CN105493860A - Hillside phased rain-shelter-cultivation method of vine crops - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a hillside phased rain-shelter-cultivation method of vine crops, which comprises steps: (1) furrows or pits are ditched on hillsides according to contour lines to plant the vine crops, weeds, branches or leaves are filled on the surfaces of the furrows or the pits, and an oblique cultivation frame is built along an oblique slope; (2) a rain-shelter film is covered on the cultivation frame before the vine crops bloom, and is directly attached on the branches and the leaves of the vine crops; (3) the covered rain-shelter film is taken down from the cultivation frame before fruit crops are harvested. The hillside phased rain-shelter-cultivation method of the vine crops improves yield of crops 10%-20%, and reduces usage of pesticide above 30%. The hillside phased rain-shelter-cultivation method of the vine crops reduces materials and manpower for building a tunnel frame above 50% by covering the rain-shelter film during the cultivation process. The hillside phased rain-shelter-cultivation method of the vine crops improves use time of the rain-shelter film above two times. The hillside phased rain-shelter-cultivation method of the vine crops prevents the rain-shelter film from being directly scoured to cause water and soil to loss by filling the branches, the leaves or the weeds in planting furrows or pits, and reduces the weeds between crops above 50%. The hillside phased rain-shelter-cultivation method of the vine crops obviously improves soil cultivation environment, overcomes soil salinization, and reduces fertilizer rate above 10%. The hillside phased rain-shelter-cultivation method of the vine crops improves space utilization between rows 30%-50%.

Description

The interim rain shelter cultivation method of vine crop hillside

Technical field

The present invention relates to the cultivation field of vine crop, particularly the interim rain shelter cultivation method of vine crop hillside.

Background technology

Rain shelter cultivation is for the purpose of taking shelter from rain, and by a kind of method of covered rearing with plastic film at tree crown top, is method simple, the most practical in facility cultivation.The rain such as downy mildew, anthracnose, gray mold, canker, brown spot pass disease, because blocking of film, tree body does not directly contact with rainwater, cut off the path of pathogen transmission, reduce the possibility that disease occurs, rainwater washing away crop flowers phase floral organ can also be reduced, reduce weed encroachment etc.Therefore while minimizing Pesticide use, reduce disease in rain shelter cultivation process, crop smothering occurs, improve crop pollination ripening rate, thus improve quality and yield.

Vine crop (grape, muskmelon etc.) rain shelter cultivation has become the maximum a kind of facility cultivation of facility cultivation kind area.Rain shelter cultivation normally directly over plant the top of cultivating stand arrange and to take shelter from rain shed, conventional cultivating stand is generally single shed of taking shelter from rain, on column, namely add the shed that a cross bar and arc are formed.Use shed to carry out rain shelter cultivation, the method is usually used in level land cultivating grape, but when level land cultivating grape, the hot gas in canopy is also usually not easy to discharge, and crop is easily burnt.When hillside is cultivated, be unfavorable for building shed, waste space in the ranks, and the cost building shed is higher, management is inconvenient, and maintenance cost is high; Traditionally because of covering of taking shelter from rain continuously, soil can not get moistening of natural precipitation, causes the crop root growth main region soil salinization, and system growth is done in impact, and utilization rate of fertilizer reduces, degradation series of problems under till suitability of soil.

The information being disclosed in this background technology part is only intended to increase the understanding to general background of the present invention, and should not be regarded as admitting or imply in any form that this information structure has been prior art that persons skilled in the art are known.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide the method for the interim rain shelter cultivation of a kind of vine crop hillside, thus overcome when hillside cultivation rattan graminaceous plant needs rain shelter cultivation, and scaffolding management inconvenience, cost is high, waste space in the ranks, the shortcomings such as continuous area of coverage soil environment deterioration.

For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of interim rain shelter cultivation method of vine crop hillside, comprise the following steps:

(1) on hillside by the horizontal ditching of contour or dig bank plantation vine crop, described ditch or bank surface stacking have weeds, branch or leaf, build inclined-plane cultivating stand along slope; Do that owner is climing upwards cultivates bondage along slope, result on master is climing is female climing along horizontal line bondage, every interval, side 0.3m ~ 0.4m cultivation results branch group result mother is climing, on fruit-bearing shoot cluster, each fruit bearing shoot interval 0.2m ~ 0.3m is freely sagging is grown to master, and usual vegetative shoot and fruit bearing shoot ratio are 1 ﹕ 5 ~ 8;

(2), before vine crop is bloomed, cultivating stand covers film of taking shelter from rain, and this film of taking shelter from rain directly is attached on vine crop branches and leaves;

By cultivation management requirement, surely send, pinching, the fertile pre-preventing disease and pest of spray medicine and after supplementing the nutrients, in cultivating stand face so that line-spacing width press by ditch or bank center line canopy face, taking shelter from rain, film longitudinal direction frame face is provided with interval 0.4m ~ 0.8m light leak ventilating duct in the ranks.Transverse strands face is provided with interval 0.1m ~ 0.2m light leak ventilating duct every 4m ~ 5m.Directly be attached on vine crop branches and leaves and cover film of taking shelter from rain; Directly tied up on angle, four, cultivating stand face by film with intersection film pressing rope, central film portion local of taking shelter from rain if desired is tightened.

(3) weeds, branch or leaf is had at the native surface stacking of the below of film edge of taking shelter from rain contour contour cultivation ditch or bank, the rainwater dropped on film down flows out along the film surface tilted, flow in plantation ditch or bank, because ditch or bank surface stacking are coated with weeds, branch or leaf, avoid rainwater directly to wash away earth, avoid causing soil erosion, the rainwater contained in groove slowly infiltrates in earth, can irrigate the root system of crop in plantation ditch or bank and root system in the ranks;

(4) after crop and fruit results, taken off by film from cultivating stand, lucifuge storage of taking shelter from rain is done lower season and is reused; Allow after crop fruit picking and receive more natural lighting rain and dew, promote the nutrition rehabilitation growth after crop fruit picking.

Preferably, in technique scheme, only carry out taking shelter from rain during fruit harvest completes before crop flowers, set up film-pressing line taking shelter from rain on film, this film-pressing line is arranged in a crossed manner; On the longitudinal frame face of film of taking shelter from rain, be provided with interval 0.4m ~ 0.8m light leak ventilating duct in the ranks; Transverse strands face is provided with interval 0.1m ~ 0.2m light leak ventilating duct every 4m ~ 5m.

Preferably, in technique scheme, described vine crop is grape, kiwi fruit, netted melon Momordica grosvenori.

A cultivation method for downy grape, this cultivation method mainly comprises the following steps:

(1) on hillside by the horizontal ditching of contour or dig bank plantation downy grape, described ditch or bank surface stacking have weeds, branch or leaf, build inclined-plane cultivating stand along slope;

(2), before downy grape is bloomed, cultivating stand covers film of taking shelter from rain, and this film of taking shelter from rain directly is attached on branches and leaves;

(3), after downy grape fruit harvest, film is taken off from cultivating stand.

Preferably, in technique scheme, the cultivation method of downy grape, comprises the following steps:

(1) along hillside contour excavation plantation ditch or bank, plant hermaphrodite flower downy grape, build cultivating stand along slope with the center of ditch or bank, a healthy and strong tip of selecting and remain after the growth of downy grape seedling young sprout is uprightly cultivated to draw as trunk and is tied up on cultivating stand face; Branch group is cultivated by high posture of hanging down, do that owner is climing upwards cultivates bondage along slope, result on master is climing is female climing along horizontal line bondage, every interval, side 0.3m ~ 0.4m cultivation results branch group result mother is climing, and on fruit-bearing shoot cluster, each fruit bearing shoot interval 0.2m ~ 0.3m is freely sagging is grown to master;

(2) before downy grape is bloomed, after carrying out pruning management, rich water quality management, the fertile pre-preventing disease and pest of spray medicine and extra-nutrition, the grape branches and leaves of cultivating stand cover film of taking shelter from rain, and this film of taking shelter from rain directly is attached on grape branches and leaves;

(3) in the plantation ditch of the lower edge of film or the surface of bank, be filled with branch, leaf or weeds, between film, be provided with vent passages;

(4) after downy grape results, film is taken off concentrated lucifuge from cultivating stand and to take shelter from rain preservation.

Preferably, in technique scheme, described pruning management comprises:

(1) bud picking, determine the tip, the rudiment on annual bearing basal shoot, strong main bud of selecting and remain, erases all accessory buds; For many years breeder mother climing on rudiment, except for upgrade and short covering except, erase without exception; Determine 10 ~ 15, the tip for every square metre;

(2) pinching in vegetative period, top clipping, draw and tie up, the pinching in 2 ~ 5 days of strong before blooming, prosperous branch, the blade before terminal inflorescence stays leaf by fringe leaf than 1 ﹕ 6; Golden mean of the Confucian school branch, the not pinching of weak branch; Often strong, prosperous branch fruit bearing shoot stays fringe 1 ~ 3 fringe, and weak branch, golden mean of the Confucian school branch stay 1 ~ 2 fringe, and pair sends not pinching; Send into wiping out to overstocked young sprout, pair after bearing fruit, expanding stage is cut once, cuts once before painted; What flat shed frame type also needed to carry out young sprout before blooming manually controls bondage, young sprout spacing 0.15m ~ 0.25m, after gathering, wipes out, overstocked branch, sick branch leaf to recover tree vigo(u)r as early as possible;

(3) winter cuts, and every square metre is stayed bud amount 15 ~ 20.

Preferably, in technique scheme, described soil and fertilizer water management comprises:

(1) management of soil surface; After the soil surface in tree panel can use the chemical herbicide controlling weeds such as cremart, then cover plastic sheeting for farm use; The exterior domain of tree dish, the season of growth manually mows.Cover on the spot and keep certain thickness weeds, play moisturizing of taking precautions against drought and regulate orchard climatic effects.

(2) fertilizer management, annual fertilising 2 times after going into operation, first time uses phosphorus height potassium in high nitrogen grape young fruit expanding stage every mu and contains medium trace element type composite fertilizer 20 ~ 40kg, magnesium sulfate 1 ~ 1.5kg, former covering branch, leaf or weeds are unpluged after rain within the scope of tree dish 2 ~ 3 ㎡, remove the shallow intertillage of fertilise and overburden soil, lime 0.5 ~ 1kg is spread fertilizer over the fields in the every strain of tree panel surface, and tree dish covers branch, leaf or weeds again; Second time mu organic fertilizer 500 ~ 1000kg after gathering, admixes fused calcium magnesium phosphate 20 ~ 40kg, urea 5 ~ 10kg, potash fertilizer 5 ~ 10kg, at tree dish peripheral bond intertillage deep placement 20 ~ 30cm, and rotation deep ploughing position year by year; Can spray foliage fertilizer in conjunction with sick worm prevention with painted early stage before blooming, before going into operation, the treelet phase can increase the number of times that topdresses;

(3) water management, budding period and need keeping the skin wet during convalescence weather Continuous Drought after gathering, in the continuous lower Pluvial, wants draining during soil accumulated water.

Preferably, in technique scheme, the fertile pre-preventing disease and pest of described spray medicine comprises:

(1) in dormancy to the budding period, branch terminal bud dew suede rate 5% ~ 10% time, trunk branches and tendrils and ground spray 45% crystal sulphur mixture, 300 times of liquid;

(2) Germination to Frondescent is to flowering stage, selects 78% section rich 500 times or 10% ZJ0712 5000 times or 70% aliette, 800 times of+50% phoxim 1500 times or 10% Biphenthrin, 3000 times of liquid mixing boron fertilizers to prevent 1 ~ 2 time;

(3) Post flowering is to the maturing stage, sprays 75% tpn 800 times or 1 ﹕ 0.5 ﹕ 200 bordeaux mixture or 50% Tuzet, 800 times of liquid, and rotation uses 2 ~ 3 times;

(4) to the leaf fall period after gathering, 1 ﹕ 0.5 ﹕ 200 bordeaux mixture is sprayed once.

A cultivation method for kiwi fruit, this cultivation method utilizes the interim rain shelter cultivation method of vine crop hillside as claimed in claim 1, and the cultivation method of described kiwi fruit comprises the following steps:

(1) along hillside contour excavation plantation ditch or bank, kiwi fruit is planted with the center of ditch or bank, the allocation ratio of Actinidia strain is 8 ﹕ 1, it plants form is centre 1 row at every 3 row, to plant 1 strain staminiferous plant every 2 strain female plants, build cultivating stand along slope, a tip of selecting and remain after the growth of kiwi fruit seedling young sprout draws to be tied up on up-and-down rod; Cultivate by high posture of hanging down, do that owner is climing upwards cultivates bondage along slope, result on master is climing is female climing along horizontal line bondage, every interval, side 0.35m ~ 0.50m cultivation results branch group result mother is climing, and on fruit-bearing shoot cluster, each fruit bearing shoot interval 0.25m ~ 0.40m is freely sagging is grown to master;

(2) before kiwi fruit is bloomed, after carrying out pruning management, soil and fertilizer water management, the fertile pre-preventing disease and pest of spray medicine and extra-nutrition, the yangtao actinidia branchlet and leaf of cultivating stand covers film of taking shelter from rain; This film of taking shelter from rain directly is attached on yangtao actinidia branchlet and leaf;

(3) have ditch or bank in the lower edge of film, in the surface of ditch or bank, be filled with branch, leaf or weeds, between film, be provided with vent passages;

(4) after kiwi fruit results, film is taken off concentrated lucifuge from cultivating stand and to take shelter from rain preservation.

Preferably, in technique scheme, described pruning management is divided into the winter to cut cutting with the summer, and the winter cuts and adopts cutting back and sparse branching to combine, and long, medium and short branch is pruned and combined; Stay that 3 ~ 8 buds are short to be cut, remove cripetura branch and slim and frahile branch; Summer cuts and carries out several times, and the summer measure of cutting comprises bud picking, except tiller, erase closely to sprout, accessory bud, position bud and the sprout tillers that grows directly from seeds improperly; Sparse branching, namely removes overstocked branch, the very thin branch of interior thorax and cripetura branch; Pinching, more than fruit joint at fruit bearing shoot and stay 7 ~ 8 leaf pinching, vegetative shoot stays 10 ~ 20 leaf pinching;

Described soil and fertilizer water management, fertilising time-division base manure and two classes of topdressing, base manure is based on fertilizer, and every strain fertilizing amount is fertilizer 25 ~ 30kg, cake fertilizer 1.5 ~ 2.0kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 1 ~ 2kg, lime 0.5 ~ 1kg; Topdress based on quick-acting fertilizer, at least apply fertilizer 3 times.

Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:

(1) crop of the method cultivation of the interim rain shelter cultivation of vine crop hillside of the present invention is utilized, its output increased 10% ~ 30%.And bow member material, artificial more than 50% is taken in cover film minimizing in the course of cultivation.Pesticide dosage reduces more than 30%.The access times (life-span) of film improve more than 2 times.Improve space availability ratio 30% ~ 50% in the ranks.

(2) in ditch or bank, fill branch, leaf or weeds, and avoid water and soil loss, crop inter-row weed can be made to reduce more than 50%.

(3) soil cultivation environment significantly improves, and fertilizer amount reduces more than 10%.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is vertical view when utilizing vine crop hillside of the present invention interim rain shelter cultivation method cultivation downy grape.

Fig. 2 is schematic diagram when utilizing vine crop hillside of the present invention interim rain shelter cultivation method cultivation downy grape.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, but is to be understood that protection scope of the present invention not by the restriction of embodiment.

Clearly represent unless otherwise other, otherwise in whole specification and claims, term " comprise " or its conversion as " comprising " or " including " etc. by be understood to include the element of stating or part, and do not get rid of other element or other part.

Embodiment 1

At tor hilly region, northern Guangxi plantation downy grape, the method for the interim rain shelter cultivation of downy grape hillside, comprises the following steps:

(1) along hillside 4m ~ 5m left and right rows apart from excavation contour plantation ditch or bank, subsoil puts the downside of ditch or bank, table soil and show soil in the ranks and put in ditch or in bank, with the center Cultivate administration grape of ditch or bank, seeding row spacing 4 × 4 ~ 5m, variety adoption hermaphrodite flower downy grape.

Bury bar to build along domatic cultivation frame: posture specification is: frame identity distance ground level 1.8 ~ 2.2m, flat canopy column can use concrete column, rod, bamboo bar or stone material to make, and in order to reduce costs, also can use by mix and match, post distance 3 ~ 6m, longitudinal bus and garden surrounding multiply steel strand wires or 8 ^#iron wire or solid bamboo bar straight line are installed and are connected, laterally with 8 ~ 12 ^#iron wire or the collocation of bamboo bar are installed and are connected, frame face wire rod (10 ~ 14 ^#iron wire or mould rope or bamboo wood wait material) bundle be linked to be the square loading end of 0.5 ~ 1.0 ㎡;

Bury bar to build along the vertical frame of domatic cultivation height: posture specification is: frame identity distance ground level 1.8 ~ 2.2m, column can use concrete column, rod, bamboo bar or stone material to make, and in order to reduce costs, also can use by mix and match, post distance 3 ~ 6m, longitudinal bus and garden surrounding multiply steel strand wires or 8 ^#iron wire or solid bamboo bar straight line are installed and are connected, laterally with 8 ~ 12 ^#iron wire or the collocation of bamboo bar are installed and are connected, frame face wire rod (10 ~ 14 ^#iron wire or mould rope or bamboo wood waits material) bundle is linked to be the long limit of transverse horizontal, 2.0m ~ 3.0m × clump is to the square loading end of minor face 1.5m ~ 2.0m.

A healthy and strong tip of selecting and remain after the growth of grape seedlings young sprout draws to be tied up on up-and-down rod, cultivates as trunk, when young sprout growth exceedes lifting-line, by pinching without offspring for its top; The sublateral shoot selected and remain below pinching mouth climingly to be cultivated along lifting-line direction as main, takes the film position covering and take shelter from rain in advance into consideration, cultivates short-and-medium tip branch group in main climing every side by breediness, and the mutual spacing of branch group is 30 ~ 50cm; Rudiment in branch group is cultivated as fruit bearing shoot or vegetative shoot by breediness, each short-and-medium tip branch group reservation 2 ~ 4 young sprouts; In short-and-medium tip branch group, all fruit bearing shoot and vegetative shoot need not manually bondages, need not cultivate vegetative shoot and preparation branch specially, using fruit bearing shoot then as the bearing basal shoot of next year.Under the impact of fruit gravity, fruit bearing shoot naturally droops, and decreases young sprout and grows the situation of mutually shading.

(2) at early and middle ten days in May, before downy grape is bloomed, by cultivation management requirement, surely to send, after pinching, the fertile pre-preventing disease and pest of spray medicine supplement the nutrients, at cultivating stand so that ditch or bank center line canopy face to be directly attached to by 3m ~ 4m frame face width film grape branches and leaves covering and takes shelter from rain;

Shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, grape branches and leaves are covering white at cultivating stand 1 to take shelter from rain film 4 so that ditch or bank 2 center line canopy face 3 to be directly attached to by 3m-4m frame face width, on white takes shelter from rain film 4, erection is pressed with the film-pressing line 5 of intersection, and this film-pressing line 5 can prevent turning over white due to large wind and to take shelter from rain film.

Prune management:

Bud picking, the rudiment determined on the annual bearing basal shoot of tip method, strong main bud of selecting and remain, erases all accessory buds; For many years breeder mother climing on rudiment, except for upgrade and short covering except, erase without exception; Determine 10 ~ 15, the tip for every square metre.

Pinching in vegetative period, top clipping, draw and tie up, before blooming, pinching in 3 ~ 5 days is the important measures of flower and fruit protecting, the pinching in 2 ~ 5 days of strong before blooming, prosperous branch, and the blade before terminal inflorescence stays leaf by fringe leaf than 1 ﹕ 6; Golden mean of the Confucian school branch, the not pinching of weak branch; Often strong, prosperous branch fruit bearing shoot stays fringe 1 ~ 3 fringe, and weak branch, golden mean of the Confucian school branch stay 1 ~ 2 fringe, and pair sends not pinching; Send into wiping out to overstocked young sprout, pair after bearing fruit, expanding stage is cut once, cuts once before painted; What flat shed frame type also needed to carry out young sprout before blooming manually controls bondage, young sprout spacing 0.15m ~ 0.25m, after gathering, wipes out, overstocked branch, sick branch leaf to recover tree vigo(u)r as early as possible;

Winter cuts: usually carry out to early March the middle of the month in unit, every square metre is stayed bud amount 15 ~ 20, female secateurs stays length according to shoot mass, in long (7 ~ 10 bud), (4 ~ 6 bud) short (below 4 buds) combine, frame face overhead director stay, the fruit bearing shoot enriched, clip diameter is at least more than 0.6cm, elongated shoot clip more than diameter 1.0cm.

The management of soil and fertilizer moisture:

The management of soil surface

The soil surface in tree panel should cover plastic sheeting for farm use, Liao Haojian garden, to groove face not intertill and clean tillage, uses the chemical weed controls such as cremart; In the ranks, the season of growth manually mows for the exterior domain of tree dish or trench.Certain thickness weeds can be kept, play moisturizing of taking precautions against drought and regulate orchard climatic effects.

Fertilizer management

Annual fertilising 2 times after going into operation, first time uses phosphorus height potassium in high nitrogen grape young fruit expanding stage every mu and contains medium trace element type composite fertilizer 20 ~ 40kg, magnesium sulfate 1 ~ 1.5kg, former covering branch, leaf or weeds are unpluged after rain within the scope of tree dish 2 ~ 3 ㎡, remove the shallow intertillage of fertilise and overburden soil, lime 0.5 ~ 1kg is spread fertilizer over the fields in the every strain of tree panel surface, and tree dish covers branch, leaf or weeds again; Second time mu organic fertilizer 500 ~ 1000kg after gathering, admixes fused calcium magnesium phosphate 20 ~ 40kg, urea 5 ~ 10kg, potash fertilizer 5 ~ 10kg, at tree dish peripheral bond intertillage deep placement 20 ~ 30cm, and rotation deep ploughing position year by year; Can spray foliage fertilizer in conjunction with sick worm prevention with painted early stage before blooming, before going into operation, the treelet phase can increase the number of times that topdresses, and promotes shaping ahead of time.

Water management

Cover between the covering of tree dish, plant and can reduce dehiscent fruit shedding.Glue important place plantation at soil, notice that draining prevention accumulated water macerates root impact growth plum rains season.Apply fertilizer after fruit picking, if meet the serious Drought in Autumn time, artificial supplementation tree dish moisture with good conditionsi is irrigated, and to adopting rear recovery tree vigo(u)r, the coming year, high yield had remarkable facilitation.

The extermination of disease and insect pest

Downy grape, except slightly weak to resistances such as downy mildew, fruit rot, powdery mildews, shows stronger resistance to (resisting) characteristic of disease to other sick worms.Must take to put prevention first on producing.The prevention measures of each growthdevelopmental stage is as follows:

Dormancy to the rudiment phase of beginning conscientiously carries out garden clearly, and during branch terminal bud dew suede rate 5% ~ 10%, 45% crystal sulphur mixture, 300 times of liquid are sprayed on trunk branches and tendrils and ground.

Select Germination to Frondescent to flowering stage 70% aliette 800 times or 78% section to win 500 times or 10% ZJ0712,5000 times of+50% phoxim 1500 times or 10% Biphenthrin, 3000 times of liquid mixing boron fertilizers to prevent 1 ~ 2 time.

Damage by disease and insect such as the low-toxin farm chemicals such as Post flowering to the maturing stage sprays 1 ﹕ 0.5 ﹕ 200 bordeaux mixture or 75% tpn 800 times or 50% Tuzet, 800 times of liquid, and rotation uses 2 ~ 3 times, adds ant worm woods if desired, dimehypo control leafhopper, clearwing moth etc.

Spray 1 ﹕ 0.5 ﹕ 200 bordeaux mixture once to the leaf fall period after gathering, if by leafhopper migration concentrate cause harm time, available isoprocarb control.

(3) on the center line being in ditch or bank in the lower edge of film, the rainwater blocked flows uniformly in ditch or bank, is filled with branch or leaf, weeds, alleviates the water and soil loss of washing away and causing in described ditch or bank surface; The light leak ventilating duct of the wide left and right of 0.5m ~ 1m is left in the upside of film, and the transverse direction of film leaves the light leak ventilating duct of the wide left and right of 0.1m ~ 0.2m every 3m ~ 4m, avoid strong wind to the damage of film, reduces frame grape branches and leaves and excessively covers;

(4) management that stage is taken shelter from rain the phase (May early and middle ten days ~ September early and middle ten days) is undertaken by grape conventional method.

(5) after early and middle ten days vintage in late August to September, film is taken off concentrated lucifuge from cultivating stand and to take shelter from rain preservation, usually can be used in conjunction 2 ~ 3 times.After fruit picking, grape carries out convalescence normal management.The interim rain shelter cultivation effect of downy grape hillside, as shown in table 1.

Table 1: the interim rain shelter cultivation effect of downy grape hillside

Project	Cover film	Non-cover film (ck)	Than ck ± %
				Output (kg/ mu)	1250.4	835.0	49.7
Management artificial (unit/mu)	360.0	450.0	-20.0
				Fertilizer (unit/mu)	720.0	850.0	-15.3
Agricultural chemicals (unit/mu)	85.0	130.0	-34.6

Embodiment 2

The interim rain shelter cultivation method in tor hilly region, south (North-west Guangxi) kiwi fruit slope, the method comprises the following steps:

(1) along hillside 4m left and right rows apart from excavation contour plantation ditch or bank, subsoil puts the downside of ditch or bank, and table soil and in the ranks table soil are put in ditch or in bank, the inner side 20cm more than lower than ditch center of plantation ditch or bank, after being beneficial to rain, rapid draining, reduces soil moisture; With the center Cultivate administration kiwi fruit of ditch or bank, the allocation ratio of Actinidia strain is 8 ﹕ 1, and it plants form is centre 1 row at every 3 row, to plant 1 strain staminiferous plant every 2 strain female plants.Seeding row spacing 4 × 2m, buries bar and builds along domatic cultivation frame; Posture specification is: frame identity distance ground level 1.8 ~ 2.2m, and flat canopy column can use concrete column, rod, bamboo bar or stone material to make, and in order to reduce costs, also can use by mix and match, post distance 3 ~ 6m, longitudinal bus and garden surrounding multiply steel strand wires or 8 ^#iron wire or solid bamboo bar straight line are installed and are connected, laterally with 8 ~ 12 ^#iron wire or the collocation of bamboo bar are installed and are connected, frame face wire rod (10 ~ 14 ^#iron wire, mould rope, bamboo wood etc. material) prick be linked to be the square loading end of 0.5 ~ 1.0 ㎡;

A healthy and strong tip of selecting and remain after the growth of kiwi fruit seedling young sprout draws to be tied up on up-and-down rod, cultivates as trunk, when young sprout growth exceedes lifting-line, by pinching without offspring for its top; The sublateral shoot selected and remain below pinching mouth climingly to be cultivated along lifting-line direction as main, takes the film position covering and take shelter from rain in advance into consideration, cultivates short-and-medium tip branch group in main climing every side by breediness, and the mutual spacing of branch group is 30 ~ 50cm; Rudiment in branch group is cultivated as fruit bearing shoot or vegetative shoot by breediness, each short-and-medium tip branch group reservation 2 ~ 4 young sprouts; In short-and-medium tip branch group, all fruit bearing shoot and vegetative shoot need not manually bondages, can cultivate vegetative shoot or the reserved long fruit branch fruit bearing shoot as next year in place.Under the impact of fruit gravity, fruit bearing shoot naturally droops, and decreases young sprout and grows the situation of mutually shading.

(2) before kiwi fruit is bloomed, by cultivation management requirement, after carrying out determining the tip, flower thinning, pinching, the fertile pre-preventing disease and pest of spray medicine and extra-nutrition, cover so that ditch or bank center line canopy face to be directly attached on yangtao actinidia branchlet and leaf by 3m frame face width film of taking shelter from rain at cultivating stand;

(3) lower edge of film is on the center line of plantation ditch or bank, and the rainwater blocked flows uniformly in ditch or bank, and unnecessary rainwater is discharged rapidly through the inner side of ditch; Be filled with branch or leaf, weeds in described ditch or bank surface, alleviate the water and soil loss of washing away and causing; The light leak ventilating duct of the wide left and right of 1m is left in the upside of film, avoids strong wind to the damage of film, reduces frame yangtao actinidia branchlet and leaf and excessively covers;

(4) after 9 ~ October kiwi fruit results, film is taken off concentrated lucifuge from cultivating stand and to take shelter from rain preservation, usually can be used in conjunction 2 ~ 3 times.After fruit picking, kiwi fruit carries out convalescence normal management;

(5) management that stage is taken shelter from rain the phase (May early and middle ten days ~ September early and middle ten days) is undertaken by kiwi fruit conventional method.Concrete management is as follows.

Soil management

(1) soil deep tillage slaking; By green manuring, plough deeply and expand cave, the measures such as applying organic manure carry out slaking improvement soil.Children's kiwi fruit tree garden in age, digs the bar ditch of dark, wide each 50cm in conjunction with the annual rotation of basal dressing, year by year to external expansion, until full garden ploughs deeply one time.Adult garden is behind winter clear garden, and full garden ploughs deeply one time, the degree of depth 15 ~ 20cm.Improve the content of organic matter of plough horizon.

(2) in the ranks rationally interplant, tree dish clayed aluminium alloy; Children's kiwi fruit in age in the ranks, rationally cultivate peanut, and can improve ecological condition in garden by cover, improves economic benefit in early stage.In season in dry season autumn in summer, should be specifically noted that tree dish covers, to reduce surface temperature, increase soil moisture, the cover time can be late June before Withdrawal, and thickness is advisable with about 20cm, and material can use green grass, straw, crop straw etc.

(3) rational application of fertilizer; Divide base manure and two classes of topdressing, base manure is based on fertilizer, as compost, cake fertilizer, pig cattle pen excrement etc., the annual time of the year when autumn changes into winter (mid or late October is to mid or late November) applies, every strain fertilizing amount is fertilizer 25 ~ 30kg, cake fertilizer 1.5 ~ 2.0kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 1 ~ 2kg, lime 0.5 ~ 1kg.Topdress based on quick-acting fertilizer, mainly comprise fertile before bud (late Febuary to 3 month at the beginning of), fruit-promoting fertilizer (mid or late May to 6 month at the beginning of) and fruit picking fertilizer (mid-September to 10 month at the beginning of) 3 times, depending on tree vigo(u)r and result status determination fertilizing amount, fertilizer type is advisable with urea and composite fertilizer.

Pruning

(1) shaping; The imperial dry type training type of general employing, be similar to the training type of " high, wide, vertical " in grape shaping, this mode ventilation and penetrating light is good, convenient management, and output is high, generally stays 1 result mother climing every 30 ~ 50cm.

(2) prune; Divide the winter to cut and cut two periods with the summer.It is to adjust tree vigo(u)r that winter cuts, and reasonable Arrangement result mother is climing, and adopt cutting back and sparse branching to combine, long, medium and short branch is pruned and combined.Pruning degree is different because of the difference of kind, branch thickness, generally stays that 3 ~ 8 buds are short to be cut, and removes cripetura branch and slim and frahile branch.It is to improve ventilation and penetrating light condition that summer cuts, and reduces invalid branch, promotes flower bud differentiation, increase yield.Carry out several times between 3 ~ July, the main summer measure of cutting comprise bud picking, except tiller, namely erase closely to sprout, accessory bud, position bud and the sprout tillers that grows directly from seeds improperly; Sparse branching, namely removes overstocked branch, the very thin branch of interior thorax and cripetura branch; Pinching, namely fruit bearing shoot stays 7 ~ 8 leaf pinching more than fruit joint, and vegetative shoot stays 10 ~ 20 leaf pinching depending on its growing way.

The extermination of disease and insect pest

Disease foxiness disease, root rot, canker, gray mold, powdery mildew, root knot nematode disease that rainy region, south kiwi fruit mainly occurs; Insect pest has chafer, scale insect, nocturnal moth class etc.Corresponding comprehensive preventive health measures is taked according to the corresponding growthdevelopmental stage of kiwi fruit and different damage by disease and insect occurrence characteristic.

Ancillary method

(1) honeybee is put in garden; More than two casees strong prosperous bee colonies are raised by feeding and grazing in per hectare garden.

(2) artificial supplementary pollination; Florescence meets weather cloudy and drizzly for days on end, carries out before every morning 10:00, by pollen directly with little writing brush point on pistil stigma.

(3) fruit thinning; Thank spend after start, generally should complete within 20d.Mainly remove malformed fruit, wound fruit, sick wormed fruit, side fruit, fruit branch base portion fruit, fruit spur stays 1 ~ 2 fruit in principle, and medium fruit branch stays 2 ~ 4 fruits, and long fruit branch stays 5 ~ 7 fruits.

(4) application of plant growth regulator; When young sprout vigorous growth starts, the PP333 of spraying 1000 ~ 2000mg/kg, can control to nourish and grow effectively, promotes flower bud differentiation, improves output and increases the hardness of fruit.

The interim rain shelter cultivation effect of kiwi fruit hillside is as shown in table 2.

Table 2: the interim rain shelter cultivation effect of kiwi fruit hillside

Project	Cover film	Non-cover film (ck)	Than ck ± %
				Output (kg/ mu)	1385.0	1230.0	12.6
Management artificial (unit/mu)	560.0	650.0	-13.8
				Fertilizer (unit/mu)	835.0	950.0	-12.1
Agricultural chemicals (unit/mu)	85.0	145.0	-41.4

The aforementioned description to concrete exemplary of the present invention is to illustrate and the object of illustration.These descriptions not want the present invention to be defined as disclosed precise forms, and obviously, according to above-mentioned instruction, can much change and change.The object selected exemplary embodiment and describe is to explain certain principles of the present invention and practical application thereof, thus those skilled in the art can be realized and utilize various different exemplary of the present invention and various different selection and change.Scope of the present invention is intended to limited by claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (10)

1. the interim rain shelter cultivation method of vine crop hillside, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:

(1) on hillside by the horizontal ditching of contour or dig bank plantation vine crop, described ditch or bank surface stacking have weeds, branch or leaf, build inclined-plane cultivating stand along slope;

(2), before vine crop is bloomed, cultivating stand covers film of taking shelter from rain, and this film of taking shelter from rain directly is attached on vine crop branches and leaves;

(3), after crop and fruit results, film is taken off from cultivating stand.

2. the interim rain shelter cultivation method of vine crop hillside according to claim 1, is characterized in that, set up film-pressing line taking shelter from rain on film, this film-pressing line is arranged in a crossed manner; On the upside of the longitudinal frame face of film of taking shelter from rain, be provided with interval 0.4 ~ 0.8m light leak ventilating duct in the ranks, transverse strands face is provided with interval 0.1 ~ 0.2m light leak ventilating duct every 4 ~ 5m.

3. the interim rain shelter cultivation method of vine crop hillside according to claim 1, described vine crop is grape, kiwi fruit, netted melon, Momordica grosvenori.

4. a cultivation method for downy grape, is characterized in that, this cultivation method utilizes the interim rain shelter cultivation method of vine crop hillside as claimed in claim 1.

5. the cultivation method of downy grape according to claim 4, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

(1) along hillside contour excavation plantation ditch or bank, downy grape is planted with the center of ditch or bank, cultivating stand is built along slope, a healthy and strong tip of selecting and remain after the growth of downy grape seedling young sprout is uprightly cultivated to draw as trunk and is tied up on frame face, cultivates main climing, female climing, fruit bearing shoot etc. respectively according to frame face;

(2) before downy grape is bloomed, after carrying out pruning management, rich water quality management, the fertile pre-preventing disease and pest of spray medicine and supplementary foliar nutrition, cultivating stand grape branches and leaves cover film of taking shelter from rain, and this film of taking shelter from rain directly is attached on grape branches and leaves; Four angles are tightened with film-pressing line;

(3) in the surface of ditch or bank, be filled with branch, leaf or weeds, between film, be provided with vent passages;

(4) after vintage, film is taken off concentrated lucifuge from cultivating stand and to take shelter from rain preservation.

6. the cultivation method of downy grape according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described pruning management comprises:

(1) bud picking, determine the tip: the rudiment on annual bearing basal shoot, strong main bud of selecting and remain, erases all accessory buds; For many years breeder mother climing on rudiment, except for upgrade and short covering except, erase without exception; Determine 10 ~ 15, the tip for every square metre;

(2) pinching in vegetative period, top clipping, flower thinning sequence, draw and tie up: pinching in 3 ~ 5 days before blooming, every fruit bearing shoot stays fringe 2 ~ 3 fringe, blade before terminal inflorescence stays leaf by fringe leaf than 1 ﹕ 6, pair sends not pinching, after bearing fruit, overstocked young sprout, pair are sent and wiped out, expanding stage is cut once, cuts once before painted; What flat shed frame type also needed to carry out young sprout before blooming manually controls bondage, young sprout spacing certain distance, after gathering, overstocked branch, sick branch is wiped out, to recover tree vigo(u)r as early as possible;

(3) winter cuts: every square metre is stayed bud amount 15 ~ 20.

7. the cultivation method of downy grape according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described soil and fertilizer water management comprises:

(1) management of soil surface, after the soil surface in tree panel can use the chemical herbicide controlling weeds such as cremart, then covers plastic sheeting for farm use or weeds; In the ranks, the season of growth manually mows for the exterior domain of tree dish or trench.Certain thickness weeds can be kept, play moisturizing of taking precautions against drought and regulate orchard climatic effects.

(2) fertilizer management, annual fertilising 2 times after going into operation, first time uses phosphorus height potassium in high nitrogen grape young fruit expanding stage every mu and, containing medium trace element type composite fertilizer 20 ~ 40kg, spreads fertilizer over the fields shallow intertillage and cover within the scope of tree dish 2 ~ 3 ㎡ after rain; Second time mu organic fertilizer 500 ~ 1000kg after gathering, admix fused calcium magnesium phosphate 20 ~ 40kg, urea 5 ~ 10kg, potash fertilizer 5 ~ 10kg, at tree dish peripheral bond intertillage deep placement 20 ~ 30cm, rotation deep ploughing position year by year, can spray foliage fertilizer in conjunction with sick worm prevention with painted early stage before blooming, before going into operation, the treelet phase can increase the number of times that topdresses;

(3) water management, budding period and keeping the skin wet during convalescence weather arid after gathering, in the continuous lower Pluvial, wants draining during soil accumulated water.

8. the cultivation method of downy grape according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the fertile pre-preventing disease and pest of described spray medicine comprises:

(1) in dormancy to the budding period, branch terminal bud dew suede rate 5% ~ 10% time, trunk branches and tendrils and ground spray 45% crystal sulphur mixture, 300 times of liquid;

(2) Germination to Frondescent is to flowering stage, selects 70% aliette 800 times or 78% section to win 500 times or 10% ZJ0712,5000 times of+50% phoxim 1500 times or 10% Biphenthrin, 3000 times of liquid mixing boron fertilizers and prevents 1 ~ 2 time;

(3) Post flowering is to the maturing stage, and spray 75% tpn 800 times or 1 ﹕ 0.5 ﹕ 200 bordeaux mixture or 10% ZJ0712 5000 times or 50% Tuzet, 800 times of liquid, rotation uses 2 ~ 3 times;

(4) to the leaf fall period after gathering, 1 ﹕ 0.5 ﹕ 200 bordeaux mixture is sprayed once.

9. a cultivation method for kiwi fruit, is characterized in that, this cultivation method utilizes the interim rain shelter cultivation method of vine crop hillside as claimed in claim 1, and the cultivation method of described kiwi fruit comprises the following steps:

(1) along hillside contour excavation plantation ditch or bank, kiwi fruit is planted with the center of ditch or bank, the allocation ratio of Actinidia strain is 8 ﹕ 1, it plants form is centre 1 row at every 3 row, to plant 1 strain staminiferous plant every 2 strain female plants, build cultivating stand along slope, a healthy and strong tip of selecting and remain after the growth of kiwi fruit seedling young sprout is uprightly cultivated to draw as trunk and is tied up on frame face, cultivates main climing, female climing, fruit bearing shoot etc. respectively according to frame face;

(2) before kiwi fruit is bloomed, after carrying out pruning management, soil and fertilizer water management, the fertile pre-preventing disease and pest of spray medicine and extra-nutrition on request, the yangtao actinidia branchlet and leaf of cultivating stand covers film of taking shelter from rain, and this film of taking shelter from rain directly is attached on yangtao actinidia branchlet and leaf;

(3) in the surface of ditch or bank, be filled with branch, leaf or weeds, between film, be provided with vent passages;

(4), after kiwi fruit results, film is taken off concentrated lucifuge from cultivating stand and to take shelter from rain preservation.

10. the cultivation method of kiwi fruit according to claim 9, is characterized in that, described pruning management is divided into the winter to cut cutting with the summer, and the winter cuts and adopts cutting back and sparse branching to combine, and long, medium and short branch is pruned and combined; Stay that 3 ~ 8 buds are short to be cut, remove cripetura branch and slim and frahile branch; Summer cuts and carries out several times, and the summer measure of cutting comprises bud picking, except tiller, erase closely to sprout, accessory bud, position bud and the sprout tillers that grows directly from seeds improperly; Sparse branching, namely removes overstocked branch, the very thin branch of interior thorax and cripetura branch; Pinching, more than fruit joint at fruit bearing shoot and stay 7 ~ 8 leaf pinching, vegetative shoot stays 10 ~ 20 leaf pinching;

Described soil and fertilizer water management, fertilising time-division base manure and two classes of topdressing, base manure is based on fertilizer, and every strain fertilizing amount is fertilizer 25 ~ 30kg, cake fertilizer 1.5 ~ 2.0kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 1 ~ 2kg, lime 0.5 ~ 1kg; Topdress based on quick-acting fertilizer, at least apply fertilizer 3 times.