CN103749129B - Method for asexually and rapidly propagating homalium hainanense - Google Patents
Method for asexually and rapidly propagating homalium hainanense Download PDFInfo
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- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种红花天料木无性快繁方法,包括种子采集、建立采穗圃、母株管理、采集插穗、扦插和扦插苗管理工序,选择优良健壮无病虫害的成熟树木作采种母树,采集种子进行常规催芽,移植于育苗畦上培育幼苗作为采穗圃,剪顶促萌,培育全木质化枝条作扦插穗条,将穗条扦插于已装好基质的容器杯内,培育扦插苗,获得优良健壮的红花天料木扦插苗。本发明的红花天料木无性快繁方法,使用扦插进行无性繁殖红花天料木,既使苗木保持母本原有的优良遗传性状,又能提供整齐出圃的大批量苗木,解决红花天料木大量发展良种短缺的问题,对加快红花天料木的造林发展以及人们生活对珍贵实木家具需求,具有非常重要意义。The invention discloses a method for asexual and rapid propagation of safflower chinensis, which comprises the steps of collecting seeds, establishing ear-picking gardens, managing mother plants, collecting cuttings, cuttings and cutting seedlings, and selecting good, robust, mature trees free from diseases and insect pests as mother trees for seed-collecting , collect seeds for conventional germination, transplant them on the nursery bed to cultivate seedlings as ear picking nursery, cut the top to promote germination, cultivate fully lignified branches as cutting scion, put the scion cutting into the container cup with the matrix installed, and cultivate the cutting seedlings , to obtain fine and strong cutting seedlings of safflower tianliao. The method for asexual rapid propagation of safflower wood in the present invention uses cuttings to asexually propagate safflower wood, so that the seedlings can maintain the original excellent genetic traits of the female parent, and can also provide a large number of seedlings that come out of the nursery neatly, solving the problem of safflower. The problem of the shortage of fine varieties of natural wood is of great significance to speed up the afforestation and development of safflower natural wood and the demand for precious solid wood furniture in people's life.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于植物栽培技术领域,涉及一种红花天料木无性快繁方法。 The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and relates to a method for rapid asexual propagation of safflower.
背景技术 Background technique
红花天料木(Homalium hainanense),天料木科天料木属常绿大乔木,又称母生,树高可达40米。适生于中国西南部至东部、特别是海南岛的珍贵用材树种,在广东其他地区、福建、广西等地引种,生长尚好,大部分地区已开花结实,红花天料木为常绿阔叶树,树体优美,树干通直,是一种适宜“四旁”栽种的优良绿化树种。幼龄稍耐庇荫,大树需光性强。木材红褐色,纹理通直,木质坚韧,纹理致密,有韧性,是造船、桥梁、枕材、家具、水工及细木工用材。红花天料木通常以播种繁育苗木,但其蒴果熟后易于脱落,种子3个月内失去生活力,发芽率极低,场圃发芽率只有30%左右,且种子繁育的后代易发生变异,苗木参差不齐。 Homalium hainanense (Homalium hainanense), Homalium hainanense, is an evergreen tree in the family Homalium hainanense. It is a precious timber tree species suitable for growing in the southwestern to eastern parts of China, especially Hainan Island. It has been introduced in other areas of Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi and other places. It grows well, and most of the areas have blossomed and fruited. The safflower is an evergreen broad-leaved tree. The tree has a beautiful body and a straight trunk. It is an excellent greening tree species suitable for planting "all around". It is slightly shade-tolerant when young, and large trees need strong light. The wood is reddish-brown, with straight texture, tough wood, dense texture and toughness. It is used for shipbuilding, bridges, pillows, furniture, hydraulic engineering and joinery. The safflower tree is usually seeded to breed seedlings, but its capsules are easy to fall off after ripening, the seeds lose their vitality within 3 months, the germination rate is extremely low, and the germination rate in the field is only about 30%, and the offspring of seed breeding are prone to variation , The seedlings are uneven.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明为了克服现有技术的不足,提供了一种成本低,发芽率高,利于保护和发展红花天料木的红花天料木无性快繁方法。 In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a low-cost, high germination rate, and beneficial to the protection and development of safflower chrysanthemum asexual rapid propagation method.
本发明的技术方案如下: Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种红花天料木无性快繁方法,包括种子采集、建立采穗圃、母株管理、采集插穗、扦插和扦插苗管理工序,选择优良健壮无病虫害的成熟树木作采种母树,采集种子进行常规催芽,移植于育苗畦上培育幼苗作为采穗圃,剪顶促萌,培育全木质化枝条作扦插穗条,将穗条扦插于已装好基质的容器杯内,培育扦插苗,获得优良健壮的红花天料木扦插苗;具体操作步骤如下: A method for asexual rapid propagation of safflower wood, comprising the steps of collecting seeds, establishing ear gardens, managing mother plants, collecting cuttings, cuttings and cutting seedling management, selecting good, strong, mature trees free from diseases and insect pests as mother trees for seed collection, and collecting seeds for Conventional germination, transplanted on the nursery bed to cultivate seedlings as ear picking nursery, cut the top to promote germination, cultivate fully lignified branches as cuttings, put the cuttings in the container cup with the substrate, and cultivate the cutting seedlings to obtain good and strong The cutting seedlings of safflower natural wood; the specific operation steps are as follows:
(1)种子采集:选择优良健壮无病虫害的成熟树木作采种母树,7月~8月或12月至翌年1月蒴果成熟时,采种果实,室内堆积至种壳腐软,用清水清冼干净,得到种子; (1) Seed collection: Select good, strong, mature trees without pests and diseases as the mother tree for seed collection. When the capsules are ripe from July to August or December to January of the next year, collect seeds and fruits, accumulate them indoors until the seed shells are soft, and wash them with clean water. , get the seed;
(2)建立采穗圃:将种子用65~75℃热水浸泡,待自然冷却后继续浸泡24h,播于干净的湿沙床上,盖上厚2~3cm的细沙,淋洒清水,盖65~75%遮荫度的遮荫网遮荫,期间保持合适的湿度;用过磷酸钙、垃圾处理肥与育苗地表土混合拌匀,起成育苗畦待用:待种子出芽有2对完全叶时,把小苗移栽至育苗畦上按规格栽植,种植时撒放常规使用的复合肥,栽后淋定根水,盖65~75%遮荫度的遮荫网遮荫; (2) Establish ear-picking nursery: soak the seeds in hot water at 65-75°C, continue to soak for 24 hours after natural cooling, sow them on a clean wet sand bed, cover with 2-3cm thick fine sand, sprinkle with water, cover Shade nets with 65% to 75% shading degree, and maintain appropriate humidity during the period; mix well with superphosphate, garbage disposal fertilizer and topsoil for seedling cultivation, and form seedling cultivation plots for use: when the seeds germinate, there are 2 pairs of complete seedlings. When leaves, transplant the seedlings to the nursery bed and plant according to the specifications, sprinkle conventionally used compound fertilizers during planting, pour root water after planting, and cover with a shading net with a shading degree of 65-75%;
(3)母株管理:种植30~35天后打开遮荫网接受全光照,间隔时间施肥;种植40~45天后,用利剪打顶促萌,按常规定期喷杀菌剂防病,有虫害时喷杀虫药杀虫; (3) Mother plant management: 30-35 days after planting, open the shading net to receive full light, and fertilize at intervals; 40-45 days after planting, top with sharp scissors to promote germination, and regularly spray fungicides to prevent diseases. Spray insecticide to kill insects;
(4)采集插穗:采集萌芽条作扦插插穗,修剪扦插插穗; (4) Collecting cuttings: collecting budding strips as cuttings and cuttings, and trimming cuttings;
(5)扦插:采用黄心土和细沙作为扦插基质,先将扦插基质装入扦插容器杯内,再将扦插容器杯置于扦插畦上,扦插前一天用质量浓度为2~5%的高锰酸钾对扦插畦进行消毒处理;把插穗下截口速蘸生长激素浆糊后插于扦插基质中,扦插深度为2.5~4cm,淋透定根水; (5) Cutting: Use yellow core soil and fine sand as the cutting substrate, first put the cutting substrate into the cutting container cup, then place the cutting container cup on the cutting border, and use permanganate with a mass concentration of 2 to 5% the day before cutting Potassium is used to disinfect the cutting border; the cuttings are dipped in the growth hormone paste and then inserted into the cutting matrix. The cutting depth is 2.5-4cm, and the rooting water is drenched;
(6)扦插苗管理:扦插后覆盖薄膜和遮荫网,薄膜和遮阴网的四周均用泥土密封,扦插床内空气湿度为85~95%,每隔7~10天打开薄膜和遮荫网换气、淋水、喷杀菌剂和叶面肥混合液,0.5h后重新密封薄膜和遮荫网;待插穗生根稳定后,把塑料薄膜掀开,继续遮荫,并于早11点之前,下午4点以后收拢遮荫网,让幼苗逐渐适应光照;待插穗长出3对新叶后即可掀开遮荫网,完全光照,然后每隔8~10天淋施一次质量浓度为0.4~0.8%的常规使用的复合肥水肥,防治病虫害,直至长成完整健壮的合格的红花天料木苗。 (6) Management of cutting seedlings: Cover with film and shade net after cutting, and seal the surroundings of film and shade net with soil, the air humidity in the cutting bed is 85-95%, open the film and shade every 7-10 days Ventilate the net, spray water, spray the mixture of fungicide and foliar fertilizer, and reseal the film and shade net after 0.5 hours; after the cuttings take root and stabilize, lift the plastic film and continue to shade, and the shading will be done before 11 o'clock in the morning. After 4:00 p.m., close the shading net to let the seedlings gradually adapt to the light; after the cuttings grow 3 pairs of new leaves, the shading net can be opened, fully illuminated, and then sprayed every 8 to 10 days with a mass concentration of 0.4 ~0.8% of conventionally used compound fertilizers and water fertilizers are used to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests until they grow into complete and robust qualified safflower seedlings.
以上所述的采种母树是选择种植25年以上,树干通直的成熟红花天料木优株。 The above-mentioned seed collection mother tree is to select to plant more than 25 years, the straight mature safflower natural wood excellent strain of trunk.
以上步骤(2)所述的育苗畦是先将采穗圃翻耕打碎,均匀撒上过磷酸钙100Kg/亩、垃圾处理肥200~300Kg/亩,与育苗地表土翻搅均匀,起成畦面宽为1m的育苗畦。 The nursery furrow described in the above step (2) is to plow and smash the ear-picking nursery first, evenly sprinkle superphosphate 100Kg/mu, garbage treatment fertilizer 200-300Kg/mu, and stir evenly with the surface soil of the seedling-raising ground to form Seedling beds with a width of 1m.
以上步骤(2)所述的栽植规格是小苗的株行距为15~20cm×25~30cm。 The planting specification described in the above step (2) is that the row spacing of the seedlings is 15-20cm×25-30cm.
以上步骤(2)所述的撒放常规使用的复合肥的方法是在种植时先在育苗畦上开行沟,开一行种植一行,行沟深10~20cm,按2g~4g/株的量把常规使用的复合肥均匀撒入行沟底,与土搅拌均匀,再覆土种植小苗,植后淋定根水。 The method of distributing conventionally used compound fertilizers described in the above step (2) is to open a row ditch on the seedling bed when planting, and plant a row in a row. The row ditch is 10-20cm deep, and the conventional The compound fertilizer used is evenly sprinkled into the bottom of the row ditch, stirred evenly with the soil, and then planted seedlings covered with soil, and drenched with root water after planting.
以上步骤(3)所述的施肥是种植15~18天后,行间淋施质量浓度为1.5~2.0%俄罗斯的复合肥水肥,以后每隔20天~25天行间淋施一次质量浓度为2.0~2.5%俄罗斯的复合肥水肥;每次采集穗条前10天喷施质量浓度为1~2%的磷酸二氢钾溶液促进穗条木质化;每次采集穗条后,行间淋施一次质量浓度为2.0~2.5%常规使用的复合肥水肥。 The fertilization described in the above step (3) is 15 to 18 days after planting, the mass concentration of 1.5 to 2.0% Russian compound fertilizer water and fertilizer is applied between the rows, and the mass concentration of 2.0 is applied between the rows every 20 to 25 days. ~2.5% Russian compound fertilizer and water fertilizer; Spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a mass concentration of 1-2% 10 days before each collection of cuttings to promote the lignification of cuttings; after each collection of cuttings, spray once between rows The mass concentration is 2.0-2.5% of conventionally used compound fertilizer water fertilizer.
以上所述的打顶促萌是保留从基部往上3~5对叶后,用利剪将其上部分完全剪掉。 The above-mentioned topping to promote germination is to keep 3 to 5 pairs of leaves from the base, and then use sharp scissors to completely cut off the upper part.
以上所述的扦插插穗是萌芽枝条长18~24cm,基部粗0.2~0.3cm完全木质化时,从萌芽枝基部剪下而得;所述的插穗修剪是在插穗的上部保留一半的叶子,下部的叶子全部剪去,下端离芽眼1cm处剪成斜口状。 The above-mentioned cutting cuttings are cut from the base of the budding branches when the sprouting branches are 18-24cm long and 0.2-0.3cm thick at the base when they are fully lignified; Cut off all the leaves, and cut the lower end 1cm away from the bud eye into an oblique shape.
以上所述的扦插基质是将黄心土7~8份和细沙2~3份拌匀装入容器杯中。 The above-mentioned cutting substrate is to mix 7 to 8 parts of yellow heart soil and 2 to 3 parts of fine sand and put them into a container cup.
相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下优点和有益效果: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1、本发明一种红花天料木无性快繁方法,使用扦插进行无性繁殖红花天料木,既使苗木保持母本原有的优良遗传性状,又能提供整齐出圃的大批量苗木,解决红花天料木大量发展良种短缺的问题,对加快红花天料木的造林发展以及人们生活对珍贵实木家具需求,具有非常重要意义。 1. A method for asexual and rapid propagation of safflower wood in the present invention uses cuttings to asexually propagate safflower wood, so that the seedlings can maintain the original excellent genetic traits of the female parent, and can provide a large number of seedlings that come out of the nursery neatly. Solving the problem of the shortage of fine varieties of safflower wood in large quantities is of great significance for accelerating the afforestation and development of safflower wood and the demand for precious solid wood furniture in people's lives.
2、本发明一种红花天料木无性快繁方法,适施有机基肥和追肥种植母株,使其生长快、萌芽多,提高繁殖系数,采集插穗前喷施叶面肥促其木质化,提高扦插成活率。 2. A method for asexual rapid propagation of safflower natural wood of the present invention is suitable for applying organic base fertilizer and topdressing to plant the mother plant to make it grow fast and have many germinations, improve the reproduction coefficient, and spray foliage fertilizer before collecting cuttings to promote its lignification , Improve the survival rate of cuttings.
3、本发明一种红花天料木无性快繁方法,扦插基质用黄心土与细沙混合,使基质疏松适中,既有一定的通透性又有一定的保水保肥能力,提高扦插成活率。 3. A method for asexual and rapid propagation of safflower wood in the present invention, the cutting substrate is mixed with yellow core soil and fine sand, so that the substrate is loose and moderate, has certain permeability and certain water and fertilizer retention ability, and improves the survival rate of cuttings .
4、本发明一种红花天料木无性快繁方法,具有繁殖速度快、方法简单、操作容易、成活率高的特点,保持优良遗传特性,具有较好的经济效益,社会效益和生态效益。 4. A method for asexual rapid propagation of safflower safflower in the present invention has the characteristics of fast propagation speed, simple method, easy operation and high survival rate, maintains excellent genetic characteristics, and has good economic, social and ecological benefits .
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.
实施例1: Example 1:
一种红花天料木无性快繁方法,选择种植25年,树干通直,优良健壮无病虫害的成熟红花天料木优株作采种母树,7月蒴果成熟时,采种果实,室内堆积至种壳腐软,用清水清冼干净,得到种子。将种子用65℃热水浸泡,待自然冷却后继续浸泡24h,播于干净的湿沙床上,盖上厚2cm的细沙,淋洒清水,盖65%遮荫度的遮荫网遮荫,期间保持合适的湿度。将采穗圃翻耕打碎,均匀撒上过磷酸钙100Kg/亩、垃圾处理肥200Kg/亩,与育苗地表土翻搅均匀,起成畦面宽为1m的育苗畦待用。待种子出芽有2对完全叶时,把小苗移栽至育苗畦上按小苗的株行距为15cm×25cm规格栽植,在种植时先在育苗畦上开行沟,开一行种植一行,行沟深10cm,按2g/株的量把常规使用的复合肥均匀撒入行沟底,与土搅拌均匀,再覆土种植小苗,植后淋定根水,盖65%遮荫度的遮荫网遮荫。 A method of asexual and rapid propagation of safflower safflower, which selects mature safflower safflower trees with straight trunks, excellent robustness, and no pests and diseases after planting for 25 years as the mother tree for seed collection. Seed husks are rotten and washed with clean water to obtain seeds. Soak the seeds in hot water at 65°C, and continue to soak for 24 hours after cooling naturally, sow them on a clean wet sand bed, cover with fine sand with a thickness of 2cm, sprinkle with clean water, and cover with a shading net with a shading degree of 65%. Maintain proper humidity during this period. Plow and smash the ear-picking nursery, evenly sprinkle superphosphate 100Kg/mu, garbage disposal fertilizer 200Kg/mu, and stir evenly with the surface soil for seedling raising, and form a seedling raising bed with a width of 1m for use. When the seeds germinate and have 2 pairs of complete leaves, transplant the seedlings to the nursery bed and plant them according to the row spacing of the seedlings at 15cm×25cm. Sprinkle conventionally used compound fertilizer into the bottom of the row ditch evenly at an amount of 2g/plant, mix it with the soil evenly, then cover the soil to plant seedlings, pour root water after planting, and cover with a shading net with a shading degree of 65%.
种植30天后打开遮荫网接受全光照,间隔时间施肥,即在种植15天后,行间淋施质量浓度为1.5%市场上购买到俄罗斯的复合肥水肥,以后每隔20天行间淋施一次质量浓度为2.0%市场上购买到俄罗斯的复合肥水肥;每次采集穗条前10天喷施质量浓度为1%的磷酸二氢钾溶液促进穗条木质化;每次采集穗条后,行间淋施一次质量浓度为2.0%常规使用的复合肥水肥。种植40天后,用利剪打顶促萌,是保留从基部往上3对叶后,用利剪将其上部分完全剪掉。按常规向母株定期喷杀菌剂防病,有虫害时喷杀虫药杀虫。 After 30 days of planting, open the shading net to receive full light, and fertilize at intervals, that is, after 15 days of planting, the mass concentration of the row-to-row spray is 1.5%. The compound fertilizer water and fertilizer purchased in Russia on the market will be sprayed between the rows every 20 days thereafter. The mass concentration is 2.0% and the compound fertilizer water fertilizer that buys Russia on the market; It is the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution of 1% to spray mass concentration 10 days before each collection of ear bar to promote the lignification of ear bar; Intermittent drench application of a mass concentration of 2.0% conventionally used compound fertilizer water and fertilizer. 40 days after planting, use sharp scissors to top and promote germination. After retaining 3 pairs of leaves from the base to the top, use sharp shears to completely cut off the upper part. Regularly spray fungicides to the mother plant to prevent diseases, and spray insecticides to kill insects when there are pests.
当萌芽枝条长18~20cm,基部粗0.2cm完全木质化时,从萌芽枝基部剪下作为扦插插穗;在插穗的上部保留一半的叶子,下部的叶子全部剪去,下端离芽眼1cm处剪成斜口状得到修剪后的扦插插穗。将黄心土7份和细沙2份拌匀得到扦插基质,先将扦插基质装入扦插容器杯内,再将扦插容器杯置于扦插畦上,扦插前一天用质量浓度为2%的高锰酸钾对扦插畦进行消毒处理;把扦插插穗下截口速蘸生长激素浆糊后插于扦插基质中,扦插深度为2.5cm,淋透定根水。 When the sprouting branches are 18-20cm long and the base is 0.2cm thick and completely lignified, cut them from the base of the sprouting branches as cuttings; keep half of the leaves on the upper part of the cuttings, cut off all the leaves on the lower part, and cut the lower end 1cm away from the bud eye. Cuttings and cuttings after pruning are obtained in oblique shape. Mix 7 parts of yellow heart soil and 2 parts of fine sand to get the cutting substrate, first put the cutting substrate into the cutting container cup, then place the cutting container cup on the cutting furrow, use potassium permanganate with a mass concentration of 2% the day before cutting Disinfect the cutting borders; dip the cutting edge of the cuttings into the growth hormone paste and insert them into the cutting matrix at a cutting depth of 2.5 cm, and drench them with rooting water.
扦插后覆盖薄膜和遮荫网,薄膜和遮阴网的四周均用泥土密封,扦插床内空气湿度为85%,每隔7天打开薄膜和遮荫网换气、淋水、喷杀菌剂和叶面肥混合液,0.5h后重新密封薄膜和遮荫网;待插穗生根稳定后,把塑料薄膜掀开,继续遮荫,并于早11点之前,下午4点以后收拢遮荫网,让幼苗逐渐适应光照;待插穗长出3对新叶后即可掀开遮荫网,完全光照,然后每隔8天淋施一次质量浓度为0.4%的常规使用的复合肥水肥,防治病虫害,直至长成完整健壮的合格的红花天料木苗。 Cover film and shading net after cutting, all around the film and shading net are sealed with soil, the air humidity in the cutting bed is 85%, open the film and shading net every 7 days for ventilation, watering, spraying fungicide and Foliage fertilizer mixture, re-seal the film and shade net after 0.5h; after the cuttings take root and stabilize, lift the plastic film and continue to shade, and close the shade net before 11:00 in the morning and after 4:00 in the afternoon to let the cuttings take root. The seedlings gradually adapt to the light; after the cuttings grow 3 pairs of new leaves, the shading net can be opened, and the light is fully illuminated, and then every 8 days, the compound fertilizer and water fertilizer that the mass concentration is 0.4% is routinely used, and the prevention and treatment of plant diseases and insect pests, until Grow into complete and strong qualified safflower seedlings.
实施例2: Example 2:
一种红花天料木无性快繁方法,选择种植27年,树干通直,优良健壮无病虫害的成熟红花天料木优株作采种母树,8月蒴果成熟时,采种果实,室内堆积至种壳腐软,用清水清冼干净,得到种子。将种子用70℃热水浸泡,待自然冷却后继续浸泡24h,播于干净的湿沙床上,盖上厚2cm的细沙,淋洒清水,盖70%遮荫度的遮荫网遮荫,期间保持合适的湿度。将采穗圃翻耕打碎,均匀撒上过磷酸钙100Kg/亩、垃圾处理肥200Kg/亩,与育苗地表翻搅均匀,起成畦面宽为1m的育苗畦待用。待种子出芽有2对完全叶时,把小苗移栽至育苗畦上按小苗的株行距为20cm×25cm规格栽植,在种植时先在育苗畦上开行沟,开一行种植一行,行沟深15cm,按2g/株的量把常规使用的复合肥均匀撒入行沟底,与土搅拌均匀,再覆土种植小苗,植后淋定根水,盖70%遮荫度的遮荫网遮荫。 A method of asexual and rapid propagation of safflower safflower, which selects mature safflower safflower trees with straight trunks, excellent robustness, and no pests and diseases after planting for 27 years as the mother tree for seed collection. Seed husks are rotten and washed with clean water to obtain seeds. Soak the seeds in hot water at 70°C, wait for natural cooling and continue to soak for 24 hours, sow them on a clean wet sand bed, cover with 2cm thick fine sand, sprinkle with clean water, and cover with a 70% shading net for shade. Maintain proper humidity during this period. Plow and smash the ear-picking nursery, evenly sprinkle 100Kg/mu of superphosphate and 200Kg/mu of garbage disposal fertilizer, stir evenly with the surface of the nursery, and form a nursery with a width of 1m for use. When the seeds germinate and have 2 pairs of complete leaves, transplant the seedlings to the nursery bed and plant them according to the row spacing of the seedlings at 20cm×25cm. Sprinkle conventionally used compound fertilizer into the bottom of the row ditch evenly at 2g/plant, mix with the soil evenly, then cover the soil to plant seedlings, pour root water after planting, and cover with 70% shading net for shade.
种植35天后打开遮荫网接受全光照,间隔时间施肥,即在种植15天后,行间淋施质量浓度为1.7%市场上购买到俄罗斯的复合肥水肥,以后每隔20天行间淋施一次质量浓度为2.0%市场上购买到俄罗斯的复合肥水肥;每次采集穗条前10天喷施质量浓度为1%的磷酸二氢钾溶液促进穗条木质化;每次采集穗条后,行间淋施一次质量浓度为2.0%常规使用的复合肥水肥。种植40天后,用利剪打顶促萌,是保留从基部往上4对叶后,用利剪将其上部分完全剪掉。按常规向母株定期喷杀菌剂防病,有虫害时喷杀虫药杀虫。 After 35 days of planting, open the shading net to receive full light, and fertilize at intervals, that is, after 15 days of planting, the mass concentration of the row-to-row spray is 1.7%. The compound fertilizer water and fertilizer purchased in Russia on the market will be sprayed between the rows every 20 days thereafter. The mass concentration is 2.0% and the compound fertilizer water fertilizer that buys Russia on the market; It is the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution of 1% to spray mass concentration 10 days before each collection of ear bar to promote the lignification of ear bar; Intermittent drench application of a mass concentration of 2.0% conventionally used compound fertilizer water and fertilizer. After 40 days of planting, use sharp scissors to top and promote germination. After retaining 4 pairs of leaves from the base to the top, use sharp shears to completely cut off the upper part. Regularly spray fungicides to the mother plant to prevent diseases, and spray insecticides to kill insects when there are pests.
当萌芽枝条长18~20cm,基部粗0.2cm完全木质化时,从萌芽枝基部剪下作为扦插插穗;在插穗的上部保留一半的叶子,下部的叶子全部剪去,下端离芽眼1cm处剪成斜口状得到修剪后的扦插插穗。将黄心土7份和细沙3份拌匀得到扦插基质,先将扦插基质装入扦插容器杯内,再将扦插容器杯置于扦插畦上,扦插前一天用质量浓度为3%的高锰酸钾对扦插畦进行消毒处理;把扦插插穗下截口速蘸生长激素浆糊后插于扦插基质中,扦插深度为3cm,淋透定根水。 When the sprouting branches are 18-20cm long and the base is 0.2cm thick and completely lignified, cut them from the base of the sprouting branches as cuttings; keep half of the leaves on the upper part of the cuttings, cut off all the leaves on the lower part, and cut the lower end 1cm away from the bud eye. Cuttings and cuttings after pruning are obtained in oblique shape. Mix 7 parts of yellow heart soil and 3 parts of fine sand to get the cutting substrate. First put the cutting substrate into the cutting container cup, then place the cutting container cup on the cutting border, and use potassium permanganate with a mass concentration of 3% the day before cutting Disinfect the cutting borders; dip the lower cut of the cuttings into the growth hormone paste and insert them into the cutting matrix at a cutting depth of 3 cm, and drench them with root-fixing water.
扦插后覆盖薄膜和遮荫网,薄膜和遮阴网的四周均用泥土密封,扦插床内空气湿度为90%,每隔8天打开薄膜和遮荫网换气、淋水、喷杀菌剂和叶面肥混合液,0.5h后重新密封薄膜和遮荫网;待插穗生根稳定后,把塑料薄膜掀开,继续遮荫,并于早11点之前,下午4点以后收拢遮荫网,让幼苗逐渐适应光照;待插穗长出3对新叶后即可掀开遮荫网,完全光照,然后每隔9天淋施一次质量浓度为0.5%的常规使用的复合肥水肥,防治病虫害,直至长成完整健壮的合格的红花天料木苗。 Cover film and shading net after cutting, all around the film and shading net are sealed with soil, the air humidity in the cutting bed is 90%, open the film and shading net every 8 days for ventilation, watering, spraying fungicide and Foliage fertilizer mixture, re-seal the film and shade net after 0.5h; after the cuttings take root and stabilize, lift the plastic film and continue to shade, and close the shade net before 11:00 in the morning and after 4:00 in the afternoon to let the cuttings take root. The seedlings gradually adapt to the light; after the cuttings grow 3 pairs of new leaves, the shading net can be opened, fully illuminated, and then every 9 days, the compound fertilizer and water fertilizer that is 0.5% in mass concentration are used to prevent and control pests and diseases until Grow into complete and strong qualified safflower seedlings.
实施例3: Example 3:
一种红花天料木无性快繁方法,选择种植30年,树干通直,优良健壮无病虫害的成熟红花天料木优株作采种母树,12月蒴果成熟时,采种果实,室内堆积至种壳腐软,用清水清冼干净,得到种子。将种子用70℃热水浸泡,待自然冷却后继续浸泡24h,播于干净的湿沙床上,盖上厚3cm的细沙,淋洒清水,盖75%遮荫度的遮荫网遮荫,期间保持合适的湿度。将采穗圃翻耕打碎,均匀撒上过磷酸钙100Kg/亩、垃圾处理肥300Kg/亩,与育苗地表翻搅均匀,起成畦面宽为1m的育苗畦待用。待种子出芽有2对完全叶时,把小苗移栽至育苗畦上按小苗的株行距为15cm×30cm规格栽植,在种植时先在育苗畦上开行沟,开一行种植一行,行沟深15cm,按4g/株的量把常规使用的复合肥均匀撒入行沟底,与土搅拌均匀,再覆土种植小苗,植后淋定根水,盖75%遮荫度的遮荫网遮荫。 A method of asexual and rapid propagation of safflower safflower, which selects mature safflower safflower trees with straight trunks, excellent robustness, and no pests and diseases after planting for 30 years as the mother tree for seed collection. Seed husks are rotten and washed with clean water to obtain seeds. Soak the seeds in hot water at 70°C, wait for natural cooling and continue to soak for 24 hours, sow them on a clean wet sand bed, cover with 3cm thick fine sand, sprinkle with clean water, and cover with a 75% shading net for shade. Maintain proper humidity during this period. Plow and smash the ear-picking nursery, evenly sprinkle 100Kg/mu of superphosphate and 300Kg/mu of garbage disposal fertilizer, stir evenly with the surface of the seedling-raising ground, and form a seedling-raising border with a width of 1m for use. When the seeds germinate and have 2 pairs of complete leaves, transplant the seedlings to the nursery bed and plant them according to the row spacing of the seedlings at 15cm×30cm. Sprinkle conventionally used compound fertilizer into the bottom of the row ditch evenly at the amount of 4g/plant, mix with the soil evenly, then cover the soil to plant seedlings, pour root water after planting, and cover with a 75% shading net for shade.
种植35天后打开遮荫网接受全光照,间隔时间施肥,即在种植16天后,行间淋施质量浓度为1.8%市场上购买到俄罗斯的复合肥水肥,以后每隔22天行间淋施一次质量浓度为2.3%市场上购买到俄罗斯的复合肥水肥;每次采集穗条前10天喷施质量浓度为2%的磷酸二氢钾溶液促进穗条木质化;每次采集穗条后,行间淋施一次质量浓度为2.3%常规使用的复合肥水肥。种植45天后,用利剪打顶促萌,是保留从基部往上5对叶后,用利剪将其上部分完全剪掉。按常规向母株定期喷杀菌剂防病,有虫害时喷杀虫药杀虫。 After 35 days of planting, open the shading net to receive full light, and fertilize at intervals, that is, after 16 days of planting, the mass concentration of the row-to-row spray is 1.8%. The compound fertilizer water and fertilizer purchased in Russia on the market will be sprayed between the rows every 22 days thereafter. The mass concentration is 2.3% and the compound fertilizer water fertilizer that buys Russia on the market; It is the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution of 2% to spray mass concentration 10 days before each collection of ear bar to promote the lignification of ear bar; A mass concentration of 2.3% conventionally used compound fertilizer and water fertilizer was applied by drenching once. After 45 days of planting, use sharp scissors to top and promote germination. After keeping 5 pairs of leaves from the base up, use sharp shears to completely cut off the upper part. Regularly spray fungicides to the mother plant to prevent diseases, and spray insecticides to kill insects when there are pests.
当萌芽枝条长20~22cm,基部粗0.3cm完全木质化时,从萌芽枝基部剪下作为扦插插穗;在插穗的上部保留一半的叶子,下部的叶子全部剪去,下端离芽眼1cm处剪成斜口状得到修剪后的扦插插穗。将黄心土8份和细沙2份拌匀得到扦插基质,先将扦插基质装入扦插容器杯内,再将扦插容器杯置于扦插畦上,扦插前一天用质量浓度为4%的高锰酸钾对扦插畦进行消毒处理;把扦插插穗下截口速蘸生长激素浆糊后插于扦插基质中,扦插深度为3.5cm,淋透定根水。 When the sprouting branches are 20-22cm long and 0.3cm thick at the base and completely lignified, cut them from the base of the sprouting branches as cuttings; keep half of the leaves on the top of the cuttings, cut off all the leaves on the lower part, and cut the lower end 1cm away from the bud eye. Cuttings and cuttings after pruning are obtained in oblique shape. Mix 8 parts of yellow heart soil and 2 parts of fine sand to obtain the cutting substrate. First put the cutting substrate into the cutting container cup, then place the cutting container cup on the cutting border, and use potassium permanganate with a mass concentration of 4% the day before cutting Disinfect the cutting borders; dip the cutting edge of the cuttings into the growth hormone paste and insert them into the cutting matrix at a cutting depth of 3.5 cm, and drench them with root-fixing water.
扦插后覆盖薄膜和遮荫网,薄膜和遮阴网的四周均用泥土密封,扦插床内空气湿度为95%,每隔9天打开薄膜和遮荫网换气、淋水、喷杀菌剂和叶面肥混合液,0.5h后重新密封薄膜和遮荫网;待插穗生根稳定后,把塑料薄膜掀开,继续遮荫,并于早11点之前,下午4点以后收拢遮荫网,让幼苗逐渐适应光照;待插穗长出3对新叶后即可掀开遮荫网,完全光照,然后每隔9天淋施一次质量浓度为0.6%的常规使用的复合肥水肥,防治病虫害,直至长成完整健壮的合格的红花天料木苗。 Cover film and shading net after cutting, all around the film and shading net are sealed with soil, the air humidity in the cutting bed is 95%, open the film and shading net every 9 days for ventilation, watering, spraying fungicide and Foliage fertilizer mixture, re-seal the film and shade net after 0.5h; after the cuttings take root and stabilize, lift the plastic film and continue to shade, and close the shade net before 11:00 in the morning and after 4:00 in the afternoon to let the cuttings take root. The seedlings gradually adapt to the light; after the cuttings grow 3 pairs of new leaves, the shading net can be opened, and the light is fully illuminated, and then every 9 days, the compound fertilizer and water fertilizer that the mass concentration is 0.6% is routinely used, and the prevention and treatment of plant diseases and insect pests, until Grow into complete and strong qualified safflower seedlings.
实施例4: Example 4:
一种红花天料木无性快繁方法,选择种植32年,树干通直,优良健壮无病虫害的成熟红花天料木优株作采种母树,翌年1月蒴果成熟时,采种果实,室内堆积至种壳腐软,用清水清冼干净,得到种子。将种子用75℃热水浸泡,待自然冷却后继续浸泡24h,播于干净的湿沙床上,盖上厚3cm的细沙,淋洒清水,盖75%遮荫度的遮荫网遮荫,期间保持合适的湿度。将采穗圃翻耕打碎,均匀撒上过磷酸钙100Kg/亩、垃圾处理肥300Kg/亩,与育苗地表翻搅均匀,起成畦面宽为1m的育苗畦待用。待种子出芽有2对完全叶时,把小苗移栽至育苗畦上按小苗的株行距为20cm×30cm规格栽植,在种植时先在育苗畦上开行沟,开一行种植一行,行沟深20cm,按4g/株的量把常规使用的复合肥均匀撒入行沟底,与土搅拌均匀,再覆土种植小苗,植后淋定根水,盖75%遮荫度的遮荫网遮荫。 A method of asexual and rapid propagation of safflower chrysanthemum. Select the mature safflower safflower tree with straight trunk, good quality, robustness and no pests and diseases after planting for 32 years as the mother tree for seed collection. When the capsules mature in January of the next year, the seeds are collected and the fruit is piled up indoors. Until the seed husk becomes soft, wash it with clean water to obtain the seeds. Soak the seeds in hot water at 75°C, wait for natural cooling and continue to soak for 24 hours, sow them on a clean wet sand bed, cover with 3cm thick fine sand, sprinkle with clean water, and cover with a 75% shading net for shade. Maintain proper humidity during this period. Plow and smash the ear-picking nursery, evenly sprinkle 100Kg/mu of superphosphate and 300Kg/mu of garbage disposal fertilizer, stir evenly with the surface of the nursery, and form a nursery with a width of 1m for use. When the seeds germinate and have 2 pairs of complete leaves, transplant the seedlings to the nursery bed and plant them according to the row spacing of the seedlings at 20cm×30cm. Sprinkle conventionally used compound fertilizer into the bottom of the row ditch evenly at the amount of 4g/plant, mix with the soil evenly, then cover the soil to plant seedlings, pour root water after planting, and cover with a 75% shading net for shade.
种植35天后打开遮荫网接受全光照,间隔时间施肥,即在种植18天后,行间淋施质量浓度为2.0%市场上购买到俄罗斯的复合肥水肥,以后每隔25天行间淋施一次质量浓度为2.5%市场上购买到俄罗斯的复合肥水肥;每次采集穗条前10天喷施质量浓度为2%的磷酸二氢钾溶液促进穗条木质化;每次采集穗条后,行间淋施一次质量浓度为2.5%常规使用的复合肥水肥。种植45天后,用利剪打顶促萌,是保留从基部往上5对叶后,用利剪将其上部分完全剪掉。按常规向母株定期喷杀菌剂防病,有虫害时喷杀虫药杀虫。 After 35 days of planting, open the shading net to accept full light, and fertilize at intervals, that is, after 18 days of planting, the mass concentration of the row-to-row spray is 2.0%. The compound fertilizer water and fertilizer purchased in Russia on the market will be sprayed between the rows every 25 days thereafter. The mass concentration is 2.5% and the compound fertilizer water fertilizer that buys Russia on the market; It is the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution of 2% to spray mass concentration 10 days before each collection of ear bar to promote the lignification of ear bar; The compound fertilizer water and fertilizer that the mass concentration is 2.5% conventionally used is applied once in between. After 45 days of planting, use sharp scissors to top and promote germination. After keeping 5 pairs of leaves from the base up, use sharp shears to completely cut off the upper part. Regularly spray fungicides to the mother plant to prevent diseases, and spray insecticides to kill insects when there are pests.
当萌芽枝条长22~24cm,基部粗0.3cm完全木质化时,从萌芽枝基部剪下作为扦插插穗;在插穗的上部保留一半的叶子,下部的叶子全部剪去,下端离芽眼1cm处剪成斜口状得到修剪后的扦插插穗。将黄心土8份和细沙3份拌匀得到扦插基质,先将扦插基质装入扦插容器杯内,再将扦插容器杯置于扦插畦上,扦插前一天用质量浓度为5%的高锰酸钾对扦插畦进行消毒处理;把扦插插穗下截口速蘸生长激素浆糊后插于扦插基质中,扦插深度为4cm,淋透定根水。 When the sprouting branches are 22-24cm long and the base is 0.3cm thick and completely lignified, cut them from the base of the sprouting branches as cuttings; keep half of the leaves on the upper part of the cuttings, cut off all the leaves on the lower part, and cut the lower end 1cm away from the bud eye. Cuttings and cuttings after pruning are obtained in oblique shape. Mix 8 parts of yellow heart soil and 3 parts of fine sand to get the cutting substrate, first put the cutting substrate into the cutting container cup, then place the cutting container cup on the cutting furrow, use potassium permanganate with a mass concentration of 5% the day before cutting Disinfect the cutting borders; dip the lower cuttings of the cuttings into the growth hormone paste and insert them into the cutting matrix at a cutting depth of 4 cm, and drench them with root-fixing water.
扦插后覆盖薄膜和遮荫网,薄膜和遮阴网的四周均用泥土密封,扦插床内空气湿度为95%,每隔10天打开薄膜和遮荫网换气、淋水、喷杀菌剂和叶面肥混合液,0.5h后重新密封薄膜和遮荫网;待插穗生根稳定后,把塑料薄膜掀开,继续遮荫,并于早11点之前,下午4点以后收拢遮荫网,让幼苗逐渐适应光照;待插穗长出3对新叶后即可掀开遮荫网,完全光照,然后每隔10天淋施一次质量浓度为0.8%的常规使用的复合肥水肥,防治病虫害,直至长成完整健壮的合格的红花天料木苗。 Cover film and shading net after cutting, all around the film and shading net are sealed with soil, the air humidity in the cutting bed is 95%, open the film and shading net every 10 days for ventilation, watering, spraying fungicide and Foliage fertilizer mixture, re-seal the film and shade net after 0.5h; after the cuttings take root and stabilize, lift the plastic film and continue to shade, and close the shade net before 11:00 in the morning and after 4:00 in the afternoon to let the cuttings take root. The seedlings gradually adapt to the light; after the cuttings grow 3 pairs of new leaves, the shading net can be lifted, and the light is fully illuminated, and then every 10 days, the compound fertilizer and water fertilizer with a mass concentration of 0.8% are routinely used to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests. Grow into complete and strong qualified safflower seedlings.
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