CN106986677A - The method that common greenhouse double-row type plantation dragon fruit interplants watermelon - Google Patents
The method that common greenhouse double-row type plantation dragon fruit interplants watermelon Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106986677A CN106986677A CN201710302895.8A CN201710302895A CN106986677A CN 106986677 A CN106986677 A CN 106986677A CN 201710302895 A CN201710302895 A CN 201710302895A CN 106986677 A CN106986677 A CN 106986677A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- watermelon
- greenhouse
- fruit
- meter
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that common greenhouse double-row type plantation dragon fruit interplants watermelon, including plant the steps such as dragon fruit, interplanting watermelon；Planting dragon fruit includes beam-connected greenhouse construction, breeding apolegamy, implantation time and method, field management step；The steps such as interplanting watermelon is poured water including greenhouse watermelon variety selection, the selection of greenhouse watermelon stock variety, greenhouse watermelon seed treatment, greenhouse watermelon cultivation seedtime and mode, grafting, greenhouse watermelon field planting, canopy Watermelon Fertilization, greenhouse watermelon cultivation, greenhouse watermelon cultivation field management, the preventing and treating of greenhouse watermelon cultivation pest and disease damage.The inventive method is rationally, easy to operate, increases economic efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The method that dragon fruit interplants watermelon is planted the present invention relates to a kind of.
Background technology
Dragon fruit belong to the torrid zone, subtropical fruit, drought-enduring, high temperature resistant, light, to soil property require it is not tight, level land, hillside,
It can plant, most suitable soil pH value is 6-7.5 sandstone, be preferably selected the soil plantation that organic matter is abundant and drainage is good.
Dragon fruit uses greenhouse gardening intolerant to frost, area of the winter temperature less than 0 DEG C.How product and economic benefit are improved, be long
The pursuit of those skilled in the art since phase.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method rationally, conveniently, the common greenhouse for effectively improving economic benefit is double
The method that formula plantation dragon fruit interplants watermelon.
The present invention technical solution be：
A kind of method that common greenhouse double-row type plantation dragon fruit interplants watermelon, it is characterized in that：Comprise the following steps：
（One）Plant dragon fruit
（1）Common greenhouse construction
Common 8 meters of greenhouse width, north-south is often magnified canopy and is advisable with 1 mu, covering material is plastic sheeting；
（2）Breeding is matched
Red meat type selecting pearl is imperial or red celestial sweet No. 1, plain boiled pork type selecting Bai Yulong；
（3）Implantation time and method
Dragon fruit implantation time is 3~November；
Common greenhouse dragon fruit plantation is using double-row type plantation：8 meters of roomy canopies, arrange 2 plant ridges, by wide 2 meters on the furrow of ridge, under
It is wide 2.4 meters, wide 0.8 meter on the inter-drain of ridge, wide 0.5 meter under ditch, 0.3 meter of ditch depth.It is each 1.1 meters wide by canopy side ridge furrow, between plant ridge
It is wide 0.5 meter on ditch, lower wide 0.3 meter, 0.2 meter of ditch depth；1 row's dragon fruit of each cultivation in plant ridge center line both sides, 0.5 meter of narrow row distance,
0.25 meter of spacing in the rows, 667 square metres are planted 1000 plants, are implanted into 3-5cm depths；It is barricaded as ladder at a distance of 2 meters of two row's concrete columns or steel pipe
Shape makees supporter, is tensed with galvanized wire；Concrete column or 0.3 meter of underground of steel pipe embedment, 1.5 meters of ground, 1.8 meters of cylinder overall length, cement
With reinforced bar support in post, 0.1 meter × 0.1 meter × 1.8 meters of cylinder is made, and make symmetrical aperture at 0.1 meter of top, use steel wire
It is formed through first of steel wire, second steel wire is apart from 1 meter of ground, and the 3rd road steel wire is apart from 0.5 meter, topmost first of ground
Soft matter is wrapped up on steel wire, in order to which dragon fruit is sagging without being broken；The organic fertilizer fermented is uniformly imposed on into ridge furrow before plant,
Growth period, colligation seedling is on steel wire；When branch is grown to above per pass galvanized wire, branch is fixed on galvanized wire, to the top lead
Behind silk top, trimming in time stays 2 branches sagging, as fruitful branch per seedling；
（4）Field management
Cultural technique is as follows：
A) moisturizing：Fruiting period keeps ground moistening, and tree disk is covered with grass；When weather is arid, a water is filled within 3-4 days；
B) pinching：When branch grow to 1.3-1.4m it is long when pinching, promote branch, and allow branch to naturally droop；
C) planted and artificial pollination between：When planting dragon fruit, based on red meat Type Type, the flue of the plain boiled pork type of a kind 10%
Really；Mutually pollinated between kind；If meeting rainy weather, artificial pollination is carried out；In the dusk, the flowers are in blossom or early morning flower is not yet closed for pollination
Before conjunction, directly pollen is coated onto on female chapiter with writing brush；
D) branch is trimmed：The branch for tying fruit is wiped out after annual fruit picking, allows it to re-emit shoot, to ensure the yield in the coming year；
E) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Dragon fruit disease pest is less, and Seedling Stage uses insecticide control easily by snail and ant infestations；In high temperature
, there is branch partial necrosis and mildew in high humidity season easy infection disease, is prevented and treated with triadimefon or strength cupric oxide；
（Two）Interplant watermelon
（1）Greenhouse watermelon variety selection
The kind of cultivation mainly has 8424, spy little Lan or capital glad；
（2）Greenhouse watermelon stock variety is selected
From pumpkin anvil：Strong four, pumpkin 2 or the white big plate of pumpkin length；
（3）Greenhouse watermelon seed treatment
Stock seed is soaked seed 48 hours as watermelon seeds processing mode in 25 DEG C~30 DEG C warm water, and immersion, which is finished, exists seed
Wash several all over rubbing to wash away the harmful substance of the surface of the seed repeatedly in clear water, then wrapped with fine cloth and be placed on 27 DEG C~30 DEG C of constant temperature
Vernalization in case, or insertion thermometer are placed on a heatable brick bed and carry out vernalization, and vernalization length is preferably just showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
（4）Greenhouse watermelon cultivation seedtime and mode
A) sowing time：Before and after December 20；
B) seeding method：The stock seed for having urged bud is placed on centre, plumule covers surface dust earthing 1.5-2cm down, then；Anvil
Carry out watermelon seed vernalization, watermelon seed sandbox vernalization within 5 days after wooden seed is broadcast；
（5）Grafting
A) grafting time：Grafting is carried out after the cotyledon flattening of stock seed, is also the Best Times of grafting；
B) grafting method：Using tip cutting method, stock growing point is removed during grafting, with bamboo stick in stock incision, along cotyledon line
Hypocotyl is inserted for 45 ° in direction obliquely, and deep 0.5-1cm, bamboo stick top reaches the opposite side cortex of hypocotyl, taken out immediately
Scion seedling, is placed on forefinger with blade 45 ° and cuts, cut scion seedling, bamboo stick is extracted immediately, by scion seedling along bamboo stick jack direction
Insertion；
C) grafting manages：Temperature is maintained at 24 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, after grafting first three day it is closed stuffy, do not take a breath, make air humidity
Reach saturation state；Field planting the last week ground temperature is down to 15 DEG C~13 DEG C, and temperature is down to 23 DEG C of daytime, and in 13 DEG C of evening, evening is minimum
It is not less than 10 DEG C with hardening, seedling is in close to the environment temperature after field planting；
（6）Greenhouse watermelon is colonized
A) Planting time
At the latest in solar calendar by the end of February at the beginning of 3 months, that is, when 10cm ground temperature it is stable by 13 DEG C when be advisable；
B) plantation density
8 meters of roomy canopies, 2 0.5 meter of ridge dragon fruit both sides respectively plant 1 row watermelon, respectively plant 1 row for 0.8 meter by canopy side, altogether 6 row, spacing in the rows 1
Rice, mu plants 500 plants；
C) field planting method
The fine weather of selection, the grafting for removing nutritive cube is put into the planting pit accomplished fluently, makes Tu Tuo equal with furrow face, and four
Week fills and leads up, and encloses reality, waters using hole irrigation method, and the grafting edge of a knife is from being more than lcm during field planting in earth's surface；
（7）Canopy Watermelon Fertilization
A) dose
Every mu is applied nitrogen：Phosphorus：Potassium=15：15：15 ~ 25 kilograms of 15d NPKs apply biogas slurry downstream；
B) fertilizing method
Topdress to combine and water progress, watermelon grow to egg it is big when, urge the heavy dressing of melon water once to topdress with reference to pouring；
（8）Greenhouse watermelon cultivation is poured water
After field planting is survived, if water deficient, drip irrigation once small water is named " seedling recovering water "；The small water of drip irrigation, is named when melon seedling grows to 30cm
" taking out climing water "；Soil moisture situation needs drip irrigation to sit melon water in forward sight of blooming canopy, control water during bearing fruit of blooming, to prevent melon seedling mistake
It is prosperous, cause difficult and change fruit phenomenon of bearing fruit；After bearing fruit, watermelon grow to egg it is big when, drip irrigation " expands water "；Harvesting stops for first 7~10 days
Only dripping irrigation water；
（9）Greenhouse watermelon cultivation field management
A) training is kept down the vines of a creeping plant
Training uses three climing pruning methods, keeps down the vines of a creeping plant using bright platen press；
B) artificial pollination
Artificial pollination is carried out when that morning 7~9 that female flower is opened, and the male flower pollen that the harvesting same day opens is applied to female style
On head；
C) melon tire is selected and remain
Watermelon fixed six is followed not stay：Root melon is not stayed；Overlength melon is not stayed；Double are not stayed；Do not stay malformed fruit；Disease pest fruit is not stayed；No
Stay scratch fruit；
D) timely collecting
Early mature watermelon is generally required 30~35 days from bearing fruit fruit maturation, it should be noted that calculate that its maturation time is harvested in time, this
Sample is conducive to improving yield and ensures fruit quality；
（10）The preventing and treating of greenhouse watermelon cultivation pest and disease damage.
The prevention and controls of greenhouse watermelon cultivation pest and disease damage are following one or more of methods：
1. cultural control：From disease-resistant variety, for local main diseases and insect pests and high anti-, the how anti-kind of cultivation season selection.
2. physical control：Silver gray film tape is hung around facility and keeps away aphid, or using the trapping of desinsection plate；
3. chemical control：Mycin, agricultural streptomycin, macro tetrolide, AVM or avermectin are razed from pesticide corrosion 120, five.
The inventive method is rationally, easy to operate.
Economic and Efficiency Analysis：
Common greenhouse double-row type plantation dragon fruit interplanting watermelon can increase while dragon fruit production is ensured on limited soil
The output of watermelon is added, with extraordinary economic benefit.In terms of input, dragon fruit mu is dropped in 6000 yuan, watermelon input
1000 yuan, film agrochemical fertilizer etc. delivers mu and puts into 3000 yuan.In terms of output, per mu yield dragon fruit 1500-2500kg, watermelon
5000kg, wherein dragon fruit are calculated with 30 yuan/kg, and per mu yield value is 45000-75000 members, and watermelon is calculated with average 2 yuan/kg, mu
The output value is 10000 yuan.Input cost is removed, dragon fruit every mu of net income of interplanting watermelon is first up to 45000-75000.Thus it can see
Go out, dragon fruit interplanting watermelon both ensure that the stability of dragon fruit yield, improves land resources utilization rate, economy is added again
Benefit, is the new model that industrialized agriculture increases production and improves productivity.
Ecological Benefit Analysis
In the cropping pattern that common greenhouse double-row type plants dragon fruit interplanting watermelon, to light, temperature, water between dragon fruit and watermelon
It is small with the competition such as fertilizer, covered ground is added after carrying out interplanting, can play a part of controlling weeds.Watermelon root system can also be dredged
Mellow soil, improves the physicochemical character of soil, is conducive to the growth of dragon fruit.In addition, after watermelon harvest, can be by the blade of watermelon
Field of becoming thoroughly decomposed go back to is mixed with feces of livestock and poultry with stalk, with increasing dragon fruit soil with organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content, promote soil
Microorganism vegetative activity, improves soil granular structure, reaches the effect that land used is increased soil fertility.
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment
A kind of method that common greenhouse double-row type plantation dragon fruit interplants watermelon, comprises the following steps：
1 common greenhouse construction
Common 8 meters of greenhouse width, length is determined according to field, north-south, is typically often magnified canopy and is advisable with 1 mu, covering material is
Plastic sheeting.
2 breedings are matched
From main breed, the marketing quality of fruit is not only considered, its high yield characteristic and resistance is also considered.It is red, white
Meat two types yield, quality are all good, therefore, when from main breed, and red meat type selecting pearl is imperial or red celestial sweet No. 1, in vain
Meat type selection Bai Yulong is preferred.Due to red meat type, to spend not affinity phenomenon in vain relatively common, and plain boiled pork type spend in vain it is not affine
Phenomenon is then less.Therefore, in an orchard there be best red, plain boiled pork type, to improve the yield and quality.
3 implantation times and method
Dragon fruit implantation time with as early as possible with there is growth and recovery time to be preferred after plant, 3~November to be best, at this moment plant body
Interior stored nutrient enriches, and moisture transpiration is less, and planting survival rate is higher.
Common greenhouse dragon fruit plantation is using double-row type plantation, and its advantage is that production cost is low, land utilization ratio is high.It is so-called
Double-row type is planted, and is exactly 8 meters of roomy canopies, arranges 2 plant ridges, lower wide 2.4 meters by wide 2 meters on the furrow of ridge, wide by 0.8 on the inter-drain of ridge
Wide 0.5 meter, 0.3 meter of ditch depth under rice, ditch.It is each 1.1 meters wide by canopy side ridge furrow, it is wide 0.5 meter on the inter-drain of ridge with transplanting, it is lower wide 0.3 meter,
0.2 meter of ditch depth.Transplant ridge center line both sides and respectively plant 1 row's dragon fruit, 0.5 meter of narrow row distance, 0.25 meter of spacing in the rows, 667 square metres of plants
1000 plants, note planting deeply, be implanted into about 3-5cm depths, ground moistening should be kept initial stage.Concrete column is used at a distance of 2 meters or so
Or steel pipe be barricaded as it is trapezoidal make supporter, tensed with 3 road galvanized wires.Concrete column or steel pipe are typically embedded to 0.3 meter of underground, 1.5 meters on the ground,
1.8 meters of cylinder overall length, with reinforced bar support in concrete column, makes 0.1 meter × 0.1 meter × 1.8 meters of cylinder, and 0.1 meter of top
Place makees symmetrical aperture, is passed through with steel wire, and second steel wire is apart from 1 meter of ground, and the 3rd road steel wire is apart from 0.5 meter of ground, topmost
Soft matter is wrapped up on one of steel wire, in order to which dragon fruit is sagging without being broken.The organic fertilizer fermented is uniformly imposed on before plant
Ridge furrow, growth period, for restocking as early as possible and culture aerial root, answers timely colligation seedling on steel wire.When branch grows to per pass lead
Branch, should be fixed on galvanized wire by silk top in time, to after the top galvanized wire top, and trimming in time is stayed under 2 branches per seedling
Hang down, as fruitful branch.
4 field management
Start to yield positive results within 12-14 months after dragon fruit is planted, can bloom 12-15 times every year, 4~November is the period of growth of the crop, Xie Hua
30-40 days fruit maturations, single fruit weight 300-900g, every plant of production in the 2nd year really more than 5 after plant, enter people Sheng fruit on the 3rd year afterwards
Phase, managerial skills are higher, and per unit area yield is up to 2500kg/667 ㎡.Its high-yield culturing main points is as follows：
4.1 thin fertile dutys are applied：Because the fruit harvesting phase is long, every year will heavy dressing organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer are balanced long-term
Using.Potassium, fertiliser containing magnesium are augmented during yielding positive results, to promote fruit sucrose accumulation, quality is improved.Fruiting period keeps soil wet
Profit, sets disk rice straw mulching.When weather is arid, a water is filled within 3-4 days.
4.2 pinching：When branch grow to 1.3-1.4m it is long when pinching, promote branch, and allow branch to naturally droop.
Planted and artificial pollination between 4.3：When planting dragon fruit, the dragon fruit of 10% or so plain boiled pork type is planted between.Kind
Between mutually pollinate, setting percentage can be significantly improved.If meeting rainy weather, artificial pollination is carried out.Pollination can the flowers are in blossom at night
When, directly pollen is coated onto on female chapiter with writing brush.
4.4 trimming branches：The branch for tying fruit is wiped out after annual fruit picking, allows it to re-emit shoot, to ensure the coming year
Yield.
4.5 the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Dragon fruit disease pest is less, and Seedling Stage is easily by snail and ant infestations, pesticides available preventing and treating；
In high-temperature high humidity season easy infection disease, there is branch partial necrosis and mildew, the preventing and treating such as triadimefon, strength cupric oxide can be used,
Work well.
The method for interplanting watermelon
Greenhouse watermelon cultivation is with the obvious advantage：One is morning growth of watermelon time, result morning, with short production cycle, instant effect.March determines
Plant, terminate May.Not only enrich the designs and varieties of spring fruit market, and when meet " May Day " to save, the market demand is prosperous, product
Price is high.Two be that cultivating watermelon is easy, and management is convenient, and production cost is low, and yield is high, and income is good, does not have big rush with dragon fruit
It is prominent, it is appropriate for Farmland Structures adjustment, the requirement of development high benefit agricultural.
The technical essential of 5 greenhouse watermelon cultivations
5.1 greenhouse watermelon variety selections
Be adapted to the variety of watermelon of early spring greenhouse cultivation, it is desirable to both precocity, high-quality, but also with easy fruit, disease-resistant, high yield, suitable city
The features such as field needs.The kind for being suitable for Haian County's regional culture by summary in recent years mainly has 8424, spy little Lan, capital glad
Deng.
5.2 greenhouse watermelon stock varieties are selected
Stock is not required nothing more than has good, stable compatibility with Grafting watermelon, and requires that disease resistance is good, to quality of watermelon without bad
Influence.Preferably, therefore, the stock of watermelon all selects pumpkin anvil to pumpkin rootstock relative performance substantially now in Haian County area.At present
Preferable stock has：Strong four, white big plate of pumpkin 2, pumpkin length etc..
5.3 greenhouse watermelon seed treatments
Stock seed is soaked seed 48 hours as watermelon seeds processing mode in 25 DEG C~30 DEG C warm water, and immersion, which is finished, exists seed
Wash several all over rubbing to wash away the harmful substance of the surface of the seed repeatedly in clear water, then wrapped with fine cloth and be placed on 27 DEG C~30 DEG C of constant temperature
Vernalization in case, or insertion thermometer are placed on a heatable brick bed and carry out vernalization, and vernalization length is preferably just showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
6 greenhouse watermelon cultivation seedtimes and mode
6.1 sowing time：Haian County area is advisable on December 20 or so in solar calendar.
6.2 seeding method：The stock seed for having urged bud is placed on centre, plumule covers surface dust (fine sand earth down, then
Soil) earthing 1.5-2cm.Generally, stock seed can carry out watermelon seed vernalization, watermelon seed in 5 days or so after broadcasting
Son sandbox vernalization.
7 graftings
7.1 grafting time：Grafting can be carried out after the cotyledon flattening of stock seed, is also the Best Times of grafting.
7.2 grafting method：Using tip cutting method, stock growing point is removed during grafting, with bamboo stick in stock incision, along son
Hypocotyl is inserted for 45 ° in leaf line direction obliquely, and deep 0.5-1cm, bamboo stick top reaches the opposite side cortex of hypocotyl, with
Scion seedling is taken out, 45 ° is placed on forefinger with blade and cuts, cut scion seedling, bamboo stick is extracted immediately, scion seedling is inserted along bamboo stick
Hole direction is inserted.
7.3 graftings manage：Temperature is maintained at 25 DEG C, and low temperature is maintained at 24 DEG C, and first three day wants closed obstructed after grafting
Wind, does not take a breath, and air humidity is reached saturation state.Field planting the last week ground temperature is down to 15 DEG C~13 DEG C, and temperature is down to daytime 23
DEG C, in 13 DEG C of evening, evening is minimum to be not less than 10 DEG C with hardening, seedling is in close to the environment temperature after field planting.
8 greenhouse watermelons are colonized
8.1 Planting time
Typically at the latest in solar calendar by the end of February at the beginning of 3 months, that is, when 10cm ground temperature it is stable by 13 DEG C when be advisable.
8.2 plantation density
8 meters of roomy canopies, 2 0.5 meter of ridge dragon fruit both sides respectively plant 1 row, respectively plant 1 row for 0.8 meter by canopy side, altogether 6 row, 1 meter of spacing in the rows, mu
Plant 500 plants.
8.3 field planting method
The fine weather of selection, the grafting for removing nutritive cube is put into the planting pit accomplished fluently, makes Tu Tuo equal with furrow face, and four
Week fills and leads up, and encloses reality, water using hole irrigation method (bailed and poured with bowl or wooden dipper), note during field planting the grafting edge of a knife from earth's surface be more than lcm.
9 greenhouse watermelons apply fertilizer
9.1 dose
Every mu is applied NPK (nitrogen：Phosphorus：Potassium=15：15：15) or a certain amount of biogas slurry is applied downstream by 15 ~ 25 kilograms.
9.2 fertilizing method
Topdress to combine and water progress, watermelon grow to egg it is big when, urge the heavy dressing of melon water once to topdress with reference to pouring,
10 greenhouse watermelon cultivations are poured water
After field planting is survived, if water deficient, drip irrigation once small water is answered, is cried " seedling recovering water ";Melon seedling answers drip irrigation when growing to 30cm or so
Small water, is named " taking out climing water ";Soil moisture situation needs drip irrigation to sit melon water in forward sight of blooming canopy, control water during bearing fruit of blooming, to prevent
Melon seedling is excessively prosperous, causes difficult and change fruit phenomenon of bearing fruit.After bearing fruit, watermelon grow to egg it is big when, answer drip irrigation " expanding water ".Harvesting preceding 7
Dripping irrigation water should be stopped within~10 days.
11 greenhouse watermelon cultivation field management
11.1 training is kept down the vines of a creeping plant
Training uses three climing pruning methods, keeps down the vines of a creeping plant using bright platen press.
11.2 artificial pollinations
Artificial pollination is carried out when that morning 7~9 that female flower is opened, and the male flower pollen that the harvesting same day opens is applied to female style
On head.
11.3 select and remain melon tire
Watermelon fixed six is followed not stay：Root melon is not stayed;Overlength melon is not stayed;Double are not stayed;Do not stay malformed fruit;Disease pest fruit is not stayed;No
Stay scratch fruit.
11.4 timely collectings
Early mature watermelon is generally required 30~35 days from bearing fruit fruit maturation, it should be noted that calculate that its maturation time is harvested in time, this
Sample is conducive to improving yield and ensures fruit quality.
The integrated control of 12 greenhouse watermelon cultivation pest and disease damages
12.1 main diseases and insect pests
Seedling stage：Samping off, damping-off.
Growth period：Anthracnose and blight dis-ease, epidemic disease, powdery mildew, droop.
Growth period Major Pests：Aphid, red spider, trialeurodes vaporariorum
It is significant to note that the watermelon maturity period：Meat canceration fruit (physiology disease fruit)
12.2 prevention and controls
1. cultural control：From disease-resistant variety.For local main diseases and insect pests and high anti-, the how anti-kind of cultivation season selection.
2. physical control：Silver gray film tape is hung around facility and keeps away aphid, or using desinsection plate trapping etc..
3. chemical control：It is mould from pesticide corrosion 120 (broad spectrum activity), five name for ancient tribes in the east's mycins (anti-droop), agricultural streptomycin, Liuyang
Element, AVM, avermectin etc..
Claims (2)
1. a kind of method that common greenhouse double-row type plantation dragon fruit interplants watermelon, it is characterized in that：Comprise the following steps：
（One）Plant dragon fruit
（1）Common greenhouse construction
Common 8 meters of greenhouse width, north-south is often magnified canopy and is advisable with 1 mu, covering material is plastic sheeting；
（2）Breeding is matched
Red meat type selecting pearl is imperial or red celestial sweet No. 1, plain boiled pork type selecting Bai Yulong；
（3）Implantation time and method
Dragon fruit implantation time is 3~November；
Common greenhouse dragon fruit plantation is using double-row type plantation：8 meters of roomy canopies, arrange 2 plant ridges, by wide 2 meters on the furrow of ridge, under
Wide 2.4 meters, wide 0.8 meter on the inter-drain of ridge, wide 0.5 meter under ditch, 0.3 meter of ditch depth is each 1.1 meters wide by canopy side ridge furrow, between plant ridge
It is wide 0.5 meter on ditch, lower wide 0.3 meter, 0.2 meter of ditch depth；1 row's dragon fruit of each cultivation in plant ridge center line both sides, 0.5 meter of narrow row distance,
0.25 meter of spacing in the rows, 667 square metres are planted 1000 plants, are implanted into 3-5cm depths；It is barricaded as ladder at a distance of 2 meters of two row's concrete columns or steel pipe
Shape makees supporter, is tensed with galvanized wire；Concrete column or 0.3 meter of underground of steel pipe embedment, 1.5 meters of ground, 1.8 meters of cylinder overall length, cement
With reinforced bar support in post, 0.1 meter × 0.1 meter × 1.8 meters of cylinder is made, and make symmetrical aperture at 0.1 meter of top, use steel wire
It is formed through first of steel wire, second steel wire is apart from 1 meter of ground, and the 3rd road steel wire is apart from 0.5 meter, topmost first of ground
Soft matter is wrapped up on steel wire, in order to which dragon fruit is sagging without being broken；The organic fertilizer fermented is uniformly imposed on into ridge furrow before plant,
Growth period, colligation seedling is on steel wire；When branch is grown to above per pass galvanized wire, branch is fixed on galvanized wire, to the top lead
Behind silk top, trimming in time stays 2 branches sagging, as fruitful branch per seedling；
（4）Field management
Cultural technique is as follows：
A) moisturizing：Fruiting period keeps ground moistening, and tree disk is covered with grass；When weather is arid, a water is filled within 3-4 days；
B) pinching：When branch grow to 1.3-1.4m it is long when pinching, promote branch, and allow branch to naturally droop；
C) planted and artificial pollination between：When planting dragon fruit, based on red meat Type Type, the flue of the plain boiled pork type of a kind 10%
Really；Mutually pollinated between kind；If meeting rainy weather, artificial pollination is carried out；In the dusk, the flowers are in blossom or early morning flower is not yet closed for pollination
Before conjunction, directly pollen is coated onto on female chapiter with writing brush；
D) branch is trimmed：The branch for tying fruit is wiped out after annual fruit picking, allows it to re-emit shoot, to ensure the yield in the coming year；
E) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Dragon fruit disease pest is less, and Seedling Stage uses insecticide control easily by snail and ant infestations；In high temperature
, there is branch partial necrosis and mildew in high humidity season easy infection disease, is prevented and treated with triadimefon or strength cupric oxide；
（Two）Interplant watermelon
（1）Greenhouse watermelon variety selection
The kind of cultivation mainly has 8424, spy little Lan or capital glad；
（2）Greenhouse watermelon stock variety is selected
From pumpkin anvil：Strong four, pumpkin 2 or the white big plate of pumpkin length；
（3）Greenhouse watermelon seed treatment
Stock seed is soaked seed 48 hours as watermelon seeds processing mode in 25 DEG C~30 DEG C warm water, and immersion, which is finished, exists seed
Wash several all over rubbing to wash away the harmful substance of the surface of the seed repeatedly in clear water, then wrapped with fine cloth and be placed on 27 DEG C~30 DEG C of constant temperature
Vernalization in case, or insertion thermometer are placed on a heatable brick bed and carry out vernalization, and vernalization length is preferably just showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
（4）Greenhouse watermelon cultivation seedtime and mode
A) sowing time：Before and after December 20；
B) seeding method：The stock seed for having urged bud is placed on centre, plumule covers surface dust earthing 1.5-2cm down, then；Anvil
Carry out watermelon seed vernalization, watermelon seed sandbox vernalization within 5 days after wooden seed is broadcast；
（5）Grafting
A) grafting time：Grafting is carried out after the cotyledon flattening of stock seed, is also the Best Times of grafting；
B) grafting method：Using tip cutting method, stock growing point is removed during grafting, with bamboo stick in stock incision, along cotyledon line
Hypocotyl is inserted for 45 ° in direction obliquely, and deep 0.5-1cm, bamboo stick top reaches the opposite side cortex of hypocotyl, taken out immediately
Scion seedling, is placed on forefinger with blade 45 ° and cuts, cut scion seedling, bamboo stick is extracted immediately, by scion seedling along bamboo stick jack direction
Insertion；
C) grafting manages：Temperature is maintained at 24 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, after grafting first three day it is closed stuffy, do not take a breath, make air humidity
Reach saturation state；Field planting the last week ground temperature is down to 15 DEG C~13 DEG C, and temperature is down to 23 DEG C of daytime, and in 13 DEG C of evening, evening is minimum
It is not less than 10 DEG C with hardening, seedling is in close to the environment temperature after field planting；
（6）Greenhouse watermelon is colonized
A) Planting time
At the latest in solar calendar by the end of February at the beginning of 3 months, that is, when 10cm ground temperature it is stable by 13 DEG C when be advisable；
B) plantation density
8 meters of roomy canopies, 2 0.5 meter of ridge dragon fruit both sides respectively plant 1 row watermelon, respectively plant 1 row for 0.8 meter by canopy side, altogether 6 row, spacing in the rows 1
Rice, mu plants 500 plants；
C) field planting method
The fine weather of selection, the grafting for removing nutritive cube is put into the planting pit accomplished fluently, makes Tu Tuo equal with furrow face, and four
Week fills and leads up, and encloses reality, waters using hole irrigation method, and the grafting edge of a knife is from being more than lcm during field planting in earth's surface；
（7）Canopy Watermelon Fertilization
A) dose
Every mu is applied nitrogen：Phosphorus：Potassium=15：15：15 ~ 25 kilograms of 15d NPKs apply biogas slurry downstream；
B) fertilizing method
Topdress to combine and water progress, watermelon grow to egg it is big when, urge the heavy dressing of melon water once to topdress with reference to pouring；
（8）Greenhouse watermelon cultivation is poured water
After field planting is survived, if water deficient, drip irrigation once small water is named " seedling recovering water "；The small water of drip irrigation, is named when melon seedling grows to 30cm
" taking out climing water "；Soil moisture situation needs drip irrigation to sit melon water in forward sight of blooming canopy, control water during bearing fruit of blooming, to prevent melon seedling mistake
It is prosperous, cause difficult and change fruit phenomenon of bearing fruit；After bearing fruit, watermelon grow to egg it is big when, drip irrigation " expands water "；Harvesting stops for first 7~10 days
Only dripping irrigation water；
（9）Greenhouse watermelon cultivation field management
A) training is kept down the vines of a creeping plant
Training uses three climing pruning methods, keeps down the vines of a creeping plant using bright platen press；
B) artificial pollination
Artificial pollination is carried out when that morning 7~9 that female flower is opened, and the male flower pollen that the harvesting same day opens is applied to female style
On head；
C) melon tire is selected and remain
Watermelon fixed six is followed not stay：Root melon is not stayed；Overlength melon is not stayed；Double are not stayed；Do not stay malformed fruit；Disease pest fruit is not stayed；No
Stay scratch fruit；
D) timely collecting
Early mature watermelon is generally required 30~35 days from bearing fruit fruit maturation, it should be noted that calculate that its maturation time is harvested in time, this
Sample is conducive to improving yield and ensures fruit quality；
（10）The preventing and treating of greenhouse watermelon cultivation pest and disease damage.
2. the method that common greenhouse double-row type plantation dragon fruit according to claim 1 interplants watermelon, it is characterized in that：Greenhouse
The prevention and controls of growth of watermelon pest and disease damage are following one or more of methods：
1. cultural control：From disease-resistant variety, for local main diseases and insect pests and high anti-, the how anti-kind of cultivation season selection；
2. physical control：Silver gray film tape is hung around facility and keeps away aphid, or using the trapping of desinsection plate；
3. chemical control：Mycin, agricultural streptomycin, macro tetrolide, AVM or avermectin are razed from pesticide corrosion 120, five.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710302895.8A CN106986677A (en) | 2017-05-03 | 2017-05-03 | The method that common greenhouse double-row type plantation dragon fruit interplants watermelon |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710302895.8A CN106986677A (en) | 2017-05-03 | 2017-05-03 | The method that common greenhouse double-row type plantation dragon fruit interplants watermelon |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106986677A true CN106986677A (en) | 2017-07-28 |
Family
ID=59417210
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710302895.8A Pending CN106986677A (en) | 2017-05-03 | 2017-05-03 | The method that common greenhouse double-row type plantation dragon fruit interplants watermelon |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106986677A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107439188A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-12-08 | 广西佳年农业有限公司 | A kind of dragon fruit solid interplanting method |
| CN109122100A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-01-04 | 深圳诺普信农化股份有限公司 | A kind of double high-density planting method of dragon fruit |
| CN110073895A (en) * | 2019-05-26 | 2019-08-02 | 咸宁市农业科学院 | A kind of implantation methods of facility cultivation dragon fruit interplanting Stropharia rugoso-annulata |
| CN110946046A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-04-03 | 贵州省果树科学研究所 | Method for intercropping tomatoes and rattan-free pumpkins in dragon orchard |
| CN110959475A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-04-07 | 贵州省果树科学研究所 | Method for intercropping hot peppers and rattan-free pumpkins in dragon orchard |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105940941A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-09-21 | 镇江中和园林有限公司 | Watermelon planting management method |
-
2017
- 2017-05-03 CN CN201710302895.8A patent/CN106986677A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105940941A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-09-21 | 镇江中和园林有限公司 | Watermelon planting management method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 林新钦，等: "沿海围垦地火龙果园套种冬瓜技术", 《农业工程》 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107439188A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-12-08 | 广西佳年农业有限公司 | A kind of dragon fruit solid interplanting method |
| CN109122100A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-01-04 | 深圳诺普信农化股份有限公司 | A kind of double high-density planting method of dragon fruit |
| CN110073895A (en) * | 2019-05-26 | 2019-08-02 | 咸宁市农业科学院 | A kind of implantation methods of facility cultivation dragon fruit interplanting Stropharia rugoso-annulata |
| CN110946046A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-04-03 | 贵州省果树科学研究所 | Method for intercropping tomatoes and rattan-free pumpkins in dragon orchard |
| CN110959475A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-04-07 | 贵州省果树科学研究所 | Method for intercropping hot peppers and rattan-free pumpkins in dragon orchard |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101507401B (en) | Green-house high-density smooth-skinned peach cultivation method without trunk, multi-layer axial shoot, side shoot | |
| CN106234128B (en) | Method for cultivating sweet cherries in high mountain areas | |
| CN103621319A (en) | Grafting high-yield culture technology for eggplant in solar greenhouse | |
| CN111316866B (en) | Passion fruit close-planting high-yield cultivation method capable of overcoming continuous cropping obstacle | |
| CN111109002B (en) | Method for managing young trees of sunshine rose grapes | |
| CN105940941A (en) | Watermelon planting management method | |
| CN106986677A (en) | The method that common greenhouse double-row type plantation dragon fruit interplants watermelon | |
| CN101707964A (en) | Tunnel half-shading green branch cottage and propagation method of large reed-leaf cherries and Teng county red cherries | |
| CN112106587B (en) | Method for ecological management of southern stony desertification through grape and lonicera confusa combined cultivation | |
| CN109496575A (en) | A kind of low-heat river valley area grafting guinea squash long season planting technology | |
| CN104350936A (en) | Planting method of cucumis melo with more harvest by one crop | |
| CN109757274B (en) | High-yield and high-efficiency transplanting method for momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings | |
| CN106961995A (en) | The method that beam-connected greenhouse pillar plantation dragon fruit interplants strawberry | |
| CN112088712B (en) | Method for ecologically controlling southern stony desertification through combined cultivation of kiwi fruits and lonicera confusa | |
| CN104429785A (en) | High-quality and efficient golden bell tree seedling growing method | |
| CN106508367A (en) | Cucumber cultivating method | |
| CN105724166A (en) | Greenhouse grape single-mother-vine fruiting successive-year double-cropping cultivation method | |
| CN106888879A (en) | A kind of mango cultural method | |
| CN107494174A (en) | A kind of grape planting process | |
| CN113079932A (en) | Cultivation method for reducing fruit cracking rate of prunus salicina | |
| CN105746281A (en) | Oriental cherry culturing technique | |
| CN106888886A (en) | A kind of shaddock cultivation method for premature | |
| CN106888884A (en) | A kind of persimmon cultural method | |
| CN106888917A (en) | A kind of eary maturity of grape cultural method | |
| CN106888741A (en) | A kind of small-sized wax gourd cultivation method for premature |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20170728 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |