CN113303161A - Rain-sheltering cultivation method for Or citrus - Google Patents
Rain-sheltering cultivation method for Or citrus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113303161A CN113303161A CN202110678921.3A CN202110678921A CN113303161A CN 113303161 A CN113303161 A CN 113303161A CN 202110678921 A CN202110678921 A CN 202110678921A CN 113303161 A CN113303161 A CN 113303161A
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- trees
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- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[K] Chemical compound [P].[K] RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000001637 Ganoderma lucidum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000008397 Ganoderma lucidum Species 0.000 description 2
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000447 pesticide residue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000025865 Ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HIMJIPRMECETLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Wogonin Natural products COc1cc(O)c(O)c2C(=O)C=C(Oc12)c3ccccc3 HIMJIPRMECETLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019605 sweet taste sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000397 ulcer Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLTFNNCXVBYBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N wogonin Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C=C(O)C(C(C=2)=O)=C1OC=2C1=CC=CC=C1 XLTFNNCXVBYBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
- A01G13/20—Protective coverings for plants
- A01G13/21—Protective coverings for plants providing overhead protection, i.e. canopies
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及果树种植技术领域，具体公开了一种沃柑避雨栽培方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：（1）土壤修整；（2）沃柑树种植；（3）幼龄树整形和修剪；（4）设立避雨棚：在沃柑树种植后第3年设置避雨棚，避雨棚顺着沃柑树行设立；（5）避雨后水分管理；（6）疏果管理；（7）施肥管理；（8）结果树修剪：采收果后，对树冠高度进行修剪，保持树冠高度不高于2m。本发明的沃柑避雨栽培方法，通过避雨措施减少将于，能够降低病害发生几率，能够减少农药的使用次数，降低农药残留；日灼果的发生比例明显减少，商品果的比例明显提升；可有效推迟果实水裂纹的发生，从而提高产量和品质。The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and specifically discloses a rain-proof cultivation method for citrus citrus, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) soil trimming; (2) planting of citrus trees; (3) shaping of young trees and Pruning; (4) Setting up rain shelters: set up rain shelters in the third year after the planting of fertile orange trees, and set up rain shelters along the rows of fertile orange trees; (5) water management after sheltering from rain; (6) fruit thinning management ; (7) Fertilization management; (8) Fruit tree pruning: After harvesting the fruit, prune the crown height to keep the crown height not higher than 2m. The rain shelter cultivation method of citrus citrus of the present invention can reduce the occurrence probability of diseases, reduce the frequency of use of pesticides, and reduce the residues of pesticides through rain shelter measures; ; Can effectively delay the occurrence of fruit water cracks, thereby improving yield and quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and particularly relates to a rain-sheltering cultivation method for Or.
Background
The wogonin is a late-maturing mixed citrus variety, and the product and the variety have the advantages of vigorous growth, strong fruit bearing capacity, beautiful fruit appearance, excellent quality, late maturity, early fruiting and high yield, long fruit harvesting period, wide adaptability, joyous, bright and beautiful color, thin fruit skin and compact oil cells, orange red pulp and juicy and sweet taste, and is an excellent variety.
During the planting process of the Or, various fruit tree diseases such as canker and gray mold are easily caused by diseases and insect pests, and the appearance commodity of the fruits is seriously influenced. The growth vigor of the citrus trees is strong, particularly, the growth of new shoots is vigorous in summer, 3 batches of new shoots can grow and mature in 5-9 months, 1 batch of new shoots can grow and mature in every 45-50 days averagely, the high-temperature rainy season is also realized in 5-9 months, and conditions are provided for the occurrence of canker and gray disease of citrus trees due to high-temperature high excessive load. The amount of flowers of the Wobu trees is relatively large, the blooming period of the Wobu trees is from 3 to 4 months, and the gray mold is also serious in rainy days or high air humidity. The Or grows vigorously, particularly in autumn, more young shoots are extracted, the damage of leaf moths and aphids is caused, the obvious occurrence of canker is increased, the number of times of normally using pesticides reaches 25-30 times all the year, and the pesticide residue is high and the damage is increased due to excessive use of the pesticides.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for avoiding rain for citrus reishi, thereby overcoming the defects and shortcomings in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a rain-sheltering cultivation method for citrus reishi, which comprises the following steps:
(1) soil dressing: selecting sandy loam or gravel soil with good fertility, looseness, fertilizer and water retention as a planting field, disinfecting and killing insects on the soil before planting, then ploughing and applying a base fertilizer, covering soil and raking, and arranging a drainage ditch;
(2) planting the Or trees: planting healthy disease-free citrus reigara seedlings in 3-4 months, wherein the planting distance is 2-2.5 m, the row spacing is 4-4.5 m, and establishing a citrus reigara garden;
(3) shaping and pruning young trees: selecting and reserving a plump, large and flat bud for each bud eye, and wiping off the rest weak buds, abnormal buds, gemmules or insect pests; removing tips when the selected buds grow to show inflorescences after bud picking;
(4) setting a rain shelter: arranging a plurality of rain shelters in the 3 rd year after the Wo citrus trees are planted, wherein the rain shelters are arranged along the rows of the Wo citrus trees, and one rain shelter is arranged in every two rows of the Wo citrus trees;
(5) and (3) moisture management after rain sheltering: leaf wilting, and carrying out drip irrigation on the leaves until the leaves can be recovered to be normal by the next day; in the mature and harvest period of the fruits, proper drought is kept to improve the quality and the storage and transportation resistance of the fruits;
(6) fruit thinning management: removing redundant inflorescences, shaping, removing secondary tips, and removing spike tips until the size of young fruits is clear;
(7) fertilization management: applying a foliar fertilizer 45-60 days before harvesting; after harvesting, topdressing in autumn, digging a deep groove of 40-60 cm at the orthographic projection boundary of the crown, and applying the topdressing fertilizer, wherein the topdressing fertilizer is a mixture of an organic fertilizer and a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer in a weight ratio of 30-35: 1, and the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting wormcast, cow dung and straws;
(8) pruning a fruiting tree: and after fruits are harvested, trimming the height of the crown, keeping the height of the crown not higher than 2.5m, trimming upright branches, spindly branches and crossed branches, and keeping ventilation.
Preferably, in the Wo citrus rain sheltering cultivation method, the base fertilizer is 20-30: 1 of a farmyard organic fertilizer and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and the application amount of the base fertilizer is 250-300 kg/mu.
Preferably, in the aforementioned method for cultivating Or otherwise rain sheltering, in the step (3), the concrete steps except for a little are as follows: and after the branch tips are aged, short shears of 30-40 cm are reserved to promote next batch of new tips to germinate, bud picking is carried out according to the positions of the branch tips on the tree body when the new buds grow to 5-6 cm, and only 2-3 reasonably distributed robust buds are reserved on each base tip.
Preferably, in the cultivation method of the woolly orange in rain, the rain shelter comprises a frame and a film covered on the frame, the frame comprises a plurality of vertical columns and a top support frame, the vertical columns are arranged along the length direction in a forward running mode, the top support beam is arranged at the upper end of each vertical column, and the top support beam is arranged along the width direction and is in a bent shape.
Preferably, in the Wo citrus rain sheltering cultivation method, the film is an agricultural film with 4-8 silks.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the rain sheltering cultivation method for the Or citrus disclosed by the invention, the rain sheltering measures are adopted to reduce the occurrence probability of diseases, the use times of pesticides can be reduced, and the pesticide residue is reduced; the occurrence proportion of the sunscald fruits is obviously reduced, and the proportion of the commercial fruits is obviously improved. The trees are protected from rain before and after blooming, so that the trees can be fully pollinated in the flowering period when meeting rain, fruit setting is promoted, the occurrence of fruit water cracks can be effectively delayed, and the yield and the quality are improved.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A rain-sheltering cultivation method for Or citrus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) soil dressing: selecting sandy loam or gravel soil with good fertility, loose soil, fertilizer and water retention as a planting field, disinfecting and killing insects on the soil before planting, then ploughing and applying a base fertilizer, wherein 300 kg/mu of the base fertilizer is applied to each mu, the base fertilizer is farmyard organic fertilizer and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 25:1, covering soil and raking, and arranging a drainage ditch;
(2) planting the Or trees: planting healthy disease-free citrus reigara seedlings in 3-4 months, wherein the planting distance is 2-2.5 m, the row spacing is 4-4.5 m, and establishing a citrus reigara garden;
(3) shaping and pruning young trees: selecting and reserving a plump, large and flat bud for each bud eye, and wiping off the rest weak buds, abnormal buds, gemmules or insect pests; after the shoots are aged, short scissors of 35cm are reserved to promote the next batch of shoots to germinate, when the shoots grow to 5-6 cm, bud picking is carried out according to the positions of the shoots on the tree body, the number, direction and strength of the shoots are selected, and only 2-3 reasonably-distributed robust buds are reserved on each base shoot;
(4) setting a rain shelter: arranging a rain shelter before the Wo citrus trees bloom in the 3 rd year after the Wo citrus trees are planted, wherein the rain shelters are arranged along rows of the Wo citrus trees, and one rain shelter is arranged every two rows of the Wo citrus trees; the rain shelter comprises a frame and a film covered on the frame, the frame comprises a plurality of vertical upright posts and a top supporting frame, the vertical upright posts are arranged along the length direction in a forward running manner, top supporting beams are arranged at the upper ends of the vertical upright posts, and the top supporting beams are arranged along the width direction and are bent; the film is covered on the top support beam and is fixed, and the film is a 4-silk agricultural film;
(5) and (3) moisture management after rain sheltering: leaf wilting, drip irrigation water, watering amount to make the plant return to normal in the evening of the next day; in the mature and harvest period of the fruits, proper drought is kept to improve the quality and the storage and transportation resistance of the fruits;
(6) fruit thinning management: removing redundant inflorescences, shaping, removing secondary tips, and removing spike tips until the size of young fruits is clear;
(7) fertilization management: applying foliar fertilizer 60 days before harvesting; after harvesting, topdressing in autumn, wherein the topdressing fertilizer is a mixture of an organic fertilizer and a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer in a weight ratio of 35:1, and the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting wormcast, cow dung and straws;
(8) pruning a fruiting tree: and after fruits are harvested, trimming the height of the crown, keeping the height of the crown not higher than 2m, and trimming upright branches, spindly branches and crossed branches.
Test examples
The combined control group of the embodiment 1 is set, the embodiment group adopts the rain sheltering cultivation method of the Or for planting the Or, the control group is not provided with rain shelters, other management measures are the same as the group of the embodiment 1, 3 mu of land is planted in each group, and the disease control frequency, the proportion of occurrence of sunscald fruits (the proportion of the total number of the plants), the annual pesticide use frequency, the commodity fruit proportion and the change situation of the Water cracks of the Or after planting the Or trees are counted.
Table 1 shows the annual disease control frequency, the sunscald fruit occurrence ratio (the ratio of the sunscald fruit to the total number of the individual plants), the annual pesticide use frequency and the commodity fruit ratio after the citrus wovensis tree planting. As can be seen from Table 1, the occurrence of diseases is much more slight when rain sheltering cultivation is adopted than when open cultivation is adopted, the use times of pesticides are reduced, the occurrence proportion of sunscald fruits is obviously reduced, and the proportion of commodity fruits is obviously improved.
TABLE 1
| Cultivation of plants(Mode) | Frequency of prevention and treatment of ulcer | Number of times of prevention of gray mold | Proportion of sunscald fruits | Number of pesticide applications throughout the year | Proportion of commercial fruit |
| Control group | 12-15 times | 2-3 times | 10%-30% | 25-30 times | 30-50% |
| Example 1 | 3-4 times | 1-2 times | 2%-5% | 12-16 times | 70%-80% |
The trees are kept for fresh-keeping observation, 3 trees are randomly drawn in the group of example 1 and the control group respectively to observe the change of water cracks of the Or, and the results are listed in Table 2. The occurrence of fruit water cracks can be delayed by adopting rain sheltering cultivation.
TABLE 2 Water crack number of Or
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110678921.3A CN113303161A (en) | 2021-06-18 | 2021-06-18 | Rain-sheltering cultivation method for Or citrus |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110678921.3A CN113303161A (en) | 2021-06-18 | 2021-06-18 | Rain-sheltering cultivation method for Or citrus |
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| CN113303161A true CN113303161A (en) | 2021-08-27 |
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| CN202110678921.3A Pending CN113303161A (en) | 2021-06-18 | 2021-06-18 | Rain-sheltering cultivation method for Or citrus |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116267386A (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-06-23 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Planting Method of Orchard of Wogan to Avoid Rain |
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2021
- 2021-06-18 CN CN202110678921.3A patent/CN113303161A/en active Pending
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116267386A (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-06-23 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Planting Method of Orchard of Wogan to Avoid Rain |
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