CN104285754A

CN104285754A - Shatian pumelo sapling planting method

Info

Publication number: CN104285754A
Application number: CN201410574743.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 莫超婵
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2014-10-25
Filing date: 2014-10-25
Publication date: 2015-01-21

Abstract

The invention discloses a Shatian pumelo sapling planting method. The method is characterized by including (1) sapling breeding, namely adopting a verjuiced grapefruit or fructus aurantii root stock, sowing in January, grafting in August to September, cutting off leaves after scion, wrapping with a film, grafting right after collecting, removing rootstock buds before the first tip is mature, and unbundling and gaining after the second tip is mature; (2) sapling management, namely selecting robust saplings with flourishing rout systems and multiple fibrous roots, and selecting and converting a slope with red soil and gravel soil and with the gradient of 30 degrees into the terraced field as an orchard; (3) planting, namely planting 25 saplings per mu; (4) hole expansion, deep plowing and soil improvement, namely digging a groove with the depth of 60cm and width of 50cm along the crown edge, and arranging a drainage port to the groove. The method has the advantages that blooming and fruiting are promoted, flower bud differentiation is promoted, saplings grow fast, and the method is simple and easy to operate.

Description

A kind of treelet implantation methods of shatian pomelo

Technical field

The invention belongs to industry of planting forest or fruit tress field, especially a kind of treelet implantation methods of shatian pomelo.

background technologyshatian pomelo fruit matter is delicious, and pulp is rich in abundant nutrition, and pericarp can be processed into shaddock sugar, and tool is relieving cough and reducing sputum, puies forward gas body-building function.But Cultivate administration technology is a very dark knowledge, particularly shatian pomelo seedling culture technique is the guarantee of having a good harvest.Because shatian pomelo is from cultivation stock, to grafting, transplanting needs a very long process, and good harvest will have good technology, and accordingly, the present inventor uses and is engaged in this implantation methods of cultivation shatian pomelo working invention for many years.

summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of from cultivation stock, to grafting, field planting, trunk shaping, educate the technical method of tree, treelet fast-growing is long soon, tree-like good, the treelet implantation methods of a kind of shatian pomelo that short flower has broken up.

Technical solution of the present invention is such: a kind of treelet implantation methods of shatian pomelo, it is characterized in that its process method:

1) seedling-wood breeding: adopt sour teak kind to cultivate stock, January is sowed, and broadcasts 2-3 ten thousand seeds for every mu, grafting is carried out to 8-September, scion will adopt branch from switch kind elite stand, is used as the elite stand of scion, and female branch chooses tree of the middle prime of life, blade is cut off after scion, wrap with film, with adopting with connecing, stock bud of erasing in time before taking out a tip and be aging, the aging rear solution of second tip ties up out garden

2) treelet management: seedling: nursery stock should be healthy and strong seedling, well developed root system, and fibrous root is many, field is selected: select soil layer fertile, the laterite that adaptability is good, grit soil, and the gradient opens terraced fields below 30 degree to hillside be orchard, orchard water, electricity, Lu Tong,

3) field planting: tree bank: specification length and width, be deeply: 1 × 1 meter × 0.8 meter, add pig cow dung 50 kilograms in bank, each 1 kilogram of phosphate fertilizer, lime, the tree dish seedling in 30 centimetres above ground level of bank face, mu tree planting strain 25 strain, when planting, the sour teak of planned kind 10% is as pollinizers

4) apply fertilizer: field planting 1-2 treelet, it is main for executing instant nitrogenousfertilizer, a small amount of farmyard manure and 4% urea, monthly execute once, the treelet of more than 3 years, execute nitrogen every year, phosphorus, potash fertilizer Fertilizers 4 times, 5) expand cave and plough deeply improvement soil: plant rear Second Year and plough deeply and loosen the soil, tree crown edge digs dark 60 centimetres, wide 40-50 centimetre of bar ditch, discharge farmyard manure, progressively increase 1.5 kilograms of fused calcium magnesium phosphate and put 0.5 kilogram of lime every year, ditching should have discharge outlet, 6) cultivation of surely dry shaping and tree crown: 1. treelet has been taken out four tips and surely does after planting, First Year cuts top in trunk height 35-40 centimeters, top is reserved 2-3 branch and is made base portion major branch, 15-20 centimetre of spacing is had between each major branch, on major branch, stay 2-3 side shoot as the second layer year by year, set childhood and can put 3-4 tips in, the cultivation of tree crown, treelet takes to draw Zhi Dinggan,

7) prevention and elimination of disease and pests: add the extraordinarily lime sulfur 0.5 11 Baume degrees sprinkling of 25% dimehypo 600-800 with 200 times of carbendazols, 8) urge to spend neat not bearing-age tree: 1. growth regulator rises from early September, every 20 days spray 15% paclobutrazols, 200 times of liquid, 2. girdling, in 10 ~ November, the base portion between major branch and side shoot is apart from branch 10 centimetres, girdling 1-2 encloses, 3. the rational application of fertilizer, suitably controls water, sprays 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2 time.

Stalwartness, tree crown is large, and it is many that inner canopy leaves effect branch, tree vigo(u)r equilibrium, and shady bud young sprout growth is fast, and trunk is made a distinction between the important and the lesser one, and young sprout is healthy and strong, and vitality is strong.

Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is: treelet well developed root system, and tree crown development is fast large, and tree vigo(u)r is strengthened, and short flower bud differentiation, sapling fast-growing is long soon.

Embodiment

Describe below and implement specific embodiment of the invention method

One, seedling-wood breeding: adopt sour shaddock or Fructus Aurantii wood to cultivate stock, in sowing by the end of January then, select easy irrigation and drainage, fertile plot, by 20 × 15 centimetres of specifications, broadcast 2-2.5 ten thousand for every mu acid shaddock or Fructus Aurantii cultivating seeds stock to 8-September can carry out grafting.Scion will adopt branch from switch kind elite stand, be used as the elite stand of scion, select strong, high yield, good, the anosis worm of quality the middle prime of life (more than 8 years) tree, get that branch has stopped extending, how dark green leaf is, bud is luxuriant greatly, do not tell leaf, the branch of exposure on the sunny side, after first connecting fringe, cut off blade, wrap with plastic film, preferably with adopting with connecing.To erase in time before taking out a tip and be aging stock bud.Solution garden can be tied up out after second tip is aging.Two, treelet management: be chosen as basis from nursery stock and soil condition, start just should set up powerful root system to field planting, rapid expansion tree crown, cultivate healthy and strong tree vigo(u)r, after reaching certain amount of growth, carry out short flower bud differentiation in time, implement strong flower and fruit measure, just can reach fast-growing long soon, early fruiting and high yield.1, seedling: nursery stock must with sour shaddock seed or Fructus Aurantii cultivating seeds as stock, and well developed root system, fibrous root are many, and without the healthy and strong seedling of damage by disease and insect.2, the selection in field: 1. soil is deep fertile, the red soil of good air permeability, grit soil, gradient permeability below 30 degree opens terraced fields as orchard in the hillside to the south or southeast preferably.Local sunlight is westwards fierce, and the sunshine time is long, easy drought, and shaddock fruit easily sunscald occurs, so be unfit to do the field of shatian pomelo.

2. (water, road, electricity) threeway is accomplished in orchard, is convenient to strengthen management.3, field planting: 1. dig bank specification long × wide × be 1 × 1 meter × 0.8-1 rice deeply.Bank bankets after being exposed to the sun an of week, and combines point to be laminated into the 25-50 kilogram such as farmyard manure pig cattle pen excrement that become thoroughly decomposed, each 1 kilogram of phosphate fertilizer, lime during earth backing.2. after base manure and soil stir well even discharging, set up the tree dish of 30 centimetres above ground level in bank face, in the middle of tree dish, carry out shallow sowing seedling, be beneficial to root growth, promote that treelet fast-growing is long soon.3. ventilation and penetrating light is better, and can plant closeer, mu plants 30-40 strains, in flakes level land, should plant thin point, about mu plants 25 strains.Kind time should notice that root system can not contact fertilizer, earth backing should compacting a little, tree dish should litter covering, drench sufficient normal root water, carry out moisturizing of taking precautions against drought.Because shatian pomelo self-pollination is good less than cross pollination.For improving fruiting rate, increase shaddock fruit output, want the sour teak of planned kind about 10% as pollinizers when planting, sour teak will be evenly distributed in shaddock garden.

4, apply fertilizer: rich water quality management.Field planting 1-2 treelet, based on instant nitrogenousfertilizer, executes the farmers''s liquid dung that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and often carry on a shoulder pole liquid dung and add 3-4 kilograms of urea, vegetative period monthly executes once, each amount of application should less, should be light.Critical fertilising has 3 times, and the 1st time when growing 2-3 sheet young leaves and starting to proceed to bottle green; 2nd time in late July; 3rd time in late September.The treelet of more than 3 years, requires that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are with the use of, annual fertilising more than 4 times.5, expand cave and plough deeply improvement soil: after planting the autumn and winter young sprout of Second Year aging after carry out ploughing deeply improving the soil, to require that after planting 3-4 Nian Neiquan gardens are ploughed deeply completely to improve the soil object to reach getting fat, create the condition that root growth is good, dig dark 60 centimetre at tree crown edge simultaneously, wide 40-50 centimetre of bar ditch, discharge well-rotted farmyard manure, separately add 1.5 kilograms of fused calcium magnesium phosphate and 0.5 kilogram of lime.Along with the increase of the age of tree and the expansion of tree crown, fertilizer application amount also should increase year by year.Ditching (cave) will have exit, in case rotten of excessive rain ponding.6, the cultivation of surely dry shaping and tree crown: pruning can make to be strengthened (namely promote the bud near clip to sprout or young sprout grows) by the growth potential of beta pruning bar, various method will be correctly used to the trimming and finishing of shatian pomelo, curb the violent and assist the weak, correct short control, make tree vigo(u)r balanced, limb is made a distinction between the important and the lesser one, compact plentiful, branches and leaves are healthy and strong, and it is many that inner canopy leaves effect branch, and flowers and fruits could robust growth.1. treelet has been taken out four tips and will surely do after transplanting, and First Year cuts top in trunk height 35-40 centimeters, inspires young sprout.The 2-3 that selects and remain at top to be evenly distributed direction difference, robust growth branch make base portion major branch, keep 15-20 centimetre of spacing between each major branch, what angle was inadequate can bracing wire shaping, and 2-3 side shoot of later selecting and remain on major branch is year by year as the second layer.Set childhood and can put 3-4 tips in, be i.e. the spring tip (before and after rainwater), summer shoot (before and after Grain Full), autumn growth (after large administration), Winter hardness (Autumnal Equinox in White Dew one).To put before the tip at every turn except using sufficient base manure, be also noted that bud picking control shoot, make a call to zero and stay whole, inspire many, neat, healthy and strong young sprout.2. the cultivation of tree crown.Treelet takes to draw branch in principle, and branch draws to the orientation of growth of having living space, and sets up the bodily form that tree body even primary and secondary shoot growth is orderly.

7, prevention and elimination of disease and pests: available 200 times of carbendazols add 25% dimehypo 600-800 extraordinarily lime sulfur 0.5 11 Baume degrees prevent and treat canker and leaf miner, two spotted spider mite etc.8, to the short flower of of the right age not bearing-age tree: 1. adopt growth regulator.Rise from early September, every 20 days, 15% paclobutrazol 200 times of liquid or flowers and fruits spirit etc. are sprayed to tree crown.2. girdling.In 10 to November, at major branch and the more smooth base portion of side shoot apart from branch 10 cm, girdling 1-2 encloses, and the degree of depth is not hindered xylem just to cut off cortex and is advisable.3. the rational application of fertilizer, suitably controls water, controls nitrogen fertilizer amount, applying organic manure, and each young sprout takes out the phase of sending out, and spray 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2 time, autumn suitably controls moisture supply.

Claims

1. a treelet implantation methods for shatian pomelo, is characterized in that its process method:

2. according to the treelet implantation methods of a kind of shatian pomelo according to claim 1, it is characterized in that stalwartness, tree crown is large, and it is many that inner canopy leaves effect branch, tree vigo(u)r equilibrium, and shady bud young sprout growth is fast, and trunk is made a distinction between the important and the lesser one, and young sprout is healthy and strong, and vitality is strong.