CN102132655A - Planting method of radix clematidis - Google Patents
Planting method of radix clematidis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a planting method of radix clematidis and discloses a planting method of the radix clematidis, belonging to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. In the invention, the normalized planting of the radix clematidis is realized through the optimized selection of climate, soil and sowing environments and a fertilization method, and the quality of the radix clematidis is improved; moreover, a whole set of methods suitable for fertilization, breeding, control and management of plant diseases and insect pests in the planting process of the radix clematidis are provided, so that the quality of the radix clematidis planted by adopting the planting method disclosed by the invention is excellent, the heavy metal and pesticide residues reach the international standard, and the whole planting process is suitable for large-scale and industrialized planting.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of traditional Chinese medicines, be specially a kind of kind method for planting of the root of Chinese clematis.
Background technology
The root of Chinese clematis is the important Chinese medicine material commonly used of antalgic and inflammation relieving at all times, and all on the books at successive dynasties such as Compendium of Material Medica medicine ancient books and records, flavor is hot, salty, warm in nature, and little poison is arranged, and has and dispels rheumatism, the effect of removing obstruction in channels to relieve pain.Be mainly used in arthralgia due to wind-dampness clinically, extremity numbness, the contraction of muscle arteries and veins, joint stuffiness, symptoms such as fishbone caught in throat.Present clematis chinensis medicinal materials derives from wild, and its former plant is wild in mountain valley, woods limit, hillside or shrub.For a long time, the former plant origin of clematis chinensis medicinal materials is numerous and chaotic.Be same as clematis chinensis medicinal materials and be widely used, evident in efficacy, the developing new drug prospect is boundless, so the market demand presents obvious increase, unrestrictedly excavates wild resource at present, has caused that wild resource is exhausted day by day, and ecotope is also destroyed.Present clematis chinensis medicinal materials ubiquity variet complexity is gathered, processes, is transported, science not such as storage, manage lack of standardizationly, causes the quality of medicinal material instability, has pollution etc. sometimes, has influenced the quality and the clinical use of medicinal material.The present invention changes clematis chinensis medicinal materials production into the standardization artificial cultivation from wild collection, to geography, ecology, atmosphere, soil, irrigation water, fertilising, the extermination of disease and insect pest and the seed selection of root of Chinese clematis resource, grow seedlings, each link such as cultivation, plant protection are managed, gather, processing investigates, studies and test, root of Chinese clematis planting technology by traditional Chinese medicine GAP requirement is proposed, it is stable to reach the clematis chinensis medicinal materials high-quality, the development trend that meets China's modernization of Chinese medicine also helps solving the key issues such as quality that present clematis chinensis medicinal materials exists.
Summary of the invention
The kind method for planting of the root of Chinese clematis utilizes Ranunculaceae Clematis plant root of Chinese clematis Clematis chinensis Osbeck to be the plantation plant origin, and the plantation scheme of a cover system is provided, and improves the quality and the stability of root of Chinese clematis product.
This method may further comprise the steps:
1) weather, soil are selected: guaranteeing should to select soil layer deep under the not contaminated prerequisite of environment, quality is loose, and sunshine is good, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, is advisable in the area of the gradient below 15 °.Road ditch planning is carried out by 10～15 mu of one sub-district in the hillside fields, builds reversed terrace and ring ditch etc. by 1～2 meter wide planting bed distance for width.
2) option of species: must be that pharmacopeia regulation certified products Ranunculaceae Clematis plant root of Chinese clematis Clematis chinensis Osbeck is the plantation plant origin.
3) whole ground basal dressing: cultivate entirely choosing the soil, the deep ploughing rake is thin, and mu is executed decomposed dung or compost 2000～3000kg, ploughs 20～25cm, and the leveling rake is thin, and the bed of growing seedlings is wide 1～1.3m, but milpa base area shape condition is made the wide band of 1～2m.
4) seed growing method: the ripe seed of gathering about September.Basked seeds before the sowing 1-2 days, and removed pappus.Soak with clear water earlier, put into 250 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim or 5000 times of liquid of potassium permanganate soak sterilization in 10～15 minutes, take out the back and medicament is washed down, at last seed is placed in the warm water of cold water or about 20 ℃ and soaked 4～6 hours, pick up to dry slightly and wait to broadcast with clear water.
5) about the mu 2.5～5kg of seed then that the seedbed is good with quality, germination rate is high.Autumn sowing is last October, the middle ten days, sows in spring in mid or late March.
6) seed sowing method: seed sowing adopts drilling more.Open the shallow ridges of 2～3cm by line-spacing 30～40cm, seed is evenly broadcast in the ditch, compress gently behind the earthing, water permeablely, the furrow face covers leaf or straw 2～3cm, when emerging covering is removed.Suitable thinning during height of seedling 3～5cm is during height of seedling 8～10cm.By spacing in the rows 25～30cm final singling.Mu is with planting a 0.5kg.
7) seeding and seedling raising is transplanted: the seed uniform broadcasting above the seedbed, is broadcast back earthing 1～1.5cm, promptly pull or wood is pulled slightly and compressed with uprooting.Pressing kind of back to spill clear water with sprayer makes table soil moistening.Cover straw again.Remove straw after waiting to emerge immediately.Suitable thinning is topdressed then during height of seedling 3-5cm, and mu is converted water 10 load with 2 kilograms in urea and watered and execute or water and execute with diluting the fecaluria water that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and promptly washes seedling with clear water after executing.During 5～8 centimetres of heights of seedling, available 0.2% urea, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.1% topsin spray the blade face.Send and transfer fertilizer transplanting about the last week Shi Yici.Mu is converted water 15 load pouring with 2～3 kilograms in urea and is executed, and washes seedling with clear water immediately after executing.During the height of seedling 10cm left and right sides, by row, spacing in the rows 30cm left and right sides balled transplanting; Water after the transplanting.
8) cuttage is directly planted: February, get 2 years living stem bars of the root of Chinese clematis of not sprouting as yet, be cut into and have more than 2 joint and be about 30cm and transplant, soup with green plant growth regulator GGR200mg/l soaks 2h, on whole good cultivation bed soil, tiltedly imbed soil then, only stay 1 joint in top on the ground according to 30cm left and right sides seeding row spacing, water permeablely, keep ground moistening.
9) cuttage and seedling culture is transplanted: the about seeding row spacing 8 * 15cm of cuttage and seedling culture density, and the cuttage in spring is directly planted mode with above-mentioned cuttage in spring; Summer and autumn, cottage method was: get 2-3 and give birth to the stem bar, be cut into the cutting of 3 joints, wipe out blade, reach bud bud and sprig on 2 joints in bottom, stay the bud bud of 1 joint in top, soak 20～30min with the soup of green plant growth regulator GGR200mg/l, oblique cutting is imbedded bed soil, water permeablely, keep ground moistening.
10) field management, weeding in time, water, fertilising and draining.
11) thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings, the back height of seedling 3～5cm time thinning of emerging, and final singling during height of seedling 8～10cm is in time filled the gaps with seedlings to the place of being short of seedling.
12) the 6-7 month, every mu imposes the cake fertilizer 30kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed and adds calcium magnesium phosphorus 25kg, perhaps compound fertilizer 30kg.
13) pluck flower bud and prune, except that seed field, squaring period bud is all extractd, to reduce the consumption of nutrient in plant.The branches and leaves clump crosses when dense, cuts centre and bottom branches and leaves between suitably, makes it ventilation and penetrating light, and it is prosperous to avoid branches and leaves to nourish and grow.
14) built is when height of seedling 30～50cm, at built in the ranks, climbs growth for plant with bamboo branch or branch.
15) extermination of disease and insect pest:
Any damage by disease and insect does not almost appear in root of Chinese clematis wild state, and the damage by disease and insect of finding on artificial planting at present also only is accidental powdery mildew and eats seedling tender leaf insect black cutworm, snail.
The powdery mildew large tracts of land took place at the beginning of 5 months by the end of April every year, and every 7～10d alternately spray 15% triadimefon wetting powder 800 times liquid or 50% carbendazol wettable powder 500 times liquid controlled disease before arriving rainy season.
Black cutworm prevents and treats method: (1) is contained the phase of sending out at winter generation adult and is adopted light or sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult.(2) artificial seizure can be taked in the serious plot of causing harm.(3) with 90% crystal chlorophos 0.5kg, add water 2.5～5kg, mix vegetable leaf or bright careless 50kg makes poison bait, every 667m
2, use poison bait 10kg, trap and kill larva.(4) with 800 times of liquid of 80% chlorophos wetting powder or 1000 times of liquid irrigating roots of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate.
The method that prevents of snail harm: powder or use the 8% snail spirit granule that goes out, dose 1.5g/m on the ground limes
2Can play good preventive and therapeutic effect.
16) processing of gathering, plant back 2 years in autumn end to winter, when root of Chinese clematis growth stops to fall leaves dormancy, take root system, remove cauline leaf, clean earth, dry after the segment.
17) detect the qualified back of testing result packing storage or sell by clematis chinensis medicinal materials standard in content and the industry under " Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China 2005 version one one " root of Chinese clematis item.
In the present invention, the root of Chinese clematis requires not tight to weather, soil, but is good with nice and cool, the moistening weather and the mountain region brunisolic soil or the sandy loam of Fu She humus.Too low-lying, easily the waterlogging or the arid the plot undergrowth.
Its required environmental index is specially:
The seed longevity of the root of Chinese clematis is short, and next year percentage of seedgermination has only about 16%, so seminal propagation must be used seed then.Seed germinating time is longer, and germination temperature is 15～25 ℃, and the germination thermophilic is about 20 ℃.Be lower than 10 ℃ and surpass 30 ℃, seed germination is had inhibitory action.
The main phenology of the root of Chinese clematis is divided into sprouting period, leaf stretching period, shoot and leaf growth phase, florescence, fruit phase, falls leaves resting stage.Observed result show spring after planting seed sprout in late March to early April, wild plant early and middle ten days in March is sprouted the exhibition leaf, be to send out branch to come into leaves stem rattan vegetative period April-May, nourish and grow rapidly, root system is also grown comparatively fast simultaneously, and late May begins to occur inflorescence, blooms successively, result immediately, the florescence 5-8 month, the main florescence is in June, the fruit phase 8-10 month, begin fallen leaves November, progress into resting stage.
In the cottage propagation test, draw, root of Chinese clematis ratio is easier to cuttage root-taking, do not carry out the cuttage root-taking rate yet nearly 80% of chemicals treatment, and after having taked suitable hestening rooting to handle, the cuttage root-taking rate can reach more than 90%, soak with the GGR of 200mg/L in the test that to transplant a cutting the effect that 2h handles best, can on producing, adopt.
In the breeding and culturing process, the root of Chinese clematis is taked multiple planting type all better to survive and is grown, it is generally acknowledged, the root of Chinese clematis is married again in kind of the process wild, at first relatively Shi Yi mode is to take cuttage to transplant, because the wild seed collection is difficulty, gather then relatively easy a large amount of collection of cutting, cottage propagation has stronger prolific operability; After having the large tracts of land artificial cultivation to gather seed from now on, then seed propagation is for being more suitable for mode.Through the cultivation again of growing seedlings, can better guarantee not to be short of seedling, seedling management is convenient, as long as transplant in good time, survival rate is secure, growing can be faster, can improve output, but many 1 transplanting processes increase to some extent with direct cultivation (live or direct cuttage cultivation) comparative costs, it is bigger that transplanting is influenced by weather etc. opportunity, might influence cultivation survival rate and growth.Therefore, only in the soil environment condition of better cultivating, relatively under the intensive farming situation, taking seedling raising and transplanting is reasonable planting type.
Reasonably planting density can be optimized plant photosynthesis, coordinate to concern the growing environment of acquisition advantage between colony, thereby sets up the basis of high yield.The output of the root of Chinese clematis increases along with the increase of density in certain density range, but the medicinal material size specification increases and reduces along with density.And, the excessive ventilation and penetrating light that influences of density, easier generation damage by disease and insect is crossed rare output that then influences, and is easy to generate weeds harm, therefore, selects suitable density extremely important, and seeding row spacing is selected about 20-45cm more suitable, and wherein optimal selection is 30cm.
Aspect seeding and fertilizing, the test effect of increasing production of selecting to use the oil cake organic manure is the most obvious, and secondly for using compound fertilizer, and the urea effect is not obvious.This mainly is because use urea to promote to grow strong to the ground branches and leaves, then not obvious to the effect that root system promotes, and soil lacks phosphorus potash fertilizer relatively, root growth is more to phosphorus potash fertilizer demand, uses oil cake organic manure and compound fertilizer with multiple fertilizer element that root growth has been produced more obvious facilitation.Therefore, the root of Chinese clematis seedling later stage produce to go up notices that the multi-element fertilizer that enriches phosphorous potassium is advisable.
The root of Chinese clematis mainly with rhizome as medicinal part, therefore improve root system output and quality is a main purpose, aerial growth is luxuriant excessively, may influence root growth, and yields positive results for the root of Chinese clematis of the non-son of reserving seed for planting, it is meaningless nutrient consumption, therefore should look the plant branches and leaves long situation of growing thickly and prune, wipe out overstocked branches and leaves, improve the ventilation and penetrating light condition, in time extract bud, reduce nutrient consumption.
The clematis chinensis medicinal materials root growth just stopped after November, and the 8-11 month increases weight gradually, and extract content is also higher after November, thought that therefore afterwards be that it excavates the suitable stage November.
Beneficial effect: planting technology of the present invention has realized the standardized planting of the root of Chinese clematis, has improved the quality of the root of Chinese clematis, adopts the root of Chinese clematis of the present invention's plantation best in quality, and heavy metal and pesticide remnant meets international standards.The present invention is suitable for large-scale production.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention for embodiment below.
In embodiment one, adopt the seed sowing method:
Choosing ground: guaranteeing under the not contaminated prerequisite of environment that select soil layer deep, quality is loose, sunshine is good, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, the area that the gradient is 10 °.Road ditch planning is carried out by 10 mu of one sub-district in the hillside fields, builds reversed terrace and ring ditch by 2 meters wide planting bed distances for width.
Select species: select pharmacopeia regulation certified products Ranunculaceae Clematis plant root of Chinese clematis seed.
Whole ground basal dressing: cultivate entirely choosing the soil, the deep ploughing rake is thin, and mu is executed decomposed dung or compost 3000kg, ploughs 20cm, and the leveling rake is thin, and the bed of growing seedlings is wide 1.2m, and milpa is made the wide band of 2m.
Seed growing method: the ripe seed of gathering mid-September.Basked seeds before the sowing 2 days, and removed pappus.Soak with clear water earlier, put into 250 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim and soak sterilization in 15 minutes, take out the back and medicament is washed down, at last seed is placed in the cold water and soaked 5 hours, pick up to dry slightly and wait to broadcast with clear water.
The seedbed is selected: about the mu 4kg of seed then that the seedbed is good with quality, germination rate is high.Autumn sowing was sowed in spring in late March mid-October.
Seed sowing adopts drilling, opens the shallow ridges of 3cm by line-spacing 30cm, and seed is evenly broadcast in the ditch, compresses gently behind the earthing, waters permeablely, and the furrow face covers leaf 3cm, when emerging covering is removed.Suitable thinning during height of seedling 3cm is during height of seedling 10cm.By spacing in the rows 25cm final singling.Mu is with planting a 0.5kg.
Field management: the back weeding in time of emerging prevents the farmland running to weeds, general annual weeding 4 times.Begin thinning when emerging back height of seedling 5cm, begin final singling during height of seedling 8cm, and in time filled the gaps with seedlings in the place of being short of seedling.
Meeting arid weather before and after emerging will in time water, and carries out drainage works rainy season.During height of seedling 10cm, every mu imposes the light liquid dung 1000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed; Late June, every mu imposes the cake fertilizer 30kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and adds calcium magnesium phosphorus 25kg, compound fertilizer 30kg.
Plant is all extractd bud squaring period, to reduce the consumption of nutrient.The branches and leaves clump crosses when dense, cuts centre and bottom branches and leaves between suitably, makes it ventilation and penetrating light, and it is prosperous to avoid branches and leaves to nourish and grow.
When height of seedling 40cm, at built in the ranks, climb growth with bamboo branch or branch for plant, avoid stem, leaf to pile up together, because of improper ventilation influences growth.
The processing of gathering: after planting back 2 years,, take root system, remove cauline leaf, clean earth, dry after the segment in by the end of November.And detect back packing storage by clematis chinensis medicinal materials standard in content and the industry under " Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China 2005 version one one " root of Chinese clematis item.
In embodiment two, adopt seeding and seedling raising to transplant
Choosing ground: guaranteeing under the not contaminated prerequisite of environment that select soil layer deep, quality is loose, sunshine is good, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, the area that the gradient is 10 °.Road ditch planning is carried out by 10 mu of one sub-district in the hillside fields, builds reversed terrace and ring ditch by 2 meters wide planting bed distances for width.
Select species: select pharmacopeia regulation certified products Ranunculaceae Clematis plant root of Chinese clematis seed.
Whole ground basal dressing: cultivate entirely choosing the soil, the deep ploughing rake is thin, and mu is executed decomposed dung or compost 3000kg, ploughs 20cm, and the leveling rake is thin, and the bed of growing seedlings is wide 1.2m, and milpa is made the wide band of 2m.
Seed growing method: the ripe seed of gathering mid-September.Basked seeds before the sowing 2 days, and removed pappus.Soak with clear water earlier, put into 250 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim and soak sterilization in 15 minutes, take out the back and medicament is washed down, at last seed is placed in the cold water and soaked 5 hours, pick up to dry slightly and wait to broadcast with clear water.
The seedbed is selected: about the mu 4kg of seed then that the seedbed is good with quality, germination rate is high.Autumn sowing was sowed in spring in late March mid-October.
The seed uniform broadcasting above the seedbed, is broadcast back earthing 1.5cm, promptly compress with uprooting to pull slightly.Pressing kind of back to spill clear water with sprayer makes table soil moistening.Cover straw again.Remove straw after waiting to emerge immediately.Suitable thinning is topdressed then during height of seedling 3cm, and mu is converted water 10 with 2 kilograms in urea and carried on a shoulder pole to water and execute, and promptly washes seedling with clear water after executing.During 5 centimetres of heights of seedling, spray the blade face with 0.2% urea, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Transfer fertilizer transplanting to execute once to send the last week.Mu is converted water 15 load pouring with 3 kilograms in urea and is executed, and washes seedling with clear water immediately after executing.During the height of seedling 10cm left and right sides, by row, spacing in the rows 30cm left and right sides balled transplanting; Water after the transplanting.
Field management: the back weeding in time of emerging prevents the farmland running to weeds, general annual weeding 4 times.Begin thinning when emerging back height of seedling 5cm, begin final singling during height of seedling 8cm, and in time filled the gaps with seedlings in the place of being short of seedling.
Meeting arid weather before and after emerging will in time water, and carries out drainage works rainy season.During height of seedling 10cm, every mu imposes the light liquid dung 1000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed; Late June, every mu imposes the cake fertilizer 30kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and adds calcium magnesium phosphorus 25kg, compound fertilizer 30kg.
Plant is all extractd bud squaring period, to reduce the consumption of nutrient.The branches and leaves clump crosses when dense, cuts centre and bottom branches and leaves between suitably, makes it ventilation and penetrating light, and it is prosperous to avoid branches and leaves to nourish and grow.
When height of seedling 40cm, at built in the ranks, climb growth with bamboo branch or branch for plant, avoid stem, leaf to pile up together, because of improper ventilation influences growth.
The processing of gathering: after planting back 2 years,, take root system, remove cauline leaf, clean earth, dry after the segment in by the end of November.And detect back packing storage by clematis chinensis medicinal materials standard in content and the industry under " Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China 2005 version one one " root of Chinese clematis item.
In embodiment three, adopt cuttage directly to plant
Choosing ground: guaranteeing under the not contaminated prerequisite of environment that select soil layer deep, quality is loose, sunshine is good, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, the area that the gradient is 10 °.Road ditch planning is carried out by 10 mu of one sub-district in the hillside fields, builds reversed terrace and ring ditch by 2 meters wide planting bed distances for width.
Select species: select 2 years living stem bars of the pharmacopeia regulation certified products Ranunculaceae Clematis plant root of Chinese clematis.
Whole ground basal dressing: cultivate entirely choosing the soil, the deep ploughing rake is thin, and mu is executed decomposed dung or compost 3000kg, ploughs 20cm, and the leveling rake is thin, and the bed of growing seedlings is wide 1.2m, and milpa is made the wide band of 2m.
The seedbed is selected: about the mu 4kg of seed then that the seedbed is good with quality, germination rate is high.Autumn sowing was sowed in spring in late March mid-October.
In February, get 2 years living stem bars of the root of Chinese clematis of not sprouting as yet, be cut into and have more than 2 joint and be about 30cm and transplant, soup with green plant growth regulator GGR200mg/l soaks 2h, on whole good cultivation bed soil, tiltedly imbed soil then, only stay 1 joint in top on the ground according to 30cm left and right sides seeding row spacing, water permeablely, keep ground moistening.
Field management: the back weeding in time of emerging prevents the farmland running to weeds, general annual weeding 4 times.Begin thinning when emerging back height of seedling 5cm, begin final singling during height of seedling 8cm, and in time filled the gaps with seedlings in the place of being short of seedling.
Meeting arid weather before and after emerging will in time water, and carries out drainage works rainy season.During height of seedling 10cm, every mu imposes the light liquid dung 1000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed; Late June, every mu imposes the cake fertilizer 30kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and adds calcium magnesium phosphorus 25kg, compound fertilizer 30kg.
Plant is all extractd bud squaring period, to reduce the consumption of nutrient.The branches and leaves clump crosses when dense, cuts centre and bottom branches and leaves between suitably, makes it ventilation and penetrating light, and it is prosperous to avoid branches and leaves to nourish and grow.
When height of seedling 40cm, at built in the ranks, climb growth with bamboo branch or branch for plant, avoid stem, leaf to pile up together, because of improper ventilation influences growth.
The processing of gathering: after planting back 2 years,, take root system, remove cauline leaf, clean earth, dry after the segment in by the end of November.And detect back packing storage by clematis chinensis medicinal materials standard in content and the industry under " Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China 2005 version one one " root of Chinese clematis item.
In embodiment four, adopt cuttage and seedling culture to transplant, select the cuttage in summer
Choosing ground: guaranteeing under the not contaminated prerequisite of environment that select soil layer deep, quality is loose, sunshine is good, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, the area that the gradient is 10 °.Road ditch planning is carried out by 10 mu of one sub-district in the hillside fields, builds reversed terrace and ring ditch by 2 meters wide planting bed distances for width.
Select species: select 2 years living stem bars of the pharmacopeia regulation certified products Ranunculaceae Clematis plant root of Chinese clematis.
Whole ground basal dressing: cultivate entirely choosing the soil, the deep ploughing rake is thin, and mu is executed decomposed dung or compost 3000kg, ploughs 20cm, and the leveling rake is thin, and the bed of growing seedlings is wide 1.2m, and milpa is made the wide band of 2m.
The seedbed is selected: about the mu 4kg of seed then that the seedbed is good with quality, germination rate is high.Autumn sowing was sowed in spring in late March mid-October.
The about seeding row spacing 8 * 15cm of cuttage and seedling culture density, get 2 years living stem bars, be cut into the cutting of 3 joints, wipe out blade, reach bud bud and sprig on 2 joints in bottom, stay the bud bud of 1 joint in top, soup with green plant growth regulator GGR200mg/l soaks 20min, oblique cutting is imbedded bed soil, waters permeablely, keeps ground moistening.
Field management: the back weeding in time of emerging prevents the farmland running to weeds, general annual weeding 4 times.Begin thinning when emerging back height of seedling 5cm, begin final singling during height of seedling 8cm, and in time filled the gaps with seedlings in the place of being short of seedling.
Meeting arid weather before and after emerging will in time water, and carries out drainage works rainy season.During height of seedling 10cm, every mu imposes the light liquid dung 1000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed; Late June, every mu imposes the cake fertilizer 30kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and adds calcium magnesium phosphorus 25kg, compound fertilizer 30kg.
Plant is all extractd bud squaring period, to reduce the consumption of nutrient.The branches and leaves clump crosses when dense, cuts centre and bottom branches and leaves between suitably, makes it ventilation and penetrating light, and it is prosperous to avoid branches and leaves to nourish and grow.
When height of seedling 40cm, at built in the ranks, climb growth with bamboo branch or branch for plant, avoid stem, leaf to pile up together, because of improper ventilation influences growth.
The processing of gathering: after planting back 2 years,, take root system, remove cauline leaf, clean earth, dry after the segment in by the end of November.And detect back packing storage by clematis chinensis medicinal materials standard in content and the industry under " Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China 2005 version one one " root of Chinese clematis item.
More than show and described basic principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that describes in the foregoing description and the specification just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (3)
1. the kind method for planting of the root of Chinese clematis is characterized in that, utilizes the Ranunculaceae Clematis plant root of Chinese clematis to be the plantation plant origin, and the plantation scheme of a cover system is provided, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) weather, soil are selected: guaranteeing should to select soil layer deep under the not contaminated prerequisite of environment, quality is loose, and sunshine is good, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, is advisable in the area of the gradient below 15 °.Road ditch planning is carried out by 10～15 mu of one sub-district in the hillside fields, builds reversed terrace and ring ditch etc. by 1～2 meter wide planting bed distance for width.
2) option of species: must be that pharmacopeia regulation certified products Ranunculaceae Clematis plant root of Chinese clematis Clematis chinensis Osbeck is the plantation plant origin.
3) whole ground basal dressing: cultivate entirely choosing the soil, the deep ploughing rake is thin, and mu is executed decomposed dung or compost 2000～3000kg, ploughs 20～25cm, and the leveling rake is thin, and the bed of growing seedlings is wide 1～1.3m, but milpa base area shape condition is made the wide band of 1～2m.
4) seed growing method: the ripe seed of gathering about September.Basked seeds before the sowing 1-2 days, and removed pappus.Soak with clear water earlier, put into 250 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim or 5000 times of liquid of potassium permanganate soak sterilization in 10～15 minutes, take out the back and medicament is washed down, at last seed is placed in the warm water of cold water or about 20 ℃ and soaked 4～6 hours, pick up to dry slightly and wait to broadcast with clear water.
5) about the mu 2.5～5kg of seed then that the seedbed is good with quality, germination rate is high.Autumn sowing is last October, the middle ten days, sows in spring in mid or late March.
6) seed sowing method: seed sowing adopts drilling more.Open the shallow ridges of 2～3cm by line-spacing 30～40cm, seed is evenly broadcast in the ditch, compress gently behind the earthing, water permeablely, the furrow face covers leaf or straw 2～3cm, when emerging covering is removed.Suitable thinning during height of seedling 3～5cm is during height of seedling 8～10cm.By spacing in the rows 25～30cm final singling.Mu is with planting a 0.5kg.
7) seeding and seedling raising is transplanted: the seed uniform broadcasting above the seedbed, is broadcast back earthing 1～1.5cm, promptly pull or wood is pulled slightly and compressed with uprooting.Pressing kind of back to spill clear water with sprayer makes table soil moistening.Cover straw again.Remove straw after waiting to emerge immediately.Suitable thinning is topdressed then during height of seedling 3-5cm, and mu is converted water 10 load with 2 kilograms in urea and watered and execute or water and execute with diluting the fecaluria water that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and promptly washes seedling with clear water after executing.During 5～8 centimetres of heights of seedling, available 0.2% urea, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.1% topsin spray the blade face.Send and transfer fertilizer transplanting about the last week Shi Yici.Mu is converted water 15 load pouring with 2～3 kilograms in urea and is executed, and washes seedling with clear water immediately after executing.During the height of seedling 10cm left and right sides, by row, spacing in the rows 30cm left and right sides balled transplanting; Water after the transplanting.
8) cuttage is directly planted: February, get 2 years living stem bars of the root of Chinese clematis of not sprouting as yet, be cut into and have more than 2 joint and be about 30cm and transplant, soup with green plant growth regulator GGR200mg/l soaks 2h, on whole good cultivation bed soil, tiltedly imbed soil then, only stay 1 joint in top on the ground according to 30cm left and right sides seeding row spacing, water permeablely, keep ground moistening.
9) cuttage and seedling culture is transplanted: the about seeding row spacing 8 * 15cm of cuttage and seedling culture density, and the cuttage in spring is directly planted mode with above-mentioned cuttage in spring; Summer and autumn, cottage method was: get 2-3 and give birth to the stem bar, be cut into the cutting of 3 joints, wipe out blade, reach bud bud and sprig on 2 joints in bottom, stay the bud bud of 1 joint in top, soak 20～30min with the soup of green plant growth regulator GGR200mg/l, oblique cutting is imbedded bed soil, water permeablely, keep ground moistening.
10) field management, weeding in time, water, fertilising and draining.
11) thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings, the back height of seedling 3～5cm time thinning of emerging, and final singling during height of seedling 8～10cm is in time filled the gaps with seedlings to the place of being short of seedling.
12) the 6-7 month, every mu imposes the cake fertilizer 30kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed and adds calcium magnesium phosphorus 25kg, perhaps compound fertilizer 30kg.
13) pluck flower bud and prune, except that seed field, squaring period bud is all extractd, to reduce the consumption of nutrient in plant.The branches and leaves clump crosses when dense, cuts centre and bottom branches and leaves between suitably, makes it ventilation and penetrating light, and it is prosperous to avoid branches and leaves to nourish and grow.
14) built when height of seedling 30～50cm, at built in the ranks, is climbed growth for plant with bamboo branch or branch.
15) extermination of disease and insect pest
Any damage by disease and insect does not almost appear in root of Chinese clematis wild state, and the damage by disease and insect of finding on artificial planting at present also only is accidental powdery mildew and eats seedling tender leaf insect black cutworm, snail.
The powdery mildew large tracts of land took place at the beginning of 5 months by the end of April every year, and every 7～10d alternately spray 15% triadimefon wetting powder 800 times liquid or 50% carbendazol wettable powder 500 times liquid controlled disease before arriving rainy season.
Black cutworm prevents and treats method: (1) is contained the phase of sending out at winter generation adult and is adopted light or sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult.(2) artificial seizure can be taked in the serious plot of causing harm.(3) with 90% crystal chlorophos 0.5kg, add water 2.5～5kg, mix vegetable leaf or bright careless 50kg makes poison bait, every 667m
2, use poison bait 10kg, trap and kill larva.(4) with 800 times of liquid of 80% chlorophos wetting powder or 1000 times of liquid irrigating roots of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate.
The method that prevents of snail harm: powder or use the 8% snail spirit granule that goes out, dose 1.5g/m on the ground limes
2Can play good preventive and therapeutic effect.
16) processing of gathering, plant back 2 years in autumn end to winter, when root of Chinese clematis growth stops to fall leaves dormancy, take root system, remove cauline leaf, clean earth, dry after the segment.
17) detect the qualified back of testing result packing storage or sell by clematis chinensis medicinal materials standard in content and the industry under " Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China 2005 version one one " root of Chinese clematis item.
2. the kind method for planting of the root of Chinese clematis according to claim 1 is characterized in that, seminal propagation must be used seed then.Seed germinating time is longer, and germination temperature is 15～25 ℃, and the germination thermophilic is about 20 ℃.
3. the kind method for planting of the root of Chinese clematis according to claim 1 is characterized in that, seeding row spacing is selected about 20-45cm more suitable, and wherein optimal selection is 30cm.
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| CN102598994A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-07-25 | 常熟市新靓文辅亚农艺发展有限公司 | Method for artificial cultivation of Delphinium grandiflorum |
| CN103733825A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-04-23 | 钱坤 | Method for cultivating Huzhou clematis |
| CN104170616A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-12-03 | 宁国千方中药发展有限公司 | Artificial cultivation method of radix clematidis |
| CN104170619A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-12-03 | 重庆市黔昆生态农业开发有限公司 | Good-quality high-yield planting method for Chinese medical herbs |
| CN105028151B (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2018-01-23 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of method of mapler leaf clematis introduction and acclimatization breeding |
| CN105028151A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2015-11-11 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Clematis acerifolia Maxim. introduction and domestication propagation method |
| CN105746285A (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2016-07-13 | 苏州星火园艺科技开发中心 | Efficient holly cultivation method |
| CN106134836A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-23 | 广西南宁十分园生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of Radix Clematidis cuttage vegetative propagation method |
| CN106376327A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-08 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Artificial cultivation method for Clematis brevicaudata |
| CN107047051A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-08-18 | 湖州师范学院 | The bionic cultivation method of the mao bamboon forest interplanting root of Chinese clematis |
| CN108605463A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-10-02 | 西藏农牧学院 | A method of promote printing line lotus seed in thick calyx to sprout |
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