CN111316855A - Lingwu long jujube tree high-ridge cultivation method - Google Patents
Lingwu long jujube tree high-ridge cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111316855A CN111316855A CN202010140119.4A CN202010140119A CN111316855A CN 111316855 A CN111316855 A CN 111316855A CN 202010140119 A CN202010140119 A CN 202010140119A CN 111316855 A CN111316855 A CN 111316855A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
A Lingwu long jujube tree high-ridge cultivation method comprises the following steps: ridging, wherein the jujube trees are fixedly planted on ridge surfaces of the ridges, drip irrigation pipes are laid on the ridge surfaces of the ridges, and the ridge surfaces of the ridges are not covered with mulching films.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a high-ridge cultivation method for Lingwu long jujube trees.
Background
The Lingwu long jujube is a good cultivation variety of Ningxia special economic forest, has long cultivation history, fresh fruits, delicious fruit taste, crisp texture and strong adaptability, and is a good local characteristic variety of fresh foods. So far, the cultivation area of Lingwu long jujube has been reached. The method has the advantages of enlarging planting area, developing the long jujube industry, playing an important role in increasing local farmer income, improving agricultural efficiency and adjusting agricultural industrial structure, along with remarkable economic and ecological benefits.
The conventional planting mode of Lingwu long jujube is that the level land is planted, for suppressing weeds, when planting jujube tree, some still lay black plastic film, the problem that the level land was planted: firstly, the flat land planting mode is adopted, the ventilation effect of the soil is poor, and the unvented soil or the insufficient oxygen of the soil is one of the main limiting factors of the crop growth; secondly, nutrition competition exists among the jujube trees, planting density is affected, individual development is unbalanced, and fruit yield is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need for a high-ridge cultivation method for lingwu long jujube trees with improved aeration effect and high fruit yield.
A Lingwu long jujube tree high-ridge cultivation method comprises the following steps:
ridging;
planting the jujube trees on the ridge surfaces of the ridges;
laying drip irrigation pipes on the ridge surfaces of the ridges;
and mulching films are not covered on the ridge surfaces of the ridges.
Preferably, the ridge height of the ridge is smaller than the upper ridge width of the ridge.
Preferably, the ridge height of the ridge is 1/3-1/2 of the upper ridge width.
Preferably, the width of the lower ridge of the ridge is 1.5 m.
Preferably, the side surfaces of the two sides of the ridge are inclined planes.
Preferably, the distance between two adjacent ridge surfaces is larger than the planting distance of the jujube trees on a single ridge surface.
Preferably, the spacing between two adjacent jujube trees is 2 m.
Preferably, the jujube trees on each ridge surface are planted in a single row.
Preferably, the jujube trees are subjected to drip irrigation by using water and fertilizer integrated equipment.
Preferably, the white clover is grown in furrow.
According to the method, the jujube trees are planted on the ridge surface in a high-ridge cultivation mode, nutrition competition of the jujube trees between two adjacent ridges is avoided, planting density is improved, the jujube trees on the same ridge are planted on the ridge surface according to the principle of air root pruning, the root system growth radius of the jujube trees is small due to air in a furrow, nutrition competition with other jujube trees is reduced, the planting density is further improved, the jujube trees grow in an individual balanced mode, the situation that partial jujube trees grow fast and partial jujube trees grow slowly to influence yield is avoided, the method is beneficial to enabling the individual jujube trees to synchronize flower and fruit periods, water and fertilizer are controlled in a centralized mode in the flower and fruit periods, the water and fertilizer utilization rate is effectively provided, and the fruit yield is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the comparison of yield of single Lingwu long jujube plants under different cultivation modes.
FIG. 2 is a comparison of transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of Lingwu Changzao date fruit under different cultivation modes.
FIG. 3 is a comparison of the weight of each lingwu jujube fruit under different cultivation modes.
FIG. 4 is a comparison of the volume of single Lingwu long jujube fruit under different cultivation modes.
FIG. 5 is a comparison of soluble solid content of Lingwu date fruit under different cultivation modes.
FIG. 6 is a comparison of soluble sugar in the fruit of Lingwu jujube under different cultivation modes.
FIG. 7 shows the Vc content comparison of Lingwu Changzao fruits under different cultivation modes.
FIG. 8 is a comparison of anthocyanin content in Ziziphus jujuba fruits under different cultivation modes.
FIG. 9 is a schematic of the experimental design.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of jujube trees in different cultivation modes.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will further describe the embodiments.
The embodiment of the invention provides a Lingwu long jujube tree high-ridge cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
ridging;
planting the jujube trees on the ridge surfaces of the ridges;
laying drip irrigation pipes on the ridge surfaces of the ridges;
and mulching films are not covered on the ridge surfaces of the ridges.
According to the method, the jujube trees are planted on the ridge surface in a high-ridge cultivation mode, nutrition competition of the jujube trees between two adjacent ridges is avoided, planting density is improved, the jujube trees on the same ridge are planted on the ridge surface according to the principle of air root pruning, the root system growth radius of the jujube trees is small due to air in a furrow, nutrition competition with other jujube trees is reduced, the planting density is further improved, the jujube trees grow in an individual balanced mode, the situation that partial jujube trees grow fast and partial jujube trees grow slowly to influence yield is avoided, the method is beneficial to enabling the individual jujube trees to synchronize flower and fruit periods, water and fertilizer are controlled in a centralized mode in the flower and fruit periods, the water and fertilizer utilization rate is effectively provided, and the fruit yield is improved.
According to the invention, the soil density of the high ridge cultivation mode is lower than that of the conventional flat land cultivation mode, the soil structure is improved, the soil ventilation is increased, the two sides of the ridge are provided with the furrows which are fully contacted with the air, the air permeability of the soil is further improved, compared with the oxygen increasing irrigation mode, the facility maintenance cost is low, the oxygen increasing irrigation mode is adopted, the oxygen content in the soil is single, the corresponding beneficial microorganism population is single, and the high ridge cultivation mode has different heights and depths in the ridge, the oxygen content range is large, and the corresponding beneficial microorganism population is rich.
According to the invention, a soil layer can be thickened, the deep growth range of the root system is expanded, the root system is promoted to grow well, the water content of the soil is adjusted through drainage and artificial irrigation, the occurrence of rain and waterlogging disasters is prevented, and the occurrence of fruit tree diseases is avoided or alleviated.
The Ningxia Linwu area has sandy loam soil as soil and low air permeability, and is planted in conventional flat land, so that it is difficult to raise the air permeability of soil.
Further, the ridge height of the ridge is smaller than the upper ridge width of the ridge.
In the embodiment, the root systems of the jujube trees are mainly distributed at 0-40cm, and the proper ridge height is more economical.
Furthermore, the ridge height of the ridge is 1/3-1/2 of the upper ridge width.
Further, the width of the lower ridge of the ridge is 1.5 m.
Furthermore, the side surfaces of the two sides of the ridge are inclined planes.
In this embodiment, the shape of ridge is isosceles trapezoid, and trapezoidal ridge is favorable to the storage of moisture, goes up the ridge and forms the inclined plane between the ridge down and has increased the contact surface of soil layer and air, can also absorb more solar energy, can have the soil temperature that increases.
Further, the distance between two adjacent ridge surfaces is larger than the planting distance of the jujube trees on a single ridge surface.
Furthermore, the plant spacing between two adjacent jujube trees is 2 m.
Furthermore, the jujube trees on each ridge surface are planted in a single row.
Further, the jujube trees are subjected to drip irrigation by using water and fertilizer integrated equipment.
Furthermore, white clover is grown in the furrow.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples and comparative examples, which are intended to illustrate the invention in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way.
Test materials: the test base is located in Ningxia Lingwu, 8-year-old grafted Ningxia Lingwu date is used as test material, and the black mulching film for test is 0.012mm thick polyethylene mulching film produced by Xinhuaqiao plastic plant in Lingwu city and has width of 120 cm.
And (3) experimental design: this test includes two factors: the planting mode and whether lay black plastic film, wherein planting mode divide into high ridge planting and conventional planting two levels, and another factor is whether to lay black plastic film, contains two levels, and the planting mode is detailed in table 1.
TABLE 1 design of the experiments
For high ridge cultivation, ridge height is 0.4m, upper ridge width is 1.2m, lower ridge width is 1.5m, drip irrigation pipes are laid on the ridge surface, a conventional planting mode is used for planting on a flat ground, two planting modes begin to process within 2019, 4 and 9 months, the row spacing of each planting mode is 2 × 3m, the other factor is whether black mulching films are laid, the laying time and the ridging time are the same, all white clover grows between rows of fruit trees, clean tillage is performed within 1.2m of a conventional planting tree tray, the jujube trees which are consistent in size and robust in growth are selected as test sample plants, three districts are randomly distributed in each district, 5 trees are processed in each district, 60 jujube trees are totally processed, the distribution of the jujube trees with different planting modes is shown in figure 10, all the jujube trees are uniformly managed, pruning is performed in ten days after march, organic fertilizer application and test treatment are performed in the early quarter, and water and fertilizer management is performed by adopting water and fertilizer integrated equipment.
Results and analysis: the detection results are shown in fig. 1 to 8, wherein the conventional planting on flat ground is represented by CK, the mulching on flat ground is represented by PDM, the cultivation on high ridges is represented by GL, the cultivation on high ridges is represented by GLM, the planting of jujube trees in different cultivation modes is represented by the experimental design schematic diagram in fig. 9, the treatment with different capital letters (A, B, C) in the diagram is significant at the 0.01 level, the treatment with different lowercase letters (a, b, c) in the diagram is significant at the 0.05 level, no letters are marked, and the difference between the treatments is not significant.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the yield of the Lingwu long jujube plants under different cultivation modes is very different. The yield of each Lingwu long jujube can be improved by flat land mulching cultivation, high ridge cultivation and high ridge mulching cultivation compared with CK, wherein the yield of each Lingwu long jujube in the high ridge cultivation can reach as high as 31.00kg, and is increased by 28.29% compared with CK.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the transverse diameters of the Lingwu long jujube fruits in different cultivation modes are significantly different (P is less than 0.05), the transverse diameter of the fruits cultivated in high ridges is the largest, and the transverse diameter of the fruits covered with high ridges is the smallest. The longitudinal diameter of the fruit cultivated by high ridge film covering is obviously different from the longitudinal diameter of the fruit cultivated by flat land film covering and high ridge, and the longitudinal diameter of the fruit cultivated by flat land film covering and high ridge is obviously larger than that of the fruit cultivated by high ridge film covering.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the fresh weight of each fruit of Lingwu long jujube cultivated in high ridges and high ridge mulching cultivation has significant difference, and the fresh weight of each fruit in four cultivation modes is as follows: high ridge cultivation > CK > flat land mulching cultivation > high ridge mulching cultivation. The maximum fresh weight of single fruits cultivated in high ridges is 19.53g, the minimum fresh weight of single fruits cultivated in high ridge mulching is 15.81g, and the fresh weights of single fruits cultivated in high ridges and high ridge mulching are respectively increased by 12.31% and reduced by 9.09% compared with CK.
The size of the fruit is one of the important indexes of the appearance quality of the fruit, the fruit has large volume and uniform shape, the commodity is better, and the market price is higher. Generally, the longitudinal and transverse diameters of Lingwu jujubes are used as important indexes for judging the sizes of fruits, however, the variability of the shapes of the fruits is large, and the method for judging the sizes of the fruits by only using the longitudinal and transverse diameters is obviously not scientific. Therefore, the size of the Lingwu date fruits is measured by adopting a drainage method, the measured size of the fruits is used as a measurement index of the size of the fruits, and as can be seen from figure 4, the size of the Lingwu date fruits in different cultivation modes has no obvious difference. The three treatments can promote the fruit volume of the Lingwu long jujube, and the promotion effect is represented by high ridge cultivation, flat land mulching cultivation and high ridge mulching cultivation.
The soluble solid of the fruit is the total of substances such as sugar, acid, vitamins, mineral substances and the like which can be dissolved in water in the fruit, and the soluble solid not only directly influences the edible quality of the Lingwu long jujube, but also influences the commodity value, the storage and transportation performance and the like of the fruit. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the soluble solid content of the Lingwu long jujube in different cultivation modes is significantly different (P < 0.05), wherein the content of the CK soluble solid is the lowest and is 27.58%, the soluble sugar content of the fruit can be improved through other treatments, the increase of the high ridge cultivation is most significant, the content of the CK soluble solid is 29.87%, and is increased by 8.30% compared with the CK.
Soluble sugar in the Lingwu jujube fruits is an important index for evaluating the flavor and the quality of the Lingwu jujube fruits. As can be seen from FIG. 6, there are very significant differences (P < 0.01) in the soluble sugar content of the Lingwu jujube fruits in different cultivation modes, the maximum soluble sugar content of the fruits cultivated in high ridges is 25.40%, the second soluble sugar content of the film covered on flat ground is 25.00%, and the soluble sugar content of the fruits cultivated in high ridges and the fruits cultivated in film covered on flat ground is increased by 16.35% and 14.52% respectively compared with CK.
As can be seen from FIG. 7, the Vc content of the fruit cultivated in the high ridge and the high ridge in the CK cultivation mode is greatly different from that of the fruit cultivated in the high ridge and the flat land in the high ridge, the Vc content of the fruit cultivated in the high ridge is greatly higher than that of the fruit cultivated in the high ridge and the high ridge in the CK cultivation mode, the Vc content of the fruit cultivated in the high ridge is 58.87mg/100g at most, and is increased by 11.43% compared with that of the fruit cultivated in. The Vc content of flat ground film mulching cultivation is obviously lower than that of CK and high ridge film mulching cultivation, the Vc content of flat ground film mulching cultivation is 45.67mg/100g at the lowest, and is reduced by 13.55% compared with CK. The Vc content of the Lingwu Changzao jujube fruits under four cultivation modes is as follows on the whole: high ridge cultivation > CK > high ridge film mulching cultivation > flat land film mulching cultivation.
The anthocyanin is the most important type of water-soluble flavonoid pigment, endows the fruits with colorful colors and also has medicinal value, as can be seen from figure 8, the influence of 4 cultivation modes on the anthocyanin content of the zizyphus cizyphus jujuba fruits is not obvious, and the anthocyanin content of the zizyphus cizyphus juba fruits under different cultivation modes is as follows in the whole: high ridge cultivation > CK > flat land mulching cultivation > high ridge mulching cultivation.
In conclusion, the yield of each plant, the weight of each fruit, the volume, the content of soluble solid matters, the content of soluble sugar and the content of Vc of the Lingwu long jujubes cultured on the high ridges are respectively increased by 28.29 percent, 12.31 percent, 2.84 percent, 8.30 percent, 25.40 percent and 11.43 percent compared with the CK, and the yield, the weight, the volume, the content of soluble solid matters, the content of soluble sugar and the content of Vc are all higher than. The yield increasing and efficiency increasing effects are most obvious.
The steps in the method of the embodiment of the invention can be sequentially adjusted, combined and deleted according to actual needs.
The modules or units in the device of the embodiment of the invention can be combined, divided and deleted according to actual needs.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A Lingwu long jujube tree high-ridge cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
ridging;
planting the jujube trees on the ridge surfaces of the ridges;
laying drip irrigation pipes on the ridge surfaces of the ridges;
and mulching films are not covered on the ridge surfaces of the ridges.
2. The method for cultivating Lingwu long jujube trees on high ridges according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the ridge height of the ridge is smaller than the upper ridge width of the ridge.
3. The method for cultivating Lingwu long jujube trees on high ridges according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the ridge height of the ridge is 1/3-1/2 of the upper ridge width.
4. The method for cultivating Lingwu long jujube trees on high ridges according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the width of the lower ridge of the ridge is 1.5 m.
5. The method for cultivating Lingwu long jujube trees on high ridges according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the side surfaces of the two sides of the ridge are inclined planes.
6. The method for cultivating Lingwu long jujube trees on high ridges according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the distance between two adjacent ridge surfaces is larger than the planting distance of the jujube trees on a single ridge surface.
7. The method for cultivating Lingwu long jujube trees on high ridges according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the plant spacing between two adjacent jujube trees is 2 m.
8. The method for cultivating Lingwu long jujube trees on high ridges according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the jujube trees on each ridge surface are planted in a single row.
9. The method for cultivating Lingwu long jujube trees on high ridges according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the jujube trees are subjected to drip irrigation by using water and fertilizer integrated equipment.
10. The method for cultivating Lingwu long jujube trees on high ridges according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: white clover grows in the furrow.
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