CN108174739A - Four major branch rapid shaping method of peach - Google Patents
Four major branch rapid shaping method of peach Download PDFInfo
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- CN108174739A CN108174739A CN201810142583.XA CN201810142583A CN108174739A CN 108174739 A CN108174739 A CN 108174739A CN 201810142583 A CN201810142583 A CN 201810142583A CN 108174739 A CN108174739 A CN 108174739A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical fields, are specifically related to a kind of four major branch rapid shaping method of peach.Reach the peach building well of more than 1.0cm using rhizome, done surely before spring rudiment, growth, not bud picking are slightly let alone in heading height 50cm, the new of sprouting；Fixed dry current year, in June 20, four major branches are selected, four major branches respectively account for 90 ° of plane, and four major branches are respectively the southeast, northeast, southwest, northwest four direction；With the growth of major branch, the second branch of major branch back is removed, ensures uniaxial extension, the second branch on major branch smoothes out with the fingers branch when reaching 20 25cm；During winter pruning, the branch on major branch removes overstocked branch on principle, keeps 10 20cm of branch spacing.The tree-like culture digitlization of this method, tree management are simplified, on major branch directly raw fruitful branch, no side shoot；The tree-like ventilation and penetrating light is good, and tree body load capacity is strong, continuous result year limit for length, tree-like firm, is not preced with partially.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical fields, are specifically related to a kind of four major branch rapid shaping method of peach.
Background technology
Peach belongs to the strong seeds of light property, and easy disappearance is done at center when growing naturally, and tree crown is often in opening a business, positioned at tree crown
The branch of periphery because there is preferable illumination condition, more than raw bud and full, and the quality of fruit is good, and the branch bud of interior thorax is few
And it is flat, fruit is small and poor quality.The common Training system of country peach is natural open centre shape, free spindle, trunk shape at present.
Natural open centre shape descending branch the bud quality is poor, and fruit head is small, poor quality, and setting fruit position is easily outer to be moved, and interior thorax baldness is three-dimensional empty
Between it is under-utilized, low output is long into time high yield period, and 4-5 easily occurs burning day into the best fruiting period, major branch back, tree body knot
The fruit time limit is short；Free spindle, trunk shape branches and leaves amount are big, and easily appearance is upper strong, and the bad control of tree body, shaping technique is relatively cumbersome,
It takes a lot of work and pruning technique difficulty is big.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of four major branch rapid shaping method of peach.The party
The tree-like culture digitlization of method, tree management are simplified, on major branch directly raw fruitful branch, no side shoot, after fruitful branch result,
It carries out retraction rejuvenation or removes, renewal speed is fast；The tree-like ventilation and penetrating light is good, and tree body load capacity is strong, early high-yield, stable yields,
Continuous result year limit for length, it is tree-like firm, it is not preced with partially.
Four major branch rapid shaping method of peach of the present invention, specifically includes following steps：
(1) reach the peach building well of more than 1.0cm using rhizome, done surely before spring rudiment, heading height 50cm, sprouted
New slightly let alone growth, not bud picking；
(2) fixed dry current year, in June 20, four major branches are selected, four major branches respectively account for 90 ° of plane, four major branches
The respectively southeast, northeast, southwest, northwest four direction are selected and remain before major branch works in June 30 and are terminated；
(3) with the growth of major branch, the second branch of major branch back is removed, removes the second branch that major branch extends the tip, is ensured single
Axis extends, and the second branch on major branch smoothes out with the fingers branch when reaching 20-25cm；
(4) during winter pruning, the branch on major branch removes overstocked branch on principle, keeps branch spacing 10-20cm.
Wherein：
The angle of four major branches and trunk described in step (2) is in 25-30 °.
The rugosity ratio that the second branch on major branch described in step (3) should meet second branch and major branch on major branch reaches
1:Less than 4.
Branch of smoothing out with the fingers described in step (3) is to make second branch with main branch angles in 120-140 °.
The principle for removing overstocked branch described in step (4) is to force to stay on weak, goes directly to stay tiltedly.
After the completion of shaping, high control is set at 3-3.5 meters, 2.5-3 meters of crown diameter stays branch amount 8000-9000 items per acre.
As a preferred technical solution, four major branch rapid shaping method of peach of the present invention, specifically include with
Lower step：
(1) reach the peach strong sprout building well of more than 1.0cm using rhizome, done surely in time before spring rudiment, heading height
Growth, not bud picking are slightly temporarily let alone in 50cm, the new of sprouting.
(2) fixed dry current year in June 20, selects and remain the relatively uniform four major branch weights of growing way for stretching to both sides in the ranks
Point culture, four major branches are respectively accounted for 90 ° of plane, are advisable with the southeast, northeast, southwest, northwest four direction, four selected and remain major branch
Angle with trunk is selected and remain before major branch works in June 30 and is terminated in 25 °.
(3) with the growth of major branch, the excessively prosperous second branch of major branch back is removed in time, makes second branch and major branch on major branch
Rugosity ratio reach 1:4 extend second branch excessively prosperous near the tip hereinafter, removing major branch, keep extending tip advantage, ensure that single shaft prolongs
It stretches.Second branch on major branch smoothes out with the fingers branch when reaching 20-25cm, makes second branch with main branch angles in 120 °.
(4) during winter pruning, the branch on major branch is weak according to going to force to stay on, and goes that oblique principle is directly stayed to remove the overstocked branch in part,
Keep branch spacing 10-20cm.After the completion of shaping, high control is set at 3-3.5 meters or so, 2.5-3 meters of crown diameter stays branch amount per acre
8000-9000 items, peach " four major branches " is tree-like to mould completion.
The invention has the advantages that：
(1) four major branches shaping methods of the present invention are easy to operate, easy to learn to be easy to do, and forming is rapid, can complete to set for the year
Shape is moulded.
(2) peach " four major branches " shaping technique has accomplished tree-like culture digitlization, and tree management is simplified, straight on major branch
Then fruitful branch is given birth to, no side shoot after fruitful branch result, carries out retraction rejuvenation or removes, renewal speed is fast.
(3) the tree-like ventilation and penetrating light is good, and tree body load capacity is strong, early high-yield, stable yields, continuous result year limit for length, tree-like
It is firm, it is not preced with partially.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Place：Yiyuan County East town wheat valley village
Time：2014
Kind：August crisp peach
1st, cultivation season and density
Spring soil in 2014 thaw after to being transplanted before rudiment, the peach strong sprout building well of 1.0cm is reached using rhizome,
It is required that nursery stock kind is pure, stock is high-quality, well developed root system, no disease and pests harm.Mountainous region peach garden, seeding row spacing 3m × 4m.
2nd, fertilizer and water management
Soil, more than depth 60cm, applying organic manure, mu dosage 1000kg are ploughed deeply before field planting；A flood is poured after ploughing deeply
It is heavy real, in case plant.1 flood is poured along furrow in time after field planting, overlay film soil moisture conservation improves survival rate；Watering in due course, promotes after surviving
Growth；June 20 carried out first time fertilising, and based on nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer, every dosage 150g promotes growth.Second is carried out after 15 days
Secondary top dressing, based on nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer, every dosage 150g promotes growth.August 15 days, carry out third time fertilising, using phosphorus, potash fertilizer as
Main, every dosage 200g promotes Later growth shoot maturation and flower_bud formation.Whole year sprays foliar fertilizer general 5 times, grows early period
2 times, based on nitrogenous fertilizer；Later stage 3 times, based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer.The middle trace element needed for growth and development of fruit tree is added every time.
3rd, pest and disease damage prevention and control
Actively implement the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ".Based on agricultural and physical control, biology is advocated
Green prevention, according to the pests occurrence rule and economic threshold of pest and disease damage, scientifical use Techniques For Chemical Control effectively controls disease pest danger
Evil.5 degree of lime sulfurs are sprayed in March 21 (before rudiment 10 days or so), full garden, and spray is careful, thoughtful, roots out wintering pest
It is former；2000 times+70% of 10% imidacloprid, 800 times+3% of thiophanate-methyl, 1000 times of a cypermethrin is sprayed in April 15, full garden,
It sterilizes and prevents black peach aphid, oriental fruit months etc.；May 26,70% safe and sound 800 times+70% of life, 800 times of thiophanate methyl of spraying+
0.5% 1500 times of emamectin benzoate, spray is thin, to be resprayed after meeting moderate rain or heavy rain after spray；50% carbendazim is sprayed in July 12, full garden
800 times of+20% 4000 times of Rynaxypyr；70% thiophanate methyl, 800 times of+0.5% emamectin benzoate is sprayed in August 10 days, full garden
1500 times；An insecticidal bactericide is sprayed in October 2, full garden, selects 800 times+3% of 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of cypermethrin；11
The moon 6, trunk whitewashing tie up grass bundle, apply 5 degree of lime sulfurs, diseases prevention insect prevention frost damage prevention, with sharp safe overwintering.
4th, shaping measure：
It is done surely in time before spring rudiment, heading height 50cm, growth, not bud picking are slightly temporarily let alone in the new of sprouting.It is fixed dry
For the year, in June 20, the relatively uniform four major branch emphasis cultures of growing way for stretching to both sides in the ranks, four major branches are selected and remain
90 ° of plane are respectively accounted for, are advisable with the southeast, northeast, southwest, northwest four direction, the angle of four selected and remain major branch and trunk is in
It 25 °, selects and remain before major branch works in June 30 and terminates.With the growth of major branch, the excessively prosperous second branch of major branch back is removed in time,
The rugosity ratio of the second branch and major branch on major branch is made to reach 1:4, it removes major branch and extends second branch excessively prosperous near the tip, keep extending
Tip advantage ensures uniaxial extension.Second branch on major branch smoothes out with the fingers branch when reaching 20cm, makes second branch with main branch angles in 120 °.Winter
When season trims, the branch on major branch is weak according to going to force to stay on, and goes that oblique principle is directly stayed to remove the overstocked branch in part, keeps branch spacing
10cm.After the completion of shaping, high control is set at 3 meters, 2.5 meters of crown diameter stays branch amount 8000 per acre, and peach " four major branches " is tree-like to be moulded
It completes.
Embodiment 2
Place：Yiyuan County East Zhen Yuan valleys village
Time：2013
Kind：Yellow peach in Huang
1st, cultivation season and density
Spring soil in 2013 thaw after to being transplanted before rudiment, the peach strong sprout building well of 1.2cm is reached using rhizome,
It is required that nursery stock kind is pure, stock is high-quality, well developed root system, no disease and pests harm.Level land peach garden, sandy loam, seeding row spacing 4m × 4m.
2nd, fertilizer and water management
Soil, more than depth 60cm, applying organic manure, mu dosage 800kg are ploughed deeply before field planting；A flood is poured after ploughing deeply to sink
It is real, in case plant.1 flood is poured along furrow in time after field planting, overlay film soil moisture conservation improves survival rate；Watering in due course, promotes life after surviving
It is long；June 22 carried out first time fertilising, and based on nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer, every dosage 150g promotes growth.It is carried out after 15 days second
Top dressing, based on nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer, every dosage 150g promotes growth.August 10 days, carry out third time fertilising, using phosphorus, potash fertilizer as
Main, every dosage 200g promotes Later growth shoot maturation and flower_bud formation.Whole year sprays foliar fertilizer general 5 times, grows early period
2 times, based on nitrogenous fertilizer；Later stage 3 times, based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer.The middle trace element needed for growth and development of fruit tree is added every time.
3rd, pest and disease damage prevention and control
Actively implement the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ".Based on agricultural and physical control, biology is advocated
Green prevention, according to the pests occurrence rule and economic threshold of pest and disease damage, scientifical use Techniques For Chemical Control effectively controls disease pest danger
Evil.5 degree of lime sulfurs are sprayed in March 20 (before rudiment 10 days or so), full garden, and spray is careful, thoughtful, roots out wintering pest
It is former；3000 times+70% of 20% imidacloprid, 800 times+3.2% of a thiophanate-methyl first dimension chlorine cyanogen 1000 is sprayed in April 12, full garden
Times, it sterilizes and prevents black peach aphid, oriental fruit months etc.；May 25,70% safe and sound 800 times+0.5% of life, 1500 times of emamectin benzoate of spraying,
Spray is thin, to be resprayed after meeting moderate rain or heavy rain after spray；50% carbendazim, 800 times of+20% chlorine worm benzene first is sprayed in July 10, full garden
4000 times of amide；800 times+0.5% of 70% thiophanate methyl, 1500 times of emamectin benzoate is sprayed in August 12 days, full garden；October 3, full garden spray
A time insecticidal bactericide selects 800 times+3% of 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of cypermethrin；November 2, trunk whitewashing, tie up grass bundle,
Apply 5 degree of lime sulfurs, diseases prevention insect prevention frost damage prevention, with sharp safe overwintering.
4th, shaping measure：
It is done surely in time before spring rudiment, heading height 50cm, growth, not bud picking are slightly temporarily let alone in the new of sprouting.It is fixed dry
For the year, in June 20, the relatively uniform four major branch emphasis cultures of growing way for stretching to both sides in the ranks, four major branches are selected and remain
90 ° of plane are respectively accounted for, are advisable with the southeast, northeast, southwest, northwest four direction, the angle of four selected and remain major branch and trunk is in
It 27 °, selects and remain before major branch works in June 30 and terminates.With the growth of major branch, the excessively prosperous second branch of major branch back is removed in time,
The rugosity ratio of the second branch and major branch on major branch is made to reach 1:5, it removes major branch and extends second branch excessively prosperous near the tip, keep extending
Tip advantage ensures uniaxial extension.Second branch on major branch smoothes out with the fingers branch when reaching 22cm, makes second branch with main branch angles in 130 °.Winter
When season trims, the branch on major branch is weak according to going to force to stay on, and goes that oblique principle is directly stayed to remove the overstocked branch in part, keeps branch spacing
15cm.After the completion of shaping, high control is set at 3.3 meters, 2.8 meters of crown diameter stays branch amount 8500, peach " four major branches " tree-like modeling per acre
Make completion.
Embodiment 3
Place：Yiyuan County East town Fu Lu Ping Cun
Time：2012
Kind：Golden yellow gold peach
1st, cultivation season and density
Spring soil in 2012 thaw after to being transplanted before rudiment, the peach strong sprout building well of 1.5cm is reached using rhizome,
It is required that nursery stock kind is pure, stock is high-quality, well developed root system, no disease and pests harm.Level land peach garden, seeding row spacing 4m × 5m.
2nd, fertilizer and water management
Soil, more than depth 60cm, applying organic manure, mu dosage 1000kg are ploughed deeply before field planting；A flood is poured after ploughing deeply
It is heavy real, in case plant.1 flood is poured along furrow in time after field planting, overlay film soil moisture conservation improves survival rate；Watering in due course, promotes after surviving
Growth；June 21 carried out first time fertilising, and based on nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer, every dosage 150g promotes growth.Second is carried out after 15 days
Secondary top dressing, based on nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer, every dosage 150g promotes growth.August 16 days, carry out third time fertilising, using phosphorus, potash fertilizer as
Main, every dosage 200g promotes Later growth shoot maturation and flower_bud formation.Whole year sprays foliar fertilizer general 5 times, grows early period
2 times, based on nitrogenous fertilizer；Later stage 3 times, based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer.The middle trace element needed for growth and development of fruit tree is added every time.
3rd, pest and disease damage prevention and control
Actively implement the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ".Based on agricultural and physical control, biology is advocated
Green prevention, according to the pests occurrence rule and economic threshold of pest and disease damage, scientifical use Techniques For Chemical Control effectively controls disease pest danger
Evil.5 degree of lime sulfurs are sprayed in March 22 (before rudiment 10 days or so), full garden, and spray is careful, thoughtful, roots out wintering pest
It is former；3000 times+70% of 10% imidacloprid, 800 times+3% of thiophanate-methyl, 1000 times of a cypermethrin is sprayed in April 12, full garden,
It sterilizes and prevents black peach aphid, oriental fruit months etc.；May 22, spraying 800 times+0.5% of 40% Mancozeb, 1500 times of emamectin benzoate,
Spray is thin, to be resprayed after meeting moderate rain or heavy rain after spray；50% carbendazim, 800 times of+20% chlorine worm benzene first is sprayed in July 10, full garden
4000 times of amide；70% thiophanate methyl, 800 times of+3.2% 1500 times of first dimension chlorine cyanogen is sprayed in August 11 days, full garden；October 5, entirely
An insecticidal bactericide is sprayed in garden, selects 800 times+3% of 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of cypermethrin；November 3, trunk whitewashing is tied up
Grass bundle applies 5 degree of lime sulfurs, diseases prevention insect prevention frost damage prevention, with sharp safe overwintering.
4th, shaping measure：
It is done surely in time before spring rudiment, heading height 50cm, growth, not bud picking are slightly temporarily let alone in the new of sprouting.It is fixed dry
For the year, in June 20, the relatively uniform four major branch emphasis cultures of growing way for stretching to both sides in the ranks, four major branches are selected and remain
90 ° of plane are respectively accounted for, are advisable with the southeast, northeast, southwest, northwest four direction, the angle of four selected and remain major branch and trunk is in
It 30 °, selects and remain before major branch works in June 30 and terminates.With the growth of major branch, the excessively prosperous second branch of major branch back is removed in time,
The rugosity ratio of the second branch and major branch on major branch is made to reach 1:6, it removes major branch and extends second branch excessively prosperous near the tip, keep extending
Tip advantage ensures uniaxial extension.Second branch on major branch smoothes out with the fingers branch when reaching 25cm, makes second branch with main branch angles in 140 °.Winter
When season trims, the branch on major branch is weak according to going to force to stay on, and goes that oblique principle is directly stayed to remove the overstocked branch in part, keeps branch spacing
20cm.After the completion of shaping, high control is set at 3.5 meters, 3 meters of crown diameter stays branch amount 9000 per acre, and peach " four major branches " is tree-like to be moulded
It completes.
Claims (6)
- A kind of 1. four major branch rapid shaping method of peach, it is characterised in that：Specifically include following steps：(1) reach the peach building well of more than 1.0cm using rhizome, done surely before spring rudiment, heading height 50cm, sprouting it is new Slightly let alone growth, not bud picking；(2) fixed dry current year in June 20, selects four major branches, and four major branches respectively account for 90 ° of plane, four major branch difference For the southeast, northeast, southwest, northwest four direction, select and remain before major branch works in June 30 and terminate；(3) with the growth of major branch, the second branch of major branch back is removed, the second branch that major branch extends the tip is removed, ensures that single shaft prolongs It stretches, the second branch on major branch smoothes out with the fingers branch when reaching 20-25cm；(4) during winter pruning, the branch on major branch removes overstocked branch on principle, keeps branch spacing 10-20cm.
- 2. four major branch rapid shaping method of peach according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Four described in step (2) The angle of major branch and trunk is in 25-30 °.
- 3. four major branch rapid shaping method of peach according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Master described in step (3) The rugosity ratio that second branch on branch should meet second branch and major branch on major branch reaches 1:Less than 4.
- 4. four major branch rapid shaping method of peach according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Smoothing out with the fingers described in step (3) Branch is to make second branch with main branch angles in 120-140 °.
- 5. four major branch rapid shaping method of peach according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Dredging described in step (4) Except the principle of overstocked branch is to force to stay on weak, go directly to stay tiltedly.
- 6. four major branch rapid shaping method of peach according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：After the completion of shaping, high control is set For system at 3-3.5 meters, 2.5-3 meters of crown diameter stays branch amount 8000-9000 items per acre.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109220303A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-01-18 | 濮阳市林业科学院 | Four major branch peach are tree-like and pruning method |
| CN109220304A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-01-18 | 濮阳市林业科学院 | Three major branch peach are tree-like and pruning method |
| CN109644763A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-04-19 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of high photosynthetic efficiency wild goose formation cultural method for peach appropriateness dense planting |
| CN110352770A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-10-22 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of cultural method of the happy shape major branch alternating result of four major branches for peach |
| CN111328615A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-06-26 | 山东康顿生态农业有限公司 | Method for constructing stable tree body structure of mountain peach orchard |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109220303A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-01-18 | 濮阳市林业科学院 | Four major branch peach are tree-like and pruning method |
| CN109220304A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-01-18 | 濮阳市林业科学院 | Three major branch peach are tree-like and pruning method |
| CN109644763A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-04-19 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of high photosynthetic efficiency wild goose formation cultural method for peach appropriateness dense planting |
| CN110352770A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-10-22 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of cultural method of the happy shape major branch alternating result of four major branches for peach |
| CN111328615A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-06-26 | 山东康顿生态农业有限公司 | Method for constructing stable tree body structure of mountain peach orchard |
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Application publication date: 20180619 |