CN104160856B - A kind of cultivation method improving kale cut-flower amount and production of hybrid seeds amount - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of flower cultivation, and specifically relates to a cultivation method for increasing the amount of cut flowers and seed production of kale, and discloses a cultivation method for increasing the amount of cut flowers and seed production of kale, including adjusting the sowing period, raising seedlings, Planting, field management, harvesting cut flowers, stalk treatment, leaf ball treatment, timely pollination, batch harvesting and other treatments, the invention is simple, easy to operate, and the effect is obvious, so that cut flower kale can be harvested once fresh cut flowers , and the yield of fresh cut flowers is increased by more than 30%, and the yield of seeds can be increased significantly, the yield of seeds can be increased by more than 20%, and the quality of seeds can be improved, the production cost can be reduced, and the benefit can be increased.

Description

A cultivation method for increasing the amount of cut flowers and seed production of kale

Technical field:

The invention belongs to the technical field of flower cultivation, and in particular relates to a cultivation method for increasing the quantity of cut flowers and seed production of kale.

technical background:

Ornamental kale is a variety of Brassica oleracea in the Brassicaceae family. It is native to the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea and the North Sea in Europe. It is a biennial herbaceous plant, mainly for viewing leaves. Its leaves are beautiful and changeable. Strong, it is the first choice for viewing in late autumn, winter and early spring, with high ornamental value and economic benefits. With the development of ornamental horticulture and the change of people's understanding of traditional fresh-cut flowers, kale has become one of the most popular emerging fresh-cut flower materials in Europe, America and Japan. Smaller varieties are suitable for fresh cut flowers, with a plant height of 50-80cm, and cut flower varieties can also be made into flower arrangements and flower baskets in different shapes and colors. High-growth strains are also suitable for making bonsai from the whole plant. As the demand for cut flowers and ornamental kale increases year after year, the demand for fresh cut flowers and seeds increases. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the production of fresh cut flowers and the number of breeding varieties of cut flowers and ornamental kale. The usual method of seed production for cut flower kale is to cut the curd and cut off the upper and lower leaves of the stem, and keep the top leaves for bolting, blooming and fruiting to reproduce seeds. Because the stems of cut flower ornamental kale plants are long, lodging is very easy to occur, especially High growth variety, the plant height is above 120cm when the plant blooms, the plants and branches are easier to lodging, the branches after lodging are less firm, the seed plumpness is reduced, and the seeds are easy to be damaged and rotten, which seriously affects the yield and seed quality. To prevent lodging, it is necessary to A large amount of labor and bamboo poles are used for binding, which wastes a lot of manpower and material resources and increases production costs. In addition, the cut flower kale that is usually cultivated for seed production does not harvest fresh cut flowers, but only cuts some leaves of the cut flowers of the plant. Therefore, it is necessary to invent A simple and easy cultivation method is used to change this situation. Not only can fresh cut flowers be harvested once, but also the yield of fresh cut flowers can be increased. At the same time, the yield and quality of cut flower ornamental kale seeds can be improved, and planting benefits can be increased.

Invention content:

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a simple and effective method for the defects in the prior art, so that the cut flowers of kale can be harvested once, and the yield of fresh cut flowers can be increased. The purpose of improving seed quality, reducing production costs and increasing benefits.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution steps that the present invention takes are:

A cultivation method for increasing the amount of cut flowers and seed production of kale, comprising the following steps:

1, adjust the sowing period: the sowing period of general cut flowers kale fresh-cut flower cultivation and seed production cultivation in the Jiangsu hilly area is the same as the cabbage crops in the middle and late August, and the present invention adjusts the sowing period to early August.

2. Seedling raising: cut flower kale seedlings in early August, use 50-hole or 72-hole hole trays for seedling cultivation, sow different types of varieties according to the needs of seed production, and the seedlings can be planted directly when they grow to 7-8 leaves.

^3. Colonization: apply enough base fertilizer in the seeding field, put 4000-5000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per 667m2, and add 100-150kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N:P:K15:15:15) as base fertilizer. In early and mid-September, the cut flower kale was planted in the seeding field, and the row spacing of the cultivated plants was 30cm×30cm. After planting, pour water 2 to 3 times continuously. After the plants are alive, cover the surrounding areas with fine soil. If there are missing seedlings or dead seedlings, transplant them in time.

4. Field management: From the rosette stage to the early stage of corm formation, normal fertilizer and water management, in the middle and late October, at the early stage of corm formation, cut off the corm at the top of the plant, and then spray 100-200 times of 45% crystal lime sulfur to make plants Incision at the top, followed by watering and topdressing 0.2-0.3% urea (containing N46%) once outside the root. After 5-7 days, many leaf buds will emerge around the incision of the plant bulb. Keep 2 side buds evenly and symmetrically, and wipe off the excess side buds. (Erase the excess side buds to ensure the quality of cut flowers. If there are too many side buds, the flower bulbs formed will be smaller, which will affect the quality of fresh cut flowers.) In mid-November, the side buds form two new rosettes. After that, the cut flowers of kale will grow until wintering. Cultivation management should properly control fertilizer and water, and no longer apply nitrogen fertilizer to prevent the plants from growing too fast and affecting the quality of fresh cut flowers when harvested. After mid-December, spraying 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves of the plants every 10 days can increase the cold resistance of the plants, and can make the color of the heart leaves more vivid and improve the ornamental value.

5. Harvesting cut flowers: In mid-January, when the plant grows to the brightest color of the new leaves, the top leaves gradually unfold, and when they are in a state of budding, they can be harvested. Each plant that has passed the above treatment can be harvested. Collect 2 branches of fresh cut flowers, cut the stems at a distance of 8-12cm from the ground, and trim the length of the cut flower branches again as needed. Spraying 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution again 1-2 days before harvest can prolong the viewing time of fresh-cut flowers.

6. After the fresh-cut flowers are harvested, the old leaves and yellow leaves of the remaining above-ground stems are peeled off, and the green leaves are kept, and the stems of the plants are sprayed with 100-200 times of 45% crystal lime sulfur mixture, especially the upper part of the stems. The incision should be sprayed and covered evenly, which is beneficial to reduce the infection of harmful bacteria in the wound and prevent the occurrence of rot and ulcer disease.

7. After 5-7 days of harvesting and spraying of cut flowers, after the incision of the stem shrivels and shrinks, apply 0.2-0.3% urea (containing N46%) once outside the roots in combination with watering, and then manage normally.

8. At the beginning of February, a large number of small leaf balls began to germinate at the leaf axils and roots of the stems of the plants, and 5 to 6 leaf balls were evenly reserved around the roots, and 3 to 5 leaf balls were reserved at the lower part of the stem, and the roots and stems were wiped off On the other leaf balls, the plants are sprayed with 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and then sprayed every 10 days.

9. In late February, the leaf bulbs on the plants start to bolt. At this time, the leaves on the stems are peeled off, and care should be taken not to damage the leaf bulbs. Then, normal seed production field management, pay attention to the control of diseases and insect pests. In the farming area, mesh isolation is carried out according to different varieties.

10. At the beginning of April, the bolting branches of the plants began to bloom one after another, and the plant height was 70-90cm when blooming. At the beginning of flowering, spray 0.2% boron fertilizer and 0.1%-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves every 7 days, and continue to spray Apply 2 to 3 times.

11. After the plants bloom, different seed production methods can be adopted to propagate seeds according to the characteristics of the species. For self-incompatible varieties, artificial bud stage pollination is used; for self-compatible varieties and hybrids, bee-assisted pollination can be used to improve Yield, if the flowering period is not met during the preparation of hybrids, the parents should be topped and flowered in time to regulate the flowering period.

12. Normal field management after pollination, stop fertilization, water properly according to the field moisture, the ground should be dry and wet, the seed pods start to turn yellow, and when the seeds turn brown, they can be harvested in batches and in stages, and the hybrids will be prepared The seeds of the parents are harvested separately, and the seed plants are dried and threshed in time after harvest.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

The method of the present invention harvests fresh-cut flowers once, and increases the quantity of fresh-cut flowers by adjusting the sowing period and cutting ball treatment, effectively prevents the lodging phenomenon during seed production of cut flower kale, improves seed yield and quality, and reduces The production cost has increased the benefit and has the following advantages:

1. The sowing date adopted by the present invention is beneficial to the treatment of leaf bulbs, increases the number of fresh cut flowers, has the best ornamental commodity traits when harvesting fresh cut flowers, and does not affect the bolting, flowering and seed production of plants after harvesting. The harvest period of fresh-cut flowers is advanced, and the harvested plants are vulnerable to freezing damage during the low temperature period in winter. The harvest period of fresh-cut flowers is delayed, the ornamental value is reduced, and flowering and bolting are affected.

2. After the fresh-cut flowers are harvested, topdressing with urea in time promotes the rapid vegetative growth of the plants, and spraying 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is conducive to further bolting and flowering of the plants.

3. Spraying 0.2% boron fertilizer and 0.1% to 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution during the flowering period can promote the number of flowering, increase the yield of seeds, improve the quality of seeds, and increase the bulk density of seeds.

4. Harvesting fresh cut flowers increases production efficiency, and increases the output of cut flowers by more than 30%. The market price of cut flowers is 1 to 2 yuan per branch, which can significantly increase economic benefits.

5. The invention is simple and easy to operate, easy to operate, and has obvious effects, which can significantly increase seed yield, improve seed quality, increase seed yield by more than 20%, increase seed thousand-grain weight, and reduce seed damage rate.

detailed description

The cut flower ornamental kale material used in this example is QY-11, and the source of the material is the red cut flower kale variety "Chuhong" produced by Takii Corporation of Japan (TAKII).

The self-compatibility material obtained by self-purification, the variety traits: the outer leaves are dark green, the heart leaves are red, the stem is purple, and the plant height is 55-60cm in lotus position.

The seed production field used in the embodiment is the same plot with uniform fertility.

Example 1

1. On August 25th, seedlings of cut kale QY-11 were raised in plug trays with 72 holes. When the seedlings grow to 7 to 8 leaves, they can be planted directly.

^2. Apply enough basal fertilizer in the planting field, plow and dry for more than 15 days, re-plough the crushed soil, put 5000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per 667m2, and add 100kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N:P:K15:15:15) as the base fertilizer . After plowing and harrowing, make a furrow with a width of 1.2m, a ditch depth of 20cm, and a ditch width of 30cm. Then cover with black mulch.

3. On September 30, plant the cut flower kale QY-11 in the field, the row spacing of the cultivated plants is 25cm×25cm, the cultivated plant area is 20m ² , and the cultivated plants are 300 plants. Cover the surrounding area with fine soil, and transplant and replant in time if there are missing seedlings or dead seedlings.

4. The cultivation and management of cut-flowered kale from the rosette stage to before wintering should be properly controlled by fertilizer and water, especially nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied to prevent the plants from growing too fast and affecting the quality of fresh-cut flowers when harvested.

5. Harvesting cut flowers: In mid-December, when the plant grows to the brightest color of the new leaves, and the top leaves gradually unfold and show a state of budding, they can be harvested.

6. Benefit and output calculation:

Benefits of fresh cut flowers: Harvest 300 branches of fresh cut flowers, each branch is 1.5 yuan, and the income is 450 yuan.

Example 2

1. On August 25th, seedlings of cut kale QY-11 were raised in plug trays with 72 holes. When the seedlings grow to 7 to 8 leaves, they can be planted directly.

^2. Apply enough basal fertilizer in the planting field, plow and dry for more than 15 days, re-plough the crushed soil, put 5000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per 667m2, and add 100kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N:P:K15:15:15) as the base fertilizer . After plowing and raking, make a furrow with a width of 1.2m, a furrow depth of 20cm, and a furrow width of 30cm. Then cover with black mulch.

3. On September 30, the cut flower kale QY-11 was planted in the seed production field. The row spacing of cultivated plants was 30cm×30cm, the area of cultivated plants was 20m ² , and 200 plants were cultivated. After the tree is planted, cover the surrounding area with fine soil, and transplant and replant in time if there are missing seedlings or dead seedlings.

4. The cultivation and management of cut-flower kale from the rosette period until the wintering period must be properly controlled by fertilizer and water, and the normal field management should be carried out according to the seed production method of cabbage crops.

5. In early and mid-February, cut off the old leaves on the stems of the plants, cut off part of the flower bulbs, and leave the flower center. The plants start to bolt in late February, and pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. In the farming area, mesh isolation is carried out according to different varieties.

The bolting branches in early April began to bloom one after another, and the plant height was 120-140cm when blooming. Normal water and fertilizer management and pest control. Use bees to assist pollination to increase production, and put a box of bees in the seed production field. When the plants bloom, the lodging is serious, and artificial bamboo poles are needed to prevent lodging.

6. Normal field management after pollination, stop fertilization, water properly according to the field moisture, the ground should be dry and wet, the seed pods start to turn yellow, and when the seeds turn brown, they can be harvested in batches and in stages, and the seed plants can be harvested in time Threshing in the air.

7. Yield calculation: A total of 4137g of seeds were harvested from 200 plants of cut ornamental kale materials QY‐11. The thousand-grain weight of the seeds was 3.49g, and the seed damage rate was 11.76%.

Example 3

1. In the present embodiment, the sowing date is adjusted to August 5th for seedling cultivation of cut-flower kale plugs, and 72 hole plugs are used for seedling cultivation. Different types of varieties are sown according to the needs of seed production. When the seedlings grow to 7-8 leaves, they can be directly Colonization.

^2. Apply enough basal fertilizer in the seeding field, put 4000-5000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per 667m2, and add 100-150kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N:P:K15:15:15) as the basal fertilizer. On September 10, the cut flower kale was planted in the seeding field, the row spacing of the cultivated plants was 30cm×30cm, the area of the cultivated plants was 20m ² , and 200 plants were cultivated. The fine soil should be well covered, and the missing seedlings and dead seedlings should be transplanted and replanted in time.

3. From the rosette stage to the early stage of plant corm formation, normal fertilizer and water management, around October 20, at the early stage of plant corm formation, cut off the main corm at the top of the plant, and then spray 100-200 times of 45% crystal lime sulfur mixture to make the top of the plant Incision, then combined with watering and topdressing 0.2-0.3% urea (containing N46%) once outside the root, 5-7 days later, many leaf buds will emerge around the incision of the main bulb of the plant, keep 2 side buds evenly and symmetrically, and wipe off the excess side buds (Erase the excess side buds to ensure the quality of cut flowers. If there are too many side buds, the flower bulbs formed will be smaller, which will affect the quality of fresh cut flowers.) In mid-November, the side buds form two new rosettes. After that, the cut flowers of kale will grow until wintering. Cultivation management should properly control fertilizer and water, and no longer apply nitrogen fertilizer to prevent the plants from growing too fast and affecting the quality of fresh cut flowers when harvested. After December 15th, spray 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves of the plants every 10 days, which can increase the cold resistance of the plants, and can make the color of the heart leaves more vivid and improve the ornamental value.

4. Harvesting cut flowers: In mid-January, when the plant grows to the brightest color of the new leaves, the top leaves gradually unfold, and when they are in the state of budding, they can be harvested. Generally, each plant that has passed the above treatment can be harvested. Harvest 2 branches of fresh cut flowers, cut the stems at a distance of 8-12cm from the ground, and trim the length of the cut flower branches again as needed. Spraying 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution again 1-2 days before harvest can prolong the viewing time of fresh-cut flowers.

5. After the fresh-cut flowers are harvested, the old leaves and yellow leaves of the remaining above-ground stems are peeled off, and the green leaves are kept, and the stems of the plants are sprayed with 100-200 times of 45% crystal lime sulfur mixture, especially the upper part of the stems. The incision should be sprayed and covered evenly, which is beneficial to reduce the infection of harmful bacteria in the wound and prevent the occurrence of rot and ulcer disease.

6. After 5-7 days of harvesting and spraying of cut flowers, the incision of the stem shriveled and shrunk, combined with watering and topdressing the roots with 0.2-0.3% urea (containing N46%) once, and then managed normally.

In July and early February, a large number of small leaf balls began to germinate at the leaf axils and roots of the stems of the plants, and 5 to 6 leaf balls were evenly reserved around the roots, and 3 to 5 leaf balls were reserved at the lower part of the stem, and the roots and stems were wiped off On the other leaf balls, the plants are sprayed with 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and then sprayed every 10 days.

8. In late February, the leaf balls on the plants start to bolt. At this time, the leaves on the stems are peeled off, and care should be taken not to damage the leaf balls. Afterwards, normal seed production and field management should be carried out, paying attention to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. In the farming area, mesh isolation is carried out according to different varieties.

9. At the beginning of April, the bolting branches of the plants begin to bloom one after another, and the plant height is 70-90cm when blooming. At the beginning of flowering, spray 0.2% boron fertilizer and 0.1%-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves every 7 days, and continue to spray Apply 2 to 3 times.

10. After the plants bloom, different seed production methods can be adopted to propagate seeds according to the characteristics of the varieties. Self-incompatible varieties can be pollinated at the bud stage; self-compatible varieties and hybrids can be pollinated by bees to improve Yield, if the flowering period does not meet when the hybrid is prepared, the parent should be picked and flowered in time to regulate the flowering period.

11. Normal field management after pollination, stop fertilization, water properly according to the field moisture, the ground should be dry and wet, the seed pods start to turn yellow, and when the seeds turn brown, they can be harvested in batches and in stages, and the hybrids will be prepared The seeds of the parents are harvested separately, and the seed plants are dried and threshed in time after harvest.

12. Benefit and output calculation:

(1) Benefits of fresh cut flowers: Harvest fresh cut flowers 200×2=400, 1.5 yuan per branch, and gain 600 yuan in income.

(2) Seed yield and quality: A total of 5060 g of seeds were harvested from 200 ornamental kale plants QY‐11. The thousand-grain weight of the seeds was 3.81g, and the seed damage rate was 8.52%.

As can be seen from the comparison of the 3 examples, the method disclosed by the present party not only has the income of fresh cut flowers but also the income of seed production, and has increased the output of fresh cut flowers by more than 30%, has improved the yield of seed production, and has increased production. 22.3%, the thousand-grain weight increased by 9.17%, and the seed damage rate decreased from 11.76% to 8.52%. The method of the invention significantly increases the economic benefits of the cultivation of cut flower kale.

Claims (5)

1. improve a cultivation method for kale cut-flower amount and production of hybrid seeds amount, it is characterized in that, specifically comprise the steps:

(1) sowing time is adjusted: in Hilly area of Jiangsu Province, the sowing time of cut-flower kale is adjusted at the beginning of 8 months from mid or late August;

(2) nursery: at the beginning of 8 months, adopts 50 holes or 72 hole point disk seedling growings, according to the production of hybrid seeds need sow dissimilar kind, direct field planting when seedling grows to 7 ~ 8 leaves;

(3) field planting: use sufficient base manure in seed farm, every 667 ㎡ put decomposed manure 4000 ~ 5000kg, separately add Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 100 ~ 150kg and make base manure, September early and middle ten days the field planting of cut-flower kale in seed farm, cultivation seeding row spacing 30cm × 30cm, connect after cultivation and water 2 ~ 3 water, surrounding fine earth covers after living by plant to be planted, have be short of seedling, dead seedling transplants after-culture in time;

(4) field management: the rosette stage up to Plantlet formation bulb in earlier stage, normal rich water quality management, mid or late October, the Plantlet formation bulb initial stage, prescind plant top opion, plant top otch is sprayed subsequently with lime sulfur, combine subsequently outside the timely root that waters and impose urea once, after 5 ~ 7 days, plant bulb otch surrounding is emerged a lot of leaf bud, 2 lateral buds of reservation symmetrically, erase unnecessary lateral bud, mid-November, lateral bud formed two new lotus thrones, rich water control will be carried out ever since to the cultivation management of cut-flower kale before surviving the winter, no longer applied nitrogen, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed every 10 days plant leafs after mid-December,

(5) to gather cut-flower: mid-January, when plant grow to that young leaves look changes the most bright-coloured time, top vane is launched gradually, when presenting the state that a bud just ready to burst, can gather;

(6) cane process: after fresh cut-flowers is gathered and terminated, the cane of residue acrial part peels off Lao Ye and Huang Ye, retain green blade, the cane of plant is sprayed with 45% crystal lime polysulfies, 100 ~ 200 times of liquid, reduce infecting of wound harmful levels of pathogens, prevent the generation of rot, canker, cut-flower is gathered after the shrivelled contraction of cane otch in 5 ~ 7 days of spray medicine, 0.2 ~ 0.3% urea is imposed once, normal management subsequently in conjunction with outside the timely root that waters;

(7) leaf-head process: at the beginning of 2 months, retain 5 ~ 6 leaf-heads uniformly around root, cane bottom retains 3 ~ 5 leaf-heads, to erase on root and cane other leaf-head, plant sprays 0.1 ~ 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sprays once every 10 days later;

(8) pollinate in time: after plant blossom, can according to breediness, take the numerous production of hybrid seeds of different seed production ways, Self-Incompatibility kind, adopts artificial bud pollination; Self-compatible kind and preparing hybrid kind, take honeybee supplementary pollination to improve output, if during preparing hybrid kind, flowering asynchronism, should carry out pinching, defloration to parent in time, meet with regulation florescence;

(9) gather: pollination terminates rear normal field management in batches, stop fertilising, suitably water according to field soil moisture content, ground inquire for dry see wet, plant pod to start to turn yellow, during seed browning, batch by batch and stage by stage is gathered, separately being received by Parent seed of preparing hybrid kind, plants the rear airing threshing in time of strain results.

2. raising kale cut-flower amount according to claim 1 and the cultivation method of production of hybrid seeds amount, is characterized in that, the leaf-head on late Febuary plant starts bolting, now peels off the blade on cane, carries out grenadine isolation in seed farm region according to kind difference.

3. raising kale cut-flower amount according to claim 1 and 2 and the cultivation method of production of hybrid seeds amount, is characterized in that, come into bloom, and sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution of 0.2% boron fertilizer and 0.1% ~ 0.2%, continue to spray 2 ~ 3 times every 7 days blade faces.

4. the cultivation method of raising kale cut-flower amount according to claim 3 and production of hybrid seeds amount, it is characterized in that, lime sulfur described in step (4) is: 45% crystal lime polysulfies 100 ~ 200 times liquid, described urea concentration is 0.2 ~ 0.3%, and the concentration of described potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.1 ~ 0.2%.

5. the raising kale cut-flower amount according to claim 1,2 or 4 and the cultivation method of production of hybrid seeds amount, it is characterized in that, cane is being cut apart from 8 ~ 12cm place, ground in the position of the cut-flower of gathering described in step (5), cut-flower branch length is pruned as required again, within before gathering 1-2 days, again sprays 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and views and admires the time to extend fresh cut-flowers.