CN106386370B - Southern area cherry rain shelter cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a rain-proof cultivation method for Chinese cherries in the southern region, which comprises the following steps: 1) planting seedlings; 2) setting up a rain shelter; 3) rain shelter time: 31) tree body rain shelter: 5 to 10 days before flowering The plants should be protected from the rain, and the top cover film work should be completed 5 days before flowering, and the tree body should be protected from rain. After the fruit is picked, the cover film should be removed until September; Lay silver reflective film on the ground. If there is no drip irrigation system, keep the 50cm area around the tree tray without covering it. If there is a drip irrigation system, it will be fully covered. After the fruit is harvested, remove the rain-proof film on the ground if there is no drip irrigation system. If there is a drip irrigation system, do not remove the film. ; 4) Moisture management after sheltering from the rain. The present invention adopts rain-shelter cultivation, and sheltering trees from rain before and after flowering can fully pollinate when encountering rain in the flowering stage, and promote fruit setting, and sheltering trees from rain during the growing period can reduce the occurrence of diseases; taking shelter from rain on the ground before and after fruit ripens can Effectively prevent fruit cracking when it rains during the ripening period, and improve yield and quality.

Description

Cultivation Method of Chinese Cherry in the South Area to Avoid Rain

technical field

The invention relates to a method for cultivating cherries, in particular to a method for cultivating Chinese cherries sheltered from rain in southern regions.

Background technique

Chinese cherries generally bloom in February in southern China and mature in April to May. Due to early flowering, there are often late spring cold or continuous rain during the flowering period, which affects pollination and fruit setting, resulting in low yield; in the fruit ripening period (April to May), it is the end of spring and early summer, and it is also the first rainy season in the south. It often occurs that the cherries continue to rain during the ripening period, which will cause fruit cracking, and the fruit will lose its commercial value, and in severe cases, even the grains will not be harvested.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and provide a rain-proof cultivation method for Chinese cherries in the southern region. The purpose is to avoid fruit drop caused by cloudy rain in the flowering period and fruit cracking caused by continuous rain in the ripening period.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a method for cultivating Chinese cherry from the rain in the southern region, which is characterized in that it comprises the steps:

1) Seedling planting;

2) Set up rain shelters;

3) Rain shelter time:

31) Tree shelter from rain

5 to 10 days before flowering, set up a rain shelter at the plant, complete the top film covering work 5 days before flowering, and take shelter from the rain on the tree body, and remove the tree body covering film until September after fruit picking;

32) Ground shelter from rain

When the fruit starts to color, the ground should be protected from rain, and the ground should be covered with silver reflective film. If there is a drip irrigation system, the ground will be fully covered. If there is no drip irrigation system, except for the 50cm area around the plant tray, the rest of the ground and drainage ditches will be fully covered, and external rainwater will be controlled. After entering the drainage ditch, after the fruit is harvested, do not remove the rain-proof film on the ground when there is a drip irrigation system, and remove the rain-proof film on the ground when there is no drip irrigation system;

4) Moisture management after shelter from rain

When the ground is sheltered from rain, the irrigation method is as follows: (a) when the leaves of the plants are found to be wilting at noon, they should be watered appropriately in the evening, and the amount of water should be based on the amount of water so that the leaves of the plants can return to normal by the evening of the next day; or, (b) When the water holding capacity of the soil is lower than 50% of the maximum water holding capacity, it should be watered. Watering should be carried out in the evening or in the morning. ; During the ripening and harvesting period of the fruit, maintain appropriate drought to improve the quality and storage and transportation resistance of the fruit. In the evening, the leaves can return to normal without irrigation. allow.

As preferably: step 1) nursery stock planting adopts following mode:

The establishment of the rain shelter is combined with the planting density of seedlings. The planting density of seedlings is 4m×2m, that is, the row spacing is 4m, and the plant spacing is 2m. The soil of the ditch is placed in the middle of the box surface, so that the box surface is curved, and then a planting hole is dug at a distance of 2m in the center of the box surface. Or pig manure, combined with the application of phosphate fertilizer, apply 2000kg of decomposed chicken manure and 100kg of superphosphate per 667m2, after backfilling the soil, wait ¹² to 20 days before planting seedlings, choose strong seedlings with a height of more than 60cm and a ground diameter of more than 1cm for colonization .

As preferably: step 2) setting up rain shelter adopts the following methods:

The rain shelter is not set up in the first year of seedling planting, and the rain shelter is set up after the seedlings are planted in the second year of fruit bearing. The rain shelter is set up along the line. The rain shelter includes several cross-shaped brackets. The column is galvanized steel pipe, the cross arm, top curved beam and top support beam are galvanized steel pipe. The cross arm is set on the upper part of the column and arranged along the width direction. Arrangement, the top support beam is set on the top of the column, and arranged along the length direction, a number of bamboo support beams are set on the top support beam, and a plastic steel wire is set on both sides of the bracket to fix the bamboo and cooperate with the bamboo clip to fix the rain membrane.

As preferred: the Chinese cherry varieties are Wupi Cherry, Hongfei Cherry or Nanzaohong Cherry.

As preferred: nursery stock cultivation:

Choose mountain cherry or sharp-billed red cherry among Chinese cherries as the rootstock. Seed slits are used to sow and cultivate rootstock seedlings in November of the year of seedling cultivation. Grafting is carried out on the rootstock in December of the second year of seedling cultivation, and then covered with a small shed. In March of the third year of cultivation, the arch shed is removed to allow the seedlings to grow naturally, but the control of diseases and insect pests should be strengthened, and the seedlings should be transplanted at the end of December of the third year of seedling cultivation or in January of the fourth year of seedling cultivation.

As preferred: Shaping:

Use small crowns and thin layers to pruning. In the early spring of the first year of seedling planting, leave 60cm short cuts for the seedlings to dry, erase the lower 30cm buds, and keep all the upper 30cm buds as a plastic belt;

After the new shoots grow out, select 4 branches that are evenly distributed as the main branches of the first layer, and pick the heart at 20-30cm to promote branching, and then pick the heart to promote branching when the branch is 20cm;

Set up pillars on the top tip to make it grow upright and cultivate it into a central trunk; adjust the branch angle by supporting or pulling the more upright main branch so that it forms an angle of 70 degrees with the central trunk. In the early spring of the second year, 60 cm short cuts are left on the central stem, and after the new shoots grow, three shoots that are evenly distributed and intersected with the main branches of the first layer are selected to be cultivated into the main branches of the second layer, and processed according to the method of the previous year. At the same time, adjust the branch angle so that it forms an angle of 70 degrees with the central trunk, and straighten the central trunk; in the early spring of the third year when the seedlings are planted, leave a short cut of 60 cm to the central trunk, and select two branches that are more symmetrical and aligned with the main trunk of the lower layer. The branch tips that grow in dislocation are cultivated into the main branches of the third layer; the central trunk grows upright, and the central trunk is cut off in the early spring of the fourth year, and the shaping is completed.

As preferred: Trim:

In the first to third year of seedling planting, in addition to plastic surgery, pruning should be done lightly. During the growing season, that is, from April to July, the heart should be picked more to promote short branches and promote flower bud differentiation;

When pruning in winter, properly thin out the over-dense branches, leave more medium and short branches, and leave 20-30cm short cuts for long branches to promote branching;

After the third year of planting the seedlings, due to the increase in the amount of flowers, part of the middle and long branches should be cut short and heavy during winter pruning to promote the growth of vegetative branches. Ventilation and light transmission belt.

As preferred: fertilization:

Fertilization method in the first year of seedling planting: adopt the principle of thin application and frequent application, apply the first fertilizer after germination in early spring, mainly urea, combined with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and apply with clear water, the ratio is water: urea: potassium dihydrogen phosphate = 200:1:1, apply 2kg per plant, once every 10 days, with the increase of the crown, the amount of fertilizer should be increased appropriately, until June, it can be increased to 5kg of the prepared fertilizer and water, and stop using in late July In the same year, some flower buds can be formed. Apply basal fertilizer once in the first ten days of September. Dig symmetrical furrows at both ends of the tree to fertilize. , superphosphate 0.5kg, and conduct a whole garden cultivating in winter;

Fertilization method in the second year of seedling planting: the second year of seedling planting can be fertilized 3 times throughout the year, and the first time is applied at the end of January before germination in early spring, using decomposed chicken manure combined with urea and potassium sulfate to open the ditch and apply per mu Decomposed chicken manure water 1000kg, urea 40kg, potassium sulfate 20kg, the second time after picking fruit at the end of April and early May, apply post-harvest fertilizer, mainly urea, add water to flush, can be combined with watering, and can also be drip irrigation Apply 20kg of urea per mu, add water for flushing; apply base fertilizer for the third time in early and mid-September, mainly organic fertilizer, combined with phosphorus fertilizer, the method is the same as the base fertilizer method in the first year, but the amount of fertilizer should be increased , apply 3000kg of decomposed pig and chicken manure water per mu, 150kg of superphosphate, and carry out inter-cultivation of the whole garden once in winter;

Fertilization method in the third year of seedling planting: the method and time of fertilization in the third year of seedling planting are the same as those in the second year of seedling planting, but the amount of fertilizer should be increased, and the amount of potassium fertilizer should be increased. For the first time, 50kg of urea and potassium sulfate should be applied per mu at the end of January. 40kg, 1500kg of decomposed chicken manure water, pouring or ditching, the second topdressing after fruit picking, 30kg of urea per mu, 10kg of potassium sulfate, combined with watering, and base fertilizer for the third time, per mu 4000kg of decomposed pig and chicken manure water, 150kg of superphosphate, and a whole garden cultivating in winter;

The time and amount of fertilization in subsequent years are the same as those in the third year of seedling planting;

Foliar fertilization and fruit preservation: Spray boron fertilizers during the flowering stage to increase the fruit setting rate, and spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate and amino acid aqueous solution on the leaves when spraying pesticides during the young fruit stage to improve fruit quality.

As a preference: pest control:

Adopt the strategy of prevention first and comprehensive prevention and control. Spray Baume 3-degree lime sulfur mixture to clear the garden in winter, and prevent diseases and insect pests in early spring when they sprout to prevent aphids, small pear borers, perforation diseases, and pay attention to the prevention and treatment of brown rot in the young fruit stage. , Anthrax.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention adopts rain-shelter cultivation, and successfully solves the problems of fruit drop caused by cloudy rain in the flowering period and fruit cracking caused by continuous rain in the ripening period. Taking shelter from the rain before and after flowering can fully pollinate when it encounters rain during the flowering period, and promote fruit setting. Taking shelter from the rain during the growth period can reduce the occurrence of diseases; Fruit cracking occurs during rain, thereby increasing yield and quality.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of rain-sheltered shed support in the rain-sheltered cultivation method of Chinese cherry in the southern region in the embodiment.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of shaping in the southern region Chinese cherry rain-proof cultivation method in the embodiment.

E ground, 1 drain, 21 columns, 22 cross arms, 23 top support beams, 24 top curved beams, 25 bamboo slice support beams, 26 plastic steel wires.

Detailed ways

1. Variety selection: It is advisable to choose Chinese cherry varieties suitable for the southern region, such as Wupi cherry, Hongfei cherry, and Nanzaohong cherry.

2. Nursery stock cultivation: select mountain cherry or sharp-billed red cherry in Chinese cherry as rootstock, sow seeds in November of that year (November of the first year of seedling cultivation), and carry out seedling cultivation in winter (December) of the second year Graft, and then cover with a small shed. Remove the shed in March of the third year of seedling cultivation to allow the seedlings to grow naturally, but the control of diseases and insect pests should be strengthened. plant.

Three, shelter from the rain

1) Seedling planting and density: The establishment of a rain shelter must be combined with the planting density of seedlings. The planting density of seedlings is 4m×2m, that is, the row spacing is 4m, and the plant spacing is 2m. Before planting seedlings, open a drainage ditch with a depth of 40 cm and a width of 40 cm according to the center of the ditch. The width of the compartment surface is 3.6 m. Colonization hole. The length, width and depth of the planting hole are all 50cm, and decomposed chicken manure or pig manure is pressed into the hole layer by layer, combined with the application of phosphate fertilizer, 2000kg of decomposed chicken manure and 100kg of superphosphate can be applied per mu. After backfilling the soil, wait another 12 to 20 days before planting the seedlings. Select strong seedlings with a height of more than 60 cm and a ground diameter of more than 1 cm for colonization.

2) Set up a rain shelter: the first year of seedling planting may not be provided with a rain shelter, and the rain shelter is only set up before the seedlings bloom in the second year of planting. The rain shelter is set up along the line, using cross-shaped brackets, with one vertical branch every 4m. The main branch (column) of the cross-shaped frame is a galvanized steel pipe with a diameter of 5 cm, and the cross arm, the top curved beam, and the top support beam are galvanized steel pipes with a diameter of 3 cm. The rest of the beams are called bamboo slices, which are used to support the rain shelter membrane. The left and right ends of the support respectively use a plastic steel wire to cooperate with bamboo clips to fix the rain shelter film. This part can refer to the prior art, and other methods can also be used, and the rain shelter film can be fixed.

3) Rain shelter time

31) Tree shelter from rain: 5 to 10 days before flowering, make a rain shelter (skeleton), and complete the top film covering work 5 days before flowering, and shelter the tree body from rain, which can reduce the diseases of tree branches, leaves, and young fruits Etc. Remove the tree covering film from the time of fruit picking to September, and it is better to remove the film later in rainy areas.

32) Rain shelter on the ground: When the fruit starts to change color (coloring), shelter from the rain on the ground. Lay a silver reflective film on the ground, mainly covering the drainage ditch and a distance of 1.5 meters around it, to control other rainwater from infiltrating into the soil. Keep the 50cm range around the tree tray uncovered so as to facilitate watering. If there is a drip irrigation system, it can be fully covered. Using reflective film to protect the ground from rain can prevent rainwater from seeping into the ground in rainy days, reduce soil humidity in rainy days, effectively prevent fruit cracking, increase tree light, improve fruit quality, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and weeds. After the fruit is harvested, remove the rain-proof film on the ground. If there is a drip irrigation system, the film may not be removed.

33) Water management after sheltering from rain: When the ground is sheltering from rain, if the sky is sunny for too long and the soil is dry, it can be irrigated by drip irrigation or micro-spraying to increase the soil moisture appropriately. It should be properly watered. It is best to carry out soil testing frequently with instruments. Water should be watered when the soil water holding capacity is lower than 50% of the maximum water holding capacity. Watering should be carried out in the evening or in the morning. Soil water holding capacity is controlled between 50% and 70% of the maximum water holding capacity. In addition, during the ripening and harvesting period of the fruit, it is advisable to maintain appropriate drought, which can improve the quality and storage and transportation resistance of the fruit. As long as the leaves return to normal in the evening, no irrigation is required.

Fourth, plastic trimming

1. Shaping: Small crowns are used for pruning. In the early spring of the first year when the seedlings are planted, 60cm short cuts are left for the seedlings to dry. The lower 30cm buds are erased, and all the upper 30cm buds are kept as a plastic belt. After the new shoots grow out, select 4 evenly distributed branches as the first layer of main branches (first-level side branches), topping at 20-30cm to promote branching, and topping to promote branching when the branches are 20cm. Set up pillars on the top tip to make it grow upright and cultivate it into a central trunk. For the relatively upright main branch (first-level side branch), the angle of the branch should be adjusted by means of bracing, pulling, etc., so that it forms an angle of about 70 degrees with the central stem. In the early spring of the second year when the seedlings are planted, cut 60cm short cuts from the center trunk. After the new shoots grow, select three shoots that are evenly distributed and intersect with the main branches of the first layer to cultivate the main branches of the second layer. According to the method of the previous year For processing, adjust the branch angle at the same time, so that it forms an angle of about 70 degrees with the central stem, and straighten the central stem. In the early spring of the third year when the seedlings are planted, a 60cm short cut is left on the central trunk, and two branches that are relatively symmetrical and grow in dislocation with the main branches of the lower layer are selected to be cultivated into the main branches of the third layer. The central trunk grows up straight, and the central trunk is cut off in the early spring of the fourth year, and the plastic surgery is completed.

2. Pruning: In the sapling stage (the first to third year of seedling planting), in addition to plastic surgery, pruning should be done lightly. During the growing season (April-July), pick more cores to promote short branches and promote flower bud differentiation. When pruning in winter, properly thin out the dense branches, leave more medium and short branches, and leave 20-30cm short cuts for long branches to promote branching. After the third year after the seedlings are planted, due to the increase in the amount of flowers, part of the medium and long branches (more than 20-30cm in length) should be cut short and heavy during winter pruning to promote the vegetative branches, and the excessively long branches extending between the rows should be properly restored. Shrink, so that there is a 1m ventilated and light-transmitting belt between the rows.

5. Fertilization management

1. Fertilization method in the first year of seedling planting: adopt the principle of thin application and frequent application. Apply the first fertilizer after germination in early spring, mainly urea, combined with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and apply with clear water. Once a day, with the increase of the canopy, the amount of fertilizer should be increased appropriately. By June, it can be increased to 5kg of fertilizer and water, and the fertilizer can be stopped in late July, and some flower buds can be formed in that year. Apply basal fertilizer once in the first ten days of September. Dig symmetrical furrows at both ends of the tree for fertilization. The depth of the furrow is about 50 cm, the length is 100 cm, and the width is 30-40 cm. Carry out a whole garden cultivating in winter.

2. Fertilization method in the second year of seedling planting: Fertilize 3 times throughout the year in the second year of seedling planting. For the first time before germination in early spring (at the end of January), it is applied with decomposed chicken manure combined with urea and potassium sulfate. Mu Shi decomposed chicken manure water 1000kg, urea 40kg, potassium sulfate 20kg. The second time is to apply post-harvest fertilizer after fruit picking at the end of April and early May, mainly urea, and add water for flushing, which can be combined with watering, or drip irrigation can be applied, and about 20kg of urea is applied per mu. The third time is to apply base fertilizer in the first and middle of September, mainly organic fertilizer, combined with phosphorus fertilizer application, the method is the same as the base fertilizer method in the first year of seedling planting, but the amount of fertilizer should be increased, and 3000kg of decomposed pig and chicken manure should be applied per mu , superphosphate 150kg. Carry out a whole garden cultivating in winter.

3. Fertilization method in the third year of seedling planting: the method and time of fertilization in the third year of seedling planting are the same as those in the second year of seedling planting, but the amount of fertilizer should be increased, and the amount of potassium fertilizer should be increased. For the first time (at the end of January), 50kg of urea, 40kg of potassium sulfate, and 1500kg of decomposed chicken manure should be applied per mu, which can be poured or ditched. The second time is to topdress the fertilizer after fruit picking, apply about 30kg of urea per mu, and 10kg of potassium sulfate, combined with watering. For the third basal fertilizer application, 4000 kg of decomposed pig and chicken manure water and 150 kg of superphosphate were applied per mu. In winter, the whole garden is cultivated once. The fertilization time and fertilization amount are the same as the third year of seedling planting in the following years.

4. Foliar fertilization and fruit preservation: Spraying boron fertilizers during the flowering period can increase the fruit setting rate. Combined with foliar spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and amino acid aqueous solution when spraying in the young fruit stage, the fruit quality can be improved.

6. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: adopt the strategy of prevention first and comprehensive prevention and control. Spray Baume 3-degree lime sulfur mixture in winter to clear the garden, and prevent diseases and insect pests in early spring when they sprout.

The above descriptions are only preferred implementations of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned implementations. All technical solutions belonging to the principle of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, some improvements made without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a method for cultivating Chinese cherry from the rain in the south, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: 1) Seedling planting; 2) Set up rain shelters; 3) Rain shelter time: 31) Tree shelter from rain 5 to 10 days before flowering, set up a rain shelter at the plant, complete the top film covering work 5 days before flowering, and take shelter from the rain on the tree body, and remove the tree body covering film until September after fruit picking; 32) Ground shelter from rain When the fruit starts to color, the ground should be protected from rain, and the ground should be covered with silver reflective film. If there is a drip irrigation system, the ground will be fully covered. If there is no drip irrigation system, except for the 50cm area around the plant tray, the rest of the ground and drainage ditches will be fully covered, and external rainwater will be controlled. After entering the drainage ditch, after the fruit is harvested, do not remove the rain-proof film on the ground when there is a drip irrigation system, and remove the rain-proof film on the ground when there is no drip irrigation system; 4) Moisture management after shelter from rain When the ground is sheltered from rain, the irrigation method is as follows: (a) when the leaves of the plants are found to be wilting at noon, they should be watered appropriately in the evening, and the amount of water should be based on the amount of water so that the leaves of the plants can return to normal by the evening of the next day; or, (b) When the water holding capacity of the soil is lower than 50% of the maximum water holding capacity, it should be watered. Watering should be carried out in the evening or in the morning. ; During the ripening and harvesting period of the fruit, maintain appropriate drought to improve the quality and storage and transportation resistance of the fruit. In the evening, the leaves can return to normal without irrigation. allow; Step 1) seedling planting adopts the following methods: The establishment of the rain shelter is combined with the planting density of seedlings. The planting density of seedlings is 4m×2m, that is, the row spacing is 4m, and the plant spacing is 2m. The soil of the ditch is placed in the middle of the box surface, so that the box surface is curved, and then a planting hole is dug at a distance of 2m in the center of the box surface. Or pig manure, combined with the application of phosphate fertilizer, apply 2000kg of decomposed chicken manure and 100kg of superphosphate per 667m2, after backfilling the soil, wait ¹² to 20 days before planting seedlings, choose strong seedlings with a height of more than 60cm and a ground diameter of more than 1cm for colonization ; Step 2) Set up the rain shelter in the following way: The rain shelter is not set up in the first year of seedling planting, and the rain shelter is set up after the seedlings are planted in the second year of fruit bearing. The rain shelter is set up along the line. The rain shelter includes several cross-shaped brackets. The column is galvanized steel pipe, the cross arm, top curved beam and top support beam are galvanized steel pipe. The cross arm is set on the upper part of the column and arranged along the width direction. Arrangement, the top support beam is set on the top of the column, and arranged along the length direction, a number of bamboo support beams are set on the top support beam, and a plastic steel wire is set on both sides of the bracket to fix the bamboo and cooperate with the bamboo clip to fix the rain membrane. 2. the southern region Chinese cherry rain-proof cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the Chinese cherry variety is Wupi cherry, Hongfei or Nanzaohong cherry. 3. the southern region Chinese cherry rain-proof cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: nursery stock cultivation: Choose mountain cherry or sharp-billed red cherry among Chinese cherries as the rootstock. Seed slits are used to sow and cultivate rootstock seedlings in November of the year of seedling cultivation. Grafting is carried out on the rootstock in December of the second year of seedling cultivation, and then covered with a small shed. In March of the third year of cultivation, the arch shed is removed to allow the seedlings to grow naturally, but the control of diseases and insect pests should be strengthened, and the seedlings should be transplanted at the end of December of the third year of seedling cultivation or in January of the fourth year of seedling cultivation. 4. the southern region Chinese cherry rain-proof cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: shaping: Use small crowns and thin layers to pruning. In the early spring of the first year of seedling planting, leave 60cm short cuts for the seedlings to dry, erase the lower 30cm buds, and keep all the upper 30cm buds as a plastic belt; After the new shoots grow out, select 4 branches that are evenly distributed as the main branches of the first layer, and pick the heart at 20-30cm to promote branching, and then pick the heart to promote branching when the branch is 20cm; Set up pillars on the top tip to make it grow upright and cultivate it into a central trunk; adjust the branch angle by supporting or pulling the more upright main branch so that it forms an angle of 70 degrees with the central trunk. In the early spring of the second year, 60 cm short cuts are left on the central stem, and after the new shoots grow, three shoots that are evenly distributed and intersected with the main branches of the first layer are selected to be cultivated into the main branches of the second layer, and processed according to the method of the previous year. At the same time, adjust the branch angle so that it forms an angle of 70 degrees with the central trunk, and straighten the central trunk; in the early spring of the third year when the seedlings are planted, leave a short cut of 60 cm to the central trunk, and select two branches that are more symmetrical and aligned with the main trunk of the lower layer. The branch tips that grow in dislocation are cultivated into the main branches of the third layer; the central trunk grows upright, and the central trunk is cut off in the early spring of the fourth year, and the shaping is completed. 5. the southern region Chinese cherry rain-proof cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: pruning: In the first to third year of seedling planting, in addition to plastic surgery, pruning should be done lightly. During the growing season, that is, from April to July, the heart should be picked more to promote short branches and promote flower bud differentiation; When pruning in winter, properly thin out the over-dense branches, leave more medium and short branches, and leave 20-30cm short cuts for long branches to promote branching; After the third year of planting the seedlings, due to the increase in the amount of flowers, part of the middle and long branches should be cut short and heavy during winter pruning to promote the growth of vegetative branches. Ventilation and light transmission belt. 6. the southern region Chinese cherry rain-proof cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: fertilization: Fertilization method in the first year of seedling planting: adopt the principle of thin application and frequent application, apply the first fertilizer after germination in early spring, mainly urea, combined with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and apply with clear water, the ratio is water: urea: potassium dihydrogen phosphate = 200:1:1, apply 2kg per plant, once every 10 days, with the increase of the crown, the amount of fertilizer should be increased appropriately, until June, it can be increased to 5kg of the prepared fertilizer and water, and stop using in late July In the same year, some flower buds can be formed. Apply basal fertilizer once in the first ten days of September. Dig symmetrical furrows at both ends of the tree to fertilize. , superphosphate 0.5kg, and conduct a whole garden cultivating in winter; Fertilization method in the second year of seedling planting: the second year of seedling planting can be fertilized 3 times throughout the year, and the first time is applied at the end of January before germination in early spring, using decomposed chicken manure combined with urea and potassium sulfate to open the ditch and apply per mu Decomposed chicken manure water 1000kg, urea 40kg, potassium sulfate 20kg, the second time after picking fruit at the end of April and early May, apply post-harvest fertilizer, mainly urea, add water to flush, can be combined with watering, and can also be drip irrigation Apply 20kg of urea per mu, add water for flushing; apply base fertilizer for the third time in early and mid-September, mainly organic fertilizer, combined with phosphorus fertilizer, the method is the same as the base fertilizer method in the first year, but the amount of fertilizer should be increased , apply 3000kg of decomposed pig and chicken manure water per mu, 150kg of superphosphate, and carry out inter-cultivation of the whole garden once in winter; Fertilization method in the third year of seedling planting: the method and time of fertilization in the third year of seedling planting are the same as those in the second year of seedling planting, but the amount of fertilizer should be increased, and the amount of potassium fertilizer should be increased. For the first time, 50kg of urea and potassium sulfate should be applied per mu at the end of January. 40kg, 1500kg of decomposed chicken manure water, pouring or ditching, the second topdressing after fruit picking, 30kg of urea per mu, 10kg of potassium sulfate, combined with watering, and base fertilizer for the third time, per mu 4000kg of decomposed pig and chicken manure water, 150kg of superphosphate, and a whole garden cultivating in winter; The time and amount of fertilization in subsequent years are the same as those in the third year of seedling planting; Foliar fertilization and fruit preservation: Spray boron fertilizers during the flowering stage to increase the fruit setting rate, and spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate and amino acid aqueous solution on the leaves when spraying pesticides during the young fruit stage to improve fruit quality. 7. the southern region Chinese cherry rain-proof cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: pest control: Adopt the strategy of prevention first and comprehensive prevention and control. Spray Baume 3-degree lime sulfur mixture to clear the garden in winter, and prevent diseases and insect pests in early spring when they sprout to prevent aphids, small pear borers, perforation diseases, and pay attention to the prevention and treatment of brown rot in the young fruit stage. , Anthrax.