer and water fertilizer; Spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a mass concentration of 1-2% 10 days before each collection of cuttings to promote the lignification of cuttings; after each collection of cuttings, spray once between rows The mass concentration is 2.0-2.5% of conventionally used compound fertilizer water fertilizer.

The above-mentioned topping to promote germination is to keep 3 to 5 pairs of leaves from the base, and then use sharp scissors to completely cut off the upper part.

The above-mentioned cutting cuttings are cut from the base of the budding branches when the sprouting branches are 18-24cm long and 0.2-0.3cm thick at the base when they are fully lignified; Cut off all the leaves, and cut the lower end 1cm away from the bud eye into an oblique shape.

The above-mentioned cutting substrate is to mix 7 to 8 parts of yellow heart soil and 2 to 3 parts of fine sand and put them into a container cup.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

1. A method for asexual and rapid propagation of safflower wood in the present invention uses cuttings to asexually propagate safflower wood, so that the seedlings can maintain the original excellent genetic traits of the female parent, and can provide a large number of seedlings that come out of the nursery neatly. Solving the problem of the shortage of fine varieties of safflower wood in large quantities is of great significance for accelerating the afforestation and development of safflower wood and the demand for precious solid wood furniture in people's lives.

2. A method for asexual rapid propagation of safflower natural wood of the present invention is suitable for applying organic base fertilizer and topdressing to plant the mother plant to make it grow fast and have many germinations, improve the reproduction coefficient, and spray foliage fertilizer before collecting cuttings to promote its lignification , Improve the survival rate of cuttings.

3. A method for asexual and rapid propagation of safflower wood in the present invention, the cutting substrate is mixed with yellow core soil and fine sand, so that the substrate is loose and moderate, has certain permeability and certain water and fertilizer retention ability, and improves the survival rate of cuttings .

4. A method for asexual rapid propagation of safflower safflower in the present invention has the characteristics of fast propagation speed, simple method, easy operation and high survival rate, maintains excellent genetic characteristics, and has good economic, social and ecological benefits .

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.

Example 1:

A method of asexual and rapid propagation of safflower safflower, which selects mature safflower safflower trees with straight trunks, excellent robustness, and no pests and diseases after planting for 25 years as the mother tree for seed collection. Seed husks are rotten and washed with clean water to obtain seeds. Soak the seeds in hot water at 65°C, and continue to soak for 24 hours after cooling naturally, sow them on a clean wet sand bed, cover with fine sand with a thickness of 2cm, sprinkle with clean water, and cover with a shading net with a shading degree of 65%. Maintain proper humidity during this period. Plow and smash the ear-picking nursery, evenly sprinkle superphosphate 100Kg/mu, garbage disposal fertilizer 200Kg/mu, and stir evenly with the surface soil for seedling raising, and form a seedling raising bed with a width of 1m for use. When the seeds germinate and have 2 pairs of complete leaves, transplant the seedlings to the nursery bed and plant them according to the row spacing of the seedlings at 15cm×25cm. Sprinkle conventionally used compound fertilizer into the bottom of the row ditch evenly at an amount of 2g/plant, mix it with the soil evenly, then cover the soil to plant seedlings, pour root water after planting, and cover with a shading net with a shading degree of 65%.

After 30 days of planting, open the shading net to receive full light, and fertilize at intervals, that is, after 15 days of planting, the mass concentration of the row-to-row spray is 1.5%. The compound fertilizer water and fertilizer purchased in Russia on the market will be sprayed between the rows every 20 days thereafter. The mass concentration is 2.0% and the compound fertilizer water fertilizer that buys Russia on the market; It is the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution of 1% to spray mass concentration 10 days before each collection of ear bar to promote the lignification of ear bar; Intermittent drench application of a mass concentration of 2.0% conventionally used compound fertilizer water and fertilizer. 40 days after planting, use sharp scissors to top and promote germination. After retaining 3 pairs of leaves from the base to the top, use sharp shears to completely cut off the upper part. Regularly spray fungicides to the mother plant to prevent diseases, and spray insecticides to kill insects when there are pests.

When the sprouting branches are 18-20cm long and the base is 0.2cm thick and completely lignified, cut them from the base of the sprouting branches as cuttings; keep half of the leaves on the upper part of the cuttings, cut off all the leaves on the lower part, and cut the lower end 1cm away from the bud eye. Cuttings and cuttings after pruning are obtained in oblique shape. Mix 7 parts of yellow heart soil and 2 parts of fine sand to get the cutting substrate, first put the cutting substrate into the cutting container cup, then place the cutting container cup on the cutting furrow, use potassium permanganate with a mass concentration of 2% the day before cutting Disinfect the cutting borders; dip the cutting edge of the cuttings into the growth hormone paste and insert them into the cutting matrix at a cutting depth of 2.5 cm, and drench them with rooting water.

Cover film and shading net after cutting, all around the film and shading net are sealed with soil, the air humidity in the cutting bed is 85%, open the film and shading net every 7 days for ventilation, watering, spraying fungicide and Foliage fertilizer mixture, re-seal the film and shade net after 0.5h; after the cuttings take root and stabilize, lift the plastic film and continue to shade, and close the shade net before 11:00 in the morning and after 4:00 in the afternoon to let the cuttings take root. The seedlings gradually adapt to the light; after the cuttings grow 3 pairs of new leaves, the shading net can be opened, and the light is fully illuminated, and then every 8 days, the compound fertilizer and water fertilizer that the mass concentration is 0.4% is routinely used, and the prevention and treatment of plant diseases and insect pests, until Grow into complete and strong qualified safflower seedlings.

Example 2:

A method of asexual and rapid propagation of safflower safflower, which selects mature safflower safflower trees with straight trunks, excellent robustness, and no pests and diseases after planting for 27 years as the mother tree for seed collection. Seed husks are rotten and washed with clean water to obtain seeds. Soak the seeds in hot water at 70°C, wait for natural cooling and continue to soak for 24 hours, sow them on a clean wet sand bed, cover with 2cm thick fine sand, sprinkle with clean water, and cover with a 70% shading net for shade. Maintain proper humidity during this period. Plow and smash the ear-picking nursery, evenly sprinkle 100Kg/mu of superphosphate and 200Kg/mu of garbage disposal fertilizer, stir evenly with the surface of the nursery, and form a nursery with a width of 1m for use. When the seeds germinate and have 2 pairs of complete leaves, transplant the seedlings to the nursery bed and plant them according to the row spacing of the seedlings at 20cm×25cm. Sprinkle conventionally used compound fertilizer into the bottom of the row ditch evenly at 2g/plant, mix with the soil evenly, then cover the soil to plant seedlings, pour root water after planting, and cover with 70% shading net for shade.

After 35 days of planting, open the shading net to receive full light, and fertilize at intervals, that is, after 15 days of planting, the mass concentration of the row-to-row spray is 1.7%. The compound fertilizer water and fertilizer purchased in Russia on the market will be sprayed between the rows every 20 days thereafter. The mass concentration is 2.0% and the compound fertilizer water fertilizer that buys Russia on the market; It is the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution of 1% to spray mass concentration 10 days before each collection of ear bar to promote the lignification of ear bar; Intermittent drench application of a mass concentration of 2.0% conventionally used compound fertilizer water and fertilizer. After 40 days of planting, use sharp scissors to top and promote germination. After retaining 4 pairs of leaves from the base to the top, use sharp shears to completely cut off the upper part. Regularly spray fungicides to the mother plant to prevent diseases, and spray insecticides to kill insects when there are pests.

When the sprouting branches are 18-20cm long and the base is 0.2cm thick and completely lignified, cut them from the base of the sprouting branches as cuttings; keep half of the leaves on the upper part of the cuttings, cut off all the leaves on the lower part, and cut the lower end 1cm away from the bud eye. Cuttings and cuttings after pruning are obtained in oblique shape. Mix 7 parts of yellow heart soil and 3 parts of fine sand to get the cutting substrate. First put the cutting substrate into the cutting container cup, then place the cutting container cup on the cutting border, and use potassium permanganate with a mass concentration of 3% the day before cutting Disinfect the cutting borders; dip the lower cut of the cuttings into the growth hormone paste and insert them into the cutting matrix at a cutting depth of 3 cm, and drench them with root-fixing water.

Cover film and shading net after cutting, all around the film and shading net are sealed with soil, the air humidity in the cutting bed is 90%, open the film and shading net every 8 days for ventilation, watering, spraying fungicide and Foliage fertilizer mixture, re-seal the film and shade net after 0.5h; after the cuttings take root and stabilize, lift the plastic film and continue to shade, and close the shade net before 11:00 in the morning and after 4:00 in the afternoon to let the cuttings take root. The seedlings gradually adapt to the light; after the cuttings grow 3 pairs of new leaves, the shading net can be opened, fully illuminated, and then every 9 days, the compound fertilizer and water fertilizer that is 0.5% in mass concentration are used to prevent and control pests and diseases until Grow into complete and strong qualified safflower seedlings.

Example 3:

A method of asexual and rapid propagation of safflower safflower, which selects mature safflower safflower trees with straight trunks, excellent robustness, and no pests and diseases after planting for 30 years as the mother tree for seed collection. Seed husks are rotten and washed with clean water to obtain seeds. Soak the seeds in hot water at 70°C, wait for natural cooling and continue to soak for 24 hours, sow them on a clean wet sand bed, cover with 3cm thick fine sand, sprinkle with clean water, and cover with a 75% shading net for shade. Maintain proper humidity during this period. Plow and smash the ear-picking nursery, evenly sprinkle 100Kg/mu of superphosphate and 300Kg/mu of garbage disposal fertilizer, stir evenly with the surface of the seedling-raising ground, and form a seedling-raising border with a width of 1m for use. When the seeds germinate and have 2 pairs of complete leaves, transplant the seedlings to the nursery bed and plant them according to the row spacing of the seedlings at 15cm×30cm. Sprinkle conventionally used compound fertilizer into the bottom of the row ditch evenly at the amount of 4g/plant, mix with the soil evenly, then cover the soil to plant seedlings, pour root water after planting, and cover with a 75% shading net for shade.

After 35 days of planting, open the shading net to receive full light, and fertilize at intervals, that is, after 16 days of planting, the mass concentration of the row-to-row spray is 1.8%. The compound fertilizer water and fertilizer purchased in Russia on the market will be sprayed between the rows every 22 days thereafter. The mass concentration is 2.3% and the compound fertilizer water fertilizer that buys Russia on the market; It is the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution of 2% to spray mass concentration 10 days before each collection of ear bar to promote the lignification of ear bar; A mass concentration of 2.3% conventionally used compound fertilizer and water fertilizer was applied by drenching once. After 45 days of planting, use sharp scissors to top and promote germination. After keeping 5 pairs of leaves from the base up, use sharp shears to completely cut off the upper part. Regularly spray fungicides to the mother plant to prevent diseases, and spray insecticides to kill insects when there are pests.

When the sprouting branches are 20-22cm long and 0.3cm thick at the base and completely lignified, cut them from the base of the sprouting branches as cuttings; keep half of the leaves on the top of the cuttings, cut off all the leaves on the lower part, and cut the lower end 1cm away from the bud eye. Cuttings and cuttings after pruning are obtained in oblique shape. Mix 8 parts of yellow heart soil and 2 parts of fine sand to obtain the cutting substrate. First put the cutting substrate into the cutting container cup, then place the cutting container cup on the cutting border, and use potassium permanganate with a mass concentration of 4% the day before cutting Disinfect the cutting borders; dip the cutting edge of the cuttings into the growth hormone paste and insert them into the cutting matrix at a cutting depth of 3.5 cm, and drench them with root-fixing water.

Cover film and shading net after cutting, all around the film and shading net are sealed with soil, the air humidity in the cutting bed is 95%, open the film and shading net every 9 days for ventilation, watering, spraying fungicide and Foliage fertilizer mixture, re-seal the film and shade net after 0.5h; after the cuttings take root and stabilize, lift the plastic film and continue to shade, and close the shade net before 11:00 in the morning and after 4:00 in the afternoon to let the cuttings take root. The seedlings gradually adapt to the light; after the cuttings grow 3 pairs of new leaves, the shading net can be opened, and the light is fully illuminated, and then every 9 days, the compound fertilizer and water fertilizer that the mass concentration is 0.6% is routinely used, and the prevention and treatment of plant diseases and insect pests, until Grow into complete and strong qualified safflower seedlings.

Example 4:

A method of asexual and rapid propagation of safflower chrysanthemum. Select the mature safflower safflower tree with straight trunk, good quality, robustness and no pests and diseases after planting for 32 years as the mother tree for seed collection. When the capsules mature in January of the next year, the seeds are collected and the fruit is piled up indoors. Until the seed husk becomes soft, wash it with clean water to obtain the seeds. Soak the seeds in hot water at 75°C, wait for natural cooling and continue to soak for 24 hours, sow them on a clean wet sand bed, cover with 3cm thick fine sand, sprinkle with clean water, and cover with a 75% shading net for shade. Maintain proper humidity during this period. Plow and smash the ear-picking nursery, evenly sprinkle 100Kg/mu of superphosphate and 300Kg/mu of garbage disposal fertilizer, stir evenly with the surface of the nursery, and form a nursery with a width of 1m for use. When the seeds germinate and have 2 pairs of complete leaves, transplant the seedlings to the nursery bed and plant them according to the row spacing of the seedlings at 20cm×30cm. Sprinkle conventionally used compound fertilizer into the bottom of the row ditch evenly at the amount of 4g/plant, mix with the soil evenly, then cover the soil to plant seedlings, pour root water after planting, and cover with a 75% shading net for shade.

After 35 days of planting, open the shading net to accept full light, and fertilize at intervals, that is, after 18 days of planting, the mass concentration of the row-to-row spray is 2.0%. The compound fertilizer water and fertilizer purchased in Russia on the market will be sprayed between the rows every 25 days thereafter. The mass concentration is 2.5% and the compound fertilizer water fertilizer that buys Russia on the market; It is the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution of 2% to spray mass concentration 10 days before each collection of ear bar to promote the lignification of ear bar; The compound fertilizer water and fertilizer that the mass concentration is 2.5% conventionally used is applied once in between. After 45 days of planting, use sharp scissors to top and promote germination. After keeping 5 pairs of leaves from the base up, use sharp shears to completely cut off the upper part. Regularly spray fungicides to the mother plant to prevent diseases, and spray insecticides to kill insects when there are pests.

When the sprouting branches are 22-24cm long and the base is 0.3cm thick and completely lignified, cut them from the base of the sprouting branches as cuttings; keep half of the leaves on the upper part of the cuttings, cut off all the leaves on the lower part, and cut the lower end 1cm away from the bud eye. Cuttings and cuttings after pruning are obtained in oblique shape. Mix 8 parts of yellow heart soil and 3 parts of fine sand to get the cutting substrate, first put the cutting substrate into the cutting container cup, then place the cutting container cup on the cutting furrow, use potassium permanganate with a mass concentration of 5% the day before cutting Disinfect the cutting borders; dip the lower cuttings of the cuttings into the growth hormone paste and insert them into the cutting matrix at a cutting depth of 4 cm, and drench them with root-fixing water.

Cover film and shading net after cutting, all around the film and shading net are sealed with soil, the air humidity in the cutting bed is 95%, open the film and shading net every 10 days for ventilation, watering, spraying fungicide and Foliage fertilizer mixture, re-seal the film and shade net after 0.5h; after the cuttings take root and stabilize, lift the plastic film and continue to shade, and close the shade net before 11:00 in the morning and after 4:00 in the afternoon to let the cuttings take root. The seedlings gradually adapt to the light; after the cuttings grow 3 pairs of new leaves, the shading net can be lifted, and the light is fully illuminated, and then every 10 days, the compound fertilizer and water fertilizer with a mass concentration of 0.8% are routinely used to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests. Grow into complete and strong qualified safflower seedlings.

Claims (9)

1. A method for asexual rapid propagation of safflower wood, comprising seed collection, setting up ear gardens, mother plant management, collecting cuttings, cuttings and cutting seedling management procedures, and its waiting list is: select good and strong mature trees without damage by diseases and insect pests As a seed-collecting mother tree, the seeds are collected for conventional germination, transplanted on the nursery bed to cultivate the seedlings as the ear-picking nursery, the top is cut to promote germination, and the fully lignified branches are cultivated as cuttings, and the cuttings are placed in the container cup with the substrate installed. Cultivate cutting seedlings to obtain good and strong safflower tree cutting seedlings; the specific operation steps are as follows: (1) Seed collection: Select good, strong, mature trees without pests and diseases as the mother tree for seed collection. When the capsules are ripe from July to August or December to January of the next year, collect seeds and fruits, accumulate them indoors until the seed shells are soft, and wash them with clean water. , get the seed; (2) Establish ear-picking nursery: soak the seeds in hot water at 65-75°C, continue to soak for 24 hours after natural cooling, sow them on a clean wet sand bed, cover with 2-3cm thick fine sand, sprinkle with water, cover Shade nets with 65% to 75% shading degree, and maintain appropriate humidity during the period; mix well with superphosphate, garbage disposal fertilizer and surface soil for seedling cultivation, and form seedling cultivation plots for use; when the seeds germinate, there are 2 pairs of complete seedlings. When leaves, transplant the seedlings to the nursery bed and plant according to the specifications, sprinkle conventionally used compound fertilizers during planting, pour root water after planting, and cover with a shading net with a shading degree of 65-75%; (3) Mother plant management: 30-35 days after planting, open the shading net to receive full light, and fertilize at intervals; 40-45 days after planting, top with sharp scissors to promote germination, and regularly spray fungicides to prevent diseases. Spray insecticide to kill insects; (4) Collecting cuttings: collecting budding strips as cuttings and cuttings, and trimming cuttings; (5) Cutting: Use yellow core soil and fine sand as the cutting substrate, first put the cutting substrate into the cutting container cup, then place the cutting container cup on the cutting border, and use permanganate with a mass concentration of 2 to 5% the day before cutting Potassium is used to disinfect the cutting border; the cuttings are dipped in the growth hormone paste and then inserted into the cutting matrix. The cutting depth is 2.5-4cm, and the rooting water is drenched; (6) Management of cutting seedlings: cover the film and shade net after cutting, and seal the surroundings of the film and shade net with soil. The air humidity in the cutting bed is 85-95%. Open the film and shade every 7-10 days Ventilate the net, spray water, spray the mixture of fungicide and foliar fertilizer, and reseal the film and shade net after 0.5 hours; after the cuttings take root and stabilize, lift the plastic film and continue to shade, and the shading will be done before 11 o'clock in the morning. After 4:00 p.m., close the shading net to let the seedlings gradually adapt to the light; after the cuttings grow 3 pairs of new leaves, the shading net can be opened, fully illuminated, and then sprayed every 8 to 10 days with a mass concentration of 0.4 ~0.8% of conventionally used compound fertilizers and water fertilizers are used to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests until they grow into complete and robust qualified safflower seedlings. 2. a kind of safflower asexual rapid propagation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described seed-collecting mother tree is to select to plant more than 25 years, the mature safflower excellent strain of straight trunk. 3. A method for asexual rapid propagation of safflower safflower wood according to claim 1, characterized in that: the seedling bed described in step (2) is first plowed and smashed the ear picking nursery, and evenly sprinkled with superphosphoric acid Calcium 100Kg/mu, garbage treatment fertilizer 200-300Kg/mu, and the topsoil of the nursery ground are evenly stirred to form a nursery bed with a width of 1m. 4 . The method for asexual rapid propagation of safflower wood according to claim 1 , characterized in that: the specification of planting in step (2) is that the row spacing of seedlings is 15-20cm×25-30cm. 5. A method for asexual and rapid propagation of safflower wood according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method of sprinkling conventionally used compound fertilizers in step (2) is to first run on the seedling bed when planting Ditch, open a row and plant a row, the depth of the row ditch is 10-20cm, spread the conventionally used compound fertilizer into the bottom of the ditch evenly according to the amount of 2-4g/plant, mix it with the soil evenly, then cover the soil to plant the seedlings, and pour water to fix the roots after planting . 6. The method for asexual and rapid propagation of safflower wood according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fertilization in step (3) is 15 to 18 days after planting, and the mass concentration of interrow drenching is 1.5 to 2.0 %Russian compound fertilizer and water fertilizer, after that every 20 days to 25 days, the mass concentration of 2.0 to 2.5% Russian compound fertilizer and water fertilizer is sprayed between rows; 10 days before each collection of spikes, spray phosphoric acid with a mass concentration of 1 to 2% Potassium dihydrogen solution promotes the lignification of cuttings; after each collection of cuttings, the conventional compound fertilizer and water fertilizer with a mass concentration of 2.0-2.5% is applied between the rows once. 7. A method for asexual rapid propagation of safflower safflower wood according to claim 1, characterized in that: said topping to promote germination is to retain 3 to 5 pairs of leaves from the base, and use sharp scissors to remove them The upper part is completely cut off. 8. A method for asexual and rapid propagation of safflower wood according to claim 1, characterized in that: said cuttings and cuttings are sprouted branches with a length of 18 to 24 cm and a thick base of 0.2 to 0.3 cm when fully lignified. It is obtained by cutting off the base of the sprouting branch; the pruning cutting cuttings are to keep half of the leaves on the upper part of the cuttings, cut off all the leaves on the lower part, and cut the lower end into a slanted shape at a distance of 1 cm from the bud eye. 9. A method for asexual rapid propagation of safflower safflower wood according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cutting substrate is to mix 7 to 8 parts of yellow heart soil and 2 to 3 parts of fine sand and put them into a container cup middle.