CN106961995A - The method that beam-connected greenhouse pillar plantation dragon fruit interplants strawberry - Google Patents
The method that beam-connected greenhouse pillar plantation dragon fruit interplants strawberry Download PDFInfo
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- CN106961995A CN106961995A CN201710302899.6A CN201710302899A CN106961995A CN 106961995 A CN106961995 A CN 106961995A CN 201710302899 A CN201710302899 A CN 201710302899A CN 106961995 A CN106961995 A CN 106961995A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
- A01G9/122—Stakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Abstract
The invention discloses the method that a kind of beam-connected greenhouse pillar plantation dragon fruit interplants strawberry, including plant the steps such as dragon fruit, interplanting strawberry；Planting dragon fruit includes beam-connected greenhouse construction, breeding apolegamy, implantation time and method, field management step；Interplanting strawberry puts the steps such as honeybee, rich water quality management, insect pest preventing and controlling including standardization field planting, plant management, greenhouse management strawberry Temperature and Humidity Control, florescence.The inventive method is rationally, easy to operate, increases economic efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The method that dragon fruit interplants strawberry is planted the present invention relates to a kind of.
Background technology
Dragon fruit belong to the torrid zone, subtropical fruit, drought-enduring, high temperature resistant, light, to soil property require it is not tight, level land, hillside,
It can plant, most suitable soil pH value is 6-7.5 sandstone, be preferably selected the soil plantation that organic matter is abundant and drainage is good.
Dragon fruit uses greenhouse gardening intolerant to frost, area of the winter temperature less than 0 DEG C.How product and economic benefit are improved, be long
The pursuit of those skilled in the art since phase.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method rationally, conveniently, the beam-connected greenhouse pillar of economic benefit is effectively improved
Plant the method that dragon fruit interplants strawberry.
The present invention technical solution be：
A kind of method that beam-connected greenhouse pillar plantation dragon fruit interplants strawberry, it is characterized in that：Comprise the following steps：
（One）Plant dragon fruit
（1）Beam-connected greenhouse is built
Beam-connected greenhouse is advisable with 3-5 mus, single 8 meters of canopy span, and covering material is plastic sheeting；
（2）Breeding is matched
Red meat type selecting pearl is imperial or red celestial sweet No. 1, plain boiled pork type selecting Bai Yulong；
（3）Implantation time and method
Dragon fruit implantation time is 3~November；
Dragon fruit is cultivated using pillar：A concrete column or steel pipe are found, 4 plants of dragon fruit seedlings are planted around post, dragon fruit is allowed
The cultural method that plant grows up along column；Concrete column, 667 square metres of 166 posts of plant are transplanted with 2 meters × 2 meters of distance between rows and hills；
Concrete column be embedded to 0.3 meter of underground, on the ground 1.5 meters, 1.8 meters of cylinder overall length is interior with reinforced bar support, make 0.1 meter × 0.1 meter ×
1.8 meters of cylinder, and make symmetrical aperture at 0.1 meter of top, crossed through with reinforcing bar, semicircular half of vapour is bundled on reinforcing bar
Wheel tire, to make the supporter that dragon fruit is sagging；Transplant after concrete column, deep about 10 centimetres spherical cavity is dug around concrete column, will be sent out
The organic fertilizer that ferment is crossed imposes on cave bottom, in 4 plants of post surrounding kind dragon fruit seedling, and 667 square metres are planted 664 plants, and implantation 3-5cm is deeply
Can；After branch grows to 1.5 meters, branch is fixed on above-mentioned automobile tire on pillar for growth period, colligation new life seedling,
Make branch sagging, as fruitful branch；
（4）Field management
Cultural technique is as follows：
A) moisturizing：Fruiting period keeps ground moistening, and tree disk is covered with grass；When weather is arid, a water is filled within 3-4 days；
B) pinching：When branch grow to 1.3-1.4m it is long when pinching, promote branch, and allow branch to naturally droop；
C) planted and artificial pollination between：When planting dragon fruit, based on red meat Type Type, the flue of the plain boiled pork type of a kind 10%
Really；Mutually pollinated between kind；If meeting rainy weather, artificial pollination is carried out；In the dusk, the flowers are in blossom or early morning flower is not yet closed for pollination
Before conjunction, directly pollen is coated onto on female chapiter with writing brush；
D) branch is trimmed：The branch for tying fruit is wiped out after annual fruit picking, allows it to re-emit shoot, to ensure the yield in the coming year；
E) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Dragon fruit disease pest is less, and Seedling Stage uses insecticide control easily by snail and ant infestations；In high temperature
, there is branch partial necrosis and mildew in high humidity season easy infection disease, is prevented and treated with triadimefon or strength cupric oxide；
（Two）Interplant strawberry
（1）Standardization field planting
A) base manure is used sufficient：Next year after dragon fruit plantation is by the end of August at the beginning of September, is become thoroughly decomposed and lid agricultural film is by too using being stacked through the several months
It is positive can the pig of high-temperature sterilization treatment, sheep, exempt from excrement organic fertilizer and apply dragon fruit ridge furrow；Every mu of dose is 500 kilograms of organic fertilizer, is contained
30 kilograms of sulphur composite fertilizer；
B) soil disinfection：No. one plus metrifonate or the fertile desinsection bacterial manure of earthworm 168 are enjoyed with green, a soil disinfection work is carried out
Make, to reduce the generation of soil pest and disease damage；
C) it is colonized：The resident time of greenhouse cultivation, should be determined according to poppyhead bud differentiation degree, by microscopy, push up bud differentiation
It is colonized when rate is up to 50%；In production practices, if shortening stem occurs occurring in that ear leaf on the obvious back of a bow, blade base petiole, this
When just reached bud differentiation；Apart from 0.45 meter of concrete column center line, 2 rows are planted per ridge, 20 centimetres of spacing in the rows, mu plants 3330
Strain；The seedling root neck back of a bow is cut off into half towards limes marginis, and by root system during plantation；Planting depth requires nursery stock fuse stem and soil
Surface is flushed；A final singling water is poured after field planting immediately；
（2）Plant manages
Strawberry Seedlings field planting retains 5-6 pieces leaf and retains a bud, excessive old leaf and sub- bud, axillary bud are extractd in time to bud is grown,
Old leaf, dead leaf that stem turns yellow are extractd after yielding positive results, stolon is extractd in time;Remove branchlet and small and weak fruit；Per peduncle
Stay fruit 7-9；
（3）Greenhouse manages strawberry Temperature and Humidity Control
Day temperature is controlled between 25-28 DEG C, does not exceed 30 DEG C, be advisable in the evening with 7 degree；Initial bloom stage keeps 25 DEG C, Cheng Hua
Phase rests in 23 DEG C；Late December, between end of January, when canopy temperature is less than 5 DEG C, sets the multiple buckle film of Small plastic shed, extremely in greenhouse
It is incubated during low temperature using trilamellar membrane；Control below 80%, bloomed to Fruit control 60% before humidity is bloomed in canopy；It is anti-
Only hot and humid morbidity, using being aerated ventilation around noon；To April in next year, greenhouse two is removed during temperature rebound significantly
Film is enclosed on side, and stronger ventilation amount plays reducing temperature and humidity effect, the production period of extending fruit；
（4）Florescence puts honeybee
Using honeybee auxiliary cross-pollination is put, to improving quality, increase output results are obvious；Honeybee is put to carry out in initial bloom stage, it is every mu big
No less than 3000 honeybees of canopy, the florescence does not spray medicament；
（5）Rich water quality management；
（6）Insect pest preventing and controlling.
During rich water quality management, pour water and carried out with reference to fertilising, be made into fertilizer is soluble in water 1000 times or so solution and applied by dropper
With；When soil moisture need not pour water greatly, solution can be directly manured into soil by pipeline, can be by fertilizer in antecedent soil moisture
4000 times are diluted to, the method also poured water using pipeline；As temperature gos up after the Second Year beginning of spring, potash fertilizer is increased, every mu is applied
0.3% 5 kilograms of potassium sulfate.
During insect pest preventing and controlling, 20% Synergetic fenvalerate, 40% 1500 times of Rogor are used to aphid, red spider；Gray mold is in height
Warm high humidity and strawberry growth animated period most easily occur, with 50% Sukeling, 800 times of preventing and treatings；Bud blight, should use and pluck old leaf, lead to
Wind printing opacity, sprays an oxytocin agent more than 1000 times or 600 times of difoltan aqueous solution week about.
The inventive method is rationally, easy to operate.
Economic and Efficiency Analysis：
Dragon fruit interplants strawberry while dragon fruit production is ensured, the output of strawberry can be added on limited soil, is had
There is extraordinary economic benefit.In terms of input, dragon fruit mu is dropped in 6000 yuan, and strawberry puts into 3000 yuan, film agricultural chemicals fertilizer
Material etc. delivers mu and puts into 5000 yuan.In terms of output, per mu yield dragon fruit 2000-2500kg, wherein strawberry 800kg, dragon fruit with
30 yuan/kg is calculated, and per mu yield value is 60000-75000 members, and strawberry is calculated with average 20 yuan/kg, and per mu yield value is 16000 yuan or so.
Input cost is removed, beam-connected greenhouse pillar plantation dragon fruit every mu of net income of interplanting strawberry is first up to 62000-77000.Thus it can see
Go out, dragon fruit interplanting strawberry both ensure that the stability of dragon fruit yield, improves land resources utilization rate, economy is added again
Benefit, is the new model that industrialized agriculture increases production and improves productivity.
Ecological Benefit Analysis：
In the cropping pattern that dragon fruit interplants strawberry, small is competed to light, temperature, water and fertilizer etc. between dragon fruit and strawberry, is carried out
Covered ground is added after interplanting, can play a part of controlling weeds.Strawberry root system can improve soil with chesson
Physicochemical character, is conducive to the growth of dragon fruit.In addition, after strawberry harvest, can be by the blade and stalk and feces of livestock and poultry of strawberry
Field of becoming thoroughly decomposed go back to is mixed, with increasing dragon fruit soil with organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content, promote edaphon vegetative activity, change
Kind soil granular structure, reaches the effect that land used is increased soil fertility.
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment
A kind of method that beam-connected greenhouse pillar plantation dragon fruit interplants strawberry, including：
1 beam-connected greenhouse construction
Beam-connected greenhouse is typically advisable with 3-5 mus, single 8 meters of canopy span, and covering material is plastic sheeting.
2 breedings are matched
From main breed, the marketing quality of fruit is not only considered, its high yield characteristic and resistance is also considered.It is red, white
Meat two types yield, quality are all good, therefore, when from main breed, and red meat type selecting pearl is imperial or red celestial sweet No. 1, in vain
Meat type selection Bai Yulong is preferred.Due to red meat type, to spend not affinity phenomenon in vain relatively common, and plain boiled pork type spend in vain it is not affine
Phenomenon is then less.Therefore, in an orchard there be best red, plain boiled pork type, to improve the yield and quality.
3 implantation times and method
Dragon fruit implantation time with as early as possible with there is growth and recovery time to be preferred after plant, 3~November to be best, at this moment plant body
Interior stored nutrient enriches, and moisture transpiration is less, and planting survival rate is higher.
Work is ready before dragon fruit plant, surface planting is deep-cut, survival rate is improved.Cultivated using pillar, its advantage is collection
About, convenient harvesting, attractive in appearance, suitable recreational tourism agricultural.So-called pillar cultivation, is exactly to found a concrete column or steel pipe, in post
Surrounding plants 4 plants of dragon fruit seedlings, the cultural method for allowing dragon fruit plant to be grown up along column.With 2 meters × 2 meters of distance between rows and hills
Transplant concrete column, 667 square metres of 166 posts of plant.Concrete column is typically embedded to 0.3 meter of underground, 1.5 meters on the ground, 1.8 meters of cylinder overall length,
The interior cylinder that 0.1 meter × 0.1 meter × 1.8 meters are made with reinforced bar support, and make symmetrical aperture at 0.1 meter of top, handed over reinforcing bar
Fork is through bundling the half car tires of cutting, to make the supporter that dragon fruit is sagging on reinforcing bar.Transplant after concrete column, ring
Deep about 10 centimetres of spherical cavity is dug around concrete column, the organic fertilizer fermented is imposed on into cave bottom, in 4 plants of post surrounding kind dragon fruit seedling, 667
Square metre plantation 664 plants, note planting deeply, be implanted into about 3-5cm depths, ground moistening should be kept initial stage.Growth period, be
Restocking as early as possible and culture aerial root, answer the newborn seedling of timely colligation on pillar.After branch grows to 1.5 meters, branch should be consolidated
It is scheduled on the wheel tyre bead of pillar, makes branch sagging, as fruitful branch.
4 field management
Start to yield positive results within 12-14 months after dragon fruit is planted, can bloom 12-15 times every year, 4~November is the period of growth of the crop, Xie Hua
30-40 days fruit maturations, single fruit weight 500-1000g, fruit are produced per post more than 20 in the 2nd year after plant, enter within the 3rd year people and contain fruit afterwards
Phase, managerial skills are higher, and per unit area yield is up to 2500kg/667 ㎡.Its high-yield culturing main points is as follows：
4.1 thin fertile dutys are applied：Because the fruit harvesting phase is long, every year will heavy dressing organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer are balanced long-term
Using.Potassium, fertiliser containing magnesium are augmented during yielding positive results, to promote fruit sucrose accumulation, quality is improved.Fruiting period keeps soil wet
Profit, tree disk is covered with grass.When weather is arid, a water is filled within 3-4 days.
4.2 pinching：When branch grow to 1.3-1.4m it is long when pinching, promote branch, and allow branch to naturally droop.
Planted and artificial pollination between 4.3：When planting dragon fruit, the dragon fruit of 10% or so plain boiled pork type is planted between.Kind
Between mutually pollinate, setting percentage can be significantly improved.If meeting rainy weather, artificial pollination is carried out.Pollination can the flowers are in blossom at dusk
Or before early morning flower is not yet closed, directly pollen is coated onto on female chapiter with writing brush.
4.4 trimming branches：The branch for tying fruit is wiped out after annual fruit picking, allows it to re-emit shoot, to ensure the coming year
Yield.
4.5 the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Dragon fruit disease pest is less, and Seedling Stage is easily by snail and ant infestations, pesticides available preventing and treating；
In high-temperature high humidity season easy infection disease, there is branch partial necrosis and mildew, the preventing and treating such as triadimefon, strength cupric oxide can be used,
Work well.
The method for interplanting strawberry：
Greenhouse strawberry cultivation is with the obvious advantage：One is morning strawberry cultivating time, result morning, with short production cycle, instant effect.September determines
Plant, November, result, terminated May to Second Year.Not only enrich the designs and varieties of Winter-Spring fruit market, and when meet New Year's Day,
The traditional festivals such as the Spring Festival, the market demand is prosperous, and product price is high.Two be that cultivated strawberry is easy, and management is convenient, and production cost is low, production
Amount is high, and income is good, is mutually connected with dragon fruit harvest, is appropriate for Farmland Structures adjustment, the requirement of development high benefit agricultural.
5 carry out standardization field planting.
5.1 use sufficient base manure.At the beginning of the next year after dragon fruit is planted by the end of August September, become thoroughly decomposed and lid agricultural film using being stacked through the several months
By the pig of solar energy high temperature sterilization processing, sheep, exempt from the organic fertilizers such as excrement application dragon fruit ridge furrow.Every mu of dose is organic fertilizer 500
Kilogram, sulfur-bearing composite fertilizer（Commercially available prod, example：The product of Shandong Kingenta Bio-engineering Stock Co., Ltd.）30 kilograms.
5.2 soil disinfection.No. one plus metrifonate or the fertile desinsection bacterial manure of earthworm 168 are enjoyed with green, a soil sterilization is carried out and kills
Worm works, to reduce the generation of soil pest and disease damage.
5.3 field planting.The resident time of greenhouse cultivation, should be determined according to poppyhead bud differentiation degree, pass through microscopy, poppyhead bud
Differentiation rate can be colonized up to when 50%.In production practices, if occurring on the obvious back of a bow, blade base petiole occurs in shortening stem
Ear leaf, has at this time just reached bud differentiation.According to weather conditions, the annual resident time in Nantong City is in mid or late September.
Apart from 0.45 meter of concrete column center line, 2 rows are planted per ridge, 20 centimetres of spacing in the rows, mu plants 3330 plants.By the hunchbacked court of seedling root neck during plantation
To limes marginis, and require root system cutting off half, otherwise can cause nursery stock prosperous length in itself, increasing number of blooming causes fruit shape to diminish.
Planting depth requires that nursery stock fuse stem flushes with soil surface, accomplishes shallow not crab rooting, deep not bury the heart.Poured immediately once after field planting
Final singling water, is watered, is survived and turned green with profit in good time according to soil dry-wet situation later.
6 plant manage
Strawberry Seedlings field planting is general to require to retain 5-6 pieces leaf and retain a bud to bud is grown, to excessive old leaf and sub- bud, axillary bud
To extract in time, old leaf, dead leaf that stem turns yellow are extractd after yielding positive results, stolon is extractd in time, to reduce consumption.Remove small
Branch and small and weak fruit.It is general that fruit 7-9 is stayed per peduncle, to increase fruit, improve quality.
7 greenhouses manage strawberry Temperature and Humidity Control
Strawberry growth optimum temperature is 20-28 degree, and it is all unfavorable that 36 DEG C of high temperature above and less than 5 degree low temperature grow to strawberry.Typically
Day temperature is controlled between 25-28 DEG C, does not exceed 30 degree, be advisable in the evening with 7 degree.Initial bloom stage is kept for 25 degree, into the florescence palm
It is held in 23 degree.Late December, between end of January, when canopy temperature is less than 5 degree, should set the multiple buckle film of Small plastic shed in greenhouse, extremely low
Wen Shiying is incubated using trilamellar membrane.Controlled before humidity is bloomed in canopy below 80%, bloom to Fruit control and be advisable 60%.
To prevent hot and humid morbidity, using being aerated ventilation around noon.To April in next year, temperature rebound significantly is dismountable big
Film is enclosed on canopy both sides, and stronger ventilation amount plays reducing temperature and humidity effect, the production period of extending fruit.
8 florescences put honeybee
Although strawberry energy self-pollination result, propagation insect is lacked in greenhouse, poor pollination and malformed fruit can therefore occur.
Using honeybee auxiliary cross-pollination is put, to improving quality, increase output results are obvious.Putting honeybee should be carried out in initial bloom stage, every mu of greenhouse
No less than 3000 honeybees, the florescence does not spray medicament, in case influence pollination produces malformed fruit.And appropriate flower and fruit thinning, accomplish
Height stays low, goes weak stay by force.
9 rich water quality managements
Greenhouse strawberry is due to base fertilizer foot, and most of is organic fertilizer, and therefore, the consumption that topdresses is less.But according to strawberry growing state
Supplement phosphorus potash fertilizer and more trace elements can not still be ignored in time.Strawberry requires sufficient moisture in whole growth course, opens
Florescence soil moisture can be slightly more dry, and growing animated period and berry expansion period in strawberry needs water just more.Pour water can combine apply fertilizer into
OK, 1000 times or so solution are made into are applied fertilizer is soluble in water by dropper., can be by solution when soil moisture need not pour water greatly
Directly it is manured into soil by pipeline, in antecedent soil moisture, fertilizer can be diluted to 4000 times, the method also poured water using pipeline,
Not only saving of labor but also convenient.As temperature gos up after the Second Year beginning of spring, speed of production is accelerated, and to avoid strawberry fruit from being acidified, should increase
Potash fertilizer, every mu is applied 5 kilograms or so of 0.3% potassium sulfate.
10 insect pest preventing and controlling
Most disease and pest has aphid, tetranychid, gray mold, powdery mildew and bud blight etc..To aphid, red spider can 20% synergy kill chrysanthemum
Ester, 40% Rogor dilutes 1500 times.Gray mold most easily occurs in hot and humid and strawberry growth animated period, can use 50% Sukeling
800 times of preventing and treatings, effect is fine.The bud blight that current part strawberry cultivating area occurs, should be using old leaf, ventilation and penetrating light be plucked, often
Every oxytocin agent more than 1000 times of spray in one week or 600 times of difoltan aqueous solution.
The plantation dragon fruit interplanting strawberry performance analysis of 11 beam-connected greenhouse pillars
11.1 Economic and Efficiency Analysis
Dragon fruit interplants strawberry while dragon fruit production is ensured, the output of strawberry can be added on limited soil, is had
There is extraordinary economic benefit.In terms of input, dragon fruit mu is dropped in 6000 yuan, and strawberry puts into 3000 yuan, film agricultural chemicals fertilizer
Material etc. delivers mu and puts into 5000 yuan.In terms of output, per mu yield dragon fruit 2000-2500kg, wherein strawberry 800kg, dragon fruit with
30 yuan/kg is calculated, and per mu yield value is 60000-75000 members, and strawberry is calculated with average 20 yuan/kg, and per mu yield value is 16000 yuan or so.
Input cost is removed, beam-connected greenhouse pillar plantation dragon fruit every mu of net income of interplanting strawberry is first up to 62000-77000.Thus it can see
Go out, dragon fruit interplanting strawberry both ensure that the stability of dragon fruit yield, improves land resources utilization rate, economy is added again
Benefit, is the new model that industrialized agriculture increases production and improves productivity.
11.2 Ecological Benefit Analysis
In the cropping pattern that dragon fruit interplants strawberry, small is competed to light, temperature, water and fertilizer etc. between dragon fruit and strawberry, is carried out
Covered ground is added after interplanting, can play a part of controlling weeds.Strawberry root system can improve soil with chesson
Physicochemical character, is conducive to the growth of dragon fruit.In addition, after strawberry harvest, can be by the blade and stalk and feces of livestock and poultry of strawberry
Field of becoming thoroughly decomposed go back to is mixed, with increasing dragon fruit soil with organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content, promote edaphon vegetative activity, change
Kind soil granular structure, reaches the effect that land used is increased soil fertility.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method that beam-connected greenhouse pillar plantation dragon fruit interplants strawberry, it is characterized in that：Comprise the following steps：
（One）Plant dragon fruit
（1）Beam-connected greenhouse is built
Beam-connected greenhouse is advisable with 3-5 mus, single 8 meters of canopy span, and covering material is plastic sheeting；
（2）Breeding is matched
Red meat type selecting pearl is imperial or red celestial sweet No. 1, plain boiled pork type selecting Bai Yulong；
（3）Implantation time and method
Dragon fruit implantation time is 3~November；
Dragon fruit is cultivated using pillar：A concrete column or steel pipe are found, 4 plants of dragon fruit seedlings are planted around post, dragon fruit is allowed
The cultural method that plant grows up along column；Concrete column, 667 square metres of 166 posts of plant are transplanted with 2 meters × 2 meters of distance between rows and hills；
Concrete column be embedded to 0.3 meter of underground, on the ground 1.5 meters, 1.8 meters of cylinder overall length is interior with reinforced bar support, make 0.1 meter × 0.1 meter ×
1.8 meters of cylinder, and make symmetrical aperture at 0.1 meter of top, crossed through with reinforcing bar, semicircular half of vapour is bundled on reinforcing bar
Wheel tire, to make the supporter that dragon fruit is sagging；Transplant after concrete column, deep about 10 centimetres spherical cavity is dug around concrete column, will be sent out
The organic fertilizer that ferment is crossed imposes on cave bottom, in 4 plants of post surrounding kind dragon fruit seedling, and 667 square metres are planted 664 plants, and implantation 3-5cm is deeply
Can；After branch grows to 1.5 meters, branch is fixed on above-mentioned automobile tire on pillar for growth period, colligation new life seedling,
Make branch sagging, as fruitful branch；
（4）Field management
Cultural technique is as follows：
A) moisturizing：Fruiting period keeps ground moistening, and tree disk is covered with grass；When weather is arid, a water is filled within 3-4 days；
B) pinching：When branch grow to 1.3-1.4m it is long when pinching, promote branch, and allow branch to naturally droop；
C) planted and artificial pollination between：When planting dragon fruit, based on red meat Type Type, the flue of the plain boiled pork type of a kind 10%
Really；Mutually pollinated between kind；If meeting rainy weather, artificial pollination is carried out；In the dusk, the flowers are in blossom or early morning flower is not yet closed for pollination
Before conjunction, directly pollen is coated onto on female chapiter with writing brush；
D) branch is trimmed：The branch for tying fruit is wiped out after annual fruit picking, allows it to re-emit shoot, to ensure the yield in the coming year；
E) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Dragon fruit disease pest is less, and Seedling Stage uses insecticide control easily by snail and ant infestations；In high temperature
, there is branch partial necrosis and mildew in high humidity season easy infection disease, is prevented and treated with triadimefon or strength cupric oxide；
（Two）Interplant strawberry
（1）Standardization field planting
A) base manure is used sufficient：Next year after dragon fruit plantation is by the end of August at the beginning of September, is become thoroughly decomposed and lid agricultural film is by too using being stacked through the several months
It is positive can the pig of high-temperature sterilization treatment, sheep, exempt from excrement organic fertilizer and apply dragon fruit ridge furrow；Every mu of dose is 500 kilograms of organic fertilizer, is contained
30 kilograms of sulphur composite fertilizer；
B) soil disinfection：No. one plus metrifonate or the fertile desinsection bacterial manure of earthworm 168 are enjoyed with green, a soil disinfection work is carried out
Make, to reduce the generation of soil pest and disease damage；
C) it is colonized：The resident time of greenhouse cultivation, should be determined according to poppyhead bud differentiation degree, by microscopy, push up bud differentiation
It is colonized when rate is up to 50%；In production practices, if shortening stem occurs occurring in that ear leaf on the obvious back of a bow, blade base petiole, this
When just reached bud differentiation；Apart from 0.45 meter of plant strawberry of concrete column center line, 2 rows, 20 centimetres of spacing in the rows, mu are planted per ridge
Plant 3330 plants；The seedling root neck back of a bow is cut off into half towards limes marginis, and by root system during plantation；Planting depth requires nursery stock fuse stem
Flushed with soil surface；A final singling water is poured after field planting immediately；
（2）Plant manages
Strawberry Seedlings field planting retains 5-6 pieces leaf and retains a bud, excessive old leaf and sub- bud, axillary bud are extractd in time to bud is grown,
Old leaf, dead leaf that stem turns yellow are extractd after yielding positive results, stolon is extractd in time;Remove branchlet and small and weak fruit；Per peduncle
Stay fruit 7-9；
（3）Greenhouse manages strawberry Temperature and Humidity Control
Day temperature is controlled between 25-28 DEG C, does not exceed 30 DEG C, be advisable in the evening with 7 degree；Initial bloom stage keeps 25 DEG C, Cheng Hua
Phase rests in 23 DEG C；Late December, between end of January, when canopy temperature is less than 5 DEG C, sets the multiple buckle film of Small plastic shed, extremely in greenhouse
It is incubated during low temperature using trilamellar membrane；Control below 80%, bloomed to Fruit control 60% before humidity is bloomed in canopy；It is anti-
Only hot and humid morbidity, using being aerated ventilation around noon；To April in next year, greenhouse two is removed during temperature rebound significantly
Film is enclosed on side, and stronger ventilation amount plays reducing temperature and humidity effect, the production period of extending fruit；
（4）Florescence puts honeybee
Using honeybee auxiliary cross-pollination is put, to improving quality, increase output results are obvious；Honeybee is put to carry out in initial bloom stage, it is every mu big
No less than 3000 honeybees of canopy, the florescence does not spray medicament；
（5）Rich water quality management；
（6）Insect pest preventing and controlling.
2. the method that beam-connected greenhouse pillar plantation dragon fruit according to claim 1 interplants strawberry, it is characterized in that：Rich water pipe
During reason, pour water and carried out with reference to fertilising, be made into fertilizer is soluble in water 1000 times or so solution and applied by dropper；It is big in soil moisture
When need not pour water, solution can be directly manured into soil by pipeline, in antecedent soil moisture, fertilizer can be diluted to 4000 times,
The method poured water using pipeline；As temperature gos up after the Second Year beginning of spring, potash fertilizer is increased, every mu is applied 5 kilograms of 0.3% potassium sulfate.
3. the method that beam-connected greenhouse pillar plantation dragon fruit according to claim 1 or 2 interplants strawberry, it is characterized in that：Disease
When worm prevents and treats, 20% Synergetic fenvalerate, 40% 1500 times of Rogor are used to aphid, red spider；Gray mold hot and humid and
Strawberry growth animated period most easily occurs, with 50% Sukeling, 800 times of preventing and treatings；Bud blight, should use and pluck old leaf, ventilation and penetrating light, every
Oxytocin agent more than 1000 times of spray in one week or 600 times of difoltan aqueous solution.
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Application publication date: 20170721 |