CN110073895B - Planting method for interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata in facility cultivation of dragon fruits - Google Patents
Planting method for interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata in facility cultivation of dragon fruits Download PDFInfo
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- CN110073895B CN110073895B CN201910442995.XA CN201910442995A CN110073895B CN 110073895 B CN110073895 B CN 110073895B CN 201910442995 A CN201910442995 A CN 201910442995A CN 110073895 B CN110073895 B CN 110073895B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1407—Greenhouses of flexible synthetic material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Mycology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a planting method for interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata in pitaya cultivated by a facility, wherein the pitaya is planted in a row mode in a facility greenhouse, the ridge width is 120cm, and the ridge height is 20 cm; the method comprises the following steps: s1: preparing soil and making a mushroom bed, and reserving a groove of 40cm between the two rows of dragon fruit planting rows; s2: processing the culture materials, namely after harvesting straws in 10 months, paving fresh, dry and mildew-free straws with the thickness of 30-40 cm on a mushroom bed, pulling the drip irrigation of the dragon fruits to the middle of the mushroom bed, pouring water thoroughly, covering soil with the thickness of 1-2cm, and fermenting for 7-10 days; s3: sowing, namely forming mushroom blocks into a shape like a Chinese character 'pin' along a mushroom bed; s4: and (4) temperature management, namely covering the outer membrane when the daily average temperature is reduced to 10 ℃, and covering the inner membrane when the daily average temperature outside the shed is reduced to 5 ℃. The method disclosed by the invention is simple, the temperature of the facility greenhouse can be increased by interplanting the stropharia rugoso-annulata in the dragon fruit facility greenhouse in winter, and the dragon fruits are prevented from being frozen; the greenhouse resources are fully utilized, and the orchard benefit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree and edible mushroom cultivation, in particular to a method for interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata in pitaya cultivated by means of facility.
Background
The initial flowering period of the dragon fruits cultivated in the facilities in Hubei is 6 months, the fruit harvesting period is finished in the middle of 11 months, and the overwintering management period is from 12 months to 5 months in the next year and is in the production leisure period. In order to reasonably utilize land resources, fully utilize greenhouse resources and improve orchard benefits, the invention provides a planting mode for interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata in pitaya greenhouse.
The stropharia rugoso-annulata is a higher fungus of stropharia rugoso-annulata in stropharia, can form large-scale sporocarp or sclerotium tissue, is one of ten mushrooms in the international mushroom trading market, is also one of special varieties recommended by world Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to developing countries, is a fresh and bright edible fungus which is just prosperous in recent years in China, is fresh and beautiful, has thick and fat legs, tender fresh mushroom meat, crisp mushroom stem, is rich in protein, vitamins, various amino acids and the like, has the name of meat in vegetables, and has better effects of preventing coronary heart disease, helping digestion, relieving human body mental fatigue and the like.
The stropharia rugoso-annulata is typical straw rotting fungi, the culture material is straw, wheat straw and other crop straws, the source is wide, the price is low, a large amount of crop straws can be consumed, and the ecological cycle utilization improves the comprehensive benefit. At present, the stropharia rugoso-annulata is mostly cultivated in the winter fallow field by using pure straw, the stropharia rugoso-annulata is deeply loved by consumers, the stropharia rugoso-annulata is cultivated by using the pure straw only in the winter fallow field, the market demand can not be met, mushroom farmers gradually occupy a large amount of high-quality land to cultivate the stropharia rugoso-annulata manually, in addition, the cultivation raw materials are single, and various restriction factors influence the cultivation popularization of the stropharia rugoso-annulata.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for improving the microenvironment in a facility by interplanting pitaya and stropharia rugoso-annulata in the facility cultivation.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a planting method for interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata in pitaya cultivated by a facility comprises the following steps:
the dragon fruits in the facility greenhouse are planted in rows, the ridge width is 120cm, and the ridge height is 20 cm;
s1: soil preparation mushroom making bed
Reserving a 40cm ditch between the two rows of dragon fruit planting rows for facilitating drainage and cultivation management, turning and airing the ground from the ditch edge to a position 20cm away from the dragon fruit plants, stacking a part of the soil with rotten and cured surface layers in the ditch, and covering soil at the later stage;
s2: treatment of compost
After the straws are harvested in 10 months, paving fresh, dry and mildew-free straws with the thickness of 30-40 cm on a mushroom bed, pulling the drip irrigation of the dragon fruits to the middle of the mushroom bed, thoroughly watering, covering soil with the thickness of 1-2cm, and fermenting for 7-10 days;
s3: seeding
Pulling fungus sticks into fungus blocks with walnut sizes, placing the fungus blocks in 3 rows along a mushroom bed in a shape like a Chinese character 'pin' at intervals of about 15-20 cm, then paving a layer of rice husks or straws with the thickness of 4-5 cm, carrying out drip irrigation and watering, keeping the fungus blocks moist, and fruiting within 45-60 days;
s4: temperature management
When the average temperature of the greenhouse is reduced to 10 ℃, covering the outer membrane, and when the average temperature of the greenhouse is reduced to 5 ℃, covering the inner membrane, so as to ensure that the dragon fruits are not frozen and promote the early fruiting of the stropharia rugoso-annulata.
The method has the advantages that the stropharia rugoso-annulata is interplanted in the leisure period of the facility dragon fruit production:
1. the temperature of the facility greenhouse can be increased by interplanting the stropharia rugoso-annulata in the dragon fruit facility greenhouse in winter, and the dragon fruits are prevented from being frozen;
2. the greenhouse resources are fully utilized, and the orchard benefit is improved;
3. the yield and the quality of the dragon fruits can be improved by interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata;
4. a large amount of crop straws are consumed, the waste of resources is reduced, the waste materials after the stropharia rugoso-annulata is cultivated can be directly returned to the field, and the soil fertility is improved;
5. provides fresh and tender edible fungi for consumers and also provides the fun of picking the edible fungi.
Detailed Description
The following will describe in detail preferred embodiments of the invention:
summary of experimental dragon orchards:
the dragon orchard adopts a double-layer galvanized steel pipe greenhouse, polyethylene anti-aging non-drip films are used for the greenhouse films, the width of an outer greenhouse is 8 m, the height of the outer greenhouse is 3 m, the length of the outer greenhouse is 72 m, the width of an inner greenhouse is 7.6 m, the height of the inner greenhouse is 2.7 m, the space between the inner greenhouse and the outer greenhouse is 1 m-1.5 m, the row spacing is 2 m-2.1 m, 3 rows of dragon fruits are planted in a row mode, and stropharia rugoso-annulata is planted between the rows of the.
1. Cultivation of strains and culture materials: stropharia rugosoannulata strains for test cultivation are purchased from Fujian, and the culture medium is fresh, dry and mildew-free straw.
2. And (3) experimental design:
selecting 6 dragon fruit greenhouses with similar growth vigor, randomly selecting 3 greenhouses to interplant stropharia rugoso-annulata, called as a set of seed groups, and leaving 3 greenhouses to be not interplanted as a control group, called as a control group. The experimental sowing time is 10 months and 15 days in 2017, and the planting is carried out according to the method. And (4) counting the yield of the stropharia rugoso-annulata and the yield and the quality of the dragon fruits at the later stage, and measuring the temperature and the ground temperature in the greenhouse.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
making mushroom bed for soil preparation
Reserving a 40cm ditch between the two rows of dragon fruit planting rows for facilitating drainage and cultivation management, turning and airing the ground from the ditch edge to a position 20cm away from the dragon fruit plants, stacking a part of the soil with rotten and cured surface layers in the ditch, and covering soil at the later stage;
treatment of compost
After the straws are harvested in 10 months, fresh, dry and mildew-free straws with the thickness of 30-40 cm are paved on a mushroom bed, the dragon fruits are pulled to the middle of the mushroom bed through drip irrigation, water is poured, soil with the thickness of 1-2cm is covered, and fermentation is carried out for 7-10 days.
Thirdly, sowing
And (3) pulling fungus sticks into walnut-sized fungus blocks, placing the walnut-sized fungus blocks in a mode of being shaped like a Chinese character 'pin' along a mushroom bed at intervals of about 15-20 cm, then paving a layer of rice husks or straws with the thickness of 4-5 cm, carrying out drip irrigation and watering, keeping the humidity, and fruiting within 45-60 days.
Fourth, temperature management
When the average temperature of the greenhouse is reduced to 10 ℃, covering the outer membrane, and when the average temperature of the greenhouse is reduced to 5 ℃, covering the inner membrane, so that the early fruiting of the stropharia rugoso-annulata can be promoted while preventing the dragon fruits from being frozen.
1. Planting stropharia rugoso-annulata in open field in Hubei, sowing in 10 months, and largely fruiting at the bottom of 3 months, wherein the harvesting period is 3-5 months; the dragon fruit cultivated by the facility is interplanted with the stropharia rugoso-annulata and the stropharia rugoso-annulata is grown in large amount, the harvest period is prolonged to 4 months, the dragon fruit comes into the market 3 months earlier, and the benefit is doubled. Meanwhile, the temperature requirement of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is the same as that of the dragon fruits, when the average temperature of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is reduced to 10 ℃ in the day, the outer membrane is covered, and when the average temperature of the dragon fruits outside the shed is reduced to 5 ℃, the inner membrane is covered, so that the stropharia rugoso-annulata can be promoted to grow out in advance while the freeze injury of the dragon fruits is avoided.
2. The yield and the quality of the dragon fruits can be improved by interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata, the yield is improved by 10.47 percent, and the soluble solid is improved by 2.2 percent.
And (3) test results:
3.1 yield of Stropharia rugosoannulata
The average yield of interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata in the set of groups is 631.6 kg, and the yield per mu is 1565 kg.
Yield of Stropharia rugosoannulata
3.2 yield and quality of Pitaya
The fruiting characteristics of the pitaya are that the pitaya blossoms for multiple times and fruits are obtained for multiple times, in the experiment, the pitaya is collected for 5 times, and the collection dates are 8 and 10 days in 2018, 22 days in 8 months, 25 days in 9 months, 18 days in 10 months and 26 days in 11 months. The average yield of the interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata dragon fruits is 1782 kg, the average yield of the control group of the dragon fruits is 1613 kg, and the yield of the interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata dragon fruits is improved by 10.47 percent.
Yield of dragon fruit
The yield is increased mainly because the temperature in the facility is increased, the accumulated temperature of the dragon fruits is increased, the dragon fruits bloom and bear fruits early, and the freeze injury is eliminated or reduced.
The interplanting of the stropharia rugoso-annulata also improves the quality of the dragon fruits, the weight of a single fruit is increased by 7.3 percent, the soluble solid content is improved by 2.2 percent, and the fruit shape is more similar to a sphere.
Quality of dragon fruit
3.3 air temperature and ground temperature of greenhouse
The air temperature and the ground temperature in the greenhouse can be obviously improved by interplanting the pitaya and the stropharia rugoso-annulata, the heat released in the growth process of the stropharia rugoso-annulata and the heat released by poured water, the average air temperature is improved by 2.0 ℃ in 12-2 months, and the average ground temperature is improved by 2.5 ℃ in months.
Average temperature of greenhouse moon (12-2 months)
Average ground temperature of greenhouse moon (12-2 months)
Claims (2)
1. A planting method for interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata in pitaya cultivated by a facility is characterized by comprising the following steps: the dragon fruits in the facility greenhouse are planted in rows, the ridge width is 120cm, and the ridge height is 20 cm;
s1: preparing soil and preparing a mushroom bed:
reserving a ditch of 40cm between two rows of dragon fruit planting rows for facilitating drainage and cultivation management, wherein the ditch is arranged at the edge of the ditch to be far away from the dragon fruit plants
Turning over the ground at 20cm, airing, stacking a part of soil with rotten and cured surface in the ditch, and covering soil at the later stage;
s2: treatment of compost
After the straws are harvested in 10 months, fresh, dry and mildewless straws with the thickness of 30-40 cm are paved on a mushroom bed, and the dragon fruits are subjected to drop irrigation
Pulling the mushroom to the middle of a mushroom bed, watering thoroughly, covering with soil with the thickness of 1-2cm, and fermenting for 7-10 days;
s3: sowing:
pulling the fungus sticks into walnut-sized fungus blocks, placing the walnut-sized fungus blocks in 3 rows along the finished product shape of the mushroom bed at intervals of 15-20 cm, and then spreading the walnut-sized fungus blocks
Drip irrigation and watering a layer of rice hulls or straws with the thickness of 4-5 cm, keeping the rice hulls or straws moist, and fruiting for 45-60 days;
s4: temperature management:
when the average temperature of the greenhouse is reduced to 10 ℃, covering the outer membrane, and when the average temperature of the greenhouse is reduced to 5 ℃, covering the inner membrane, so as to ensure that the dragon fruits are not frozen and promote the early fruiting of the stropharia rugoso-annulata.
2. The planting method of claim 1, wherein a dragon orchard adopts a double-layer galvanized steel pipe greenhouse and greenhouse film
Polyethylene anti-aging non-drip film is used, the width of an outer shed is 8 m, the height is 3 m, the length is 72 m, the width of an inner shed is 7.6 m, the height is 2.7 m, the shed interval is 1 m-1.5 m, the row spacing is 2 m-2.1 m, 3 rows of dragon fruits are planted in rows, and stropharia rugoso-annulata is planted among the rows of the dragon fruits.
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| CN111887097B (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2021-11-30 | 山东省食品发酵工业研究设计院 | Method for regularly and efficiently cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata in cherry greenhouse |
| CN112868461A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-01 | 萍乡市农业科学研究所 | Three-dimensional interplanting method for red-heart pitaya, okra and stropharia rugoso-annulata |
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| CN1875682A (en) * | 2006-07-04 | 2006-12-13 | 彭俊 | Stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation method |
| CN104641928A (en) * | 2013-11-24 | 2015-05-27 | 岑熙 | Production method for interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata in orchard |
| CN106561259A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-04-19 | 南通市金土地生态农业有限公司 | Dragon fruit intercropping method |
| CN206641084U (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2017-11-17 | 南通科技职业学院 | A kind of New-type green house for being used to plant dragon fruit |
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