CN106386370A - Rain-sheltering cultivation method of Chinese cherries in southern China - Google Patents
Rain-sheltering cultivation method of Chinese cherries in southern China Download PDFInfo
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- CN106386370A CN106386370A CN201611101010.XA CN201611101010A CN106386370A CN 106386370 A CN106386370 A CN 106386370A CN 201611101010 A CN201611101010 A CN 201611101010A CN 106386370 A CN106386370 A CN 106386370A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rain-sheltering cultivation method of Chinese cherries in southern China. The rain-sheltering cultivation method comprises the following steps: 1) transplanting nursery stocks; (2) erecting a rain-sheltering shed; 3) setting rain-sheltering time: 31) rain sheltering of tree bodies: establishing the rain-sheltering shed for plants 5-10 days before flowering; finishing top film covering work 5 days before flowering; carrying out the rain sheltering of the tree bodies; removing a covering film after fruit harvesting to September; 32) ground rain sheltering: carrying out the ground rain sheltering when fruits have color difference; laying a silver light reflecting film on the ground and keeping a 50cm range around a tree disk uncovered when no drip irrigation system is arranged; wholly covering when a drip irrigation system is arranged; after harvesting fruits, removing a ground rain-sheltering film when no drip irrigation system is arranged, wherein the film is not removed when the drip irrigation system is arranged; and 4) carrying out moisture management after rain sheltering. According to the rain-sheltering cultivation method, rain-sheltering cultivation is adopted and tree body rain sheltering is carried out before and after flowering; sufficient pollination can be carried out in raining days of a flowering period and fruit setting is accelerated; diseases can be reduced when the rain sheltering of the tree bodies is carried out in a growth period; the ground rain sheltering is carried before and after the fruits grow up, and dehiscent fruits can be effectively prevented when the fruits meet the raining days in a mature period; and the yield and the quality are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi cultural method, especially relate to a kind of southern area cherry rain shelter cultivation side
Method.
Background technology
Cherry was typically bloomed at 2 months in southern area, and 4～May is ripe.Due to morning of blooming, often have down in florescence
Cold spell in spring or cloudy weather for several days running, thus affecting to pollinate and bear fruit, cause to yield poorly；In fructescence (4～May), on the occasion of the end of spring and the beginning of summer,
It is also southern first plum rain season, the climatic condition that the Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi period of maturation continuously rains often occurring, thus causing dehiscent fruit, making
Fruit loses commodity value, and even No kernels or seeds are gathered, as in a year of scarcity for severe patient.
Content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is exactly to solve the above problems, and provides a kind of southern area cherry rain shelter cultivation side
Method is it is therefore intended that avoid shedding that florescence wet weather causes and the dehiscent fruit problem that period of maturation cloudy weather for several days running causes.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：A kind of southern area cherry rain shelter cultivation
Method is it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
1) transplanted seedling tree；
2) set up lew；
3) take shelter from rain the time：
31) tree body is taken shelter from rain
Spend setting lew at first 5～10 days plant, spend first 5 days and complete top epiphragma work, carry out tree body and take shelter from rain, fruit picking
Remove tree body coverlay to September part afterwards；
32) take shelter from rain in ground
Fruit starts to carry out ground and take shelter from rain during coloring, and silver reflective membrane is laid on ground, has ground all standing during drip irrigation system,
No drip irrigation system when do not cover except the scope of plant tree disk surrounding 50cm, watered during arid with facilitating, remaining ground and gutter are complete
Cover, and control external rainwater to enter gutter, after fruit harvesting is complete, has during drip irrigation system and do not go to ground to take shelter from rain film, no drip
Remove ground during fill system to take shelter from rain film；
4) moisture management after taking shelter from rain
When taking shelter from rain in ground, irrigation method is：A when noon, () finds that plant leaf is wilted, just should suitably water to evening, pour
The water yield is so that plant can recover normally to be defined to second day dusk blade；Or, (b) is less than maximum water-holding capacity when water capacity
50% when just should water, watering should be at dusk or be carried out in the morning, and irrigation amount is so that water capacity controls in maximum water-holding capacity
50%～70% between be defined；Fruit maturation collection period, suitably arid is kept to improve quality and the storage tolerance of fruit, to be close to
Late blade can recover normally without pouring water, otherwise then can to water, and irrigation amount can recover normal with second day dusk blade of plant
It is defined.
As preferred：Step 1) transplanted seedling tree is in the following way：
Setting up of lew combines with transplanted seedling tree density, and transplanted seedling tree density is 4m × 2m, i.e. line-spacing 4m, spacing in the rows
2m, plants the gutter that before seedling is opened deep 40cm, wide 40cm by ditch heart 4m, railway carriage or compartment face width 3.6m, the soil of ditch is put in the middle of the face of railway carriage or compartment, makes railway carriage or compartment
Face is curved, then digs planting pit at the center in railway carriage or compartment face by the distance of 2m, planting pit length and width, depth are 50cm, layering pressure in cave
Enter the chicken manure becoming thoroughly decomposed or pig manure, in conjunction with applying phosphate fertilizer, every 667m2Apply Chicken dung 2000kg, calcium superphosphate 100kg, backfill
After soil, then etc. 12～20 talentes plant Seedlings, the strong sprout field planting from high more than 60cm, more than ground diameter 1cm.
As preferred：Step 2) set up lew in the following way：
Transplanted seedling tree First Year is not provided with lew, arranges lew after transplanted seedling tree Second Year is born fruit, and lew is suitable
Row is set up, and lew includes some cross brackets, and support direct motion is alongst arranged, the column of support is galvanized steel
Pipe, cross-arm, roof bow, top support beam are coating steel pipe, and cross-arm is arranged on column top, and along width arrangement,
Roof bow is arranged on the top of column, and along width arrangement, top support beam is arranged on column top, and along length
Degree direction arrangement, top support beam arranges some bamboo chip support beams, the both sides of support are respectively provided with a plastics steel wire and are used for
Fixing bamboo chip and the cooperation clamping film of surely taking shelter from rain of bamboo.
As preferred：Cherry kind is black skin Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi, the early red cherry of red prince wife or south.
As preferred：Cultivating seedlings：
Do stock from the Fructus Pruni Tomentosae in cherry or the sharp red cherry of mouth, with seed bar ditch sowed then by November for cultivating seedlings
Cultivate rootstock seedling, cultivating seedlings Second Year December in winter carries out grafting on stock, then covered with Small plastic shed, cultivating seedlings the
In March, 3 removes shed, allows nursery stock naturally to grow, but should strengthen insect pest preventing and controlling, and in by the end of December, the 3rd or train by nursery stock for cultivating seedlings
Educating in January, the 4th carries out nursery stock transplanting.
As preferred：Shaping：
The training of layer shape is dredged using coronule, transplanted seedling tree First Year early spring stays short the cutting of 60cm surely to do to nursery stock, bottom of erasing
The bud of 30cm, retains all buds of top 30cm, makees shaping strip；
After young sprout grows, 4 branches being evenly distributed of selecting and remain make ground floor major branch, carry out pinching in 20～30cm, inspire
Branch, during branch 20cm, pinching inspires branch again；
Top tip is set with a post help directly so as to vertical growth, training Incubation Center does；To more upright major branch support or the side drawn
Method adjusts crotch angle, be allowed to dry with center become 70 degree of angle, in transplanted seedling tree Second Year early spring, dry to center stay 60cm short
Cut, young sprout three branch top being evenly distributed and intersecting with ground floor major branch of selecting and remain after growing are trained second layer major branch, by last year
Method processed, adjust crotch angle simultaneously, be allowed to dry with center become 70 degree of angle, and dry to center help straight；Nursery stock
Plant the 3rd year early spring, dry to center stay that 60cm is short to be cut, two relatively symmetrical and branch top trainings with lower floor's major branch dislocation growth of selecting and remain
Form third layer major branch；Center is dry to help straight growth, and the 4th year early spring wiped out center and do, and shaping completes.
As preferred：Prune：
Transplanted seedling tree first is by the 3rd year, in addition to shaping, preferably light on pruning, and is the many pinching of 4～July in Growing season, promotees
Send out brachyplast, to promote bud differentiation；
Suitably remove overstocked branch during winter pruning, stay middle brachyplast more, long shoot is stayed with 20～30cm is short to be cut, inspire branch；
After transplanted seedling tree the 3rd year, due to flower amount increase, partly middle long shoot to be carried out during winter pruning weight short cut, inspire
Nutrition branch, will suitably bounce back to the long shoot excessively stretching in the ranks, make in the ranks to retain the ventilation and penetrating light band of 1m.
As preferred：Fertilising：
Transplanted seedling tree First Year fertilizing method：The principle applied using Bao Shiqin, applies fertile for the first time, to urinate after early spring germinates
Based on element, in conjunction with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, join clear water and apply, ratio is water: carbamide: potassium dihydrogen phosphate=200: 1: 1, apply 2kg for every plant,
Every 10 days 1 time, with the increase of tree crown, fertilizer application amount suitably increases, and to June, can increase to strain and apply the rich water 5kg preparing, 7 below the moon
Ten days stopping is fertile, then can forming part bud, early September basal dressing once, digs symmetrical bar ditch fertilising at the two ends of tree body,
Ditch depth 50cm, the long 100cm of ditch, furrow width 30～40cm, become thoroughly decomposed pig chicken manure water 30kg, calcium superphosphate 0.5kg are applied in strain, and winter carries out one
Ci Quan garden is intertilled；
Transplanted seedling tree Second Year fertilizing method：The annual fertilising of transplanted seedling tree Second Year 3 times, first is inferior to early spring germination
Front apply by the end of January, with Chicken dung water with reference to carbamide, potassium sulfate trench digging apply, every 667m2Apply Chicken dung water 1000kg,
Carbamide 40kg, potassium sulfate 20kg, second be inferior to by the end of April, apply after fruit picking at the beginning of 5 months adopt after fertilizer, based on carbamide, the punching that adds water is applied, can
Carry out together in conjunction with watering, also can carry out drip irrigation and apply, every 667m2Apply carbamide 20kg, the punching that adds water is applied；Third time in the September, in
Ten days basal dressing, based on fertilizer, apply in conjunction with phosphate fertilizer, method is with First Year base manure method, but fertilizer application amount will increase, often
667m2Apply the pig chicken manure water 3000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, calcium superphosphate 150kg, winter carries out once the intertillage of full garden；
The 3rd year fertilizing method of transplanted seedling tree：The 3rd year fertilizing method of transplanted seedling tree and time and transplanted seedling tree Second Year phase
With but fertilizer application amount will increase, and increases Potassium Fertilizer, for the first time i.e. every 667m by the end of January2Apply carbamide 50kg, potassium sulfate 40kg, become thoroughly decomposed
Chicken manure water 1500kg, pouring applies or ditch applies, and second topdresses once inferior to after fruit picking, every 667m2Apply carbamide 30kg, potassium sulfate
10kg, applies in conjunction with watering, third time basal dressing, every 667m2Apply the pig chicken manure water 4000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, calcium superphosphate 150kg, winter
Intertill to carrying out once full garden；
Fertilization time of each year and dose and transplanted seedling tree the 3rd year are identical later；
Foliage dressing and fruit retention：Florescence spray boron fertilizer, to improve fruit-setting rate, combines during young fruit period dispenser and carries out foliage-spray phosphorus
Acid dihydride potassium, amino acid solution, to improve fruit quality.
As preferred：The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
Using putting prevention first, the strategy of integrated control, winter sprays the clear garden of lime sulfur of 3 degree of Baume, opens during early spring rudiment
Begin prevention disease pest, in case eliminate aphis, oriental fruit months, shothole disease, young fruit period attention control brown rot, anthraenose.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that：The present invention adopts rain shelter cultivation, successfully solves flower
Shedding that phase wet weather causes and the dehiscent fruit problem that period of maturation cloudy weather for several days running causes.Carry out tree body before flowering afterwards to take shelter from rain, can be at the florescence
Meet rain when fully pollinate, promote to bear fruit, trophophase carry out tree body take shelter from rain can reduce disease occur；In the period of maturation in conjunction with carrying out
Take shelter from rain in ground, the generation of dehiscent fruit when can effectively prevent the period of maturation from meeting rain, thus improve the yield and quality.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is lew support schematic diagram in southern area cherry rain shelter cultivation method in embodiment.
Fig. 2 is shaping schematic diagram in southern area cherry rain shelter cultivation method in embodiment.
E ground, 1 gutter, 21 columns, 22 cross-arms, 23 top support beam, 24 roof bow, 25 bamboo chip support beams, 26 mould
Material steel wire.
Specific embodiment
First, Fruit variety：Black skin Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi, red prince wife, south morning red cherry etc. is selected to adapt to the cherry kind of southern area
It is advisable.
2nd, cultivating seedlings：Do stock from the Fructus Pruni Tomentosae in cherry or the sharp red cherry of mouth, (nursery stock is trained in November then
Educate First Year November) to be sowed with seed bar ditch, cultivating seedlings Second Year winter (December) carry out grafting, are then covered with Small plastic shed
Lid, cultivating seedlings in March, the 3rd is removed shed, allows nursery stock naturally to grow, but should strengthen insect pest preventing and controlling, cultivating seedlings the 3rd year
By the end of December or the 4th year January of cultivating seedlings carries out nursery stock transplanting.
3rd, take shelter from rain
1) transplanted seedling tree and density：Setting up of lew must combine with transplanted seedling tree density.Transplanted seedling tree density is
4m × 2m, i.e. line-spacing 4m, spacing in the rows 2m.Plant the gutter that before seedling is opened deep 40cm, wide 40cm by ditch heart 4m, railway carriage or compartment face width 3.6m, ditch
Soil is put in the middle of the face of railway carriage or compartment, makes railway carriage or compartment face curved, then digs planting pit at the center in railway carriage or compartment face by the distance of 2m.Planting pit length and width,
Deeply be 50cm, layering cave in is pressed into the chicken manure becoming thoroughly decomposed or pig manure, in conjunction with applying phosphate fertilizer, can every mu apply Chicken dung
2000kg, calcium superphosphate 100kg.After backfilled with earth, then etc. 12～20 talent plant Seedlings.From high more than 60cm, more than ground diameter 1cm
Strong sprout field planting.
2) set up lew：Transplanted seedling tree First Year can be not provided with lew, just sets before transplanted seedling tree Second Year is bloomed
Put lew.Lew direct motion is set up, and using cross bracket, every 4m founds 1, branch.The major branch post (column) of cross frame is straight
The coating steel pipe of footpath 5cm, cross-arm, roof bow, top support beam are the coating steel pipe of diameter 3cm.Remaining beam is called bamboo chip,
It is used for supporting film of taking shelter from rain.The left and right two ends of support respectively coordinate bamboo to press from both sides to fix thin film of taking shelter from rain with a plastics steel wire, and this part can
With reference to prior art, other modes may also be employed, film of taking shelter from rain can be fixed.
3) take shelter from rain the time
31) tree body is taken shelter from rain：Carry out lew (skeleton) within 5～10 days before spending, spend first 5 days and complete top epiphragma work, enter
Row tree body is taken shelter from rain, and can reduce disease of tree body branch and leaf and young fruit etc., removes tree body coverlay to September part, rainyly after fruit picking
Area's striping is preferably a little later.
32) take shelter from rain in ground：Fruit starts to carry out ground during dyeing (coloring) to take shelter from rain, and lays silver reflective membrane on ground, main
Gutter to be covered and the distance of 1.5 meters of surrounding, control other rainwater to penetrate into soil.The scope of disk surrounding 50cm that leaves tree is not
Lid, in order to pour water, have a drip irrigation system can all standing.Carry out ground with reflective membrane to take shelter from rain, can prevent rainy day rainwater from penetrating into ground
Face, reduces rainy day soil moisture, effectively prevents the generation of dehiscent fruit, and can increase tree body illumination, improves fruit quality, reduces disease
And the generation of crop smothering.Remove ground after fruit harvesting is complete to take shelter from rain film, have a drip irrigation system can not striping.
33) moisture management after taking shelter from rain：When taking shelter from rain in ground, such as become a fine day too long, soil drought, drip irrigation or micro- spray etc. can be passed through
Mode is poured water, and suitably increases soil moisture, and with noon, standard of specifically pouring water finds that blade is wilted, just should suitably water to evening,
As often carried out with instrument, Soil K+adsorption is optimal, just should water when water capacity is less than the 50% of maximum water-holding capacity, water
Should carry out in the dusk or morning, unsuitable too many every time, so that water capacity is controlled between the 50%～70% of maximum water-holding capacity.
In addition, in fruit maturation collection period, preferably keeping suitably arid, quality and the storage tolerance of fruit being improved, as long as dusk blade
Can recover normally can be without pouring water.
4th, pruning
1st, shaping：The training of layer shape is dredged using coronule, transplanted seedling tree First Year early spring is stayed to nursery stock short the cutting of 60cm surely to do, erases
The bud of bottom 30cm, retains all buds of top 30cm, makees shaping strip.After young sprout grows, 4 branches being evenly distributed of selecting and remain make the
One layer of major branch (primary lateral branches), carries out pinching in 20～30cm, inspires branch, during branch 20cm, pinching inspires branch again.Right
Top tip sets pillar and helps directly so as to vertical growth, and training Incubation Center does.To more upright major branch (primary lateral branches) with supportting, drawing
Method adjust crotch angle, be allowed to dry with center become 70 about degree angles.In transplanted seedling tree Second Year early spring, dry to center stay
60cm is short to be cut, and young sprout three branch top being evenly distributed and intersecting with ground floor major branch of selecting and remain after growing are trained second layer major branch,
Processed by the method for last year, simultaneously adjust crotch angle, be allowed to dry with center become 70 about degree angles, and to center do
Help straight.The 3rd year early spring of transplanted seedling tree, dry to center stay that 60cm is short to be cut, select and remain two relatively symmetrical and with lower floor's major branch dislocation growth
Branch top be trained third layer major branch.Center is dry to help straight growth, and the 4th year early spring wiped out center and do, and shaping completes.
2nd, prune：The treelet stage (transplanted seedling tree first to the 3rd year), in addition to shaping, preferably light on pruning, in Growing season
(4～July) many pinching, inspires brachyplast, to promote bud differentiation.Suitably remove overstocked branch during winter pruning, stay middle brachyplast more, right
Long shoot stays that 20～30cm is short to be cut, and inspires branch.After transplanted seedling tree the 3rd year, because flower amount increases, will be to part during winter pruning
Middle long shoot (long 20～more than 30cm) carries out that weight is short to be cut, and inspires nutrition branch, to stretching to crossing long shoot and will suitably bounce back in the ranks, makes row
Between retain 1m ventilation and penetrating light band.
5th, fertilizing management
1st, transplanted seedling tree First Year fertilizing method：The principle applied using Bao Shiqin.Apply fertile for the first time after early spring germinates, with
Based on carbamide, in conjunction with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, join clear water and apply, ratio is, water: carbamide: potassium dihydrogen phosphate=200: 1: 1, apply for every plant
2kg, every 10 days 1 time, with the increase of tree crown, fertilizer application amount suitably increases, and to June, can increase to strain and apply the rich water 5kg preparing, and 7
The last ten-days period moon can stop using fertilizer, then can forming part bud.Early September basal dressing once, digs symmetrical bar at the two ends of tree body
Ditch applies fertilizer, ditch depth 50cm about, long 100cm, wide 30～40cm, the pig chicken manure water 30kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, calcium superphosphate 0.5kg are applied in strain.Winter
Ji Jinhang once full garden intertillage.
2nd, transplanted seedling tree Second Year fertilizing method：The annual fertilising of transplanted seedling tree Second Year 3 times.First sent out inferior to early spring
Apply (by the end of January) before bud, applied with reference to carbamide, potassium sulfate trench digging with Chicken dung water.Every 667m2Apply Chicken dung water
1000kg, carbamide 40kg, potassium sulfate 20kg.Second be inferior to by the end of April, apply after fruit picking at the beginning of 5 months adopt after fertilizer, based on carbamide, add water
Punching is applied, and can carry out together in conjunction with watering, also can carry out drip irrigation and apply, every 667m2Apply carbamide 20kg.Third time in September,
The middle ten days basal dressing, based on fertilizer, applies in conjunction with phosphate fertilizer, and method is with transplanted seedling tree First Year base manure method, but fertilizer application amount will
Increase, every 667m2Apply the pig chicken manure water 3000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, calcium superphosphate 150kg.Winter carries out once the intertillage of full garden.
3rd, the 3rd year fertilizing method of transplanted seedling tree：The 3rd year fertilizing method of transplanted seedling tree and time and transplanted seedling tree Second Year
Identical, but fertilizer application amount will increase, and increases Potassium Fertilizer.(by the end of January) every 667m for the first time2Apply carbamide 50kg, potassium sulfate 40kg, rotten
Ripe chicken manure water 1500kg, can pour applies or ditch applies.Second topdresses once inferior to after fruit picking, every 667m2Apply carbamide 30kg,
Potassium sulfate 10kg, applies in conjunction with watering.Third time basal dressing, every 667m2Apply the pig chicken manure water 4000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, calcium superphosphate
150kg.Winter intertills to carrying out once full garden.Fertilization time of each year and dose and transplanted seedling tree the 3rd year are identical later.
4th, foliage dressing and fruit retention：In florescence spray boron fertilizer etc., fruit-setting rate can be improved.Combine during young fruit period dispenser and carry out blade face
Spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, amino acid solution etc., fruit quality can be improved.
6th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Using putting prevention first, the strategy of integrated control.The lime sulfur that winter sprays 3 degree of Baume is clear
Garden, starts during early spring rudiment to prevent disease pest, mainly anti-eliminate aphis, oriental fruit months, shothole disease, young fruit period attention control brown rot
Disease, anthraenose etc..
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is not limited in above-mentioned embodiment party
Formula, every technical scheme belonging to the principle of the invention belongs to protection scope of the present invention.For those skilled in the art
Speech, some improvement carrying out on the premise of the principle without departing from the present invention, these improvement also should be regarded as the protection model of the present invention
Enclose.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of southern area cherry rain shelter cultivation method is it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
1) transplanted seedling tree；
2) set up lew；
3) take shelter from rain the time：
31) tree body is taken shelter from rain
Spend setting lew at first 5～10 days plant, spend first 5 days and complete top epiphragma work, carry out tree body and take shelter from rain, after fruit picking extremely
September part removes tree body coverlay；
32) take shelter from rain in ground
Fruit starts to carry out ground and take shelter from rain during coloring, and silver reflective membrane is laid on ground, has ground all standing during drip irrigation system, no drips
The scope removing plant tree disk surrounding 50cm during fill system is not covered, and is watered during arid with facilitating, remaining ground and gutter all standing,
And control external rainwater to enter gutter, after fruit harvesting is complete, has during drip irrigation system and do not go to ground to take shelter from rain film, no drip irrigation system
When remove ground and take shelter from rain film；
4) moisture management after taking shelter from rain
When taking shelter from rain in ground, irrigation method is：A when noon, () finds that plant leaf is wilted, just should suitably water to evening, irrigation amount
So that plant can recover normally to be defined to second day dusk blade；Or, (b) is less than maximum water-holding capacity when water capacity
Just should water when 50%, water and should carry out in the dusk or morning, irrigation amount is so that water capacity controls in maximum water-holding capacity
It is defined between 50%～70%；Fruit maturation collection period, keep suitably arid to improve quality and the storage tolerance of fruit, at dusk
Blade can recover normally without pouring water, otherwise then can to water, irrigation amount can be recovered with second day dusk blade of plant be normally
Accurate.
2. southern area according to claim 1 cherry rain shelter cultivation method it is characterised in that：Step 1) nursery stock cultivation
Plant in the following way：
Setting up of lew combines with transplanted seedling tree density, and transplanted seedling tree density is 4m × 2m, i.e. line-spacing 4m, and spacing in the rows 2m is planted
Before seedling opens the gutter of deep 40cm, wide 40cm, railway carriage or compartment face width 3.6m by ditch heart 4m, and the soil of ditch is put in the middle of the face of railway carriage or compartment, makes the railway carriage or compartment face be in
Arc, then digs planting pit at the center in railway carriage or compartment face by the distance of 2m, planting pit length and width, depth are 50cm, and in cave, layering press-in is rotten
Ripe chicken manure or pig manure, in conjunction with applying phosphate fertilizer, every 667m2Apply Chicken dung 2000kg, calcium superphosphate 100kg, backfilled with earth
Afterwards, then etc. 12～20 talentes plant Seedlings, the strong sprout field planting from high more than 60cm, more than ground diameter 1cm.
3. southern area according to claim 2 cherry rain shelter cultivation method it is characterised in that：Step 2) set up and keep away
Awning is in the following way：
Transplanted seedling tree First Year is not provided with lew, arranges lew after transplanted seedling tree Second Year is born fruit, and lew direct motion sets
Vertical, lew includes some cross brackets, and support direct motion is alongst arranged, the column of support is coating steel pipe, horizontal
Load, roof bow, top support beam are coating steel pipe, and cross-arm is arranged on column top, and along width arrangement, top is curved
Beam is arranged on the top of column, and along width arrangement, top support beam is arranged on column top, and alongst
Arrangement, top support beam arranges some bamboo chip support beams, the both sides of support are respectively provided with a plastics steel wire and are used for fixing bamboo
Piece and the cooperation clamping film of surely taking shelter from rain of bamboo.
4. southern area according to claim 1 cherry rain shelter cultivation method it is characterised in that：Cherry kind
For black skin Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi, red prince wife or south morning red cherry.
5. southern area according to claim 1 cherry rain shelter cultivation method it is characterised in that：Cultivating seedlings：
Do stock from the Fructus Pruni Tomentosae in cherry or the sharp red cherry of mouth, November sows cultivation with seed bar ditch to cultivating seedlings then
Rootstock seedling, cultivating seedlings Second Year December in winter carries out grafting on stock, is then covered with Small plastic shed, cultivating seedlings the 3rd year
March removes shed, allows nursery stock naturally to grow, but should strengthen insect pest preventing and controlling, and cultivating seedlings are in by the end of December, the 3rd or cultivating seedlings
In January, 4 carries out nursery stock transplanting.
6. southern area according to claim 1 cherry rain shelter cultivation method it is characterised in that：Shaping：
The training of layer shape is dredged using coronule, transplanted seedling tree First Year early spring is stayed to nursery stock short the cutting of 60cm surely to do, erases bottom 30cm's
Bud, retains all buds of top 30cm, makees shaping strip；
After young sprout grows, 4 branches being evenly distributed of selecting and remain make ground floor major branch, carry out pinching in 20～30cm, inspire branch,
During branch 20cm, pinching inspires branch again；
Top tip is set with a post help directly so as to vertical growth, training Incubation Center does；More upright major branch support or the method drawn are adjusted
Whole crotch angle, be allowed to dry with center become 70 degree of angle, in transplanted seedling tree Second Year early spring, dry to center stay that 60cm is short to be cut, newly
The tip three branch top being evenly distributed and intersecting with ground floor major branch of selecting and remain after growing are trained second layer major branch, by the method for last year
Processed, adjusted crotch angle simultaneously, be allowed to dry with center become 70 degree of angle, and dry to center help straight；Transplanted seedling tree
3 year early spring, dry to center stay that 60cm is short to be cut, two relatively symmetrical and with lower floor major branch dislocation growth branch top of selecting and remain are trained the
Three layers of major branch；Center is dry to help straight growth, and the 4th year early spring wiped out center and do, and shaping completes.
7. southern area according to claim 1 cherry rain shelter cultivation method it is characterised in that：Prune：
Transplanted seedling tree first is by the 3rd year, in addition to shaping, preferably light on pruning, and is the many pinching of 4～July in Growing season, inspires short
Branch, to promote bud differentiation；
Suitably remove overstocked branch during winter pruning, stay middle brachyplast more, long shoot is stayed with 20～30cm is short to be cut, inspire branch；
After transplanted seedling tree the 3rd year, due to flower amount increase, partly middle long shoot to be carried out during winter pruning weight short cut, inspire nutrition
Branch, will suitably bounce back to the long shoot excessively stretching in the ranks, make in the ranks to retain the ventilation and penetrating light band of 1m.
8. southern area according to claim 1 cherry rain shelter cultivation method it is characterised in that：Fertilising：
Transplanted seedling tree First Year fertilizing method：The principle applied using Bao Shiqin, is applied fertile for the first time after early spring germinates, with carbamide is
Main, in conjunction with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, join clear water and apply, ratio is water: carbamide: potassium dihydrogen phosphate=200: 1: 1, apply 2kg for every plant, every 10
It 1 time, with the increase of tree crown, fertilizer application amount suitably increases, and to June, can increase to strain and apply the rich water 5kg preparing, late July stops
Only with fertile, then can forming part bud, early September basal dressing once, digs symmetrical bar ditch fertilising, ditch depth at the two ends of tree body
50cm, the long 100cm of ditch, furrow width 30～40cm, become thoroughly decomposed pig chicken manure water 30kg, calcium superphosphate 0.5kg are applied in strain, and winter carries out once complete
Garden is intertilled；
Transplanted seedling tree Second Year fertilizing method：Transplanted seedling tree Second Year whole year fertilising 3 times, first inferior to before early spring germination is
Apply by the end of January, applied with reference to carbamide, potassium sulfate trench digging with Chicken dung water, every 667m2Apply Chicken dung water 1000kg, carbamide
40kg, potassium sulfate 20kg, second be inferior to by the end of April, apply after fruit picking at the beginning of 5 months adopt after fertilizer, based on carbamide, the punching that adds water is applied, and can combine
Water and carry out together, also can carry out drip irrigation and apply, mu applies carbamide 20kg, and the punching that adds water is applied；For the third time in September, the middle ten days basal dressing,
Based on fertilizer, apply in conjunction with phosphate fertilizer, method is with First Year base manure method, but fertilizer application amount will increase, every 667m2Apply pig of becoming thoroughly decomposed
Chicken manure water 3000kg, calcium superphosphate 150kg, winter carries out once the intertillage of full garden；
The 3rd year fertilizing method of transplanted seedling tree：The 3rd year fertilizing method of transplanted seedling tree and time are identical with transplanted seedling tree Second Year,
But fertilizer application amount will increase, increase Potassium Fertilizer, for the first time i.e. every 667m by the end of January2Apply carbamide 50kg, potassium sulfate 40kg, chicken of becoming thoroughly decomposed
Liquid dung 1500kg, pouring applies or ditch applies, and second topdresses once inferior to after fruit picking, and mu applies carbamide 30kg, potassium sulfate 10kg, in conjunction with
Water and apply, third time basal dressing, every 667m2Apply the pig chicken manure water 4000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, calcium superphosphate 150kg, winter is to carrying out one
Ci Quan garden is intertilled；
Fertilization time of each year and dose and transplanted seedling tree the 3rd year are identical later；
Foliage dressing and fruit retention：Florescence spray boron fertilizer, to improve fruit-setting rate, combines during young fruit period dispenser and carries out foliage-spray di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen potassium, amino acid solution, to improve fruit quality.
9. southern area according to claim 1 cherry rain shelter cultivation method it is characterised in that：The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
Using putting prevention first, the strategy of integrated control, winter sprays the clear garden of lime sulfur of 3 degree of Baume, starts pre- during early spring rudiment
Anti- disease pest, in case eliminate aphis, oriental fruit months, shothole disease, young fruit period attention control brown rot, anthraenose.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107232006A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-10-10 | 界首市大自然养殖专业合作社 | It is a kind of to solve the low method of car li fruit-setting rate |
| CN108055964A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-05-22 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A kind of sweet tea persimmon rain shelter cultivation method, sweet tea persimmon and rain-shelter |
| CN108990672A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2018-12-14 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of cultural method improving yangtse-huaihe region Blueberry quality |
| CN110115187A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-08-13 | 浙江省农业科学院 | A kind of cherry high-density planting method |
| CN110547133A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-10 | 贵州大学 | Simple and easy tomato facility of taking shelter from rain |
| CN113303161A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-08-27 | 张霆潇 | Rain-sheltering cultivation method for Or citrus |
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| CN103081767A (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-08 | 马明宝 | Protected cultivation method for cherries |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107232006A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-10-10 | 界首市大自然养殖专业合作社 | It is a kind of to solve the low method of car li fruit-setting rate |
| CN108055964A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-05-22 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A kind of sweet tea persimmon rain shelter cultivation method, sweet tea persimmon and rain-shelter |
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| CN110115187A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-08-13 | 浙江省农业科学院 | A kind of cherry high-density planting method |
| CN110115187B (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2021-08-24 | 浙江省农业科学院 | High-density planting method for Chinese cherries |
| CN110547133A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-10 | 贵州大学 | Simple and easy tomato facility of taking shelter from rain |
| CN113303161A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-08-27 | 张霆潇 | Rain-sheltering cultivation method for Or citrus |
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