CN104350914B

CN104350914B - Facility grafting jujube seedling early spring transplants method of keeping a full stand of seedings

Info

Publication number: CN104350914B
Application number: CN201410577029.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谢淑琴; 王姣敏; 马彦霞; 曹力强; 张旦
Original assignee: DINGXI CITY ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Current assignee: DINGXI CITY ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Priority date: 2014-10-24
Filing date: 2014-10-24
Publication date: 2017-06-06
Anticipated expiration: 2034-10-24
Also published as: CN104350914A

Abstract

The present invention disclose a kind of facility grafting jujube seedling early spring and transplants method of keeping a full stand of seedings, and belongs to plant seedling technical field of cultivation.The method comprises the step of sterilization treatment, wakens root system treatment, Bao Genbao treatment, field planting cave-applied fertilizer, planting seedlings and temperature control management.Compared with prior art, the method improves 15.38% than the keep a full stand of seedings survival rate of technology of common field planting, and is advanced by the germinating time 5~10 days of jujube tree.The present invention is transplanted before the jujube tree seedling budding period, keep a full stand of seedings with reference to multiple technologies measure, both the germination percentage of jujube tree seedling had been shifted to an earlier date and had promoted, ensure and improve the survival rate of jujube seedling again, broken because spring transplants jujube tree too early and caused by the too low established practice of survival rate, be that facility early spring jujube tree seedling grows vigorously and lays a good foundation.The field planting that the composite can be widely applied to the seedling such as fruit tree, forest is kept a full stand of seedings.

Description

Facility grafting jujube seedling early spring transplants method of keeping a full stand of seedings

Technical field

The invention belongs to plant seedling technical field of cultivation, it is related to engration seedling transplanting to keep a full stand of seedings technology, specifically relates to And a kind of facility grafting jujube seedling early spring transplants method of keeping a full stand of seedings.

Background technology

Traditional jujube tree seedling transplanting often results in a large amount of nursery stock dehydrations and damages, and causes survival rate not high, occurs after field planting dead Seedling, it is short of seedling, grows the phenomenon such as unhealthy and strong.With the accumulation of practical experience and the development of modern agriculture science and technology, jujube tree seedling The method of transplanting reaches its maturity.

The general key element of existing jujube tree seedling transplanting technology includes：(1) suitable soil is selected, in illumination abundance, soil fertilizer Fertile, soil layer is deep, it is best to grow on well-drained neutral, acid soil, avoid soil glue reset pour water it is bad, have the viscous of ponding Planted on heavy soil；(2) healthy and strong breeding nursery stock is selected, and stock grafting position is low, and rugosity reaches 1cm at grafting part above 10cm More than, newborn root system enriches, and fibrous root is more, and seedling stem is healthy and strong upright, without jujube witches broom and other pest and disease damages；(3) nursery stock sufficient water is kept Point, plant percent with moisture loss Degree of Accord Relation closely, to keep nursery stock moisture sufficient, plays the timely sparse branching of after seedling and does surely, side Lifting, side bundling, covering, carries out moist keeping measures in time in transportation, moisture evaporation is reduced as far as possible, while in a planned way adjusting Seedling, lifting, fortune seedling, as far as possible shorten the nursery stock resting period, it is to avoid nursery stock transport for long-distance, if it find that root skin shrinkage be dehydrated, should and When with clear water soak more than 24h, after jujube seedling to be drained off supplies moisture, then transplanted, plant percent can be effectively improved；⑷ Ensure intact seedling root, 5d fills nursery lot permeable 1 time before transplanting, and nursery stock is suctioned moisture, is both easy to lifting, reduce again Damage to root system.Rotten, crack root are cut off before cultivation, long root system reduces wound area as far as possible, and clip is downward, hinders with profit Mouth healing and generation new root；(5) determine the optimal plant time, although spring and autumn can transplant, but take root because of jujube tree, germinate It is required that temperature it is higher, and jujube tree germination evening, do not advocated in actual production the autumn cultivation, based on spring seedling, under equal conditions, the spring Budding period in season transplants, and survival rate is very high, and now resin has flowed, and tree body starts growth, and injured root system easily recovers regeneration, underground Overground part is arrived in transport to portion's nutrients help in time, it is easy to survived, if spring transplants too early, trunk meeting dehydration is excessive, and root system is difficult to supplement, Influence is survived；(6) reasonable employment plant growth regulator, plant metabolism intensity is adjusted with root-inducing powder, and inducing adventitious root is formed, and is promoted Enter root system development, seedling-slowing stage can be shortened, improve the surrival rate of afforestation, 24h is soaked with content 100mg/kg root-inducing powders before plant, or 200mg/kg root-inducing powders soak 4~8h, wet use high-quality plant ash is taken advantage of after taking-up and beats mud, and the potassium in plant ash can improve the anti-of root Property, the activity of some enzymes in activation root, so as to be conducive to taking root；(7) it is correct to hold fertilization type and dose, it is colonized then, jujube Tree less, can apply 3~5kg/ of farmyard manure plants, and be sufficiently stirred for the mellow soil of backfill to fertilizer demand amount typically before cultivation It is even, urea, freshly-slaughtered poultry excrement or fresh night soil can't be directly applied in hole, in order to avoid root system of burning, also can be in the tree well for having dug in advance A millet is inside put, because millet can hold on to common jujube root after being germinateed in tree well, trunk shake is reduced, is conducive to new root Grow, in addition, rice sprout is alternatively arranged as the nutrition of jujube tree new root development after rotting, improve jujube tree survival rate；(8) it is correct Plant nursery stock, in nonirrigated farmland plant, tree well should not dig too early, excessive, and the depth of plant is suitable, typically should be deeper by one than former position A bit, it is advisable with burying grafting part, is transplanted too deep, tree vigo(u)r is not prosperous, transplants shallow, then easily lodge and wither and be dry, and grafting portion Position is exposed, and stock easily sprouts newborn branch, is increased except workload is sprouted, while easy consumption tree nutrient and moisture, should relax during plant Exhibition root system, should not nest root, it is vertical straight after insert table soil or be mixed with the soil of farmyard manure, then trunk is gently carried it is several under, make soil and root system Contiguity, and with banketing with being treaded and being poured water with foot-operated layering after, cover one layer again above and loosen the soil.It is conditional, can be in tree disk surrounding 80~100cm of covering²Mulch film, is preserved soil moisture with accumulation of heat, improves ground temperature, promotes root system healing；Rational Determination do, rise after seedling, it is necessary to and Shi Jinhang does surely, wipes out all of Secondary Branch, and to reduce the evaporation of tree body moisture and the consumption of nutriment, heading height wants root According to irrigation conditions, it is good to pour water condition, 60~70cm of heading height；Pour water condition general, 40~50cm of heading height waters Condition difference, 20~30cm of heading height, clip must be smoothed slightly tiltedly, and clip is away from general 1cm in bud position or so, excessive clip Should apply oil, wax, sealed；(10) carry out Tending measures in good time, strengthen new cultivation nursery stock tending management work, loosen the soil in time Weeding, eliminates weeds to save nutrient, and germination stimulation new root strengthens tree body drought-resistant ability, before field planting treelet management then is divided into In two periods of phase and later stage, treelet prophase management loosens the soil in time, weeding, water drainage, drought resisting, bud picking, pinching, promotes nursery stock to recover prosperous Growth is contained, final-period management should control rich water, and rational pruning, control young sprout extension adjusts trunk infusion, reduces disease, promotes tree It is dry constantly to increase thick and lignifying, it is that treelet safe overwintering creates good conditions；(11) tree disk is stopped, and because jujube tree germination is slow, fallen leaves are early, Branch is sparse, and growth period in year is short, can rationally interplant the short bar crops such as beans, peanut, is comforted with ploughing generation, extremely has to sapling up-growth Profit, while can also raise short-long, increases orchard economic benefit, but must stop tree disk, about 100~150cm, if tree disk Small, interculture mutually fights for moisture with jujube seedling, and because absorption function is weak, growth can be subject to shadow to the jujube seedling that root system does not recover completely Ring, at the same because in crop ventilation and penetrating light it is poor, easily cause vexed seedling, unfavorable Survival rate of nursery stock.

Existing jujube tree seedling transplanting technical requirements are transplanted to improve survival rate in the budding period in spring, now resin flowing, tree Body starts growth, injured root regeneration regeneration meeting demand large quantity of moisture and nutrition, it is necessary to which underground part nutrition and Water Transportation are arrived Overground part, but apply a small amount of farmyard manure to not burn root system during transplanting, along with jujube tree root system is less, so that jujube tree The moisture and nutrient requirement amount that normal development growth and the condition of the injury are recovered are more than jujube tree root supply, and jujube tree seedling is opened in bud Phase shortage nutriment is put, the phenomenons such as seedling is dead, bud is withered, bud growth is not healthy and strong occur, therefore, although existing method improves in transplanting time The possibility for surviving, but jujube tree subsequent growth can be caused to develop unhealthy and strong phenomenon generation.

The content of the invention

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of facility grafting jujube seedling early spring Method of keeping a full stand of seedings is transplanted, compared with prior art, the present invention is transplanted before the jujube tree seedling budding period, is kept a full stand of seedings with reference to multiple technologies measure, Both ensured and improve survival rate, the germinating time of jujube tree seedling had been advanced by again, broken because spring transplants jujube tree too early and caused by The too low established practice of survival rate.

To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved using following technical scheme：

Facility grafting jujube seedling early spring transplants keep a full stand of seedings method, including step in detail below：

(1) sterilization treatment：After early spring thaws, 3 are pressed with 5% copperas solution and clarification limewash：2 volume ratio Liquid is made after mixing, soil, 0.4~0.6kg/m of liquid consumption is processed², take Rational Determination it is dry after jujube tree seedling with 1.5~ 2.5% liquor potassic permanganate soaks 15~25min of root and sheared edge；

(2) root system treatment is wakened：After jujube tree seedling is taken out from potassium permanganate liquid, with the high-pressure electrostatic that intensity is 20KV/cm 30~45min of field treatment, root immersion wakens 8~10h in liquid, and root and sheared edge immersion clear water are diluted into urging after 1 times Clear water is immersed 3~5 days in 12~24h in awake liquid, root, and the described liquid that wakens is:EM bacterium stostes 1ml/L+GA₃400mg/L+ 6-BA40mg/L；

(3) Bao Genbao heads：10~12h is soaked with 100mg/kg root-inducing powders before transplanting, field planting jujube tree seedling clip is dipped in wax Sealing, root is dipped in the sposh water containing starch grafted acrylate and plant ash, then entangles root with big polybag Portion, is tightened, and 3~5 apertures are pricked on polybag, is fitted into Nylon Bag, then transports field planting ground to；

(4) cave-applied fertilizer is colonized：Length and width, the deep bar shaped cave for being 80cm are dug along greenhouse south-north direction, 15cm is put in cave thick Maize straw, put one layer of soil on stalk, then the base fertilizer of 5kg~8kg is put into below field planting tree, described base fertilizer is：Become thoroughly decomposed 4~7kg of chicken manure, 0.5~0.8kg of bentonite, 0.2~0.4kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01~0.05kg of ammonium molybdate, root-inducing powder 0.01~0.025kg, 1~3ml of EM bacterium stostes, 0.002~0.005kg of brown sugar, 0.2~0.3kg of water；

(5) planting seedlings：Nursery stock is put into planting pit during plant, is all around alignd, when burying soil to 2/3 for cheating, by seedling Gently it is lifted up, unfolds root system, so that root system and soil touch, is treaded with foot-operated layering with banketing.Then subsoil handle is used Hole envelope is flat, and does a water channel, fully pours water, after oozing under water, in tree disk surrounding covering 80cm²Unregistered land film, is preserved soil moisture with accumulation of heat, is carried High-geotemperature, promotes root system healing；

(6) temperature control management：Lid heat holding curtain on daytime, evening is taken to take off the mode of heat holding curtain, room temperature is 18~20 in control facility DEG C, ground temperature changes lid sunshade net at 10~12 DEG C after covering 12 days, and in the morning 10:00~16:Sunshade between 00, takes down after 10 days Sunshade net, at this moment jujube tree all germinations.

Described starch grafted acrylate is water-loss reducer.

The starch grafted acrylate quality contained in described sposh water is the 0.2~0.4% of sposh water, vegetation grey matter Measure is the 4~8% of sposh water.

Described polybag aperture can be used toothpick to prick hole.

Described maize straw is the strand shape maize straw of 3~4mm of length, and its water content is 15~20%.

Beneficial effects of the present invention：(1) technology compared with prior art, is kept a full stand of seedings than common field planting using transplanting of the invention The survival rate of technology improves 15.38%, and is advanced by germinating time 5-10 days of jujube tree；(2) the present invention is in the jujube tree seedling budding period Preceding transplanting, keeps a full stand of seedings with reference to multiple technologies measure, has both shifted to an earlier date and promoted the germination percentage of jujube tree seedling, ensures and improve jujube seedling again Survival rate, broken because spring transplants jujube tree too early and caused by the too low established practice of survival rate, be the facility healthy and strong life of early spring jujube tree seedling Length is laid a good foundation；(3) the field planting that the composite can be widely applied to the seedling such as fruit tree, forest is kept a full stand of seedings.

Specific embodiment

Embodiment

A kind of facility grafting jujube seedling early spring transplants keep a full stand of seedings method, including step in detail below：

(1) sterilization treatment：After early spring thaws, 3 are pressed with 5% copperas solution and clarification limewash：2 volume ratio Liquid is made after mixing, soil, liquid consumption 0.5kg/m is processed², take the jujube tree seedling after Rational Determination is done molten with 2% potassium permanganate Immersion steeps root and sheared edge 20min；

(2) root system treatment is wakened：After jujube tree seedling is taken out from potassium permanganate liquid, with the high-pressure electrostatic that intensity is 20KV/cm Treatment 35min, root immersion wakens 8h in liquid, root and sheared edge immersion clear water is diluted and waken liquid after 1 times Clear water is immersed 4 days in 24h, root, and the described liquid that wakens is:EM bacterium stostes 1ml/L+GA₃400mg/L+6-BA40mg/L；

(3) Bao Genbao heads：12h is soaked with 100mg/kg root-inducing powders before transplanting, field planting jujube tree seedling clip is dipped into envelope in wax Mouthful, root is dipped in the sposh water containing starch grafted acrylate and plant ash, root then is entangled with big polybag, Tighten, 4 apertures are pricked on polybag, be fitted into Nylon Bag, then transport field planting ground to；

(4) cave-applied fertilizer is colonized：Length and width, the deep bar shaped cave for being 80cm are dug along greenhouse south-north direction, 15cm is put in cave thick Maize straw, put one layer of soil on stalk, then the base fertilizer of 6.2kg is put into below field planting tree, described base fertilizer is：The chicken become thoroughly decomposed Excrement 5kg, bentonite 0.6kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3kg, ammonium molybdate 0.03kg, root-inducing powder 0.015kg, EM bacterium stoste 2ml, brown sugar 0.003kg, water 0.25kg；

Above-described embodiment is preferred embodiment, is further illustrating of being made to the present invention, but this should not be interpreted as into this The scope for inventing above-mentioned theme is only limitted to above-described embodiment, and all technologies realized based on the above belong to model of the invention Enclose.

Experimental example

By common budding period in spring method for transplanting group as a comparison, the transplanting of the invention used with embodiment is kept a full stand of seedings method It is tested.

Experiment finds that it is 92.78% to use method survival rate of keeping a full stand of seedings of transplanting of the invention, common field planting method survival rate 77.40%, 15.38% is improve using method survival rate of keeping a full stand of seedings of transplanting of the invention, and be advanced by the germinating time 5 of jujube tree ~10 days.

Claims

1. a kind of facility grafting jujube seedling early spring transplanting is kept a full stand of seedings method, it is characterised in that：Including step in detail below：

(1) sterilization treatment：After early spring thaws, 3 are pressed with 5% copperas solution and clarification limewash：2 volume ratio mixing After be made liquid, process soil, 0.4~0.6kg/m of liquid consumption², take the jujube tree seedling after Rational Determination is done high with 1.5~2.5% Potassium manganate solution soaks 15~25min of root and sheared edge；

(2) root system treatment is wakened：It is at the high-voltage electrostatic field of 20KV/cm with intensity after jujube tree seedling is taken out from potassium permanganate liquid 30~45min of reason, root immersion wakens 8~10h in liquid, and root and sheared edge immersion clear water are diluted into the analeptic after 1 times Clear water is immersed 3~5 days in 12~24h in liquid, root, and the described liquid that wakens is:EM bacterium stostes 1ml/L+GA₃400mg/L+6- BA40mg/L；

(3) Bao Genbao heads：10~12h is soaked with 100mg/kg root-inducing powders before transplanting, field planting jujube tree seedling clip is dipped into envelope in wax Mouthful, root is dipped in the sposh water containing starch grafted acrylate and plant ash, root then is entangled with big polybag, Tighten, 3~5 apertures are pricked on polybag, be fitted into Nylon Bag, then transport field planting ground to；

(4) cave-applied fertilizer is colonized：Length and width, the deep bar shaped cave for being 80cm are dug along greenhouse south-north direction, the thick jade of 15cm is put in cave Rice stalk, puts one layer of soil on stalk, then the base fertilizer of 5kg~8kg is put into below field planting tree, and described base fertilizer is：The chicken become thoroughly decomposed 4~7kg of excrement, 0.5~0.8kg of bentonite, 0.2~0.4kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01~0.05kg of ammonium molybdate, root-inducing powder 0.01 ~0.025kg, 1~3ml of EM bacterium stostes, 0.002~0.005kg of brown sugar, 0.2~0.3kg of water；

(5) planting seedlings：Nursery stock is put into planting pit during plant, is all around alignd, when burying soil to 2/3 for cheating, by seedling gently It is lifted up, unfolds root system, so that root system and soil touch, treaded with foot-operated layering with banketing, hole is sealed with subsoil then It is flat, and a water channel is done, fully pour water, after oozing under water, in tree disk surrounding covering 80cm²Unregistered land film, is preserved soil moisture with accumulation of heat, improves ground Temperature, promotes root system healing；

(6) temperature control management：Take lid heat holding curtain on daytime, evening to take off the mode of heat holding curtain, in control facility room temperature at 18~20 DEG C, Ground temperature changes lid sunshade net at 10~12 DEG C after covering 12 days, and in the morning 10:00~16:Sunshade between 00, sunshade is taken down after 10 days Net, at this moment jujube tree all germinations.

2. a kind of facility grafting jujube seedling early spring transplants method of keeping a full stand of seedings as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described sposh The starch grafted acrylate quality contained in water for sposh water 0.2~0.4%, plant ash quality for sposh water 4~ 8%, described starch grafted acrylate is water-loss reducer.

3. a kind of facility grafting jujube seedling early spring transplants method of keeping a full stand of seedings as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described plastics Bag aperture pricks hole using toothpick.

4. a kind of facility grafting jujube seedling early spring transplants method of keeping a full stand of seedings as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described corn Stalk is the strand shape maize straw of 3~4mm of length, and its water content is 15~20%.