CN106258766A

CN106258766A - The facility cultivation method of large cherry twice fruit of 1 year knot

Info

Publication number: CN106258766A
Application number: CN201610838128.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 任学平; 宋海燕; 李秀娥; 周文娟; 左经龙; 赵国明; 赵冬梅; 张永顺; 王志勇; 吴春燕; 曹久艳
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2016-09-12
Filing date: 2016-09-12
Publication date: 2017-01-04
Anticipated expiration: 2036-09-12
Also published as: CN106258766B

Abstract

The present invention discloses the facility cultivation method of a kind of large cherry twice fruit of 1 year knot, has cultivated in Greenhouse.Select large cherry bud differentiation soon, continuous result and the strong early-maturing variety of resistance against diseases through the cultivation treelet of 4 years；Through definite value 1～the trimming and finishing management of 4 years, within the 5th year, enter fruiting period, by rich water and flower and fruit management, humiture control, prune cultivation results branch group, thus complete result for the first time；Summer pruning after result is again through cooling dormancy, and accelerates tree body store by increasing the weight of rich water quality management and plant growth agent, coordinates branch pinching, inspires fruitful branch and generate, accelerate the integrated management of bud differentiation, completes second time result；The cultivation mode of the present invention and tree management, solve greenhouse luminous energy effect；Can quickly improve ground temperature, it is to avoid the factor that Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi root system Flood resistance is weak；Change large cherry facility cultivation growth time long, the situation that land utilization ratio is low, it is achieved that land increment and the maximization of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi economic benefit.

Description

The facility cultivation method of large cherry twice fruit of 1 year knot

Technical field

The present invention relates to large cherry facility culture technical field, particularly the facility cultivation side of twice fruit of 1 year knot of large cherry Method.

Background technology

Large cherry is fruit maturation fruit tree species the earliest after northern China deciduous fruit tree relaying cherry.Therefore, Early there is the good reputation of " spring fruit first ".In regulation fresh fruit dull season, equilibrium year-round supply and meet the needs aspect of people's lives, have Special effect.Large cherry fruit contains more rich nutrient substance.The health of people there is certain nutritive value.Chinese medicine Think, big cherry is chosen has QI invigorating in tune, the function of wind-damp dispelling.Large cherry management recruitment is few, and production cost is low, economic benefit Height, suitably in Shandong, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Henan, the cultivation of the ground such as Hebei.Large cherry the earliest be 1991 in Yantai by right Successfully inventing after little Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi is grafting improved, single fruit body increases 3～5 times than little Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi, decades of times on the upper height of nutritive value.After Improving the breed more and more, cultivated area is the most increasing, is gradually planted by various places orchard worker.Due to large cherry maturation early, Having more than 8 months time idle not result in Greenhouse cultivation, most of the time facility leaves unused, and considerably reduces facility fruit The economic benefit of tree cultivation；Therefore according to the feature of large cherry maturation morning, utilize Greenhouse by large cherry growth promoter, result Carry out orderly physiological regulating control, promote large cherry under Protected Cultivation, it is achieved twice fruit of 1 year knot, improve facility cultivation big The economic benefit of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi, it is achieved improve facility land utilization ratio and increment maximizes, be the most also professional and technical personnel institute Expect.

Summary of the invention

The present invention seeks to the deficiency overcoming prior art to exist, it is provided that one utilizes Greenhouse large cherry growth to be sent out Educate, result carries out orderly physiological regulating control, completes the facility cultivation method of large cherry twice fruit of 1 year knot.

It is an object of the invention to be achieved through the following technical solutions: the facility cultivation side of large cherry twice fruit of 1 year knot Method, has cultivated in Greenhouse, it is characterised in that: select that large cherry bud differentiation is fast, stable high yield, continuous result And the strong early-maturing variety of resistance against diseases through the treelet cultivating 4 years；By carrying out summer pruning, rich water pipe under temperature adjusting Reason, flower and fruit management, gather after management and cultivation, coordinate branch pinching, inspire fruitful branch generate, improve bud differentiation and accelerate tree body The comprehensive management technology measure stored, reaches large cherry twice fruit of 1 year knot in Greenhouse, specifically includes following cultivation side Method:

(1) before Greenhouse Construction is cultivated 4 years with large cherry, the pruning of treelet is cultivated:

Using canopy height than normal greenhouse booth high 50～60cm, Based Intelligent Control warmhouse booth need not be increased, select Ridge is high, the planting system of wide row dense planting；Open large cherry branch group angle, cultivation results branch group by summer, winter pruning, pass through Prune after Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi fallen leaves and adjust tree management, build all kinds of Fruit branch skeleton；

(2) the greenhouse production management time: prune through the treelets of 4 years and cultivate, the fruit tree entering result on the 5th year, facility Greenhouse started to warm up from the mid-January, end of the most really gathering three the end of month；Growth promoter bud through two first quarter moons divides Change terminates, mid-June fallen leaves complete start dormancy of lowering the temperature, mid-June to mid-July is dormancy time；Mid-July opens Beginning breaking dormancy heats up, and again through two and half months growth promoter, JIUYUE end second time fruit is gathered end；After fruit harvesting again Through the growth promoter of two first quarter moons, start cooling mid-December and carry out dormancy, mid-January mid-December to next year For dormancy time, mid-January next year starts to warm up again production Second Year fruit；

(3) result for the first time: the large cherry of Greenhouse cultivation through definite value 1～the trimming and finishing of 4 years, management, the 5th Year, large cherry entered fruiting period, and by rich water quality management, micro-fertile utilization, flower and fruit management, temperature humidity regulate and control, carry out large cherry simultaneously Summer pruning, cultivation results branch group, utilize plant growth regulator to control tree vigo(u)r, produce for second time result and lay the first stone, the The once cultivation management of result:

(1) rich water quality management

Topdress before spending: this phase imposes carbamide or fruit-specific fertilizer, or N P and K NPK class quick-acting is containing polynary Fertilizer；Fruit-specific fertilizer or NPK 1.2～1.5Kg/ strain, carbamide 0.5～1Kg/ strain, calcium superphosphate amount of application is with urine Element；

Radial canal applies fertilizer: during ditching, outwards excavates 4～6 radial furrows centered by trunk, and ditch length exceedes outside tree crown Edge, ditch depth 10～15cm；Little tree can use bar ditch to apply fertilizer, ditching-fertilizing under the tree crown both sides outer rim that tree body is corresponding, ditch Deep 15～20cm；

Florescence topdresses: soil imposes quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer, or sprays weight 0.3% carbamide+weight 0.2% Borax at full-bloom stage + 600 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solutions；

Based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer after Fruit, carry out filling fertilising material at fruit growth period, within 7～10 days, fill and execute once, palpus Carrying out filling when ground temperature reaches 8～15 DEG C executing, foliage-spray weight is the photosynthetic micro-fertile sea of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.3% Verdazulene or the green one of which protected in them；In growth phase in large cherry year, rest period is to need water less period, and fruit is raw Long and young sprout trophophase is to need water peak period, need to water Hua Qianshui, stone water, Cai Houshui, base manure water, water of surviving the winter after fertilising；

(2) in greenhouse, temperature controls

Greenhouse heats up: northern area starts greenhouse with the mid-January and heats up, and spraying weight before greenhouse heats up is 50% Flourish bud 70～80 times of diluents or bud early 70～80 times of diluents, start to draw curtain to heat up next day；

Temperature before germinateing: just heat up temperature in period, and in 1 week, greenhouse temperature should control by day less than 15 DEG C, and night is controlled System is at 0～5 DEG C, and before germinateing, day temperature controls, at 18～25 DEG C, to be not less than 5～7 DEG C night, and ground temperature is maintained at 10 DEG C, humidity Keep 80%；

Bloom temperature: when in canopy Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi see first colored time, spray PBO 80～100 times of diluents, day temperature control System is at 16～20 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls at 8～10 DEG C, ground temperature 15～17 DEG C, humidity 40～50%；When Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi alabastrum shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally Bee pollination, the flowers are in blossom 30% time carry out artificial pollination, the flowers are in blossom 50%～60% time, carry out spray plant growth mediator agent promote sit Really, when Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi petal comes off and interval sprays a plant growing mediator agent after 15 days the most respectively；

Fruit expanding period: day temperature controls at 23～28 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 12～15 DEG C, and ground temperature control is 20～22 DEG C, humidity is less than 60%；

The fruit maturation phase: day temperature controls at 20～26 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 16～18 DEG C, and ground temperature control is 20～22 DEG C, humidity is less than 50%；

After gathering: day temperature is maintained at 20～25 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 18～20 DEG C, humidity is less than 60%；

(3) greenhouse large cherry flower and fruit management

Artificial pollination: gather Radix Platycodonis at initial bloom stage, take off flower pesticide, dried 12～24 hours under the conditions of 24 DEG C, Flower pesticide can give out pollen, collects standby, and the pollen effect with multi items mixing is preferable；Pollinating method has artificial point award and spray Mist is pollinated, pollination pollen 2 ‰ of spraying, sucrose 10%, Borax 1 ‰；1 pollen suspension is sprayed at full-bloom stage；

Florescence bee pollination: Apis and wall honeybee are the Pollinating Insect that two classes are conventional, and large cherry preferably uses Osmia. excavataAlfken to pollinate；

Dehiscent fruit prevents: after cherry blossom, beginning in 2 weeks is dilute every the amino acid calcium of about 10 days sprayings one time 300～500 times Releasing liquid, spray 2～3 times, alleviate dehiscent fruit by replenishing the calcium altogether；

(4) result for the second time: by increasing the weight of rich water quality management, quick-acting fertilizer, micro-fertilizer, the application acceleration tree body of plant growth agent Store, rational summer pruning, remove invalid branch, airtight branch, draw branch, it is achieved ventilation and penetrating light accelerates large cherry bud differentiation, fall Temperature guarantee tree body dormancy and large cherry second time result:

(1) fill organic fertilizer: large cherry begins to bud differentiation after first time fruit picking, fruit tree need to be imposed in this period The every strain of organic fertilizer is no less than 30kg, fills fertilising material at regrowth hair fruit growth period, within 7～10 days, fills and execute once, must reach 8 at ground temperature ～carry out filling when 15 DEG C executing；

(2) summer pruning: the summer pruning of large cherry is mainly carried out during vigorous growth, by branch pulling and angle opening, slight, Moderate and severe pinching, bud picking, turn round the tip, band girdle, girdling, reduce the invalid growth of young sprout, increase branch and leaf amount, make tree body precocity Shape, Cheng Hua, result；

(3) application of plant growth regulator: foliage-spray 200～the PBO control prosperous length of treelet of 400 times after pruning, promotees Enter flower_bud formation, use the paclobutrazol diluent of 5 times to be coated with dry；

(4) fallen leaves, dormancy: to annual three the end of month large cherry will through the growth time of two first quarter moons and bud differentiation, First spray 400 times of ethephon diluents of weight 40% before dormancy, control young sprout growth and young sprout is fallen leaves, spray again after 3～4 days Baume degrees is lime sulfur or weight 5% penta sodium pentachlorophenate of 3～5, forces whole leaf abscission；Reduce temperature in Greenhouse, Starting to proceed to dormancy mid-June, temperature dormancy time under the conditions of 2.4～5 DEG C is one month；

(5) start mid-July to take off to be heated up for the second time: after large cherry dormancy terminates, greenhouse starts to warm up, at greenhouse liter Spray 50% flourish bud 70～80 times of diluents before using warming therapy or bud early 70～80 times of diluents, to break the dormancy of bud, spray and open next day Begin to draw curtain to heat up, its front temperature of germinateing, bloom temperature, fruit expanding period temperature, fruit maturation phase temperature and temperature after gathering Control to control identical with the temperature in large cherry for the first time results management；

(6) rich water quality management: rich water quality management is identical with large cherry result rich water quality management for the first time；

Large cherry is after Greenhouse two first quarter moons of growth, and i.e. annual JIUYUE end the beginning of October booth regrowth hair large cherry will all Ripe and gathered.

Cultivation results branch component of the present invention is larger result branch group, medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster and small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster； Large and medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster cultural method is: cutting back in first carrying out when the winter cuts, and typically can sprout in 3～4, long shoot, summer pair Back branch turns round the tip, and brachyplast is slow puts, and the golden mean of the Confucian school branch of flat sideways growth often grows about 40cm moderate pinching continuously, Second Year winter pair In, brachyplast is slow puts, cutting back in continuing strong, prosperous branch, each large and medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster is by several small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster groups Become；The cultural method of compact small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster is: carry out turning round the tip or severe in the season of growth to major branch top and back branch Pinching continuously, then delays and puts；Branch untreated to summer, after the most extremely weighing cutting back, Second Year is dredged and is removed strong prosperous vertical branch, delays and puts In, the mediocre branch of brachymedial can form small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster；It is the lightest that the young sprout of offside branch all one's life starts often to grow about 15cm from May Degree pinching or when the winter cuts slow putting can form small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster.

The tree management of described large cherry is elongated spindle-like, and after shaping, crown width is little and thin and tall, whole tree-like in Elongated spindle-like, even crown diameter 1～1.5 meters, the height of tree 3.0～3.5 meters, trunk is high 0.8～0.9 meter；On central authorities' trunk raw 30 ～50 little provisional major branches of helical arrangement, fruitful branch directly raw on little major branch, little major branch average length is 0.5～0.8 Rice, the average angle dry with central authorities is 90～110 °, central authorities' trunk and the ratio 5～7: 1 of the major branch base portion rugosity at same position, shapes Rear fusiform large cherry tree mu stays branch amount 8～120,000, long, medium and short branch ratio 1: 1: 8.

Described treelet before 4 years is pruned cultivate in main trimming measure in raw treelet pruning in 3～4 years as follows:

(1) based on summer pruning, it is auxiliary with winter pruning；Tree body is also not reaching to the treelet of design height, size, Cutting back in dry for center and each major branch elongated shoot being used when the winter cuts, clip bud stays full outer bud；The season of growth is carried out continuously Moderate pinching, major branch is equipped with incomplete person and uses bud at quarter to promote to sprout, cultivates new major branch；

(2), when Growth status to design height, after tree crown shapes the most substantially, dry and each major branch the elongated shoot in center is the shortest Cutting, center is the most happy again after doing that top is slow and putting result, and grown on top is done when crossing prosperous in center, and the most raw weak branch of choosing is taken the lead, and removes Caulody is happy, strengthens summer pruning simultaneously, removed young sprout prosperous, vertical growth and too much in time in summer 5～July, Only staying 2～3 weak branch growths, each major branch elongated shoot uses the lower flat oblique branch of the back of the body to change head；

(3) to retain more prosperous annual shoot, delay again after should extremely weighing cutting back and put, it is possible to take severe to pluck in the season of growth After the heart, taking the circumstances into consideration to be trained all kinds of fruit-bearing shoot cluster depending on inserted part, the golden mean of the Confucian school branch of flat sideways growth is slow continuously to be put；

(4) peripheral many wooden forks branch to be processed in the season of growth: the branch of vertical growth removes or turns round and sends, except elongated shoot Outward, only stay the branch of 1～2 side life sideways growth to carry out the most slight pinching, be trained little fruit-bearing shoot cluster, remove when the winter cuts The too much branch of the competitive branch of elongated shoot and periphery；

(5) clay fertilizer water management and insect pest preventing and controlling；The sapling up-growth phase, in addition to tree upper shaping, cultivation results branch, annual spring chases after Fertile, Growing season topdresses according to large cherry tree vigo(u)r, pours water；Autumn executes high-quality farm manure, utilizes plant growth regulator PBO to control tree Gesture, prevents disease pest, makes large cherry rapidly enter fruiting period.

The present invention utilizes Greenhouse that large cherry growth promoter, result are carried out orderly physiological regulating control, is planted by facility Training can be accelerated bud differentiation, be improved the bud quality, accelerates that large cherry young sprout is ripe and fallen leaves dormancy, by increase the weight of rich water quality management and Plant growth agent accelerates to set body and stores, and coordinates temperature regulation and control, summer pruning, branch pinching, inspires fruitful branch generation etc. Integrated management, utilizes Greenhouse that large cherry growth promoter, result are carried out orderly physiological regulating control, it is achieved that large cherry is setting Execute twice fruit of 1 year knot in greenhouse, only need 60 days from blooming to fruit maturation.The present invention propose more seedlings wide space planting pattern and Excellent tree management, solves greenhouse luminous energy effect；Prominent Root growth mode, can quickly improve ground temperature, it is to avoid big cherry The unfavorable factor that Radix Persicae system Flood resistance is weak, promotes large cherry fast-ripenin.

The test site of cultural method of the present invention is selected in the Ka Zuo county of West Liaoning, Jianping County, Lingyuan City, Chaoyangsaurus city Carry out, often two the Greenhouse booths in place, by optimizing and combining of the tests of 3 years and conventional cultivation technology, define the whole series and set Execute large cherry and cultivate the technical regulation of twice fruit of 1 year knot.By the test statistics cultivated at Greenhouse, fruit is average for the first time 2.52kg, per kilogram price 160 yuan are produced in strain, and average every strain economic benefit 403 yuan, mu benefit reaches 10.7 ten thousand yuan～8.9 ten thousand yuan； 2.07kg is produced in the average strain of second time fruit, and by per kilogram price 100 yuan, average every strain economic benefit 207 yuan, mu benefit reaches 5.5 Ten thousand yuan～4.6 ten thousand yuan；Ratio greenhouse large cherry once result every mu additional income 4.6～5.5 ten thousand yuan, greatly improve facility soil Ground utilization rate, it is possible to realize land increment and the maximization of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi economic benefit.

Detailed description of the invention

Below by way of detailed description of the invention, the present invention is elaborated.

One, the foundation in Greenhouse large cherry garden is cultivated with large cherry treelet

(1) foundation in Greenhouse large cherry garden

Large cherry is the fruit tree that economic worth is the highest, can maintain for 6～8 years the best fruiting period, in order to obtain good warp Ji benefit, it is desirable to from the beginning of selecting location, garden, i.e. wants high standard, sternly requires Di Jian garden, typically to divide two kinds.

1, Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi Greenhouse: for the ease of daylighting, Greenhouse set up should select in the south open, without shelter from heat or light smooth, keep away Wind, soil layer are deep, be easy to irrigation and drainage, weather is pollution-free, and the local of source is set up, be with local climate condition and cultivating economic benefit Consider as a whole, simultaneously for considering land occupation condition, best with positive south by west 5 degree.

In Northwest Liaoning area, rear wall of greenhouse width 1.5～1.8 meters, lower sleeping 0.5 meter, in canopy, external corner is according to lower sleeping ground 3.85 Rice, 135 degree of the Hou Qiang elevation angle, lighting surface angle 30 degree, lighting roof level be not less than 8.0 meters, adverse grade floor projection length 1～ 1.2 meters of ceiling shelves use diameter more than 12 reinforcing bars or iron pipe to be welded, 1 meter of each sky, cover without dripping plastic foil, iron wire pressure Real.More for precipitation area, for preventing Greenhouse internal water accumulation, do not use lower crouching to build canopy, straight with ground one can connect and build Canopy or pad soil superelevation ground Jian Peng, but in canopy, external corner to reach 3.85 meters apart from lower sleeping ground.The canopy height in greenhouse is than general Warmhouse booth wants high 50cm, if Based Intelligent Control warmhouse booth can be increased.

2, intelligent greenhouse controls booth: be provided with the supply of automatic rich water, humiture auto-control, illumination in Intelligent Greenhouse Auto-control and the facility intelligent control such as supply.

(2), the selection of cherry variety and configuration

1, large cherry early-maturing variety:

(1) red light, is early-maturing and large type breeding.Fruit kidney shape, neatly, single fruit weight 9.6 grams, peel crimson～purplish red Color, has bright-coloured gloss.Sarcocarp plumpness succulence is softer.Local flavor sour-sweet is agreeable to the taste, containing soluble solid 17.1%, relatively storage tolerance, really Real period of development 38～45 days.After the field planting 3～4 years fruits that begin.Yielding ability is good continuously.Unreal from spending, pollinated variety has Bob Lanier, big Purple, red gorgeous etc..It is best one kind of Comprehensive Cultural character in early-maturing variety, is at present one of the main breed of China.

(2) MORLEY, has another name called Italy the reddest.After ripening before Zhengzhou area May 10.Fruit kidney shape, mean fruit weight 6-7 gram, solid content 12.5%, peel crimson, is aubergine during complete ripeness, glossy.Sarcocarp is red, and meat is harder, plump Succulence, local flavor sour-sweet.Drought resisting, winter resistance are strong.

(3) dragon hat, mean fruit weight 6.8 grams, fruit is relieved shape, and peel is comprehensively in ruby red, sparkling and crystal-clear glossy, gorgeous lures People.Sarcocarp and juice aubergine, many in juice, sweet and sour palatability, soluble solid reaches 13%～16%.Sarcocarp is harder, storage tolerance, Relatively cracking resistance fruit.Fruit development 40～about 45 days, self-flowering fruiting, high and stable yield.Pioneer is its preferable pollinated variety.

(4) the biggest fruit, fruit is relatively big, and neatly, single fruit weight 8～10 grams, circle is heart-shaped, aubergine, sarcocarp delicacy succulence, juice Liquid aubergine, semihard meat, sour-sweet tasty and refreshing, peel is thin to be easily peeled, and spends latter 40 days fruit maturations.

2, configuration pollinated variety

Prunus avium belongs to cross-pollination kind, and self-pollination can not be solid, or ability is very poor.Emphasis exists the most in the world The kind having self-flowering fruiting ability is cultivated in research, and research successfully has Rabin Si, Si Tanle etc., but ratio is also little, even if from Flower can be solid, but also high not as cross-pollination fruit-setting rate.So pollinizers must be configured when producing upper development orchard.Prunus avium Pollen amount be not very big, so the ratio of pollinizers should be larger, only configure enough pollinizers, guarantee meets The requirement of Pollination Fertilization.In sheet of cherry orchard, pollinated variety be no less than 1/4, if pollinated variety is fewer, then require by Pollinated variety kind is in the ranks, because during Apis flight, and usually direct motion flight, advantageous at same a line pollination ratio.

(3) planting density and mode

1, planting density: use 1 meter × 2.5 meters in facility, or 1 meter × 3 meters, 266～222 every mu.Main breed accounts for 3/4, pollinated variety accounts for the field arrangement of 1/4.

2, planting system: planting system uses rectangle, and line-spacing width, spacing in the rows is narrow, and the advantage of wide row dense planting is illumination condition Good, in the ranks can drive Insecticide sprayer and small transporting vehicle into, it is simple to mechanized operation, and less manpower.Additionally after field planting fruit tree First 1～3 year, some intercultures can be planted, the widest growth being beneficial to interrow crop, later can also catch cropping green manure.Plant The requirement north-south, direction of row, such morning and afternoon, can make full use of sunlight, make illumination can shine lower part of a tree, noon Light is too strong, and some can be utilized by crop in the ranks or green manure.

(4) planting generation and method

1, planting generation: the spring plants, after spring temperature gos up, late March is the suitable phase of planting.

2, whole ground ditching, apply fertilizer to the subsoil: level land before planting, by the row determined to digging deep 80～100cm, note during ditching Table native with new soil pile up separately；Every mu of base fertilizer executes well-rotted farmyard manure 4000～5000kg, phosphate fertilizer 100kg, and clay fertilizer combines mixing and fills out Enter planting furrow, then repaiied 30cm platform, large cherry is planted on the platform of ridge.

3, high ridge culture: flood is afraid of especially by big Prunus avium, and employment carefully and neatly, forms 2～3 meters of wide ridges, ridge than ditch high 20～ 30 centimetres, according to spacing in the rows 1m determined, line-spacing 2.5～3m digs planting hole on the platform of ridge, by seedling kind in the central authorities on ridge vertical Put into planting hole, make root system full extension, having peace of mind of banketing, water permeable.The method is not only advantageous to water drainage, it is ensured that at root system not Hydrops, table soil thickens simultaneously, beneficially the growth of treelet.

4, routine is planted: to dig bigger field planting hole before planting at ridging, preferably dig in the previous year, it is desirable to hole Diameter 1 meter, deep 80～100 centimetres.After more broken leaves, crop crushing straw, weeds etc. being mixed with the table soil of surrounding, backfill into hole In, and to be mixed into a certain amount of fertilizer and compound fertilizer, hole is filled and led up.The fertile deep area of plain soils, becomes high ridge wholely After, typically need not dig hollow place, diameter 50 centimetres, the cave of deep 50 centimetres can be dug, after applying fertilizer and compound fertilizer, fill out with table soil Flat, in case plantation in spring.Plant, in spring, the central authorities that Miao Shi has digged pit, dig a vesicle adapted with root system size, seedling It is placed in cave, then fills out loose table soil, after burying soil, carry young plant, make root system surrounding touch with upper earth, make root system stretch simultaneously Exhibition is steady and sure again, it is desirable to after having peace of mind, the depth of planting of seedling is identical with the seedling degree of depth in nursery, never plants deep.Then exist Seedling surrounding erects the low bank of earth between fields, whole tree dish well, waters immediately, covering with ground sheeting.

(5) manage after planting

Pruning

The tree-like of large cherry use slender spindle like, sometimes because of needs or the restriction of cultivation condition of facility cultivation, also more There are employing shape crown, happy cylindrical, little, clump branch shape etc. tree-like, these different tree-like simply shape, heading height, major branches The difference of quantity, the technical method basic simlarity of shaping, the present invention repaiies to produce the upper shaping using most slender spindle likes Cut technology.

1, tree management

According to spindle shaped training, spindle is overall tree-like in high slender spindle-shaped shape or cylindric, crown width after shaping Little and thin and tall, whole tree-like in elongated spindle-like.Even crown diameter 1～1.5 meters, the height of tree 3.0～3.5 meters, trunk high 0.8～0.9 Rice；On central authorities' trunk raw 30～50 little provisional major branches of helical arrangement, fruitful branch directly raw on little major branch, little major branch Average length is 0.5～0.8 meter, and the average angle dry with central authorities is about 90--110 °, central authorities' trunk and the major branch base with position The ratio 5～7: 1 of portion's rugosity, after shaping, fusiform large cherry tree mu stays branch amount 8～120,000, long, medium and short branch ratio 1: 1: 8.

The feature of spindle tree management: one be simple in construction, technology be easily mastered, shape fast, in dry strong and straight, in Dry upper cultivation is differed in size, different in size, in picturesque disorder 30～50 branches；Two is convenient management, saving labour force, Spindle shaping and corresponding cultivation pattern thereof are to carry out Machinery for orchard, significantly save the optimum selection of labour force；Before three are Phase yield is high, manages proper, within general 3～4 years, just can complete tree-like shaping early bearing, within the 5th year, just have higher yield, can contract More than 2 years short treelet phase.

2, treelet pruning

(1) winter pruning: after seedling planting after the Seedling field planting of First Year summer pruning finished product, on ground upwards 80～120cm Determining dry at Zuo You, what nursery stock was thick determines dry higher, and surely doing that nursery stock is thin is relatively low.Erase bud and the trunk top at below dry high 40cm position The bud of portion about 15cm, and from dry high about 60cm, every about 15cm girdling once.Do spring then and low can sprout 3～5 Individual branch, dry high energy sends out 5～9 branches.Select topmost robust growth branch bondage upwards vertical growth, do as center.Center Dry often growth about 60cm moderate pinching.Selecting 3 from the position of dry high below 80cm to be reasonably distributed, the strong branch of growth potential is decided Branch.Clamp trunk with wood clamp when each major branch grows to about 15cm and push down branch angle of release, or with about open-angle device angle of release to 70 degree, Later the most often growth about 40cm moderate pinching, after pinching typically can mitogenetic go out 2～3 young sprouts, select topmost eugonic The elongated shoot that Zhi Zuo center is dry, in dry on the raw branch in other side make or fruitful branch is cultivated.The raw branch growth in side is to about 15cm angle of release To 80～90 degree, the often slight pinching of growth about 20cm.After all kinds of branch pinching, the back branch sent is carried out by branch, draws branch, Make its level or sagging growth, it is possible to turn round the tip or remove.The annual tree cut through the summer has been equipped with ground floor major branch.Center is done Typically can grow more than 1m.For preventing the dry inclination in center, juvenile stage is at the dry auxiliary shaping in standing tree bar bondage center, trunk limit.If Field planting sprout, the First Year spring, moderate pinching (cutting off the young sprout of about 20cm) was fixed dry, inspires when young sprout length to 75cm height left and right Young sproutShaping methods is ibid later.

(2) pruning in First Year winter after elongated spindle-like tree body is planted: to cutting back in the elongated shoot of each major branch when the winter cuts；Dredge That does upper growth except back vertical branch and center does the branch of competition with center；Center is done and is being sent out cutting back at the upwards 80cm of branch position, The bud of top (about 15cm length) is done at the center of erasing；What other branch crotch angle was little extremely weighs cutting back；The branch of flat sideways growth long delaying puts； The branch having verticillate terminal bud is pinched.When the dry upper branch amount deficiency in center, Meng Yaqi center is done every 15cm girdling or carves bud rush Set out branch.If major branch amount is inadequate, inspire branch with bud method at quarter.Branch pulling and angle opening is proceeded after germination.

(3) Second Year summer pruning: the young sprout of each major branch elongated shoot continues pinching with First Year pinching method, to back branch Turn round the tip when May grows into semi-lignified, branch growth raw to the side of flat sideways growth is slightly plucked continuously to carrying out during about 20cm The heart, promotes into colored.Center do the young sprout that newly sends will angle of release to level.

(4) the Second Year winter cuts: when the Second Year winter cuts, and prunes each major branch elongated shoot depending on growing space, and seeding row spacing is big Time, in continuing elongated shoot, cutting back expands tree crown, selects weak branch to take the lead during without space, delays and puts.Center dry finishing cuts same First Year winter, But after the dry growing height in center reaches the height set, no longer cutting back, carry out slow putting.Shu Quyu does at center the branch of competition, the back of the body Upper vertical branch.The branch of other flat sideways growths and the branch of sagging growth, the branch being formed without bud continues slow putting, has formed flower The branch of bud carries out cutting back depending on inserted part and space, is trained large, medium and small type fruit-bearing shoot cluster.Typically major branch sidepiece and Big-and-middle-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster can be cultivated in bottom, and major branch back only cultivates small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster.

3, fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated

Fruit-bearing shoot cluster is raw non-permanent result unit on skeleton branch, and its existing fruitful branch also has growth branch, from Become nutrition result system, relatively independent.The treelet phase retains some boughs in the space of skeleton branch, takes up space, and can turn later It is melted into large, medium and small all kinds of fruit-bearing shoot cluster.Fruit-bearing shoot cluster is main setting fruit position, is to have purpose to cultivate by pruning to form.Root It is divided into larger result branch group, medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster and small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster according to its amount and the big I taken up space.

(1) large and medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated: cutting back in first carrying out when the winter cuts, and typically can sprout in 3～4, long shoot, Back branch is turned round the tip by summer, and brachyplast is slow puts, and the golden mean of the Confucian school branch of flat sideways growth often grows about 40cm moderate pinching continuously, Second Year winter Season centering, brachyplast is slow puts, cutting back in continuing strong, prosperous branch.Each large and medium-sized branch group is formed by several small branch groups.

(2) cultivation of the little fruit-bearing shoot cluster of compact: when wanting the branch of cultivation results branch group, residing space is less or at major branch When top and back, the little fruit-bearing shoot cluster of fruit-bearing shoot cluster compact to be trained, its method is: exist major branch top and back branch The season of growth carries out turning round the tip or the continuous pinching of severe, then delays and puts；Branch untreated to summer, after the most extremely weighing cutting back, the Within 2 years, dredge and remove strong prosperous vertical branch, slow put in, the mediocre branch of brachymedial can form small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster；The young sprout of offside branch all one's life is from May Start often growth about 15cm continuously slight pinching or when the winter cuts slow putting can form small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster.

4, the tree-pruning of life in 3～4 years after planting

This phase mainly task of pruning is to cultivate tree management, expands tree crown as early as possible, increases branch and leaf amount, shortens children's age as far as possible Phase, cultivation results branch group, increase setting fruit position.Its main trimming measure is as follows:

(1) based on summer pruning, it is auxiliary with winter pruning.Tree body is also not reaching to the tree of design height, size, centering The heart does cutting back in using when the winter cuts with each major branch elongated shoot, and clip bud stays full outer bud；The season of growth carries out continuous moderate Pinching.Major branch is equipped with incomplete person and bud at quarter can be used to promote to sprout, and cultivates new major branch.

(2) when Growth status is to the height of design, and after tree crown shapes the most substantially, the elongated shoot with each major branch is done no longer in center Cutting back.Center is the most happy again after doing that top is slow and putting result, and grown on top is done when crossing prosperous in center, and the most raw weak branch of choosing is taken the lead, and dredges Except caulody is happy, strengthens summer pruning simultaneously, remove young sprout prosperous, vertical growth and too much 5-7 month in summer in time, Only stay 2-3 weak branch growth.Each major branch elongated shoot uses the lower flat oblique branch of the back of the body to change head.

(3) to retain more prosperous annual shoot, delay again after should extremely weighing cutting back and put, it is possible to take severe to pluck in the season of growth After the heart, taking the circumstances into consideration to be trained all kinds of fruit-bearing shoot cluster depending on inserted part, the golden mean of the Confucian school branch of flat sideways growth is slow continuously to be put.

(4) peripheral many wooden forks branch to be processed in the season of growth: the branch of vertical growth removes or turns round and sends, except elongated shoot Outward, only stay the branch of 1-2 side life sideways growth to carry out the most slight pinching, be trained little fruit-bearing shoot cluster.Remove when winter cuts The too much branch of the competitive branch of elongated shoot and periphery.

(5) clay fertilizer water management and insect pest preventing and controlling；The sapling up-growth phase, in addition to tree upper shaping, cultivation results branch, to strengthen simultaneously The integrated management of rich water, pest and disease damage on underground.To topdress spring every year, Growing season topdresses according to large cherry tree vigo(u)r, pours water；Autumn executes High-quality farm manure；Plant growth regulator PBO is utilized to control tree vigo(u)r；It is strictly on guard against disease pest；Large cherry is made to rapidly enter fruiting period.

Two, the cultural method of twice fruit of 1 year knot of large cherry facility cultivation

The large cherry of Greenhouse cultivation is through definite value 1～the treelet shaping of 4 years, management, and within the 5th year, large cherry enters knot The really phase, average strain is produced at about 2.5kg, end of the most really gathering three the end of month；When large cherry enters fruiting period, real Shi Yinian ties the technical measures of twice fruit.

1, Greenhouse booth heats up and large cherry result for the first time

Logical test in a few years, in West Liaoning to start facility intensification on January 15, i.e. the treelet through 4 years is repaiied Cut cultivation, the fruit tree entering result on the 5th year, start to warm up from the mid-January in Greenhouse, in order to break the dormancy of bud, Reach the concordance that bud is sprouted, spray, at greenhouse increased temperature head afternoon, 70～80 times of dilutions of flourish bud (cyanamide) that weight is 50% Liquid or bud early 70～80 times of diluents, start to draw curtain to heat up for second day.

(1) Greenhouse large cherry rich water quality management

Topdress before spending: this phase topdresses and can impose carbamide or fruit-specific fertilizer, or imposes N P and K NPK constant speed The effect property chemical fertilizer containing multielement.Fruit-specific fertilizer or NPK 1.5Kg/ strain；Carbamide 0.5～1Kg/ strain；Calcium superphosphate is executed The same carbamide of consumption.

Radial canal applies fertilizer: topdress in the orchard in the best fruiting period that this fertilizing method is applicable to seeding row spacing bigger.During ditching, with trunk Centered by, outwards excavate 4～6 radial furrows from trunk 0.5m.Ditch length exceedes tree crown outer rim.Ditch depth 10～15cm.Little tree can To use the fertilising of bar ditch, ditching-fertilizing under the tree crown both sides outer rim that tree body is corresponding.Ditch depth 15～20cm, long according to crown width Depending on.The orchard of covering with plastic film and grass can use a little executes.

Florescence topdresses: soil imposes quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer, or full-bloom stage spray weight be 0.3% carbamide+0.2% Borax+ 600 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solutions.

Fruit expanding period is topdressed: based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer after Fruit.Flushing and spreading fertilizer can be carried out at fruit growth period, General 7～10 Tianchongs are executed once, but must can carry out when reaching 8～15 DEG C by ground temperature, and foliage-spray weight is 0.3% phosphoric acid Potassium dihydrogen, or execute photosynthetic micro-fertilizer that weight is 0.3%, such as sea green element, green protects.

(2) large cherry watering and draining in Annual growth cycle

In growth phase in large cherry year, rest period is to need water less period, and fruit growth and young sprout trophophase are to need Water peak period.Following 5 water: Hua Qianshui, stone water, Cai Houshui, base manure water, water of surviving the winter typically are watered；After typically with fertilising Pour water.

(3) Greenhouse temperature

Temperature before germinateing: just heat up temperature in period, in 1 week, temperature should control to be less than 15 DEG C by day, control night 0～ 5℃.Before germination, daytime temperature controls at 18～20 DEG C, the highest is less than 25 DEG C, is not less than 5～7 DEG C night, and ground temperature keeps 10 DEG C, humidity keeps 80%.Note: to spray water trunk or ground when canopy humidity is too low increases humidity, only keeps the wettest Degree, blooming could be neat.

Bloom temperature: when in canopy Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi see first colored time, spray " PBO " 80～100 times of diluents (strong depending on tree vigo(u)r Weak)；Day temperature controls 16～18 DEG C (pollen germination temperature is 15 DEG C), the highest is less than 20 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls 8 ～10 DEG C, ground temperature 15～17 DEG C, humidity 40%～50% (the excessive easy generation blossom rot of humidity), can put when Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi alabastrum shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally Honeybee pollinate, the flowers are in blossom 30% time can carry out artificial pollination, the flowers are in blossom 50%～60% time, can spray plant growth mediator agent promote sit Really, when Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi petal comes off, spray a plant growing mediator agent again, spray again once after being spaced 15 days, it is possible to repeatedly spray, note Meaning: to avoid when spraying being sprayed onto blade and newly taking with you, temperature is too high or mistake is used for multiple times and there will be excessive growth, malformed fruit, and blade is fertile Greatly Alternate bearing phenomenon even occurs.The time of spraying is preferably selected at dusk, and temperature is unsuitable too high, makes the moisture in medicinal liquid will not Quickly evaporate.The most excessive unabsorbed medicinal liquid deposition leaf surface, is harmful to tree body.Spray the dew of rear the next morning at dusk Water contributes to the absorption of medicinal liquid.

Fruit expanding period: daytime temperature controls at 23～25 DEG C, the highest is less than 28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls at 15 DEG C, Ground temperature is less than 20～22 DEG C, humidity 60%.

The fruit maturation phase: day temperature controls at 20～26 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls at about 17 DEG C, and ground temperature control is 20 ～22 DEG C, humidity is less than 50%.

After gathering: daytime temperature is maintained at 20～25 DEG C, night 18～20 DEG C, humidity 60%.

(4) Greenhouse large cherry flower and fruit management

Large cherry flower and fruit management is the key measure improving large cherry yield and quality, and it mainly includes that pollination, flower thinning are dredged Fruit and prevent dehiscent fruit, artificial pollination be improve fruit-setting rate, increase yield important measures, artificial pollination mainly has following step Rapid:

Gather pollen: gather Radix Platycodonis at initial bloom stage, take off flower pesticide, dried 12～24 hours under the conditions of 24 DEG C, Flower pesticide can give out pollen, collects standby, and the pollen effect with multi items mixing is preferable.

Pollinating method: mainly have and manually put pollination of awarding and spray.Artificial point is awarded and is generally dipped pollen with brush pen or rubber tip, Point is awarded on pistil stigma.Still an alternative is that the top at waddy or bamboo pole, bondage foam plastic pellet, clean gauze Deng soft objects, roll gently between different cultivars flower, reach to adopt the purpose of powder, pollination.Spraying pollination recruitment is few, effect Good, technology requires height.Spraying pollination is it is noted that the weight proportion of pollen, sucrose, Borax and water, and spraying pollination pollen is 2 ‰, sugarcane Sugar 10%, Borax 1 ‰；The suspension being made into is now with the current, typically sprays 1 pollen suspension at full-bloom stage, can obtain Satisfied Pollination Effect.

Florescence bee pollination method: Apis and wall honeybee are the Pollinating Insect that two classes are conventional；Apis just comes into play at 18 DEG C, Just start pollination for more than 20 DEG C；Osmia. excavataAlfken 12 DEG C starts nest and visits flower pollination, less by overcast and rainy low temperature effect, so large cherry Use Osmia. excavataAlfken pollination more particularly suitable, be avoided that the harmful effect of low temperature in early spring.

Dehiscent fruit and preventive measure thereof: before large cherry is gathered, soil moisture is excessive, and flesh cell water suction is expanded rapidly, but fruit Chrotoplast physiological activity is slow, when the pressure that fruit turgescence increases above peel and flesh cell wall can bear, and will Causing dehiscent fruit, Preharvest dehiscent fruit is also often closely related with fruit calcium deficiency, so supplementing the important measures that calcium is prevention large cherry dehiscent fruit, The method of replenishing the calcium is: beginning in 2 weeks is every the amino acid calcium of about 10 days sprayings one time 300～500 times after spend, totally 2～3 times, can Alleviate dehiscent fruit.

(5) Greenhouse large cherry fruit harvesting

Starting the management to 30 75 day time of March from greenhouse intensification on January 15, fruit enters maturation, All gather for three the end of month end, the most annual the beginning of April greenhouse large cherry just listing period.

2, Greenhouse booth large cherry second time result

(1) fill organic fertilizer: after large cherry fruit picking, begin to bud differentiation, fruit tree should be carried out immediately in this period and execute Fertilizer, will use the organic fertilizer of abundant fermenting-ripening, and every strain is no less than 30kg；Again with the use of quick-acting fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.Nitrogen, Phosphorus, potassium, preferably compound fertilizer, compound fertilizer etc. is containing the complete quick action fertilizer of element.Dose and fertilizing method are with result for the first time Topdress before spending identical.Calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc, ferrum etc. are executed with imposing or fill, foliage-spray；Based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer after Fruit, Can carry out filling fertilising material at regrowth hair fruit growth period, within general 7～10 days, fill and execute once, but must ground temperature when reaching 8～15 DEG C Can carry out filling executing, foliage-spray weight 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the photosynthetic micro-fertilizer of weight 0.3%, such as sea green element, green protect, have It is beneficial to accelerate large cherry bud differentiation and improve large cherry the bud quality, lays a solid foundation for lower annual bearing.

(2) large cherry summer pruning: tree body is carried out pruning title summer pruning season by the growth promoter at large cherry.Big cherry The summer pruning of Fructus Persicae is mainly carried out during vigorous growth.Purpose is to reduce the invalid growth of young sprout, increases branch and leaf amount, stunted tree Body, improves illumination condition, makes tree body early shape, precocity flower, precocity fruiting.Main pruning method has: branch pulling and angle opening, pinching, the torsion tip, The methods such as bud picking, band girdle, girdling.

(2.1) branch pulling and angle opening: referring mainly to the branch that the center that is grown directly upon is done, between general and center is dry, angle to reach To more than 70 degree, be just conducive to yielding positive results.Branch pulling and angle opening early to be carried out, and the age of tree is little, and branch is relatively thin, draws branch effective.From fixed Plant the branch starting that center is done May then and draw branch, by branch, pendant branch, support branch, other branch, to the first transaction of a day's business switch-horn degree Effect is best；Or carry out during this period of time drawing branch before starting growth to young sprout after annual tree body rudiment in spring, it is difficult to splitting, whole The individual season of growth all can carry out drawing branch.Twig or withe open-angle device angle of release.When branch is thicker, branch need to be tied down with rope or iron wire At 1/3-1/2, with thing pads such as old cloth at impetus, with antisitic defect cortex, cause gummosis.The other end of rope ties up on timber wedge, wood It is fixed into the soil that wedge and ground are 45 degree of angles.Before drawing branch, can draw again after first being allowed to soften with the base portion of hand rolling branch.Each master Branch typically needs branch pulling and angle opening 70～80 degree.During branch pulling and angle opening, notice that regulation major branch, in the orientation in tree crown space, makes each major branch uniform Distribution.

(2.2) pinching: pinching is before young sprout not yet lignifying, extracts the tender part of children of tip, referred to as pinching.It is Large cherry summer pruning is applied a kind of most methods.Treelet is carried out pinching, can promote to sprout more branch, promote Flower_bud formation.To just fruit phase and trees in richful production period pinching, saving nutrition can be played, improve the effect such as percentage of fertile fruit and fruit quality.Pluck The heart can be divided into slight pinching, moderate pinching and severe pinching.Slight pinching: be only to pluck top about 5cm, can only sprout after pinching Send out 1～2 young sprout and elongation growth.Controlling increment 10～20cm, continuously slight pinching, can form fruitful branch；Moderate is plucked The heart: purpose is to inspire multi-branched, must pluck more than 15cm when young sprout grows into more than 40cm, typically can sprout 3～4 Individual branch；Severe pinching: when branch development to more than 40cm, stays about 15cm pinching, not only can inspire branch, moreover it is possible to make bottom Bud sprout grow up to brachyplast or leafage branch, form small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster.Pinching stays a length should raw space and branch according to branch Different purposes depending on.As skeleton branch, stay branch longer, should be at more than 40cm.When young sprout growth is longer, and stay branch shorter, pluck During the semi-lignified of heart position, need to prune with scissors and claim top clipping, the effect of top clipping is stronger than pinching.

(2.3) bud picking: in the season of growth, erases too much useless rudiment in time.The upright life typically sprouted at branch back Long bud, the interior kryptoblast sprouting etc. produced after rudiment, sparse branching is an impediment to too much rudiment and the butt of major branch at different levels growth The stock bud that portion sprouts, all should erase in the budding period in time.But the bud on the branches at different levels of large cherry is substantially all in addition to kryptoblast Can sprout, these buds typically can be only formed leafage branch, and increment is few, and blade is big and many, can manufacture substantial amounts of nutrient, when tree body Strong shape, when light transmission condition is good, can change into boundray branch, can not erase.

(2.4) turn round the tip: be exactly when young sprout semi-lignified, pinch the middle and lower part reverse twist 180 degree of young sprout with hands, make new Tip level or sagging, injures wooden and cortex but does not fractures.Turn round the tip in 5～June and advantageously form bud.To back branch, interior Carry out turning round the tip to branch, can effectively weaken growth potential, increase sprig quantity.

(2.5) band girdle, girdling: with scraper girdling one week or a few week on annual or perennial branch, as deep as xylem But do not peel off cortex, claim girdling；Branch base portion more than biennial, the technology that phloem is peelled off a circle claims band girdle.Method It is to cut a circle with two-edged Girding cutter along branch base portion, cortex is torn, general about the 3mm of band girdle width sprig, thicker branch 5- 6mm.The girdling edge of a knife is smooth, beneficially wound healing.The upper girdling of large cherry tree is many to be used in the budding period in spring, when center is dry or Girdling when a part lacks branch on major branch, can promote leafage branch to develop into middle long shoot.The band girdle time many as required depending on, for Improve percentage of fertile fruit and fruit quality, can use before the physiological fallen fruit phase；For promoting flower_bud formation, can carry out in late May.Large cherry There is the physiological reaction of gummosis, must be cautious use of.One: only use in the auxiliary support branch of Wang Shu；Its two: the band girdle time can not mistake In evening, wound is difficult to healing and easy gummosis too late；Its three: band girdle wound antibacterial to be used liquid medicine painting, plastic adhesive tape wrap up, can subtract Few gummosis.

(3) application of plant growth regulator

PBO: after summer pruning, to control treelet prosperous for the plant growth regulator PBO of foliage-spray 200～400 times of weight Long, promote flower_bud formation, improve early yield, use the paclobutrazol diluent of 5 times of weight to be coated with dry.

(4) fallen leaves and dormancy are controlled

After annual three large cherry at the end of month first time fruits are gathered, need to arrive through the growth time of two first quarter moons and bud differentiation June 15, large cherry row dormancy again after the growth and bud differentiation of two first quarter moons, about in the first tenday period of a month in June before dormancy First spray 400 times of ethephon diluents that weight is 40% and control young sprout growth and young sprout fallen leaves, after 3～4 days, spray Baume degrees 3～5 degree of lime sulfurs or weight are 5% penta sodium pentachlorophenate, force whole leaf abscission, reduce temperature in Greenhouse, June ten Five start to proceed to dormancy, and temperature dormancy time under the conditions of 2.4～5 DEG C is one month, and dormancy on July 15 terminates.

(5) prune

The main task that this phase prunes is regulating illumination and the cultivation of fruit-bearing shoot cluster, renewal, rejuvenation, keeps golden mean of the Confucian school stalwartness Tree vigo(u)r, removes the most prosperous annual shoot and affects the branch of cella illumination, and delay of the middle brachyplast of the golden mean of the Confucian school puts more, and tree vigo(u)r equalizes, without local Prosperous length or weak phenomenon.

(6) large cherry rest period temperature adjusting

Intelligent greenhouse: by temperature adjusting at 2.4～5 DEG C, insulation quilt is covered tightly by daytime, evening, suitable Radix Saposhnikoviae, continued One month.

Ordinary greenhouse: human assistance can be used to lower the temperature, and insulation quilt is covered tightly by daytime, evening suitable Radix Saposhnikoviae, having of cooling Efficacious prescriptions method one is refrigeration machine；I.e. use refrigeration machine by temperature adjusting at 2.4～5 DEG C, continue one month；Two is that dry ice adds wind Fan, is put in fritter dry ice in little metal bucket, is suspended on top of greenhouse, hangs one for every 10 square metres, and every 10 meters add a fan and blow Wind is cooled to the temperature 2.4 of large cherry dormancy requirement～5 DEG C, continues (rest period) one month.By test, West Liaoning hangs 2 ～3 dry ice.

(7) started July 15 to take off by second time intensification breaking dormancy

After large cherry dormancy one month, greenhouse starts to warm up, and i.e. started July 15 to take off to be heated up by second time and breaks not Sleep, in order to break the dormancy of bud, reach the concordance that bud is sprouted, spray the flourish bud of weight 50% at greenhouse increased temperature head afternoon (single Cyanamide) 70～80 times of diluents or 50% bud early 70～80 times of diluents, within second day, start to draw curtain to heat up, actual temp regulating tube Reason is:

Temperature before germinateing: just heat up temperature in period, in 1 week, temperature should control to be less than 15 DEG C by day, control night 0～ 5℃.Before germination, day temperature controls at 18～20 DEG C, the highest is less than 25 DEG C, is not less than 5～7 DEG C night, and ground temperature is maintained at 10 DEG C, humidity keeps 80%.Note: to spray water trunk or ground when canopy humidity is too low increases humidity, only keeps certain Humidity, blooming could be neat.

Bloom temperature: when in canopy Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi see first colored time, spray plant growth regulator PBO 80～100 times of dilutions Liquid (strong and weak depending on tree vigo(u)r)；Day temperature controls 16～18 DEG C (pollen germination temperature is 15 DEG C), the highest is less than 20 DEG C, night Temperature controls at 8～10 DEG C, ground temperature 15～17 DEG C, humidity 40%～50% (the excessive easy generation blossom rot of humidity), works as cherry blossom When flower bud shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally can bee pollination, the flowers are in blossom 30% time can carry out artificial pollination, when the flowers are in blossom 50%～60% time, carry out spray on plants raw Long mediator agent promotes to bear fruit, and sprays a plant growing mediator agent again, spray once after being spaced 15 days again when petal comes off, it is possible to Repeatedly spray.Noting: to avoid when spraying being sprayed onto on blade and young sprout, temperature is too high or mistake is used for multiple times and there will be excessive growth, abnormal Shape fruit, even there is Alternate bearing phenomenon in blade hypertrophy.The time of spraying is preferably selected at dusk, and temperature is unsuitable too high, makes medicinal liquid In moisture will not quickly evaporate.The most excessive unabsorbed medicinal liquid deposition leaf surface, is harmful to tree body.After spraying at dusk the The dew in two day morning contributes to the absorption of medicinal liquid.

The fruit maturation phase: daytime temperature controls at 20～26 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls at about 17 DEG C, and ground temperature is less than 20 ～22 DEG C, humidity is less than 50%.

Rich water quality management: rich water quality management is identical with the rich water quality management method in large cherry for the first time result.

Flower and fruit management with gather: identical with collecting method with the flower and fruit management in large cherry for the first time result.

After large cherry grows 75 days in Greenhouse, i.e. JIUYUE maturation on the 30th, started annual October 1 Booth large cherry is by the most ripe and listing of gathering.

3, the cherry tree management after fruit harvesting

(1) temperature: after fruit harvesting, fruit tree daytime temperature is maintained at 20～25 DEG C, night 18～20 DEG C, humidity 60%.

(2) topdress: after large cherry fruit picking, begin to bud differentiation, immediately fruit tree should be imposed base manure in this period, Use the every strain of organic fertilizer of abundant fermenting-ripening no less than 30kg；Again with the use of with the quick-acting fertilizer complete containing element, chemical fertilizer Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, preferably compound fertilizer.

(3) prune: large cherry is in the pruning in this period, it is therefore an objective to reduce the invalid growth of young sprout, increase branch and leaf amount, downgrade Tree body, improves illumination condition, makes tree body early shape, precocity flower, precocity fruiting；Main pruning method has: branch pulling and angle opening, pinching, torsion The methods such as the tip.

(4) application of plant growth regulator PBO: foliage-spray 200～the PBO diluent of 400 times, and use 5 times amount Paclobutrazol diluent be coated with dry, can preferably control the prosperous length of treelet, promote flower_bud formation, improve early yield.

Within 30th, starting to December 15 days from JIUYUE, the management of two first quarter moons, large cherry bud differentiation is complete. This period management is improper, can affect large cherry yield next year.December starts cooling on the 15th, and large cherry carries out dormancy, during dormancy Between be one month, temperature controls at 2～5 DEG C.Dormancy on January 15 next year terminates to start to warm up entrance Second Year result, management Ibid.

4, the integrated management of large cherry pest and disease damage

Large cherry is during whole cultivation management, and the integrated management of Greenhouse large cherry insect pest preventing and controlling is as follows:

Clear garden: trench digging embedment undergrounds such as the weeds on ground, fallen leaves, eliminate the disease pest bacterium source survived the winter.

Spray medicine: sprout is set body before sprouting and uniformly sprays 25% nitrile 2000 times of+48% chlorpyrifos ec of bacterium azoles cream 1000 times, Thoroughly disease pest source in bark is killed in infiltration, significantly reduces later stage pest and disease damage radix.

Soft rot, gray mold, anthrax: Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi take off the storehouse phase spray 24% narrow benzene azoles (deserved LG-DOW) 4000 times or 20% safe and sound life (Bayer Bitterfeld GmbH) 1000 times or 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times, every spray in 7～10 days once, continuous 2～3 Secondary, the most double control early defoliation disease.

Early defoliation disease: spray equivalent formula Bordeaux mixture 2～3 times, or 80% Tebuconazole 5000 times, 10% benzene rice after gathering Methyl cyclic-azole 1000 times.

Shothole disease: can be in conjunction with gray mold, Disease-Control for Soft-Rotting sprays 2000 times of 20% match azoles zinc, or melon Fructus Persicae feels well 1500 times.

Tetranychid: (Tetranychus urticae), according to tetranychid, a situation arises, can spray 1.8% avilamycin 2000 times mixed 25% 3 1200 times of azoles stannum, is spaced and sprays once for 7 days again.Can reach splendid prevention effect.

Caterpillar, leaf folder: spray 4.5% cypermethrin 1200～1500 times, or 1% High-chlorine emamectin benzoate 2000 times, (note children Really the phase can not use Tebuconazole, Belmark, this benzene happy etc.).

Scale insect: harm Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi trunk pest is mainly theatre scale insect, Cortex Mori scale insect etc..Can spray before the germination that heats up Execute 5 degree of sulfur water, after gathering, spray a mu Wang Te (spiral shell worm second fat) 4000 times of (Bayer Bitterfeld GmbH) or 4.5% cypermethrins 1200 times, Add exhibition thoroughly, silk profit, emerging agriculture 4000 times.

Crown gall: dig up or wipe out disease tumor, with K8420～30 times of pouring root sterilizations.

Claims

1. the facility cultivation method of twice fruit of 1 year knot of large cherry, has cultivated in Greenhouse, it is characterised in that: choosing Select large cherry bud differentiation soon, stable high yield, continuous result and the strong early-maturing variety of resistance against diseases through the children cultivating 4 years Tree；By management and cultivation after carrying out summer pruning, rich water quality management, flower and fruit management under temperature adjusting, gathering, coordinate branch pinching, Inspire fruitful branch to generate, improve bud differentiation and accelerate the comprehensive management technology measure that tree body stores, reaching large cherry at facility Twice fruit of 1 year knot in greenhouse, specifically includes following cultural method:

Using canopy height than normal greenhouse booth high 50～60cm, Based Intelligent Control warmhouse booth need not be increased, select ridging high, The planting system of wide row dense planting；Open large cherry branch group angle, cultivation results branch group by summer, winter pruning, pass through Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi Prune after fallen leaves and adjust tree management, build all kinds of Fruit branch skeleton；

(2) the greenhouse production management time: prune through the treelets of 4 years and cultivate, the fruit tree entering result on the 5th year, Greenhouse Start to warm up from the mid-January, end of the most really gathering three the end of month；Growth promoter bud differentiation through two first quarter moons is tied Bundle, mid-June fallen leaves complete start dormancy of lowering the temperature, mid-June to mid-July is dormancy time；Start mid-July to beat Broken dormancy heats up, and again through two and half months growth promoter, JIUYUE end second time fruit is gathered end；Pass through again after fruit harvesting The growth promoter of two first quarter moons, starts cooling mid-December and carries out dormancy, and mid-January mid-December to next year is for stopping The dormancy time, mid-January next year starts to warm up again production Second Year fruit；

(3) result for the first time: the large cherry of Greenhouse cultivation is through definite value 1～the trimming and finishing of 4 years, management, and the 5th year big Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi enters fruiting period, by rich water quality management, micro-fertile utilizes, and flower and fruit management, temperature humidity regulate and control, and carries out large cherry summer simultaneously Prune, cultivation results branch group, utilize plant growth regulator to control tree vigo(u)r, produce for second time result and lay the first stone, for the first time The cultivation management of result:

(1) rich water quality management

Topdress before spending: this phase imposes carbamide or fruit-specific fertilizer, or N P and K NPK class quick-acting is containing multielement Fertile；Fruit-specific fertilizer or NPK 1.2～1.5Kg/ strain, carbamide 0.5～1Kg/ strain, the same carbamide of calcium superphosphate amount of application；

Radial canal applies fertilizer: during ditching, outwards excavates 4～6 radial furrows centered by trunk, and ditch length exceedes tree crown outer rim, ditch Deep 10～15cm；Little tree can use bar ditch to apply fertilizer, ditching-fertilizing under the tree corresponding tree crown both sides outer rim of body, ditch depth 15～ 20cm；

Florescence topdresses: soil imposes quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer, or sprays weight 0.3% carbamide+weight 0.2% Borax+600 at full-bloom stage Times potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution；

Based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer after Fruit, carry out filling fertilising material at fruit growth period, within 7～10 days, fill and execute once, must be on ground Carrying out filling when temperature reaches 8～15 DEG C executing, foliage-spray weight is the sea green element of photosynthetic micro-fertilizer of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.3% Or the green one of which protected in them；

In growth phase in large cherry year, rest period is to need water less period, and fruit growth and young sprout trophophase are to need water high The peak phase, Hua Qianshui, stone water, Cai Houshui, base manure water, water of surviving the winter need to be watered after fertilising；

(2) in greenhouse, temperature controls

Temperature before germinateing: just heat up temperature in period, in 1 week, greenhouse temperature should control, by day less than 15 DEG C, to control night 0 ～5 DEG C, before germinateing, day temperature controls, at 18～25 DEG C, to be not less than 5～7 DEG C night, and ground temperature is maintained at 10 DEG C, and humidity keeps 80%；

Bloom temperature: when in canopy Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi see first colored time, spray PBO 80～100 times of diluents, day temperature controls 16～20 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls at 8～10 DEG C, ground temperature 15～17 DEG C, humidity 40～50%；Honeybee is put when Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi alabastrum shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally Pollination, the flowers are in blossom 30% time carry out artificial pollination, the flowers are in blossom 50%～60% time, carry out spray plant growth mediator agent promote bear fruit, When Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi petal comes off and interval sprays a plant growing mediator agent after 15 days the most respectively；

Fruit expanding period: day temperature controls at 23～28 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 12～15 DEG C, and ground temperature control is at 20～22 DEG C, wet Degree is less than 60%；

The fruit maturation phase: day temperature controls at 20～26 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 16～18 DEG C, and ground temperature control is at 20～22 DEG C, wet Degree is less than 50%；

(3) greenhouse large cherry flower and fruit management

Artificial pollination: raw initial bloom stage gathers Radix Platycodonis, takes off flower pesticide, dried 12～24 hours under the conditions of 24 DEG C, flower pesticide Can give out pollen, collect standby, the pollen effect with multi items mixing is preferable；Pollinating method has artificial point to award and spraying is awarded Powder, pollination pollen 2 ‰ of spraying, sucrose 10%, Borax 1 ‰；1 pollen suspension is sprayed at full-bloom stage；

Dehiscent fruit prevents: after cherry blossom, beginning in 2 weeks is every the amino acid calcium diluent of about 10 days sprayings one time 300～500 times, Spray 2～3 times, alleviate dehiscent fruit by replenishing the calcium altogether；

(4) result for the second time: by increasing the weight of rich water quality management, quick-acting fertilizer, micro-fertilizer, the application acceleration tree body of plant growth agent store, Reasonably summer pruning, removes invalid branch, airtight branch, draws branch, it is achieved ventilation and penetrating light accelerates large cherry bud differentiation, and cooling ensures Tree body dormancy and large cherry second time result:

(1) fill organic fertilizer: people's Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi begins to bud differentiation after first time fruit picking, fruit tree need to be imposed organic in this period The every strain of fertilizer is no less than 30kg, fills fertilising material at regrowth hair fruit growth period, within 7～10 days, fills and execute once, must reach 8～15 at ground temperature DEG C time carry out filling executing；

(2) summer pruning: the summer pruning of large cherry is mainly carried out during vigorous growth, by branch pulling and angle opening, slight, moderate With severe pinching, bud picking, turn round the tip, band girdle, girdling, reduce the invalid growth of young sprout, increase branch and leaf amount, make tree body early shape, become Flower, result；

(3) application of plant growth regulator: foliage-spray 200～the PBO control prosperous length of treelet of 400 times after pruning, promotes flower Buds formation, uses the paclobutrazol diluent of 5 times to be coated with dry；

(4) fallen leaves, dormancy: to annual three the end of month large cherry will be through the growth time of two first quarter moons and bud differentiation, in dormancy The front 400 times of ethephon diluents first spraying weight 40%, control young sprout growth and young sprout is fallen leaves, and spray Baume after 3～4 days again Degree is lime sulfur or weight 5% penta sodium pentachlorophenate of 3～5, forces whole leaf abscission；Reduce temperature in Greenhouse, June Starting to proceed to dormancy the middle ten days, temperature dormancy time under the conditions of 2.4～5 DEG C is one month；

(5) start mid-July to take off to be heated up for the second time: after large cherry dormancy terminates, greenhouse starts to warm up, rise using warming therapy in greenhouse Before spray 50% flourish bud 70～80 times of diluents or bud early 70～80 times of diluents, to break the dormancy of bud, spray and start next day to draw Curtain heats up, its germinate before temperature, bloom temperature, fruit expanding period temperature, fruit maturation phase temperature and after gathering temperature control Control identical with the temperature in large cherry for the first time results management；

Large cherry is after Greenhouse two first quarter moons of growth, and i.e. annual JIUYUE end the beginning of October booth regrowth hair large cherry will be the most ripe With gathered.

The facility cultivation method of large cherry the most according to claim 1 twice fruit of 1 year knot, it is characterised in that: described training Foster fruit-bearing shoot cluster is divided into larger result branch group, medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster and small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster；Large and medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster cultural method Being: cutting back in first carrying out when the winter cuts typically to sprout in 3～4, long shoot, summer back branch is turned round the tip, brachyplast is slow puts, flat The golden mean of the Confucian school branch of sideways growth often grows about 40cm continuously moderate pinching, and Second Year centering in winter, brachyplast is slow puts, and continues strong, prosperous branch Cutting back in continuous, each large and medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster is formed by several small-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters；The training of compact small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster Breeding method is: carries out turning round the tip or the continuous pinching of severe to major branch top and back branch in the season of growth, then delays and put；To summer not The branch processed, after the most extremely weighing cutting back, Second Year is dredged and is removed strong prosperous vertical branch, slow put in, the mediocre branch of brachymedial can form small-sized result Branch group；The young sprout of offside branch all one's life starts often to grow the most slight pinching of about 15cm from May or slow putting can shape when the winter cuts Become small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster.

3. according to the facility cultivation method of twice fruit of 1 year knot of the large cherry described in claim, it is characterised in that: described is big The tree management of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi is elongated spindle-like, and after shaping, crown width is little and thin and tall, whole tree-like in elongated spindle-like, is averagely preced with 1～1.5 meter, the height of tree 3.0～3.5 meters, trunk is high 0.8～0.9 meter；On central authorities' trunk raw 30～50 helical arrangement are little faces Time property major branch, fruitful branch directly raw on little major branch, little major branch average length is 0.5～0.8 meter, the average folder dry with central authorities Angle is 90～110 °, the ratio 5～7: 1 of central authorities trunk and the major branch base portion rugosity at same position, fusiform large cherry tree after shaping Mu stays branch amount 8～120,000, long, medium and short branch ratio 1: 1: 8.

4. according to the facility cultivation method of twice fruit of 1 year knot of the large cherry described in claim, it is characterised in that: described is right Main trimming measure during the treelet of life in 3～4 years is pruned during treelet is pruned and cultivates before 4 years is as follows:

(1) based on summer pruning, it is auxiliary with winter pruning；Tree body is also not reaching to the treelet of design height, size, in inciting somebody to action The heart does cutting back in using when the winter cuts with each major branch elongated shoot, and clip bud stays full outer bud；The season of growth carries out continuous moderate Pinching, major branch is equipped with incomplete person and uses bud at quarter to promote to sprout, cultivates new major branch；

(2) when Growth status to design height, after tree crown shapes the most substantially, the dry elongated shoot no longer cutting back with each major branch in center, Center is the most happy again after doing that top is slow and putting result, and grown on top is done when crossing prosperous in center, and the most raw weak branch of choosing is taken the lead, and removes caulody Happily, strengthen summer pruning simultaneously, removed young sprout prosperous, vertical growth and too much in time in summer 5～July, and only stayed 2 ～3 weak branch growths, each major branch elongated shoot uses the lower flat oblique branch of the back of the body to change head；

(3) to retain more prosperous annual shoot, delay again after should extremely weighing cutting back and put, it is possible to take severe pinching in the season of growth After, take the circumstances into consideration to be trained all kinds of fruit-bearing shoot cluster depending on inserted part, the golden mean of the Confucian school branch of flat sideways growth is slow continuously to be put；(4) to peripheral many wooden forks branch To process in the season of growth: the branch of vertical growth removes or turns round and sends, in addition to elongated shoot, only stay 1～2 side life sideways growth Branch carry out continuously slight pinching, be trained little fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the competitive branch and the periphery that remove elongated shoot when the winter cuts are too much Branch；

(5) clay fertilizer water management and insect pest preventing and controlling；The sapling up-growth phase, in addition to tree upper shaping, cultivation results branch, topdress annual spring, Growing season topdresses according to large cherry tree vigo(u)r, pours water；Autumn executes high-quality farm manure, utilizes plant growth regulator PBO to control tree vigo(u)r, anti- Only disease pest, makes large cherry rapidly enter fruiting period.